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Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) based on the theory of “Deficient Qi Induced Stagnation”. Methods CNKI, Wangfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of treating ALS based on the theory of “deficient qi induced stagnation” applying the method of replenishing deficiency and passing stagnation for the treatment of ALS published from the establishment of the databases to October 2023. Meta analysis was performed using Revman Manager 5.4 software and Stata 18 software. Results A total of 14 randomized controlled studies involving 844 patients were identified. The total effective rate and ALS functional scale score of combined therapy of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Treatment of ALS based on the theory of “Deficient Qi Induced Stagnation” can effectively slow down the disease progression, improve neurological function, improve the quality of life, and doesn’s increase the occurrence of adverse effects.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of different straw returning methods on the temperature of black soil during seasonal freeze-thaw period. [Methods] By monitoring the field temperature, the soybean field was selected as the research object, and two types of returning methods were set, namely, straw mulching (FG) and straw mixing(FH). The amount of returned straw was 30% (59 670 kg/hm2), 60% (119 340 kg/hm2) and 90% (179 010 kg/hm2), respectively, and the bare land was designated as the control treatment (CK) in a total of seven treatments. Four soil depths of 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm below the surface along the vertical profile of soil were set to analyze the characteristics of soil temperature changes during the freezing and thawing period under different straw return methods and amounts. [Results] (1) Straw returning to the field resulted in the soil entering various freeze-thaw stages at a time lagging behind that of the bare land, and effectively raised the range of the minimum soil temperature and lowered the maximum temperature, of which both the maximum temperature raising and lowering occurred in the FG90 treatment, which were 3.0~6.1 ℃ and 1.5~5.2 ℃, respectively. (2) Straw returning weakened the soil temperature variability and correlation with air temperature. The maximum coefficient of variation and coefficient of variation and correlation occurred in the bare soil layer of 5 cm, which were 6.54 and 0.82, respectively. The minimum occurred in the 30 cm soil layer of the FG90 treatment, with values of 0.82 and 0.26, respectively. The relationship between soil temperature variability was CK>FG30>FH30>FH60>FG60> FH90>FG90, and the relationship between soil temperature and air temperature was CK>FH30>FG30>FH60>FH90>FG60>FG90>FG90. (3) The freezing and thawing rates of bare land were the highest and the freezing-thawing periods were the shortest, with a freezing rate of 0.19 ℃/h and thawing rate of 0.60 ℃/h. The minimum freezing rate occurred in FH90 treatment (0.04 ℃/h) and the minimum thawing rate occurred in FG90 treatment (0.05 ℃/h). (4) With the increase of soil depth, the soil freezing stage and thawing stage gradually increased, but the freezing duration gradually decreased. The effect of delaying freeze-thawing was most obvious in the FG90 treatment, with the freezing stage and thawing stage of 8 and 10 days, respectively. [Conclusion] The results of the research quantitatively described the temperature characteristics of black soil under different straw return measures during freezing and thawing periods, and clarified the differences in soil temperature effects between different straw return measures, which is of great significance in guiding the rational use of straw resources and conservation tillage in black soil areas.

Taking Zhejiang province as an example, based on county-level economic and social statistics, we established an index system for main factors driving the development of the digital economy. We used entropy, spatial autocorrelation, a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, and cluster analysis to explore the spatial differences between the development level and driving factors of the digital economy in Zhejiang. First, we observed spatial differences in the development of the digital economy in Zhejiang, with the level being high in the northeast and low in the southwest. Second, the influence of each driving factor represents strong spatial characteristics, and industrial innovation was the most important factor, with a distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west. As a secondary driving factor, government input is consistent with the spatial layout of the economic factors. Commercial culture is strong in the south and weak in the north. Third, we observed multiple combinations of characteristics in the spatial differences of the four driving factors to establish the mechanism that drives the development of the digital economy in Zhejiang: the local digital economy/new business type is driven by the coupling of industrial innovation atmosphere and consumer demand, formed by developed market advantages. The three main bodies of consumers, government, and enterprises have formed a virtuous circle, promoting each other through the digitization of traditional industries and emerging digital industries, leading the development in the surrounding counties. Fourth, under the action of the four factors, three types of regional development types and 13 subcategories have generally been formed in Zhejiang: enterprise-consumer-led, business-government-led, government-consumer-led. Certain places, such as Hangzhou and Ningbo, are leading the implementation of the concept of digital development, creating the core of the digital economy in Zhejiang; Jiaxing and Jinhua are relying on transportation hub cities or global wholesale centers to rapidly develop intelligent logistics and transportation. In addition, with the support of the government, the later-developing areas are improving their infrastructure and developing the digital industry represented by ecology and tourism. For this reason, in the process of empowering digital economy development, complete attention should be paid to the development path of ecology, tourism, and other suitable digital industries in underdeveloped areas under the leadership of the government. We observed that enterprises and consumers create emerging digital industries in the leading areas of the digital economy in Zhejiang and then promote the digital transformation and upgrading of industries and governments. However, in the later-developing areas dominated by policy investment, the development of the digital economy is mostly oriented toward meeting the needs of industries and consumers, and the force driving emerging digital industries is weak.

Economic globalization and regional integration are the core motivations of regional cooperation in the 21st century, and the issue of cross-border cooperation has attracted much academic attention. As the largest regional integration organization with the highest level in the world, EU takes the lead in practicing regional integration in the process of economic globalization. Europe's cross-border governance has been paid attention in a long time in economic geography and political geography, and a large number of theoretical and empirical research results have been achieved on issues such as border cooperation model and cross-border governance mechanism. The development experience of EU provides rich theoretical and practical experience for the collaborative governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as the two also involve the collaboration across institutional boundaries and power restructuring. Therefore, the analysis of EU cross-border cooperation is of great significance to promote Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao coordination. Based on the bibliometric analysis of Citespace, this paper systematically studies the research trends of EU cross-border cooperation from 1993 to 2020. The study finds that: 1) EU cross-border cooperation research mainly focuses on border regional interaction, cross-border cooperation mode, cross-border cooperation field, cross-border cooperation barriers and other issues. The regional integration of Europe has promoted the transformation of border areas from marginal areas to the forefront of development, and gradually formed a cross-border governance model under the superposition of formal institutional arrangements and informal institutional arrangements. The field of cooperation involves economic cooperation, tourism, environmental governance, health and other fields. 2) The development of EU cross-border cooperation benefits from the political interaction and mutual trust between countries, formal and informal institutional coordination, and the expansion and deepening of the scope of cooperation. However, there are still deficiencies in bilateral differences, cross-border accessibility, immigration and security. 3) As the same cross-institutional border region, the practical experience of EU cross-border cooperation has important enlightenment for the collaborative governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Value identity is the basis of cross-institutional cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Inclusive and orderly institutional arrangements are conducive to reducing the shielding effect of cooperation boundaries. And the combination of multi-scale cooperation and multi-dimensional governance system will effectively improve the cooperation in border areas.

Manipulating single emitter radiation is essential for quantum information science. Significant progress has been made in enhancing the radiation efficiency and directivity by coupling quantum emitters with microcavities and plasmonic antennas. However, there has been a great challenge to generate complex radiation patterns such as vortex beam from a single emitter. Here, we report a chiral plasmonic nanocavity, which provides a strong local chiral vacuum field at an exceptional point. We show that a single linear dipole emitter embedded in the nanocavity will radiate to vortex beam via anomalous spontaneous emission with a Purcell enhancement factor up to ∼1000. Our scheme provides a new field manipulation method for chiral quantum optics and vortex lasers at the nanoscale.

Plasmonic nanolasers are a new class of coherent emitters where surface plasmons are amplified by stimulated emission in a plasmonic nanocavity. In contrast to lasers, the physical size and mode volume of plasmonic nanolasers can shrink beyond the optical diffraction limit, and can be operated with faster speed and lower power consumption. It was initially proposed by Bergman and Stockman in 2003, and first experimentally demonstrated in 2009. Here we summarize our studies on the fundamental properties and applications of plasmonic nanolasers in recent years, including dark emission characterization, scaling laws, quantum efficiency, quantum threshold, gain and loss optimization, low loss plasmonic materials, sensing, and eigenmode engineering.

Plasmonic nanolasers are a new class of laser devices which amplify surface plasmons instead of photons by stimulated emission. A plasmonic nanolaser cavity can lower the total cavity loss by suppressing radiation loss via the plasmonic field confinement effect. However, laser size miniaturization is inevitably accompanied with increasing total cavity loss. Here we reveal quantitatively the loss and gain in a plasmonic nanolaser. We first obtain gain coefficients at each pump power of a plasmonic nanolaser via analyses of spontaneous emission spectra and lasing emission wavelength shift. We then determine the gain material loss, metallic loss and radiation loss of the plasmonic nanolaser. Last, we provide relationships between quality factor, loss, gain, carrier density and lasing emission wavelength. Our results provide guidance to the cavity and gain material optimization of a plasmonic nanolaser, which can lead to laser devices with ever smaller cavity size, lower power consumption and faster modulation speed.

This study assesses India’s environmental problems by focusing on the ecological footprint pressure index (EFPI), which provides a simultaneous analysis of biocapacity and ecological footprint. In particular, the study examines the impact of export diversification, economic growth, and renewable energy on EFPI under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for India. To analyze the long-run relationships, the Residual Augmented Ordinary Least Squares (RALS)-Fourier cointegration test is applied to annual data from 1965 to 2014. Contrary to the EKC hypothesis, the results show a U-shaped relationship between income and EFPI. The absence of the EKC hypothesis implies that economic development does not help to ensure environmental quality; hence, other measures are required to minimize irreversible environmental problems. In this regard, the results of the study suggest that renewable energy consumption and export diversification reduce EFPI. Based on the overall findings of the study, it is recommended that the Indian government improve environmental values by changing the export structure and energy mix.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the anticoccidial potential of Artemisia brevifolia extract (ABE) and its effect on biochemical parameters against experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. For this purpose, a total of 150 broiler chicks were procured and divided into 5 equal groups (30 birds per group). At one week of age, the first three groups (A, B and C) were orally fed with ABE at dose rates of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg respectively for seven consecutive days. Group D served as infected/medicated and was treated with Baycox® (1ml/L of water). Group E served as the infected/non-medicated control group. At two weeks of age, all groups were infected with 50,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The anticoccidial potential was evaluated based on lesion score, oocyst score, fecal score, feed conversion ratio, and mortality (%). Furthermore, the effect of ABE on hematological parameters and serum chemistry was also evaluated by following standard procedures. The anticoccidial effects were compared with the standard drug Baycox® (p>0.05). Results of the study showed the anticoccidial activity of ABE in terms of lesion diminishing, oocyst and fecal scores, better feed conversion ratios, and mortality reduction (%). The ABE also improved hematological parameters and stabilized the serum enzymes (ALT, LDH, Creatinine) of infected chicks (p>0.05).

Creativity is a rising value due to its close relationship with problem solving and entrepreneurship. It is convenient that this creativity be fostered from the first years of schooling when the fantasy and symbolic world of the child is in full boiling and where everything is possible. Thus, the promotion of creativity is conveniently contemplated in the curriculum of the stage. On the other hand, the educational administrations are promoting the use of didactic methodologies in which the students, as protagonists of their learning, participate actively in the creation of content and educational materials. This new scenario is generating new challenges and learning for teachers. It is essential to know and master what tools and strategies are necessary in the world of information and knowledge. The teaching staff can no longer be the same as in the past given that they perform another very different task: that of teaching to learn with the means available to their students and not teaching content as in the past. The results consistent with the literature make it impossible to conceive a curriculum that promotes creativity without education for the media and without the emerging technologies that can be applied in the classroom.

The video game is a tool whose expansion and cultural roots in today’s society allows its inclusion as a didactic element to work with students. The study has been directed to the students of the 2nd year of the Infant Education degree of the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of Cadiz. We have used the video game Portal 2 to work with our students on concepts such as orientation and spatial perception. Concepts of great importance in the stage of Infant Education, stage in which the children have their first contact with the school. In such a way that the future teachers will have to contribute the sufficient tools to their future students to relate with the space that surrounds them. The methodology used in this experience has been of a quantitative nature with a total number of students of 170. An exploratory study has been carried out in 6 groups. The procedure was carried out in three different phases: (a) Introduction to the basic concepts of the Portal 2 video game. (b) Free and guided play session and (c) completion of a questionnaire. The results obtained indicate that the students acquire certain skills related to orientation and spatial perception and other knowledge related to the mathematical field, such as decision making, after the use of the video game Portal 2. As a conclusion, it can be pointed out that students perceive play as an element of interest in the classroom, although not necessarily in the educational context of Early Childhood Education; rather, they orient it to higher educational contexts such as Primary and Secondary Education. Nevertheless, they consider that its inclusion would improve the capacity for abstraction, interpretation and spatial perception.

Objectives To compare the effectiveness of oral versus intramuscular (IM) vitamin B12 (VB12) in patients aged ≥65 years with VB12 deficiency.Design Pragmatic, randomised, non-inferiority, multicentre trial in 22 primary healthcare centres in Madrid (Spain).Participants 283 patients ≥65 years with VB12 deficiency were randomly assigned to oral (n=140) or IM (n=143) treatment arm.Interventions The IM arm received 1 mg VB12 on alternate days in weeks 1–2, 1 mg/week in weeks 3–8 and 1 mg/month in weeks 9–52. The oral arm received 1 mg/day in weeks 1–8 and 1 mg/week in weeks 9–52.Main outcomes Serum VB12 concentration normalisation (≥211 pg/mL) at 8, 26 and 52 weeks. Non-inferiority would be declared if the difference between arms is 10% or less. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, adverse events, adherence to treatment, quality of life, patient preferences and satisfaction.Results The follow-up period (52 weeks) was completed by 229 patients (80.9%). At week 8, the percentage of patients in each arm who achieved normal B12 levels was well above 90%; the differences in this percentage between the oral and IM arm were −0.7% (133 out of 135 vs 129 out of 130; 95% CI: −3.2 to 1.8; p>0.999) by per-protocol (PPT) analysis and 4.8% (133 out of 140 vs 129 out of 143; 95% CI: −1.3 to 10.9; p=0.124) by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. At week 52, the percentage of patients who achieved normal B12 levels was 73.6% in the oral arm and 80.4% in the IM arm; these differences were −6.3% (103 out of 112 vs 115 out of 117; 95% CI: −11.9 to −0.1; p=0.025) and −6.8% (103 out of 140 vs 115 out of 143; 95% CI: −16.6 to 2.9; p=0.171), respectively. Factors affecting the success rate at week 52 were age, OR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.99) and having reached VB12 levels ≥281 pg/mL at week 8, OR=8.1 (95% CI: 2.4 to 27.3). Under a Bayesian framework, non-inferiority probabilities (Δ>−10%) at week 52 were 0.036 (PPT) and 0.060 (ITT). Quality of life and adverse effects were comparable across groups. 83.4% of patients preferred the oral route.Conclusions Oral administration was no less effective than IM administration at 8 weeks. Although differences were found between administration routes at week 52, the probability that the differences were below the non-inferiority threshold was very low.Trial registration numbers NCT 01476007; EUDRACT (2010-024129-20).

The resonance phenomena of surface plasmons has enabled development of a novel class of noncontact, real-time and label-free optical sensors, which have emerged as a prominent tool in biochemical sensing and detection. However, various forms of surface plasmon resonances occur with natively strong non-radiative Drude damping that weakens the resonance and limits the sensing performance fundamentally. Here we experimentally demonstrate the first lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (LESPR) refractive index sensor. The figure of merit (FOM) of intensity sensing is ~84,000, which is about 400 times higher than state-of-the-art surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. We found that the high FOM originates from three unique features of LESPR sensors: high-quality factor, nearly zero background emission and the Gaussian-shaped lasing spectra. The LESPR sensors may form the basis for a novel class of plasmonic sensors with unprecedented performance for a broad range of applications.

En este artículo se analiza la calidad desde la perspectiva del sector público, incidiendo en la participación de la Administración General del Estado y de las Comunidades Autónomas, con especial atención a la regulación e instrumentos de planificación adoptados en Andalucía. La perspectiva autonómica se completa con el estudio de las iniciativas adoptadas en Cataluña y en Canarias; esta selección tiene su origen en la experiencia turística de estas Comunidades y el alto número de visitantes, nacionales e internacionales, que reciben anualmente. El examen de la evolución en las disposiciones y en los planes adoptados, permite conocer cuáles son los objetivos y principios para la consecución de la calidad que se están fomentando desde las Administraciones Públicas, así como el nivel de adaptación de estos fines a las demandas del sector privado y de la ciudadanía. La metodología empleada ha sido el análisis jurídico del marco normativo vigente, así como de los instrumentos de planificación adoptados, y la documentación con fuentes bibliográficas.

Background: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommended the establishment of population specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones during pregnancy. Initial studies conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2003 and 2004 on pregnant women published a considerably higher upper limit for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) than that proposed by ATA. The UAE was classified as a country with mild iodine deficiency at the time of this initial study. After the implementation of aggressive strategies to address iodine deficiency over the last decade, the UAE was recently declared as iodine sufficient. The current study re-evaluates the reference intervals for thyroid hormones for pregnant women in the UAE after the declaration of iodine sufficiency status. Methods: TSH and free thyroxin (FT4) from 414 UAE national pregnant females were analyzed to determine trimester specific reference ranges. Results: The upper limits of the TSH reference ranges were found to be significantly lower than previously reported, but still higher than those recommended by ATA in 2011.FT4 reference ranges were found to be slightly lower than previously reported. Conclusion: TSH trimester specific reference ranges in UAE national pregnant women are higher than those recommended by ATA in 2011 but in keeping with the latest guidelines published in 2017. This should be considered while interpreting thyroid function tests in this population. Further studies including urinary iodine measurement, body mass index and larger numbers per partition in this population are recommended. Keywords: Reference intervals, Gestation, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Pregnancy, Free thyroxin

Background: Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes acute gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated raw or under cooked seafood. The virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus is initially attributed to the production of a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH). Objective: The survey of different concentrations of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) on MIC, MBC, growth curve and production of TDH toxin of vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods: The effects of garlic essential oil at concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.03 and 0.045% on the MIC, MBC, growth curve and production of TDH toxin of vibrio parahaemolyticus were studied in BHI model. Results: MIC and MBC of garlic essential oil was estimated 0.03%. The essential oil showed significant effect on toxin production, Titers of TDH production in 0 and 0.005% were 1/256 comparing to 1/64 in 0.015% concentration of EO. Concentrations of 0.005 and 0.015% of garlic essential oil reduced the bacterial growth rate significantly (p

Fundamentos: el objetivo del trabajo es es conocer si el impacto del Real Decreto-Ley 16/2012 en el número de recetas y el gasto farmacéutico, evaluadas por el Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (MSSSI), se corresponden con las obtenidas por otros métodos estadísticos habitualmente empleados. Asimismo, se han elaborado unos modelos para predecir la evolución de ambas variables entre septiembre de 2013 y diciembre de 2014. Métodos: se aplicó la metodología Box-Jenkins conjuntamente con el análisis de intervención de Box-Tiao a datos del periodo 2003-13 para predecir mensualmente los valores de las series de recetas y gasto farmacéutico. Las predicciones se emplearon en un análisis contrafáctico para compararlas con las series de recetas y gasto real. También se efectuaron predicciones para el periodo de septiembre de 2013 a diciembre de 2014 para observar el impacto de la medida en un horizonte superior al real Resultados: el análisis contrafáctico estimó el descenso en el número de recetas en un 12,18% y el del gasto farmaceutico en un 12,83%, mientras que al calcularse mediante el análisis de intervención fueron 12,75% y 14,03%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la reducción estimada del número de recetas para el periodo de junio de 2012 hasta agosto de 2013 es similar a la ofrecida por el MSSSI, mientras que para la serie del gasto farmacéutico fue inferior a la ofrecida por el MSSSI. La metodología de Box-Jenkins genera errores de predicción menores al 3% por lo que se considera útil para anticipar fiablemente los consumos futuros.

Este artículo analiza cómo se enfrentan los alumnos que terminan el Bachillerato a su futuro laboral y formativo a través de una encuesta realizadas en la primavera del 2011 a alumnos del distrito madrileño de la Universidad Complutense, entre los que se encuentran los del Liceo Español de París. La comparación entre los resultados de los alumnos del Liceo y los de sus compañeros parece indicar un cambio de modelo en los receptores de las acciones educativas españolas en el exterior. Por otro lado y desde hace años, la política común y los objetivos educativos europeos han estado marcados por la llamada «Estrategia de Lisboa» que ha apostado por empleos de calidad, basados en la formación, que llevarían a la innovación y al desarrollo tecnológico y esta política debería tener refl ejo en las expectativas de los alumnos. La situación de crisis económica que atraviesa Europa y en particular España, desde el 2008, introduce un nuevo escenario que puede influir en la toma de decisiones en este periodo tan significativo de final de la Enseñanza Secundaria que coincide con la incorporación de los alumnos a la ciudadanía plena y, en ocasiones, con su incorporación al mundo laboral.This article discusses how to confront students completing high school to their future employment and training through a survey conducted in the spring of 2011 with students in the Madrid’s district of Complutense University, among which are those of the Spanish Lyceum of Paris. The comparison between the results of the Lyceum students and their peers suggests a paradigm shift in the receptor of Spanish international education actions. On the other hand and for years now, the common policies and the European educational objectives have been marked by the «Lisbon Strategy » which has made a high bet on quality jobs, based on good education, which would lead to innovation and technological development and this policy should be reflected in students’ expectations. The European economic crisis and in particular in Spain, since 2008, introduces a new scenario that may influence decision-makings in the significant period of being ending Secondary Education, a time matching the incorporation of students to full citizenship and, at times, with its incorporation into the workplace.

Electro-optic modulators have been identified as the key drivers for optical communication and signal processing. With an ongoing miniaturization of photonic circuitries, an outstanding aim is to demonstrate an on-chip, ultra-compact, electro-optic modulator without sacrificing bandwidth and modulation strength. While silicon-based electro-optic modulators have been demonstrated, they require large device footprints of the order of millimeters as a result of weak non-linear electro-optical properties. The modulation strength can be increased by deploying a high-Q resonator, however with the trade-off of significantly sacrificing bandwidth. Furthermore, design challenges and temperature tuning limit the deployment of such resonance-based modulators. Recently, novel materials like graphene have been investigated for electro-optic modulation applications with a 0.1 dB per micrometer modulation strength, while showing an improvement over pure silicon devices, this design still requires device lengths of tens of micrometers due to the inefficient overlap between the thin graphene layer, and the optical mode of the silicon waveguide. Here we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact, silicon-based, electro-optic modulator with a record-high 1 dB per micrometer extinction ratio over a wide bandwidth range of 1 μm in ambient conditions. The device is based on a plasmonic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) waveguide, which efficiently concentrates the optical modes’ electric field into a nanometer thin region comprised of an absorption coefficient-tuneable indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer. The modulation mechanism originates from electrically changing the free carrier concentration of the ITO layer which dramatically increases the loss of this MOS mode. The seamless integration of such a strong optical beam modulation into an existing silicon-on-insulator platform bears significant potential towards broadband, compact and efficient communication links and circuits.

Se muestra en este trabajo un modelo de conocimiento construido sobre buenas prácticas docentes de un profesor universitario, responsable de la asignatura “Organización Social y Desarrollo Humano”, correspondiente al primer semestre del Grado de Sociología. El modelo fue realizado en el marco de una investigación que se ha llevado a cabo por 6 universidades españolas. El trabajo identifica, analiza, explicita y representa con la ayuda del programa informático CMap Tools el pensamiento pedagógico y la práctica docente de un profesor universitario caracterizado por su buena práctica. El modelo de conocimiento construido de las buenas prácticas de este profesor, fácilmente accesible a través de Internet, constituye un excelente ejemplo que puede orientar tanto al profesor novel como a profesores experimentados que quieran mejorar la calidad de la docencia que imparten.

【Abstract】Hip trauma has been a leading cause of death in senile patients for more than a centenary. Although the mortality decreased due to the advanced technique in medication, surgery and nursing, the increasing mortality should not be neglected in elders after orthopedic opera-tion nowadays. Many factors are considered to influence the causes of death after trauma, such as age, gender, per-sonal customs, comorbidities, types of fracture, timing of surgery, procedure, anesthesia, complications, medical treatment, activity of daily living, or even marriage status. This article reviews these causes from the aspects of patient’s own factors, iatrogenic factors, medical treatment and other factors and provides some clues for further clini-cal application according to the recent foreign and domes-tic researches. According to the present research, it is es-sential for surgeons to perform a comprehensive estimation for patients suffering from hip trauma. Key words: Hip fractures; Aged; Cause of death; Review

Background: Medical diagnostic laboratories play an important role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the diseases. Today’s without assisting of the laboratories, conserving of public health and outbreaks prevention of infectious and genetic diseases is impossible. In this research the cases determined by the department of health and medical education questionnaire in quality control of public and private laboratories. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross sectional (descriptive and analytic) in which 20 private medical diagnostic laboratories and 16 training centers were selected. The quality control standards were reviewed and compared. Results: From 12 items of the questionnaire the two following items, rules and regulations in both private and public laboratories gained the highest priorities with 100% private and 93% governmental laboratories respectively. The lowest score was related to testing quality control of the laboratories with that of public and private ones, 82% and 75.7 percent respectively. In all that cases, governmental laboratories and training centers were rated lower than private labs. Conclusion: This study showed that both private and public laboratories’ score were under below of standards. Governmental laboratories were rated lower than private labs. In private laboratories, identifying errors and in the governmental laboratories, testing quality control should be considered

【Abstract】Objective: To evaluate the role of high risk factors in octogenarians and nonagenarians with hip trauma, which may lead to excessive mortality and morbi- dity postoperatively. Methods: Fifty-four octogenarians and nonagenarians patients were enrolled in the study, receiving surgical repair of hip fracture in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2010. High risk factors were recorded preoperatively in detail. Complications and survival state were followed up by telephone for 2 years postoperatively. All the data were analyzed by Chi-square test with SPSS 13.0. Results: Twenty-six males (48.1%), aged from 80 to 94 years with a mean age of 84.2 years, and twenty-eight females (51.9%), aged from 80 to 95 years with a mean age of 83.4 years, were presented in the cohort study. The hip traumas were caused by daily slight injuries (52 cases) and car accidents (2 cases), respectively. Twenty-eight patients (51.9%) with femoral neck fracture while 26 patients (48.1%) with intertrochanteric fracture were diagnosed through an anterior-posterior pelvic radiophotograph. In this series, 39 patients (72.2%) suffered from one or more comorbidities preoperatively. The morbidity was 48.1% and the major cause was urinary tract infection, while a significant difference was noted between females and males. The mortality was 20.4% with a predominant cause of acute renal failure. Conclusions: The gender should be considered as a critical high risk factor in octogenarians and nonagenarians with hip trauma postoperatively. Females are more likely to suffer complications postoperatively, which is especially obvious in senile patients over 80 years (P

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evolución que la atención a la diversidad ha tenido enCataluña durante la última década a partir de las valoraciones de distintos profesionales del mundo de la educación implicados en el tema. El estudio, de carácter cualitativo, se llevó a cabo a partir de un diseño de estudio de casos. Las personas informantes fueron seleccionadas por su especial vinculación con el sistema educativo catalán. Los resultados muestran que no se han introducido, de una manera clara y decidida, las políticas que hacen posible un modelo de escuela inclusiva ni se ha generado en los profesores una clara voluntad para fomentar una escuela donde todos puedan trabajar juntos. El camino hacia la inclusión educativa es largo y requiere que diferentes perfiles profesionales trabajen colaborativamente creando una red de apoyo y recursos que hagan posible una escolaridad de calidad.

Background & Aim: Malassezia furfur is a lipophilic yeast and is known as the agent of skin diseases, especially tinea versicolor. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal effect of licorice root, Althoca officinalis extracts and ketoconazole on Malassezia furfur. Methods: In this study, the antifungal effect of ethanolic extracts of Althoca officinalis root and licorice and ketoconazole on Malassezia furfur was evaluated by broth dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum concentration of fatality (MFC) for each of the compounds was calculated according to visual reading and the number of fungal colonies (CFU) compared with the control group. The gathered data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: MIC range of Althoca officinalis flower, Althoca officinalis root, licorice root extracts and ketoconazole was determined as: 18.25, 300, 500 and 2.65 µg/ml. MFC range for extracts of Althoca officinalis flower and ketoconazole was determined as: 50 ≤ and 32 ≤ µg/ml. Conclusion: The present study showed that Althoca officinalis flower extract compared with the Althoca officinalis root and licorice root extracts have a higher antifungal effect. Also ketoconazole, compared with these extracts, have a high antifungal effect on Malassezia furfur.

Avaliou-se o efeito das combinações de quatro níveis diferenciados de N com três níveis de NaCl, veiculados ao solo pela água de rega, nas concentrações foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Na em sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor ssp. saccharatum), em dois anos consecutivos de um ensaio instalado num Fluvissolo Êutrico, em Alvalade-Sado, provido de um sistema de rega gota-a-gota ("Fonte tripla linear"). Pesquisaram-se relações entre os teores foliares dos nutrientes e a produção de matéria seca (caules, folhas + panículas e total) e entre níveis de N e de NaCl e teores foliares médios de nutrientes. Foi a disponibilidade do azoto no solo que, mais do que a salinidade, afetou a absorção de nutrientes, com reflexo nos teores foliares e na produção. O teor foliar de N foi o melhor indicador na previsão da produção de caules do sorgo sacarino.We evaluated the influence of the combinations of four N levels with three NaCl levels, applied through irrigation, on leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ssp. saccharatum), in two consecutive years of an experiment established on a Eutric Fluvisol in Alvalade-Sado region, equipped with a drip irrigation system ("Triple Linear Source"). The relationships between leaf nutrient concentrations and dry matter production (stems, leaves, and aerial biomass), and between N and NaCl levels and the leaf nutrient concentrations were also searched. It was nitrogen availability in soil that, more than salinity, affected nutrient uptake, with reflexes on the leaf concentrations and the yields. Leaf N concentration was the best indicator for predicting the stems production of sweet sorghum.

Hip fractures, including femoral neck, intertrochanteric, acetabular, femoral head, and subintertrochanteric fractures, are very common clinically. Among them, femoral neck fracture and intertrochanteric fracture are the most common types of fractures (over 90%).1Comparingwith hip fracture in young patients, there are some special characteristics in senile patients: (1) The patients usually suffer from osteoporosis. (2) They need long-time rehabilitation in bed, whichmay lead to severe complications, such as hypostatic pneumonia, urinary tract infection, pressure ulcer, and deep venous thrombosis of lower limb.(3) Themortality after injury is quite high. Therefore, as a rule, orthopedic surgeons preferably choose surgical means to treat these patients.

Introduction: Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins (8-17kDa) with the main role of immune cells recruitment to injured tissues. IP-10/Mob-1 is a CXC chemokine and different cell systems in response to external stimulation produce this chemokine. Various signaling pathways are used by cell and tissue systems to regulate production of proteins e.g. chemokines. Therefore we have investigated some of these pathways leading to production of IP-10/Mob-1 by primary cultured hepatocytes. Methods: In the present study, hepatocyts were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured on Waymouth medium in presence and absence of different inhibitors such as SB203580, MG132, KN62 and Staurosporine for indicated time points. Supernatant medium of culture was centrifuged and proteins were isolated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, then membranes were incubated with IP-10/Mob-1 antibody overnight and followed by incubation with secondary antibody and then IP-10/Mob-1 was detected by ECL. Results: We showed that the expression of IP-10/Mob-1 has been decreased in presence of Staurosporine (10 and 50μM), SB203580(50μM) MG132 (20μM) and KN62 (10 and 20μM) but did not change in absence or lower concentrations of these inhibitors. Conclusion: Hence, these in vitro data may aid to a better understanding of the pathways in chronic liver injuries and identify clinical studies that may aid in treatment or prevention of these conditions. Furthermore, there may be further potential to prevent changes to hepatocyte phenotype and allow isolation of hepatocytes with a greater physiological phenotype. Therefore it could be concluded that all of these pathways are used by hepatocytes regarding expression of IP-10/Mob-1.

BACKGROUND: Frontline treatment of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) relies heavily on chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Though SCLC patients respond well to initial cycles of chemotherapy, they eventually develop resistance. Identification of novel therapies against SCLC is therefore imperative. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We have designed a bioluminescence-based cell viability assay for high-throughput screening of anti-SCLC agents. The assay was first validated via standard pharmacological agents and RNA interference using two human SCLC cell lines. We then utilized the assay in a high-throughput screen using the LOPAC(1280) compound library. The screening identified several drugs that target classic cancer signaling pathways as well as neuroendocrine markers in SCLC. In particular, perturbation of dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling inhibits SCLC cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: The convergence of our pharmacological data with key SCLC pathway components reiterates the importance of neurotransmitter signaling in SCLC etiology and points to possible leads for drug development.

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Aquatic organisms may absorb organic compounds mainly from water and by ingestion of contaminated food. The toxicity of such compounds may be intensified by the presence of certain inorganic compounds such as nitrite (NO2–). In order to evaluate the effect of phenanthrene (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in the presence and absence of NO2–, juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L, were exposed to PHE i.p. and to NO2– in water, and several endpoints were measured at days 1, 3, and 6 of exposure. Sea bass exposed to PHE exhibited lower hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity as compared to the control group. The activity of the phase II enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST), was similar in all the groups of fish. The concentration of PHE metabolites, determined as fluorescent aromatic compounds, was nearly 14 times higher both in the presence and absence of NO2–, showing that even at low EROD activities this PAH is metabolized. The presence of micronuclei was observed to be significantly higher only in sea bass treated with PHE alone, suggesting that different PHE metabolites, without genotoxic properties, were formed in the presence of NO2–.

This research aims to establish the foundations for a traffic accident prevention programme, based on a study of specific circumstances. To this end, we analysed awareness of road safety measure use in young people according to three variables; whether they had any experience of an accident; if so, how serious the accident was, and how close the kinship relation was to the person who had the accident. The findings did not confirm our expectations, but showed that awareness is not clearly related to any of these three variables, except where either a brother or sister was involved in the accident and when the accident was not serious. Con nuestra investigación pretendemos aproximar las bases para el diseño de un programa de prevención de accidentes, a partir del estudio de una realidad concreta. Para ello hemos analizado la sensibilización hacia el uso de medidas de seguridad vial en adolescentes en función de tres variables: la vivencia o no de un accidente, la gravedad del mismo y el grado de parentesco. Los resultados obtenidos, en contra de lo esperado, constatan que la sensibilización no está relacionada inequívocamente con ellas, a excepción de los hermanos en cuanto al grado de parentesco y leve en cuanto a la gravedad.

La Psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica inmunomediada, que se caracteriza por lesiones eritematoescamosas, asociada en ocasiones con afectación articular. Existe una gran cantidad de evidencia que demuestra, un proceso inflamatorio sistémico subyacente patogénico. Un nuevo patrón de respuesta de linfocitos T se ha propuesto como es la Th17, acompañando a una respuesta Th1 y una posible disfunción de células T reguladoras. En los últimos años se la asociado a otros procesos inflamatorios crónicos como: la enfermedad de Crohn, EPOC, síndrome metabólico, arterioesclerosis y sus complicaciones cardiovasculares. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar la severidad de los pacientes con Psoriasis que concurren al consultorio de Dermatología, en el Hospital Cullen de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina y determinar la prevalencia de aquellos con Síndrome metabólico. Para determinar la extensión / severidad de la enfermedad se utilizó el score de PASI y para el diagnóstico del Síndrome metabólico la definición de ATPIII. El 36% de los participantes se incluyeron dentro de la definición de la enfermedad, al cumplir con tres de los cinco criterios para su diagnóstico. A partir de los datos aportados sugerimos el screening de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, en pacientes con Psoriasis.Psoriasis is a chronic, immune mediated disease, characterized by erythematous scamous lesions, often associated with articular involvement. A large body of evidence demonstrates an underlying systemic inflammatory process, which is pathogenic. A new pattern of response of Th17 lymphocytes has been proposed as the accompanying Th1 and a possible dysfunction of regulatory Tcells. In recent years, the association with other chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease, COPD, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. The aim of our study was to assess the severity of psoriasis patients who fulfilled the office of Dermatology at the Cullen Hospital of Santa Fe - Argentina and to determine the prevalence of those with metabolic syndrome. To determine the extent / severity of disease was used PASI score and the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome using the ATPIII definition. The 36% of participants were included within the definition of the disease for meet three of the five criteria for its diagnosis. From the data, we suggest the screening of cardiovascular risk factors in psoriasis patients.