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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar la presencia del virus de fiebre porcina clásica (vFPC) a partir de residuos orgánicos. Se evaluaron un total de 40 muestras del material de cárcamo de recolección, excretas sólidas y líquidos separados, de ocho granjas ubicadas en la región central de México, las cuales tienen implementado un sistema de tratamiento de excretas por medio de un separador de sólidos y líquidos. Todas las muestras se procesaron por medio de las pruebas de inmunofluorescencia directa, inmunoperoxidasa directa y ELISA de captura para evidenciar la presencia del vFPC. Todas las muestras resultaron negativas por las pruebas de inmunoperoxidasa e inmunofluorescencia. En relación a la prueba de ELISA de captura, dos de las muestras resultaron positivas (5.0 %), las cuales provenían de la misma granja ubicada en el estado de Guanajuato, una del cárcamo de sedimentación y la otra del material sólido. El vFPC puede ser aislado a partir excretas porcinas sólidas y de muestras del cárcamo. La prueba de ELISA de captura resultó ser más sensible debido a su capacidad para detectar proteínas específicas del vFPC. Las pruebas de inmunoperoxidasa directa e inmunofluorescencia directa no detectaron al virus.

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We report on an infant with Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome (OTCS), who also had manifestations of ciliopathy, including short ribs (non-asphyxiating), trident acetabular roofs, postaxial polydactyly cone-shaped epiphyses, and dysplasia of the renal, hepatic and pancreatic tissues. To investigate the molecular cause, we used an exome sequencing strategy followed by Sanger sequencing. Two rare variants, both predicted to result in loss of functional protein, were identified in the IFT140 gene; a substitution at the splice donor site of exon 24 (c.723+1G>T) and a 17 bp deletion, impacting the first coding exon (c.-11_6del). The variants were confirmed as being biallelic using Sanger sequencing, showing that the splice variant was inherited from the propositus mother and the deletion from the father. To date, Mainzer-Saldino syndrome, Jeune syndrome, and a form of nonsyndromic retinal dystrophy, have been identified as ciliopathies caused by IFT140 mutations. We provide the first description of an OTCS phenotype that appears to result from IFT140 mutations. The presentation of this patient is consistent with previous reports showing that OTCS already exhibited skeleletal and nonskeletal features of a ciliopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente estudio propone considerar el marco teórico de los sistemas dinámicos complejos dentro del estudio de creencias y agencia en el aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera. La teoría de la complejidad pone de relieve el carácter situacional, adaptativo y dinámico de estas dos diferencias individuales en el aprendizaje de ELE. El seguimiento de una estudiante durante un período de dos años a través de diarios de aprendizaje nos permite realizar un estudio longitudinal sobre las características de sus experiencias manifiestas mediante las cuales consigue llevar a cabo sus objetivos de aprendizaje. El análisis de los diarios nos facilita a su vez ver la interacción de la agencia con otras variables individuales tales como la motivación, autorregulación, creencias e identidad. Investigar desde la aproximación de los sistemas dinámicos complejos nos ofrece una propuesta interaccional que refleja la forma en la que funciona el mundo y los actores en él envueltos. El artículo muestra cómo la articulación de acciones, recursos y decisiones anclados en circunstancias específicas determinan las creencias observadas y provocan la emergencia de las propiedades básicas de la agencia. AGENCY AND BELIEFS IN SPANISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS In this article, I attempt to consider to what extent agency and beliefs in foreign language learning can be viewed as situated constructs explained from the perspective of complex dynamic systems. Considering longitudinal data from a single case study, we expect to gain insight into the characteristics of a single student´s agentic behavior manifestation through which the student attemps to achieve her learning objectives. Learning journals gathered through a two-year period allow us to observe the interaction between agency and other individual differences such as motivation, self-regulation, beliefs and identity. To research from the approach of the dynamic complex systems paradigm offers an interactional perspective that reflects in a more realistic manner the way in which the world works. The article concludes that situated actions, resources, and decisions determine the emergency of the basic tenants of agency as well as its related beliefs.

Background: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a challenging operation for the treatment of morbid obesity with well-demonstrated effectiveness in weight lost. There are several variations to the technique.Methods: From September 2000 to July 2004, 600 consecutive patients underwent surgery for morbid obesity at our institution. The surgical technique employed was LRYGB with totally hand-sewn gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA). All patients were considered candidates for laparoscopic approach regardless of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), or previous bariatric or digestive surgery.Results: Mean BMI was 44.4 +/- 7.6 kg/m2. Thirty-two patients had undergone previous failed bariatric procedures. Conversion to an open procedure was necessary in three patients. Seventy-two patients (12%) developed early complications, including 23 (3.8%) leaks at the GJA (eight in the first 18 patients). Mortality rate was 1.1% (one death was related to GJA leakage). Early and late reoperation rates were 5.3 and 1.8%, respectively. Rate plateau of morbidity and mortality was reached after the first 18 patients when the surgical technique was fully standardized.Conclusions: LRYGB is a technically demanding procedure for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity with significant morbidity during the learning curve. The learning curve can be soon overcome, reaching a rate plateau of complications after adequate training. Morbidly obese patients should be operated on in expert bariatric surgical laparoscopic units to obtain the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cropping and disease patterns were observed over a period of 4 years in individual cocoa trees at three contrasting sites near Quevedo, Ecuador, with the aim of evaluating the importance of dry season production and the consequent avoidance of pod disease caused by Crinipellis pemidosa and Moniliophthora roreri. Distinction of the diseases on necrotic pods was aided by splitting open pods after removal from the tree. The year was divided into wet season (April to September) and dry season (October to March) harvest periods. The 3-month lag between the actual wet and dry seasons and these harvest periods allowed time for symptom development. Combined disease losses ranged from 19.0% to 62.1 % at the various sites. At all sites and in each year, more ripe healthy pods were harvested in the dry season harvest period than in the wet season harvest period. In general, pod losses caused by C. perniciosa were curtailed more sharply by the dry season than those caused by M. roreri, which at one site caused as much damage in the dry season as in the wet season. The proportion of the annual production falling in the dry season harvest period varied among sites and between years at a given site. A comparison of trees from two progenies growing side by side showed consistent differences in cropping patterns, and identified certain trees that were productive, yielded consistently in the dry season harvest period, and were little affected by M. roreri. Analysis of long-term rainfall data for the Quevedo region indicated that years which lack a normal dry season do occur, but only once every 10 years on average. Further exploitation of disease escape through selection and breeding appears to be both feasible and appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El dinamismo de las creencias que se trasladan, producen y actúan en el contexto de aprendizaje de lengua extranjera puede ser examinado desde la perspectiva de las relaciones entre sus componentes. Estas relaciones se manifiestan a través de la adaptación y reorganización de tanto recursos internos como externos al estudiante, los cuales posibilitan un cambio y una respuesta puntuales que se ajustan a las características concretas del sistema en un momento específico. Este artículo presenta un estudio longitudinal de nueve meses durante los cuales se realizó el seguimiento de cuatro estudiantes con el objetivo de alcanzar una comprensión más profunda sobre la naturaleza compleja y dinámica de las creencias sobre el aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera. Mediante la obtención de metáforas conceptuales relativas al proceso de aprendizaje y de entrevistas con un grupo de estudiantes universitarios daneses, hemos podido acceder a resultados que nos permiten concebir las creencias como un entramado de representaciones coadaptables, situacionales, autoorganizadas por naturaleza, ancladas y articuladas en un contexto particular.

We present the main results of a multidisciplinary project on education and outreach in Guanajuato (Mexico). This collaboration was initiated in the International Year of Astronomy (IYA09, IAU-UNESCO, 2009) and is led by a team including astronomers, sociologists and environment biologists. The Astronomy activities had their origin at the Public Observatory of Universidad de Guanajuato, where an outreach program was dedicated to young students, teachers and the general public. Thanks to the many activities linked to IYA09, the astronomers joined with a group of sociologists working on the development of rural zones of the Mexican State of Guanajuato. This region undergoes a high rate of migration towards the USA. Working together, our goals were enlarged, having important results on different aspects like social development, environment recovering and education. Astronomy plays a central role within this project, mainly through activities like stargazing, science games for young public, Astronomy courses for teachers, and talks for a wide audience.

A squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features of the vulva is extremely rare. Only 16 cases have been reported with this type of tumor, and all of them are characterized by an aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. This entity features a spindle cell, sarcomatoid morphology in the context of a squamous carcinoma. In this article the authors report a 77-year-old women that presented to this hospital in which a diagnosis of a vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid stroma was made. With no current treatment guidelines, and without the proper resection, the patient has a critical prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black broom (Sarothamnus scoparius) is a bush that grows abundantly in the region of Extremadura. The potential use of this lignocellulosic material as raw material for the preparation of activated carbon by physical activation is investigated. The activated carbons are characterised by means of chemical analysis, N2 adsorption at 77 K, mercury porosimetry and helium and mercury densities. It has been observed that the activation in CO2 atmosphere leads to better textural properties than those obtained when air was used as activating agent. The effects of the activation procedure on the textural properties of the samples are favoured with the increase in the activation temperature.La retama negra (Sarothamnus scoparius) es un arbusto que crece en forma abundante en la región extremeña. En el presente estudio se investiga su posible utilización como material de partida en la preparación de carbón activado. Ésta se lleva a cabo por el método de activación física. Los carbones son caracterizados mediante análisis químico, adsorción de N2 a 77 K, porosimetría de mercurio y medida de densidades por desplazamiento de helio y de mercurio. Se ha constatado que activando en CO2 se preparan carbones activados que poseen unas mejores propiedades texturales que los obtenidos utilizando aire. Los efectos de la activación sobre las propiedades texturales de los carbones se favorecen con la subida de la temperatura de activación.

The purpose of this study was the detection of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv) in organic waste matter. A total of 40 samples from collection basin sludge, solid faeces and separated liquid phases from eight farms with faeces treatment systems based on a liquid and solids separation process in Central Mexico, were evaluated. All the samples were tested by direct immunofluorescence, direct immunoperoxidase and capture ELISA techniques to determine the presence of CSFv. The results from all samples were negative to immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence tests. Two of the samples showed positive results to a capture ELISA test (5.0 %). Both samples were collected in the same farm in the State of Guanajuato, one from the sedimentation basin and the other from separated solid matter. The CSFv may be isolated from solid swine excrement and from solid waste matter in the basin as well. The capture ELISA test proved to be more sensitive, due to its ability to detect specific CSFv proteins. Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence tests failed to detect the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]