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[520] Mabea subsessilis Pax & K.Hoffm. Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.IV (Heft 52): 282 [13 Feb. 1912] (Pax & Hoffmann 1912). Mabea argutissima Croizat, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67 (4): 288 [Apr. 1940] (Croizat 1940). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 18 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J.-F. Molino & D. Sabatier 2307. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 14 trees in 4 plots; Fmax = 1.4 %; dbhinv = 28 cm.

[521] Mabea taquari Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 870 [Jun.-Dec. 1775] (Aublet 1775). Mabea schomburgkii Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 365 (Bentham 1854). Mabea taquari var. angustifolia Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15 (2.2): 1150 [late Aug. 1866] (Müller 1866). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: akale loway • Wn: isoimë watkï. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 43 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J.B. Aublet s.n. (original material A[A00055264], BM[BM000799374], F[V0056865F], P[P00716889]; possible original material LINN[LINN-HS 1470.2], MPU[MPU015282]). SIZE. — Guyana. H. D. Clarke 3146, 12 m., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 463, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["AUBLET J. - B. C. F. 1775. - Histoire des plantes de la Guyane francoise. Didot, Paris, 4 vol. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 674"]}

[517] Mabea piriri Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 867 [Jun.-Dec. 1775] (Aublet 1775). Mabea maynensis Spruce ex Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 7 [“1861” publ. June 1860] (Bentham 1860). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: yukuyapoi • Wp: awalapuna • Wn: isoimë watkï • Nt: busi bisangula • Cr: bwa-lélé • Fr: bois à calumet • Br: seringaí, taquari. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 122 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J.B. Aublet s.n. (original material BM[BM000799363]). INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 143 trees in 43 plots; Fmax = 3.9 %; dbhinv = 28.3 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 462, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["AUBLET J. - B. C. F. 1775. - Histoire des plantes de la Guyane francoise. Didot, Paris, 4 vol. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 674"]}

[518] Mabea salicoides Esser Novon 3 (4): 349 [winter 1993] (Esser 1993). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: S.A. Mori & B.M. Boom 15146. SIZE. — Up to 18 cm dbh (Gillespie 2002)., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 462, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["GILLESPIE L. J. 2002. - Euphorbiaceae, in MORI S. A., CREMERS G., GRACIE C. A., GRANVILLE J. - J. DE, HEALD S. V., HOFF M. & MITCHELL J. D. (eds), Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana. Part 2. Dicotyledons. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx: 206 - 298. (Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden; 76 [2])."]}

[519] Mabea speciosa Müll.Arg. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11 (2): 520 [1 May 1874] (Müller 1874). Mabea caudata Pax & K.Hoffm., Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.IV (Heft 52): 282 [13 Feb. 1912] (Pax & Hoffmann 1912). NOTE. — Hyperdominant in Amazonia (ter Steege et al. 2020). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Wp: awalapuna, awalapuna sili, paa lo’o • Wn: tihstili epit • Cr: bwa-lélé • Br: seringaí, taquari. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 17 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: M.-F. Prévost et al. 4470. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 48 trees in 20 plots; Fmax = 2.2 %; dbhinv = 29 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["TER STEEGE H., PRADO P. I., LIMA R. A. F. DE, POS E., DE SOUZA COELHO L., DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO D., SALOMAO R. P., AMARAL I. L., DE ALMEIDA MATOS F. D., CASTILHO C. V., PHILLIPS O. L., GUEVARA J. E., DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM M., CARDENAS LOPEZ D., MAGNUSSON W. E., WITTMANN F., MARTINS M. P., SABATIER D., IRUME M. V., DA SILVA GUI- MARAES J. R., MOLINO J. - F., BANKI O. S., PIEDADE M. T. F., PITMAN N. C. A., RAMOS J. F., MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA A., VENTICINQUE E. M., LUIZE B. G., NUNEZ VARGAS P., SILVA T. S. F., DE LEAO NOVO E. M. M., REIS N. F. C., TERBORGH J., MANZATTO A. G., CASULA K. R., HONORIO CORONADO E. N., MONTERO J. C., DUQUE A., COSTA F. R. C., CASTANO ARBOLEDA N., SCHONGART J., ZARTMAN C. E., KILLEEN T. J., MARIMON B. S., MARIMON- JUNIOR B. H., VASQUEZ R., MOSTACEDO B., DEMARCHI L. O., FELDPAUSCH T. R., ENGEL J., PETRONELLI P., BARALOTO C., ASSIS R. L., CASTELLANOS H., SIMON M. F., DE MEDEIROS M. B., QUARESMA A., LAUR- ANCE S. G. W., RINCON L. M., ANDRADE A., SOUSA T. R., CAMARGO J. L., SCHIETTI J., LAURANCE W. F., DE QUEIROZ H. L., NASCIMENTO H. E. M., LOPES M. A., DE SOUSA FARIAS E., MAGALHAES J. L. L., BRIENEN R., AYMARD C. G. A., RE- VILLA J. D. C., VIEIRA I. C. G., CINTRA B. B. L., STEVENSON P. R., FEITOSA Y. O., DUIVENVOORDEN J. F., MOGOLLON H. F., ARAUJO- MURAKAMI A., FERREIRA L. V., LOZADA J. R., COMISKEY J. A., DE TOLEDO J. J., DAMASCO G., DAVILA N., LOPES A., GARCIA- VILLACORTA R., DRAPER F., VICENTINI A., CORNEJO VALVERDE F., LLOYD J., GOMES V. H. F., NEILL D., ALONSO A., DALLMEIER F., DE SOUZA F. C., GRIBEL R., AR- ROYO L., CARVALHO F. A., DE AGUIAR D. P. P., DO AMARAL D. D., PANSONATO M. P., FEELEY K. J., BERENGUER E., FINE P. V. A., GUEDES M. C., BARLOW J., FERREIRA J., VILLA B., PENUELA MORA M. C., JIMENEZ E. M., LICONA J. C., CERON C., THOMAS R., MAAS P., SILVEIRA M., HENKEL T. W., STROPP J., PAREDES M. R., DEXTER K. G., DALY D., BAKER T. R., HUAMANTUPA- CHUQUIMACO I., MILLIKEN W., PENNINGTON T., TELLO J. S., PENA J. L. M., PERES C. A., KLITGAARD B., FUENTES A., SILMAN M. R., DI FIORE A., VON HILDEBRAND P., CHAVE J., VAN ANDEL T. R., HILARIO R. R., PHILLIPS J. F., RIVAS- TORRES G., NORONHA J. C., PRIETO A., GONZALES T., DE SA CARPANEDO R., GONZALES G. P. G., GOMEZ R. Z., DE JESUS RODRIGUES D., ZENT E. L., RUSCHEL A. R., VOS V. A., FONTY E., JUNQUEIRA A. B., DOZA H. P. D., HOFFMAN B., ZENT S., BARBOSA E. M., MALHI Y., DE MATOS BONATES L. C., DE ANDRADE MIRANDA I. P., SILVA N., BARBOSA F. R., VELA C. I. A., PINTO L. F. M., RUDAS A., ALBUQUERQUE B. W., UMANA M. N., CARRERO MARQUEZ Y. A., VAN DER HEI- JDEN G., YOUNG K. R., TIRADO M., CORREA D. F., SIERRA R., COSTA J. B. P., ROCHA M., VILANOVA TORRE E., WANG O., OLIVEIRA A. A., KALAMANDEEN M., VRIESENDORP C., RAMIREZ- ANGULO H., HOLMGREN M., NASCIMENTO M. T., GALBRAITH D., FLORES B. M., SCUDELLER V. V., CANO A., AHUITE REATEGUI M. A., MESONES I., BAIDER C., MENDOZA C., ZAGT R., URREGO GIRALDO L. E., FERREIRA C., VILLARROEL D., LINARES- PALOMINO R., FARFAN- RIOS W., FARFAN- RIOS W., CASAS L. F., CARDENAS S., BALSLEV H., TORRES- LEZAMA A., ALEXIADES M. N., GARCIA- CABRERA K., VALENZUELA GAMARRA L., VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL E. H., RAMIREZ AREVALO F., HER- NANDEZ L., SAMPAIO A. F., PANSINI S., PALACIOS CUENCA W., DE OLIVEIRA E. A., PAULETTO D., LEVESLEY A., MELGACO K. & PICKAVANCE G. 2020. - Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora. Scientific Reports 10 (1): 10130. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 020 - 66686 - 3"]}

Hormone-like herbicides, used for large crops, can contaminate non-target areas with their waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tubercu...

Le CD contient des enregistrements inédits de musiques du Sud-Cameroun réalisés en 1908-09 par Georg Zenker, Günter Tessmann et Hans Waldow au Cameroun et par Erich Moritz von Hornbostel à Berlin. Ils proviennent des Mabea, Batanga, Malimba et Bakoko, des Bulu et Ewondo, des Bagyeli, ainsi que des Fang-Ntumu et représentent un témoignage important de l’histoire culturelle du Cameroun.Die CD enthält bislang unveröffentlichte Walzenaufnahmen mit Musik aus Südkamerun, die 1908-09 von Georg Zenker, Günter Tessmann und Hans Waldow in Kamerun und von Erich Moritz von Hornbostel in Berlin angefertigt wurden. Sie stammen von den Mabea, Batanga, Malimba und Bakoko, den Bulu und Ewondo, den Bagyeli, sowie den Fang-Ntumu und stellen ein wichtiges Zeugnis zur Kulturgeschichte Kameruns dar.

Com a produção de papel e celulose, as indústrias deste setor têm gerado diariamente grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos e efluentes, constituindo-se em grande preocupação ambiental e econômica. Tendo como objetivo pesquisar possibilidades do uso destes subprodutos de forma sustentável, neste estudo foi testada a eficácia de um composto orgânico advindo de resíduos da extração da celulose, na recuperação de atributos químicos de um solo degradado e avaliar o desenvolvimento de Mabea fistulifera Mart. O experimento foi instalado em uma área remanescente da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS, em 2010, seguindo um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 6 tratamentos: SI – área sem intervenção; D0 – sem adubação; DAM – adubação mineral de acordo com a necessidade da cultura; D10 – adubação com composto de acordo com a necessidade da cultura; D15 e D20 – 15 Mg ha-1 e 20 Mg ha-1 do composto, respectivamente. Os atributos químicos do solo foram avaliados 12 meses após o plantio, em quatro camadas (0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m) e o crescimento inicial das espécies, trimestralmente até o período de 15 meses. Os resultados foram analisados efetuando-se a análise de variância dos dados e o teste de Scott-Knott, para comparação de médias e regressão entre as diferentes doses de composto a 5% de significância. Conclui-se que a dose de 20 Mg ha-1 foi a mais eficaz para melhorar a qualidade química do solo, até a camada de 0,20 m. Porém, foi observada uma elevação acentuada nos valores de pH no tratamento D20 nas camadas 0,0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 m, o que pode ter influenciando negativamente no desenvolvimento da espécie arbórea.

Tree crown growth reflects many aspects of the species’ life history. It was postulated that the potential for a pioneer species to invade a deforested area, or maintain a viable population in a forest under intermediate disturbance regime, is related to the tree trunk growth rates, patterns of crown construction, as well as the ability to regenerate broken branches. We investigated if Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae) crown architecture and tree allometry varies in two contrasted environments in a secondary fragment of Atlantic rainforest: forest edge and interior. First, we described the development of crown architecture by following the growth of the crown in 15 young individuals, with special attention to growth and branching models and to the morphologic differentiation of axes. Secondly, allometric differences in crown construction patterns between environments were studied by quantifying 10 traits in 20 individuals from each environment. Nozeran architectural model was found, a process of parenchymatization of the terminal meristem and a tier of branches form distally followed by an orthotropic shoot forming the next relay axis. This results in modular sympodial branching and polyaxial morphology of branches, allowing this tree species to occupy different environments by quick expansion wherever light availability is higher, towards the upper canopy (forest interior) or towards one side (forest edge). Crown asymmetry occurred towards border sunlit spaces or in response to inner canopy openings caused by hilly topography. Crown structure and growth patterns here found are suitable for a pioneer species adapted to intermediate disturbance regime.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil químico do extrato metanólico (EMA-Met) das folhas de Mabea angustifolia Spruce ex Benth., sua ação biológica e descrever sua morfoanatomia. As folhas de M. angustifolia foram coletadas no município de Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brasil. Em seguida, foram secas, trituradas e submetidas à extração com solventes em ordem crescente de polaridade. O extrato EMA-Met foi submetido às análises por espectrometria de massas (APCI-MS) e avaliado por triagem fitoquímica. A ação biológica dos extratos foi testada nas leveduras Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout 1923, Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice 1932 e nas bactérias Salmonella Lignieres 1900 spp., Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) e Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884. A análise morfoanatômica das folhas identificou características valiosas para a identificação da espécie, como a forma e margem foliar, número e posição de nectários e coléteres, tricomas tectores ramificados e células papilosas na face abaxial da epiderme. A análise fitoquímica revelou a presença de saponinas, taninos condensados, fenóis e flavonoides. A análise por APCI– MS permitiu identificar flavonoides de reconhecida atividade biológica na literatura, sendo dois O- glicosídeos da quercetina, o 3-O-α-L-arabinopirasil quercetina e a quercetina-3-O-glucuronídeo, além da quercetina e a miricetina-3-O-ramanosídeo. A solução do extrato na concentração de 10 mg/mL inibiu a E. coli, com diâmetro médio do halo de 5 mm, o halo de inibição para C. albicans apresentou diâmetro médio de 15 mm e para C. parapsilosis foi de 16 mm. Os resultados são promissores, evidenciando o potencial antimicrobiano de M. angustifolia.

Schinus terebinthifolius and Mabea fistulifera have been used for forest repositioning and urban forestry in Brazil. In October 2012, in a routine inspection at the research nursery of the Forestry Department of the Universidade Federal de Vic ß osa, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, a mortality of approximately 40% of the seedlings was observed as a result of diseases characterized by leaf blight and intense defoliation, which culminated in the death of the plants. Microscopy observations revealed oozing from the infected tissue and isolations revealed a bacterial aetiology for both diseases. Bacterial cells that formed bright yellow mucoid colonies with round edges were routinely isolated from lesion margins. Inoculation of isolated strains into healthy seedlings reproduced the symptoms observed under natural conditions. Bacterial cells showing the same morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics as those originally isolated from naturally infected plants were reisolated from inoculated plants. Morphological, physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rDNA sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis using four housekeeping genes, dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD, confirmed the newly isolated strains belong to Xanthomonas axonopodis. Plant cross-inoculations showed the strains did not belong to any known phylogenetically related pathovar. Pathovars X. axonopodis pv. schini pv. nov. and X. axonopodis pv. mabeae pv. nov. are proposed as the causal agents of bacterial leaf blight on S. terebinthifolius and M. fistulifera, respectively

In the summer of 2011, in a nursery located in Viçosa City, Minas Gerais State, brownish, necrotic, irregular spots were observed on leaves of Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae), an indigenous forest species commonly found in Brazil. Around 6,300 seedlings were evaluated and as many as 60% of them showed disease symptoms, including severe defoliation and plant death. Leaves with coalescing lesions turned papery in texture and had a blighted appearance. Bacterial colonies were isolated from these symptomatic leaves on King B's medium and identified based on biochemical and molecular analysis, as a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Like other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, the bacteria were facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, cream-colored on YDC medium, urease and oxidase negative, as well as catalase and asparagine positive. Bacterial DNA was extracted from pure culture grown overnight in liquid 523 medium at 28°C using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega) and conserved sequences in 16S rDNA (3) and rpoB (1) were amplified by PCR. The sequence of the 1,300-bp 16S rDNA fragment and the 750-bp rpoB gene were analyzed by NCBI BLAST. Related sequences were aligned and analyzed by ClustalW in MEGA 5 software. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood, using PAUP version 4.0 and TBR algorithm with 1,000 bootstrap replications, grouped the isolate in a clade with Enterobacter cowanii and the result showed 99% and 98% identity to the 16s rDNA and rpoB, respectively. The isolate clustered closely with the type strain of E. cowanii in both phylogenetic trees constructed. Pathogenicity tests were carried out by inoculating leaves of healthy seedlings either by spraying or cutting with a scissor previously dipped into a 108 CFU/ml bacterial suspension. The experiment was in a completely randomized design, with six replications. A pot with one plant was considered one experimental unit. Control seedlings were sprayed or cut with a scissor treated with saline solution. Prior to and after inoculation, plants were kept in a humid chamber for 24 h at 26°C in the dark and at room temperature. Subsequently, plants were transferred to growth chamber at 26°C, under a 12-h photoperiod (40 μmol/s/m2). Consistent with the symptoms observed originally, 7 days after inoculation, all seedlings developed leaf spots. No characteristic symptoms could be observed in the negative control. Furthermore, Koch's postulates were confirmed by reisolation of the bacterium from symptomatic tissues. In summary, the phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular tests identified the pathogen as E. cowanii. Recently, E. cowanii was isolated from Eucalyptus trees with symptoms of bacterial blight, although its pathogenicity was not demonstrated (2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family causing disease in M. fistulifera. The result has a great importance to better understand the role of E. cowanii as a pathogen-causing disease on a forest species. References: (1) C. L. Brady et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 31:447, 2008. (2) C. L. Brady et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 49:461, 2009. (3) W. G. Weisburg et al. J. Bacteriol. 173:697, 1991.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T17:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O plantio de espécies florestais contribui para a recuperação de áreas degradadas, e o emprego de resíduos industriais pode favorecer este processo. No entanto, ainda há poucas informações sobre este aspecto em Cerrado. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de mudas da espécie nativa Mabea fistulifera Mart. e do híbrido exótico Eucalyptus urograndis, sobre adubação com resíduo da produção industrial de celulose, em plantios monoespecíficos em área degradada. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas: espécies nas parcelas (15 m x 60 m, n = 4/espécie) e tratamentos nas subparcelas (15 m x 12 m, n = 1/tratamento/parcela), com um total de 18 plantas em cada subparcela. Os tratamentos de adubação aplicados na linha de plantio, foram três doses do resíduo (10, 15 e 20 Mg ha -1 ); adubação mineral convencional (NPK), ausência de adubação(controle). Avaliou-se taxa de sobrevivência e atributos de crescimento (altura, diâmetro de copa, diâmetro do caule à altura do solo), durante dois anos consecutivos. Os maiores incrementos de sobrevivência e crescimento de mudas de ambas espécies foi proporcionado pela adubação mineral, seguido da dose de 10 Mg ha -1 do resíduo, que deveria ser a recomendada. The planting of forest species contributes to the recovery of degraded areas, and the use of industrial waste can favor this process. However, there is still little information on this aspect in Cerrado. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of seedlings of the native species Mabea fistulifera Mart. and of the exotic hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis, under fertilization with residue of the industrial production of cellulose, in monospecific plantations in degraded area. Fertilization treatments, applied in the planting line, were three doses of the residue (10, 15 and 20 Mg ha -1 ); conventional mineral fertilizer (NPK); absence of fertilization (control). The experimental design was a randomized block design, with a portion of subdivided parts: species in the portions (15 m x 60 m, n = 4 / species) and treatments in the subportions (15 m x 12 m, n = 1 / treatment / portion) total of 18 plants in each subplot. Survival rate and growth attributes (height, crown diameter, stem diameter at ground level) were evaluated for two consecutive years. The largest increases in seedling survival and growth of both species were provided by mineral fertilization, followed by the 10 Mg ha -1 dose of the residue, which should be the recommended. Comlurb Urban Information System Rio de Janeiro Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Department of Plant Protection Rural Engineering and Soils Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Postgraduate Program in Environmental and Forest Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Soils Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Department of Plant Protection Rural Engineering and Soils

The present study describes the in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of 34 plant species collected in the Colombian coffee-growing eco-region belonging to Euphorbiaceae, Piperaceae and Solanaceae families. The antioxidant properties of extracts were evaluated by determining radical scavenging power measured with a DPPH assay. The methanolic extracts of Hyeronimia antioquiensis, Mabea montana, and Alchornea grandis species (Euphorbiaceae), presents EC50 values equal to 0.686, 12.35, and 13.01 µg/mL, respectively, showing high antioxidant potential.

Mabea is an important neotropical genus of the Euphorbiaceae, whose secretory structure diversity is still little known. Mabea fistulifera Mart., one of the most representative species in the genus, is a pioneer plant that is widely distributed across Brazil and Bolivia. We investigated the distribution, morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of colleters, reported for the first time to M. fistulifera, aiming to elucidate the gland functions, exudate nature and secretory activity dynamics. Samples of vegetative and reproductive apices and of leaves at different developmental stages were processed following usual procedures for analysis in light, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Colleters are present exclusively on leaves, occurring on the adaxial surface and apical region of stipules and on the leaf blade margin. Colleters have protodermal origin and are functional since early leaf differentiation. In the colleter secretory portion, central-axis cells and surface cells have similar origin and structure, both showing numerous mitochondria, dictyosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. The translucid secretion is of mucilaginous nature, being formed by polysaccharides, proteins and alkaloids, which is compatible with the observed cellular machinery. The presence of a hygroscopic exudate in contact with developing vegetative and reproductive organs is important for the protection of young tissues against desiccation, especially in view of the fact that the species occurs in open environments, which are subjected to water stress, elevated temperature and high light incidence.

Seeds are staple foods in the diets of primates with morphological and behavioral specializations for seed predation, but are considered a less important resource for most other primates. Here we report the first observation of seed predation by northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Twenty-four Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) seed eating events were observed during a systematic study of two groups of northern muriquis in an Atlantic forest fragment in southeastern Brazil in July 2003, accounting for 2.9% of 836 feeding records during this month. Only unripe seeds were consumed in all records. The absence of Mabea fistulifera seeds in any of the 102 fecal samples examined suggests that the seeds were predated. Analyses of 47 fruits of Mabea fistulifera collected in different stages of ripeness in June 2004 indicated that fruits at earlier stages of ripeness were significantly softer than ones of later stages, implying that fruit hardness made their seeds unprofitable to these non-speciali...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição florística e estrutural do estrato arbóreo de um remanescente de mata atlântica submontana na Região do Imbé, RJ, testando a hipótese de que diferenças em altitude (zona 1 localizada a 50m.s.m. e zona 2 localizada a 250m.s.m.) acarretam alterações na comunidade. O total de dez parcelas de 30×40m foram alocadas em duas zonas altitudinais, cinco no sítio 1 e outras cinco no sítio 2. Todas as árvores com DAP > 10cm foram marcadas e medidas. Dentre os 940 indivíduos amostrados, um total de 210 espécies foram identificadas, distribuídas em 158 gêneros e 43 famílias. As duas zonas estudadas apresentaram valores semelhantes de densidade total, área basal total e diversidade de espécies. Os valores de diversidade de espécies estão entre os mais altos encontrados em Mata Atlântica. A família Euphorbiaceae apresentou os maiores valores de VC em ambas as zonas altitudinais. A família mais rica em número de espécies foi Leguminosae (26 espécies). Das 210 espécies amostradas, apenas 57 foram comuns às duas zonas amostradas. Na zona 1, as espécies com os maiores VC foram Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemão (14,3), Actimostemon verticilatus (Kl.) Baill. (11,4) e Rustia formosa (Cham. & Schltal.) Klotzch (10,7), enquanto que para a zona 2, foram Actimostemon verticilatus (13,8), Euterpe edulis Mart. (12,4) e Mabea fistulifera Mart. (8,1). Os resultados indicaram que a composição florística mudou em função da altitude, mas não a estrutura da floresta e a diversidade de espécies. The Imbé is one of the main Atlantic forest remnants in the Rio de Janeiro State. The aim of this study was to test whether differences in forest structure and floristic composition exist between two tree communities at different altitudes (site 1 at 50m high and site 2 at 250m high). Five plots of 30m×40m (1200m²) were setup in each site. All trees with DBH > 10cm were tagged and measured. A total of 210 species was sampled, distributed in 158 genus and 43 families. Both sites is showed similar values for basal area, number of individuals and canopy height. The species diversity (H'= 4,21 and 4,30, respectively to site 1 and site 2) can be considered to be within the highest values found for Atlantic forests. Among the families, the Euphorbiaceae had the highest values of CV in both altitudinal sites. The family with the highest richness of species was the Leguminosae (26 species). Only 57 species were common to both forest sites. At site 1, the species with the highest CV were Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemão (14,3), Actimostemon verticilatus (11,4) and Rustia formosa (Cham. & Schltal.) Klotzch (10,7), while for the forest at site 2 they were Actimostemon verticilatus (Kl.) Baill. (13,8), Euterpe edulis Mart. (12,4) and Mabea fistulifera Mart. (8,1). The results showed that the floristic composition changed with altitude, but not the forest structure and species diversity.

The tribe Hippomaneae (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. The tribe Hippomaneae is discussed with respect to its taxonomic history, its placement within the Euphorbiaceae, its diagnostic characters (particularly the floral buds), current data on phylogeny and subdivision, and its general pattern of diversity. The tribe is represented in Brazil with 13 genera and ca. 120 species. A key to the Brazilian genera is provided. All Brazilian genera are discussed, citing relevant characters, recent taxonomic literature, and the current state of knowledge, sometimes pointing to unresolved problems. For five of the genera, published revisions exist; six genera have unpublished but completed revisions or are currently under revision. Actinostemon and Gymnanthes are currently the most difficult genera, mostly based on the absence of available up-to-date taxonomic references. For Mabea and Senefeldera, two genera with completed but currently unpublished revisions, additional data are given on aspects of their taxonomy, ecology and biogeography. A tribo Hippomaneae é discutida em relação à sua história taxonômica, posição sistemática nas Euphorbiaceae, em seus principais caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos, com ênfase no botão floral, em sua atual filogenia e subdivisão, e em seus padrões gerais de diversidade. A tribo está representada no Brasil por 13 gêneros e cerca de 120 espécies. Uma chave para os gêneros brasileiros é fornecida. Todos os gêneros do Brasil são discutidos sucintamente, citando-se suas características mais relevantes, a literatura taxonômica mais recente e o seu estado atual de conhecimento, bem como algumas sugestões para problemas ainda não resolvidos sobre os táxons. Há revisões publicadas para cinco dos gêneros, sendo que seis já foram revisados ou estão sendo revisados, mas permanecem inéditos. Actinostemon e Gymnanthes são atualmente os gêneros mais difíceis, especialmente pela ausência de referências taxonômicas atuais disponíveis. Para Mabea e Senefeldera, gêneros já revisados, mas não publicados, são fornecidos dados adicionais sobre a taxonomia, ecologia e biogeografia.

Neste estudo empregou-se resíduos de Mabea fistulifera Mart. como bioadsorvente para a remoção dos corantes Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) e Direct Red 80 (DR 80) em soluções aquosas e em amostras de efluentes reais fortificados com estes corantes. Foram investigados os ensaios da influência do pH, cinéticos e adsortivos para a remoção dos corantes por meio de uma série de experimentos de batelada. O bioadsorvente exibiu máxima adsorção em pH = 2,0 para ambos os corantes. O tempo de equilíbrio da adsorção foi estabelecido em 300 minutos para o DR 80 e 120 minutos para o RB 21. O modelo de Langmuir descreveu com maior fidelidade o comportamento do sistema sortivo, apresentando coeficiente de determinação (R 2 ) superior a 0,98. Por meio da Isoterma de Langmuir, foi possível obter a capacidade máxima de adsorção dos corantes Direct Red 80 e Reactive Blue 21 pelo bioadsorvente sendo encontrados os valores de 4,92 mg g-1 e 11,13 mg g-1 , respectivamente. O modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem melhor descreveu o processo de adsorção do corante RB 21 sob o bioadsorvente, embora a difusão intra-partícula também esteja envolvida no mecanismo de adsorção. Já para o corante DR 80 o modelo de difusão de Morris e Weber sugeriu que a difusão intra-partícula é predominante em todo o processo de adsorção. Depois de otimizadas as condições adsortivas, o bioadsorvente foi empregado a amostras de efluentes têxteis reais fortificadas com soluções aquosas dos corantes, obtendo-se 85 % de remoção do RB 21 e 94 % de remoção do DR 80 na matriz do efluente. BR Residues of Mabea fistulifera Mart. were used in this study as a bioadsorbent for the removal of the Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) and Direct Red 80 (DR 80) dyes from aqueous solutions and samples of real effluents enriched with these dyes. The influence of pH, kinetic, and adsorptive parameters for the removal these dyes were investigated by conducting a series of batch experiments. The maximum adsorption using this bioadsorbent was observed at pH = 2.0 for both dyes. The time of adsorption equilibrium was established at 300 minutes for DR 80 and 120 minutes for RB 21. The Langmuir model stood out because it described the behavior of the sorptive system with higher fidelity than the Freundlich model showing the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) above 0.98. It was possible to obtain the maximum adsorption capacity of the bioadsorbent, for the Direct Red 80 and Reactive Blue 21 dyes, using the Langmuir Isotherm; these values were determined as 4.92 mg g -1 and 11.13 mg g -1 , respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model best described the adsorption process of the RB 21 dye by the bioadsorbent, however, the intra-particle diffusion is also involved in the mechanism of adsorption. The Morris and Weber diffusion model suggested that the intra- particle diffusion is prevalent throughout the process of adsorption for the DR 80 dye. The bioadsorbent was employed on real textile effluent samples enriched with aqueous solutions of these dyes after the adsorptive conditions were optimized; 85 % RB 21 and 94 % DR 80 removal rates were obtained from the effluent’s matrix.

Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae) e uma planta arborea com altura variando de 5 a 14 m, tipica da vegetacao secundaria de terrenos arenosos, principalmente de savana. No Brasil, e encontrada nos estados do Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Sao Paulo. O processo de extracao Soxhlet das sementes desta especie vegetal com hexano produziu um oleo rico em triacilglicerideos dos acidos linolenico e linoleico e que apresenta indice de iodo igual a 182,15 g de I2 per 100 g de oleo. Descreve-se neste trabalho a producao de um biopoliol a partir do oleo de M. fistulifera Mart., empregando-se um processo de hidroxilacao in situ. Ensaios univariados permitiram determinar o tempo otimo de reacao como sendo 720 min. Alem disso, realizou-se ainda um planejamento fatorial 2 2 composto central (CCD) contendo 12 ensaios experimentais que permitiram investigar diferentes razoes molares dos reagentes empregados na sintese do biopoliol, bem como avaliar sua aplicabilidade como materia-prima na sintese de poliuretanos com caracteristica rigida. Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae) is an arboreal plant with height varying from 5 to 14 m, typical of secondary vegetation of sandy lands, mainly savannah. In Brazil, it is found in the Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo States. Soxhlet extraction of M. fistulifera seeds with hexane provided an oil rich in tryacylglycerides of linolenic and linoleic acids, presenting iodine index of 182.15 g of I2 per 100 g of oil. In this study, the synthesis of polyols from M. fistulifera oil using an in situ hydroxylation procedure is described. Univariate assays were applied to determine the optimal reaction time of 720 min. In addition, a 2 2 factorial central composite design was carried out containing 12 experimental assays that allowed the investigation of different molar ratios of the reagents used in polyol synthesis, as well as the applicability of polyols for the preparation of rigid polyurethanes.

A Estação Biológica de Caratinga encontra-se dentro do domínio Atlântico, sob um clima sazonal com uma estação úmida e quente (outubro-março) e outra seca e fria (abril-setembro). O solo é do tipo Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo álico. A clareira em estudo localiza-se em topo de morro, possuindo pequenas árvores esparsas, grande quantidade de "touceiras" mortas de Pteridium aquilinum, plantas herbáceas, jovens e plântulas de espécies arbóreas. Esta área foi alterada por fogo e plantio de café há pouco mais de 30 anos. Foram amostrados 500 m² mapeando-se e anotando-se altura e circunferência de todos os indivíduos. Realizaram-se 2 amostragens com o mesmo método, a primeira em outubro de 1989 e a segunda em outubro de 1990. Verificou-se pouca variação na densidade (657 e 668 indivíduos, respectivamente) e na composição em espécies. Mabea fistulifera (maior densidade em ambas as amostragens), Bauhinia fusco-nervis, Inga sp e uma espécie não identificada de gramínea tiveram a densidade aumentada, enquanto Pteridium aquilinum (a segunda de maior densidade), Ferdinandusa cf. ruggeoides e Vismia sp, tiveram-na reduzida. A presença de "touceiras" mortas de P. aquilinum, de indivíduos jovens de espécie arbóreas comuns às matas ao redor e a existência de áreas vizinhas ocupadas exclusivamente por populações de P. aquilinum sugerem que a clareira em estudo encontra-se em estágio intermediário entre o declínio da população de P. aquilinum e a ocupação da área pelas espécies de mata.

The present study reports on the exploitation of the nectar of Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) by two platyrrhine primate species (Brachyteles arachnoides and Callithrix flaviceps) in the Atlantic Forest of south-east Brazil. Nectar-feeding by both primates was observed between late April and May, during which a peak in the floristic activity of M. fistulifera was recorded, in terms of both the number of trees flowering and the number of flowers available on each tree. Phenological records indicate, by contrast, that edible fruit was relatively scarce during this period, the early dry season at the study site. On the days when nectar was consumed, it accounted for 25% of records of plant feeding for B. arachnoides and 29% for C. flaviceps, although the former species was observed nectar feeding over a much longer period. The evidence indicates that M. fistulifera is a valuable, but not essential resource for both primates at a time of year when edible fruit is relatively difficult to obtain. M. fistulifera, in turn, can be seen as an opportunistic plant whose floral characteristics permit pollination by a wide range of volant and non-volant vertebrates, including primates.

Mabea angularis Hollander é citada pela primeira vez no estado do Pará. É apresentada a primeira descrição de flores, que eram desconhecidas da literatura. Mabea angularis Hollander is a new record for the State of Pará. The first description of its flowers, which were unknown in the literature, is presented.

In the current study, we tested the effect of 27 plant extracts and fractions from different botanical families on the activity of Pdr5p from yeast plasma membrane, responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype in yeast cells. Some of the extracts were able to produce a good inhibition in the fixed concentration (200 µg/mL) and were selected for a deeper investigation. Dose-response curves were obtained for the crude ethanol extracts of Bathysa australis (A. St.-Hill.) Benth. & Hook f., Mabea fistulifera Mart. and Virola oleifera (Schott) A. C. Sm. with concentrations ranging up to 400 µg/mL. The lower IC50 value was obtained for Virola oleifera, 22.8 µg/mL, followed by Bathysa australis, 35.3 µg/mL, and Mabea fistulifera, 42.5 µg/mL. After fractionation of the crude extracts by liquid-liquid partition with different organic solvents and each fraction was tested again, only some of the fractions retained the ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity. When analyzed by HPLC/DAD, the active fractions showed the presence of flavonoid derivatives, already reported for their ability to inhibit Pdr5p ATPase activity, as well as other classes of secondary metabolites such as lignans and alkaloids. No presente estudo, testamos o efeito de 27 extratos e frações de plantas de diferentes famílias botânicas sobre a atividade da proteína Pdr5p de membranas plasmáticas de leveduras, responsável pelo fenótipo de resistência a múltiplas drogas em leveduras. Alguns dos extratos foram capazes de produzir uma boa inibição na concentração fixa de 200 µg/mL e foram selecionados para uma investigação mais aprofundada. Curvas de dose-resposta foram obtidas para os extratos brutos etanólicos de Bathysa australis (A. St.-Hill.) Benth. & Hook f., Mabea fistulifera Mart. e Virola oleifera (Schott) A. C. Sm., com concentrações até 400 µg/mL. O menor valor de IC50 foi obtido para Virola oleifera, 22,8 µg/mL, seguido por Bathysa australis, 35,3 µg/mL e Mabea fistulifera, 42,5 µg/mL. Após o fracionamento dos extratos brutos por partição líquido-líquido com diferentes solventes orgânicos, cada fração foi novamente testada, sendo que apenas algumas das frações mantiveram a habilidade de inibir a atividade enzimática. Quando analisadas por HPLC/DAD, as frações ativas demonstraram a presença de derivados de flavonóides, que já demonstraram ter a habilidade de inibir a atividade ATPasica da Pdr5p, assim como outras classes de metabólitos secundários, tais como lignanas e alcalóides.

É grande a demanda por estudos ecológicos em florestas que possam embasar trabalhos de recuperação, conservação da biodiversidade e apoio à legislação ambiental. Entre esses estudos, primordialmente está o levantamento da flora. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição florística de um trecho da Reserva da Biologia, em Viçosa, MG, em regeneração natural há 80 anos, bem como realizar uma análise comparativa com outros trabalhos conduzidos na região, fornecendo, assim, informações que poderão embasar estudos sobre recuperação e conservação da biodiversidade dos fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Os dados florísticos foram obtidos mediante a amostragem fitossociológica em 1 ha, pelo método de parcelas contíguas, em que todos os indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência de tronco >15 cm a 1,30 m do solo foram amostrados. Registraram-se 130 espécies, distribuídas em 94 gêneros, pertencentes a 38 famílias botânicas. A análise desses dados conjuntamente com de outros levantamentos realizados em trechos distintos da Reserva da Biologia, no campus da UFV, denota a marcante influência de variáveis ambientais locais (topografia, declividade, face de exposição solar e disponibilidade hídrica) na distribuição da riqueza florística desse fragmento. Casearia decandra, Guapira opposita, Apuleia leiocarpa, Dalbergia nigra, Jacaranda macratha, Matayba elaeagnoides, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Bathysa nicholsonii, Carpotroche brasiliensis, Luehea grandiflora, Mabea fistulifera, Ocotea odorifera, Sorocea bonplandii e Zanthoxylum rhoifolium foram as espécies de maior ocorrência nos fragmentos estudados na região de Viçosa e adjacências, apresentando potencial para uso na recuperação florestal de áreas degradadas. There is a great demand for ecological studies on forests focusing on biodiversity conservation and establishment of environmental laws. The major need, however, is the qualitative survey of the flora. Thus, this work aimed to determine the floristic composition of a site in the Biological Reserve of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in Vicosa-MG, under natural regeneration for 78 years, as well as to establish a comparative analysis with other works in the region, providing information to serve as a basis for further works on recovery and conservation of the biodiversity of seasonal semi deciduous forest sites. The floristic data were obtained by phytosociological sampling in 1 ha, through contiguous plots, with all the wood individuals with stem diameter = 4.7 cm, 1.30m far from the soil were recorded. A total of 130 species was sampled, belonging to 94 genera and 38 botanical families. The analysis of those data combined with other surveys in different sites of the Biological Reserve on the UFV campus showed a remarkable influence of local environmental variables (topography, slopes, sun exposure and water availability on the floristic richness distribution of this site. Casearia decandra, Guapira opposita, Apuleia leiocarpa, Dalbergia nigra, Jacaranda macratha, Matayba elaeagnoides, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Bathysa nicholsonii, Carpotroche brasiliensis, Luehea grandiflora, Mabea fistulifera, Ocotea odorifera, Sorocea bonplandii and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium presented the highest occurrence in the sites studied in the Viçosa region and are recommended for recovery of degraded environments in regions.

Two populations of Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) located at Rio Doce State Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil) in places characterized as in different successional stages, were investigated through genetic and ecological traits. Twenty randomly chosen individuals from each population had its genetic data assessed by 43 RAPD markers and were also evaluated through five morphologic traits and its spatial distribution. Both Shannon's index and AMOVA reveled that most of the genetic variation was found between individuals within populations and about 9% of variation was located between populations. Moreover, populations differed genetically, but presented similar values of genetic diversity. Morphologic data showed differences between populations. Significant correlations among matrix of genetic, geographic and morphologic distances were obtained considering both populations, and spatially closer individuals were more similar genetically, characterizing genetic substructured populations.Duas populações de Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) localizadas no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (Minas Gerais, Brasil), mas em locais caracterizados como em diferentes estágios sucessionais, foram investigadas quanto a parâmetros genéticos e ecológicos. Em cada população, 20 indivíduos escolhidos de forma aleatória, foram avaliados quanto à presença de 43 marcadores RAPD, cinco características morfológicas e quanto à distribuição espacial. O índice de Shannon e a AMOVA revelaram que a maior parte da variação genética está localizada entre indivíduos dentro das populações, com apenas cerca de 9% da variação entre populações. As populações diferem geneticamente, mas possuem valores similares de diversidade genética. Os dados morfológicos revelaram marcantes diferenças entre as populações. Foram obtidas correlações significativas entre matrizes de distâncias genéticas, geográficas e morfológicas, considerando-se ambas as populações. Os dados revelaram ainda que dentro de uma mesma população, indivíduos espacialmente mais próximos tendem a ser mais semelhantes geneticamente. Os resultados são discutidos a respeito da biologia da espécie e das características das populações.

Esta investigação teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura horizontal da sinúsia arbórea em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana localizado no município de Viçosa, Zona da Mata mineira (20º45'S e 42º55'W). O clima da região é tropical de altitude, com verões chuvosos e invernos frios e secos - Cwa pelo sistema de Köppen. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, foram lançadas cinco faixas compostas de quatro parcelas retangulares contíguas de 10 x 25 m, espaçadas de 80 m, nas quais foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com circunferência à altura de 1,30 m do solo (CAP) igual ou superior a 15 cm. Foram amostradas 124 espécies, distribuídas em 80 gêneros e 41 famílias botânicas. As espécies que apresentaram maior valor de importância (VI) foram: Mabea fistulifera (14,51%), Xylopia sericea (5,09%), Piptadenia gonoacantha (4,89%), Xylopia brasiliensis (3,79%) e Lacistema pubescens (3,65%), enquanto as famílias que se destacaram em valor de importância foram Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Mimosaceae, Lauraceae e Myrtaceae. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,56 e a área basal, de 28,7 m² por hectare, já tendo sido observado espécies representantes dos estádios sucessionais mais avançados. This research aimed to characterize the floristic composition of the tree synusiae in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest patch located in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (20º45'S and 42º55'W). The regional climate is classified as Cwa by the Köppen system. For the phytosociological survey, five groups of four contiguous 10 x 25 m plots were installed, at 80 m intervals, in which all the individuals with 15 cm CBH (circunference at breast height) or more were sampled. A total of 124 species were identified, belonging to 80 genus and 41 botanical families. Based on their importance value (VI), the most representative species were Mabea fistulifera (14,51%), Xylopia sericea (5,09%), Piptadenia gonoacantha (4,89%), Xylopia brasiliensis (3,79%) and Lacistema pubescens (3,65%). The most important families were Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Mimosaceae, Lauraceae, and Myrtaceae. The Shannon diversity index (H') was 3,56 and the estimated basal area was 28,7 m². Typical species secondary sucession advanced stages were registered.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a dinâmica florestal, sobretudo da regeneração natural, em um fragmento de floresta tropical primária, entre 1998 c 1999, em Peixe-Boi (PA). Foram demarcadas três parcelas permanentes (1 ha cada) onde todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm foram registrados; os indivíduos com 10cm ≥ DAP ≥ 5cm foram amostrados em 6.000 m2, aqueles entre 5cm ≥ DAP ≥ 2cm em 2.400 m2 e com DAP ≤ 2cm em 240 m2. Foram estimados 143.000 indivíduos, desde plântulas até árvores pertencentes a 337 espécies e 76 famílias. Mimosaceae foi a família de maior riqueza (44 espécies); 14 famílias ocorreram com uma única espécie sendo que metade delas apresentaram também um único indivíduo. Independentemente da classe diamétrica verificou-se o egresso de 56 espécies versus o ingresso de 68, gerando um ganho líquido de 12 espécies. A dinâmica da composição e da abundância da regeneração natural foi muito intensa. Observou-se a saída de uma família face ao ingresso de outras 14, aumentando cm quase 30% o número de espécies. A maior mortalidade foi verificada em Bauhinia cf. rutilans e Mabea aff. speciosa (300 e 21 indivíduos). Rinorea negleta e Leçythis idatimon recrutaram 171 e 89 espécimes. A razão recrutamento/ mortalidade foi, em quaisquer das classes diamétricas, sempre superior a unidade. O estoque de mudas para se obter uma árvore, uma arvoreta e uma vara foi, respectivamente de 297, 160 e 48 mudas. O número de espécies e a abundância aumentaram no período, assim como a área basal e a biomassa. The present paper aims at evaluating the forest dynamics - mainly that brought by natural regeneration -in a fragment of dense, terra firme tropical primary forest from 1998 through 1999, municipality of Peixe-Boi (PA). Three 1 ha permanent plots were marked off and every individual within having DBH ≥ 10 cm was registered. Individuals having DBH between 5 and 10cm were sampled out in an area of 6.000 m2, those having DBH between 2 and 5cm were sampled out in an area totaling 2.400 in2, and individuals having DBH under 2 cm were sampled in 240 m2. There are about 143.000 individuals ranging from seedlings to trees, of 337 species and 76 families. Mimosaceae was the family with higher diversity (44 species). Fourteen families occurred as an only species, including 7 families occurring also as an only individual. Considering the whole sample (that is, independently from diametric class) the egression of 56 species versus ingression of 68 was verified, producing a net gain of 12 species. The dynamics of species richeness in natural regeneration is remarkably intense, and the dynamics of abundance of natural regeneration, is more intense than that of floristic richeness. It was also observed that only one family left, while 14 other families entered, thus enriching biodiversity in almost 30%. The highest mortality verified was of Bauhinia cf. rutilans and Mabea aff speciosa (300 and 21 individuals). Rinorea negleta and Lecythis idatimon displayed the recruitment of 171 and 89 specimens. The recruitment/mortality rate was higher than one unit in all diametric classes. The proportion of seedlings needed to obtain a tree, a sapling and a stemlet is 297, 160 e 48 respectively. Richeness and abundance increased during the one year period, as did basal area and biomass.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:20:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:29:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-45349094269.pdf: 176450 bytes, checksum: 35b81f74a2eebd59c5a5b5fc86405f3c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-06-01 In southern Brazil, I recorded 14 species of hummingbirds, one woodpecker, three Psittacidae, four Tyrannidae, one mockingbird, and 31 tanagers and relatives at eucalyptus flowers. Others have registered 3 different hummingbirds, another parrotlet, four more tyrannids, a peppershrike, a thrush, and 5 tanagers and related birds, for a total of 69 species. However, commercial plantations rarely flower, so use is local or undependable. Understory Phaethorninae are not recorded at eucalyptus, rarely at other tall and hence multiflowered trees. Bromelias and other flowers are noted in various studies, which add 89 species of flower feeders, including 14 Psittacidae, 17 Trochilidae, and 37 tanagers and relatives. Isolated low flowers and epiphytes are mostly visited by hummingbirds (some by Coereba), but some tall trees (Chorisia) also. As two times as many tanager species visit flowers as hummingbirds, researchers will have to get up early and patiently study treetop and nonpatchy habitats. However, tree plantations can attract artificially, like feeders. Bunch-flowering extrafloral nectar (Mabea, Combretum) is preferred by wandering mixed-flock treetop or edge tanagers and relatives, which often crawl over bunched flowers like parrots or woodpeckers (or marsupials and other mammals) rather than hover at separate flowers like nonflocking Trochilidae or peck from nearby like Nectariniidae and Coereba. Clamberers and petal-pullers, even nectar robbers, can cause evolution of umbels and other bunched flowers, for the bird, mammal or insect receives pollen from nearby flowers. Psittacidae, saltators and others mostly eat flowers, but can pollinate if they touch nearby flowers. Multiflowered trees can also attract hawks, causing waves of tanagers, parrots and others that move on to pollinate trees via fear and nectarivory. Certain groups, notably thrushes and tyrannids, seem to use nectar little, the latter often catching insects. Departamento de Zoologia UNESP, Caixa Postal 199, 13500-900, Rio Claro, SP Departamento de Zoologia UNESP, Caixa Postal 199, 13500-900, Rio Claro, SP

Three new species of phytoseiid mites from Brazil are described: Amblyseius neochiapensis sp. n. from Manihot sp. and Amblyseius bahiensis sp. n. from unidentified plant, both collected in the State of Bahia, and Typhlodromalus feresi sp. n. from Mabea sp. collected in the State of São Paulo. Três novas espécies de fitoseídeos do Brasil são descritas: Amblyseius neochiapensis sp. n. sobre Manihot sp. e Amblyseius bahiensis sp. n. sobre planta não identificada, ambos provenientes do Estado da Bahia, e Typhlodromalus feresi sp. n. sobre Mabea sp. proveniente do Estado de São Paulo.

The new ingenane diterpene, 5-deoxy-13-hydroxyingenol, was isolated from the alcohol preserved fresh latex of the stems of Mabea excelsa and characterized from its semi-synthetic triacetate. This is the first instance of an ingenane diterpene obtained from species other than those of Euphorbia and Elaeophorbia. This diterpene occurred in the latex in the form of an inseparable mixture of six aliphatic mono-esters of the tertiary C-13 hydroxy group.

The diversity of mites on Mabea fistulifera from two fragments of Semideciduos forests (Bosque Municipal = BM; Sitio Santo Antonio = SA) and the suitability of its pollen as food for phytoseiid mites were studied. BM is in an urban area whereas SA is in a rural area, near Sao Jose do Rio Preto. Monthly samples were collected in 2001. In each area and sampling date, 60 leaves were taken from three different specimens of M. fistulifera (20 leaves per tree) at a maximum high of 7 meters. Whenever possible, inflorescences and fruits were also sampled. All mites found were mounted in microscopy slides using Hoyer's medium, identified and counted under phase contrast microscope. Species diversity and eveness were analysed using the Shannon Wiener and Pielou index, respectively. The Maximum Theoretical Diversity and Constancy index were also determined. Student t-test was applied to compare monthly abundances of phytophagous mites. Possible relationship between mite abundance and rainfall was investigated by Pearson correlation test. Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma was the species choosen to test the suitability of M. fistulifera pollen as food, because it was the most abundant and frequent phytoseiid on this plant. This test was performed in a rearing chamber at 25 + 1oC, 60 + 10 % UR e 12 h photophase. Pollen of Typha angustifolia L. and Ricinus communis L. were used for comparison, because of their known suitability to this predator. The suitability of those 3 types of pollen was evaluated when they were stored for different periods at 10oC. The suitability of each kind of food was determined based on the oviposition rate of E. citrifolius at 11 consecutive days. Thirty - six species belonging to 32 genus in 15 families, totalling 8655 mites were found in this study. In both sites, the diversity exceeded 50% of the maximum theoretical diversity. However, SA showed higher diversity. Both sites had abundant phytophagous mites. However, their number was hi