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This study represents an endeavor to point out facts and tendencies in higher education in Ireland and Wales by which American universities and colleges may profit. It complements similar studies in England and Scotland (see ED540852), and presupposes familiarity with the principal features and terminology of these studies. The compiler of this bulletin visited some 20 institutions of life type with those in England and Scotland and for the most part modeled after them. Similar historical, religious, and political forces have been at work in them. In all of these institutions religion begat the beginnings and ecclesiastical zeal has asserted itself. Royal commissions and acts of Parliament have successively played no small part. The influences of the industrial age and of imperialism have been much less than in England and Scotland. the strength of nationalism has been much greater, and consequently the aspiration for a national "system" of education, crowned by a State-aided university, has been stronger. Notable differences may be attributed to the predominance of Celtic blood, traditions of a pre-Saxon culture, political domination by what was long considered a foreign power, comparative isolation due to geographical position, and the limitation of industry largely to agriculture and mining. Ireland and Wales educationally, though not without enchanting traditions of ancient glories antedating those of English and Scotch lore, are young, plastic, and in a formative period. This bulletin is divided into three sections. Part I, "Ireland," contains the following chapters: (1) The Dublin University, Trinity College; (2) The Catholic University; (3) The predecessors of the National University; (4) The National University; (5) The three constituent colleges; (6) The Queen's University of Belfast; and (7) The Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction. Part II, "Wales," contains the following chapters: (1) Movements preparatory for the University of Wales; (2) The University of Wales; and (3) The Royal Commission and educational problems confronting it. Part III, "England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales,"--presents a summary of studies and suggestions. An index is also included. (Individual chapters contain footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]

The object of this study is to point out facts and tendencies in higher education in Great Britain by which American universities and colleges can profit. Since May, 1913, the compiler of the bulletin has visited 56 institutions, of which 18 have been universities, 14 university colleges, and 24 colleges and technical and agricultural colleges and schools. The wide diversity in the institutions due to differences in age, type, and even race, nay easily lead one astray in a comparative study of them. The differences in phraseology among the British institutions themselves, and in turn the differences between their usages and those current in the United States, must be constantly kept in mind to prevent confusion of thought. This bulletin is divided into three sections. Part I presents "Historical Studies and Suggestions" and contains the following chapters: (1) First group of universities--Oxford, Cambridge, Durham; (2) Scotch universities; (3) University of London; (4) The new or provincial universities; (5) Independent university colleges--Exeter, Nottingham, Reading, Southampton; (6) Technical colleges and schools; (7) Agricultural colleges and schools; and (8) Women's colleges. Part II covers "Topical Studies and Suggestions" and contains the following chapters: (1) Organization and administration of universities; (2) University officers; (3) Provisions for the faculty; (4) State aid and visitation; (5) Coordination of institutions; (6) Applied science and professional education; (7) Advanced study and research without graduate schools; (8) Examinations; (9) Curricula; (10) Student life; and (11) University extension teaching. Part III presents "Statistical Tables." An index is also included. Individual chapters contain footnotes. (Contains 15 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]

For many years there has been carried on in the United States by various national and State organizations a vigorous agitation for a clearer definition and improvement of standards in higher and professional education. Committees and commissions have labored and reported. Sometimes these reports have been published and given wide circulation; in other cases they have been quite inaccessible to persons engaged in the study of educational standards. The need for a comprehensive and judicious discussion of the development of standards in education has been keenly felt and often expressed by individual institutions, and licensing or standardizing agencies, such as State boards of education and of medicine. The history of the work of the American Medical Association and of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, for example, in elevating the standards of medical education is illuminating for all who are concerned with the process of bettering educational standards, no matter what the particular field of their effort may be. Among the organizations laboring for this definition and improvement of standards in large sections of the country or in the whole Nation are the National Association of State Universities, the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, the Association of American Universities, Association of American Medical Colleges, the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools (typical of sectional associations), and the National Conference Committee on Standards of Colleges and Secondary Schools. The information presented in this bulletin is pertinent to matters now much discussed by educational workers, and it contributes valuable information in permanent form for establishing a better perspective and for mapping out further progress. The bulletin is divided into nine chapters, as follows: (1) Present standards of liberal arts colleges; (2) Standards of theological schools; (3) Standards of medical schools; (4) Standards of law schools; (5) Standards of schools of engineering; (6) Standards of schools of dentistry; (7) Standards of schools of pharmacy; (8) Standards of schools of fine arts and music; and (9) Standards of universities. The following are appended: (1) Definition of Requirements by the College Entrance Examination Board; (2) Definitions of Unit Courses of Study and Requirements in Certain Subjects by the Commission on Accredited Schools and Colleges of the north Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools; and (3) Some Standardizing Agencies. An index is included. Individual sections contain footnotes. [Best copy available has been provided.]