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12 results on '"Mabel Rice"'

1. Syntactic and semantic specialization in 9- to 10-year-old children during auditory sentence processing

Author

Jin Wang, Neelima Wagley, Mabel Rice, Nadine Gaab, and James R. Booth

Subjects
Semantics, Syntax, Sentence processing, Developmental, Multi-voxel pattern analysis, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Prior literature has debated whether syntax is separable from semantics in the brain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and multi-voxel pattern analysis, our previous studies investigated brain activity during morpho-syntactic versus semantic processing. These studies only detected semantic specialization in activation patterns and no syntactic specialization in 5- to 6-year-old and 7- to 8-year-old children. To examine if older children who have mastered morpho-syntactic skills would show specialization for syntax, the current study examined 64 9- to 10-year-old children using the same design and analyses. We observed that only the left IFG pars opercularis was sensitive to syntactic but not semantic information, supporting the hypothesis that this region serves as a core region for syntax. In addition, the left STG which has been implicated in the integration of semantics and syntax, as well as the left MTG and IFG pars triangularis which have been implicated in semantics, were sensitive to both semantic and syntactic information with no evidence of specialization. These findings suggest a lexicalized view of syntax, which argues that semantically sensitive regions are also critical regions for syntactic processing during language comprehension.

Published
2024
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6. Hearing Loss in Perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but Uninfected Children and Adolescents

Author

Peter, Torre, Bret, Zeldow, Howard J, Hoffman, Ashley, Buchanan, George K, Siberry, Mabel, Rice, Patricia A, Sirois, Paige L, Williams, and Elizabeth, Willen

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Hearing loss, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Audiometry, Risk Factors, Hiv infected, Prevalence, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Humans, Child, Hearing Loss, education, Analysis of Variance, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Extramural, business.industry, Puerto Rico, virus diseases, Antiretroviral therapy, United States, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Little is known about hearing loss in children with HIV infection (HIV+). We examined the prevalence of hearing loss in perinatally HIV+ and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children, compared these with the percentage with hearing loss in the general population and evaluated possible risk factors for hearing loss in HIV+ and HEU children.Audiometric examinations were completed in children who met any prespecified criteria for possible hearing loss. The hearing examination consisted of a tympanogram in each ear and pure-tone air-conduction threshold testing from 500 through 4000 Hz. Hearing loss was defined as the pure-tone average over these frequencies ≥ 20 dB hearing level. The associations of demographic variables, parent/caregiver, HIV disease and HIV treatment with hearing loss were evaluated with univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.Hearing testing was completed in 231 children (145 HIV+ and 86 HEU). Hearing loss occurred in 20.0% of HIV+ children and 10.5% of HEU children. After adjusting for caregiver education level, HIV infection was associated with increased odds of hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.95-4.76, P = 0.07). Among HIV+ children, those with a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention class C diagnosis had over twice the odds of hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio = 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-5.87, P = 0.04). The prevalence of hearing loss was higher in both HIV+ and HEU children compared with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III children.Hearing loss was more common in both HIV+ and HEU children than in children from a US population sample. More advanced HIV illness increased the risk of hearing loss in HIV+ children.

Published
2012
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