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The era of industrial revolution 4.0 requires the mastery of science and technology so that mastering bilingualism becomes one of the most important needs of human life. A bilingual education program is an attempt to introduce children to a second language, especially English, which is implemented in education and training. The purpose of this study is to: (1) explore in depth the management implemented in the Global English Class Learning Community at the primary school age. (2) describes the implementation of bilingual education for elementary school children. (3) description of the results of the implementation of bilingual education among preschool children. This type of research is qualitative with an ethnographic approach, which is a method of deciphering and interpreting the system of emerging cultural or social groups. The subjects of this study were primary school children and teachers of the Global English Class Learning Community. The results of the study show that bilingual education in the Global English Class Learning Community has a positive effect on primary school children. The concept is used in different models, such as group learning, peer learning, field trips, mother tongue learning. The implementation of bilingual education in Global English Class shows a positive effect and is very useful for primary school children in acquiring the child's bilingual language.

Most glaucoma drugs lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing the aqueous humor production and increasing the outflow through uveoscleral pathway. None of these drugs work mainly on increasing outflow through the trabecular pathway. Consequently, the experiment to develop glaucoma drugs directly target at the trabecular outflow pathway is highly required. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on the thickness of trabecular meshwork in juvenile rats model injected with sodium hyalu-ronate. This study was an experimental study with posttest only control group design. Twenty-four rats were included in this study. Each eye of the rat would be considered as one sample. Samples were divided into 6 groups, negative control group, positive control I group with intracameral sodium hyaluronate injection, posi-tive control II group with topical Y-27632 10 mM, and three experimental groups with intracameral injection of sodium hyaluronate and Y-27632 10-1 mM, 1 mM, and 10 mM respectively. After the procedures all rats were sacrificed and enucleated. Trabecular meshwork tissue was stained with Hematoxilene-Eosin and evalu-ated under 400× microscopic magnification. Quantitative measurements were taken using computerized image analysis with dot slide program. There were significant statistic differences among the positive control I group and the experimental groups (p-value < 0.05) as well as the positive control II group and the experi-mental groups (p-value < 0.05). The highest mean of decreasing trabecular meshwork thickness was noted in the group given by sodium hyaluronate and Y-27632 10 mM with value of 118.42 µm. There was decreasing thickness of trabecular meshwork due to the effect of rho- kinase inhibitor Y-27632 in juvenile rats injected with sodium hyaluronate.

Stres  oksidatif  dan  pembentukan  radikal  bebas  pada  lensa  mata  manusia  lensa  secara  kronis  dapat  menghasilkan malondialdehid.  Malondialdehid  diketahui  dapat  menimbulkan  degenerasi  protein  sehingga  terbentuk  katarak. astaxanthin  adalah  antioksidan  yang  dapat  menurunkan  kadar  malondialdehid.  T ujuan  penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk membuktikan  apakah  astaxanthin  dapat  menurunkan  kadar  malondialdehid lensa  penderita  katarak  senilis.  Penelitian  ini merupakan  penelitian  eksperimental  sederhana  (post  test  only  control  group  design)  terhadap  dua  kelompok,  yaitu astaxanthin dan kontrol, masing-masing terdiri dari 16 sampel, dimana dilakukan penyetaraan terhadap variabel umur , jenis  kelamin, dan gradasi katarak. Kelompok astaxanthin  mendapatkan suplementasi astaxanthin  4 mg dan kelompok kontrol  mendapatkan  plasebo  selama  14  hari  sebelum  dilakukan  bedah  katarak.  Nukleus  lensa  dikumpulkan  untuk selanjutnya  diukur  kadar  malondialdehid.  Penelitian  ini  menunjukkan  bahwa  setelah  mengonsumsi  selama  14  hari, kelompok  astaxanthin  menunjukkan  kadar  malondialdehid  yang  lebih  rendah  (rerata=50,315  nmol/mg)  daripada kelompok  kontrol  (rerata=50,808  nmol/mg)  dimana  perbedaan  ini  secara  statistik  bermakna  (p=0,001).  Suplementasi astaxanthin  dapat  menurunkan  kadar  malondialdehid  lensa  penderita  katarak  senilis.

In primary open angle glaucoma, decrease of hyaluronic acid level is related to extracellular matrix deposition of trabecular meshwork. Extracellular matrix deposition will increase humor aqueous outflow resistance which in turn increase the intraocular pressure. MMP-9 as one of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, has a high potency to degrade the extracellular matrix. The expression of MMP-9 can be activated by hyaluronic acid through its binding with CD44 as hyaluronic main receptor. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of hyaluronic acid on MMP-9 expression in trabecular meshwork cell culture of patient with primary open angle glaucoma by immunocytochemical method. Trabecular meshwork cell culture were exposed to hyaluronic acid at four different concentration (0mg/ml, 1 mg/mL, 3 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL). After 24 hours incubated, we find a significant difference of MMP-9 expression between control group and group with hyaluronic acid. There was significant correlation between hyaluronic acid and MMP-9 expression. Hyaluronic acid exposure will increase MMP-9 expression in trabecular meshwork cell culture. This finding suggest that hyaluronic acid can influence the resistance of humor aqueous outflow in trabecular meshwork by up-regulating MMP-9 expression, and therefore will increase extracellular matrix degradation.Key words : hyaluronic acid, primary open angle glaucoma, MMP-9