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Here we report 420 kyr long records of sediment geochemical and color variations from the southwestern Iberian Margin. We synchronized the Iberian Margin sediment record to Antarctic ice cores and speleothem records on millennial time scales and investigated the phase responses relative to orbital forcing of multiple proxy records available from these cores. Iberian Margin sediments contain strong precession power. Sediment "redness" (a* and 570-560 nm) and the ratio of long-chain alcohols to n-alkanes (C26OH/(C26OH+C-29)) are highly coherent and in-phase with precession. Redder layers and more oxidizing conditions (low alcohol ratio) occur near precession minima (summer insolation maxima). We suggest these proxies respond rapidly to low-latitude insolation forcing by wind-driven processes (e.g., dust transport, upwelling, precipitation). Most Iberian Margin sediment parameters lag obliquity maxima by 7-8 ka, indicating a consistent linear response to insolation forcing at obliquity frequencies driven mainly by high-latitude processes. Although the lengths of the time series are short (420 ka) for detecting 100 kyr eccentricity cycles, the phase relationships support those obtained by Shackleton [2000]. Antarctic temperature and the Iberian Margin alcohol ratios (C26OH/(C26OH+C-29)) lead eccentricity maxima by 6 kyr, with lower ratios (increased oxygenation) occurring at eccentricity maxima. CO2, CH4, and Iberian SST are nearly in phase with eccentricity, and minimum ice volume (as inferred from Pacific delta O-18(seawater)) lags eccentricity maxima by 10 kyr. The phase relationships derived in this study continue to support a potential role of the Earth's carbon cycle in contributing to the 100 kyr cycle. Citation: Hodell, D., S. Crowhurst, L. Skinner, P. C. Tzedakis, V. Margari, J. E. T. Channell, G. Kamenov, S. Maclachlan, and G. Rothwell (2013), Response of Iberian Margin sediments to orbital and suborbital forcing over the past 420 ka, Paleoceanography, 28, 185-199, doi:10.1002/palo.20017.

We present the first oxygen isotope measurements from Kongsfjorden in north-west Spitsbergen, and use the isotopic composition and hydrographic data to provide a detailed assessment of the mixing between freshwater and oceanic waters. Temperature, salinity(s) and oxygen isotope profiles are used to describe the seasonal evolution of hydrography in the inner part of the fjord, and to infer the dominant mixing and exchange processes. Data from atmospheric, glacial and marine sources throughout Kongsfjorden are used to construct a salinity: δ18O mixing line in a region that receives inputs of freshwater and marine Atlantic water. The dominant source of freshwater is glacial melt from a tidewater glacier complex at the head of the fjord, resulting in a seawater salinity: δ18O relationship where δ18O = 0.43S - 14.65. The Kongsfjorden data provides a northern latitudinal limit for mixing lines in the northwestern European coastal system.

Objectives of the study: To measure the modification of tidal flow around a shipwreck in the marine environment. The data collected during this and future deployments is being used, in combination with other physical and numerical studies in the laboratory, to better understand the processes affecting scour around wrecks; this study will also evaluate the effect (if any) on scour, of aggregate extraction near to such wrecks. The conclusions of the complete study will be used to design with more confidence, exclusion zones to protect wrecks of archaeological importance. License area associated with the Hastings bank, approximately 20km east of Beachy Head and 13km south of Hastings (see Figure 2). The specific study site is centered upon an 'Unknown wreck', position 50�44.59'N, 000�36.18'E (NGR 583740E 96960N) approximately 200m outside the license area. The majority of frames were within 150m of the wreck. Instruments were deployed between the 18th-20th of June and recovered between the 21st-22nd of July, 2005.