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With the rapid development of machine learning, artificial intelligence technology has been widely applied across various domains of life. However, concerns regarding the privacy risks associated with machine learning have increased. In response to these concerns, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated to regulate the collection, use, and transmission of private information. Despite this, machine learning requires a large amount of data, necessitating the development of privacy protection technologies that allow for the collection and processing of data under legal and compliant conditions. Split learning, a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that enables the training of distributed models among multiple participants without sharing raw data, has emerged as a research focus. It has been recognized that split learning is vulnerable to data privacy attacks, and various attacks along with corresponding defenses have been proposed. However, existing surveys have not discussed and summarized research on data privacy during the training phase of split learning. The comprehensive overview of data privacy attack and defense techniques in the training phase of split learning was offered. Initially, the definition, principles, and classifications of split learning were summarized. Subsequently, two common attacks in split learning, namely the raw data reconstruction attack and the label leakage attack, were introduced. The causes of these attacks in the training phase of split learning were then analyzed, and corresponding defenses were presented. Finally, future research directions in the area of data privacy for split learning were discussed.

Background Since August 2022, Shengzhou City of Zhejiang Province has been carrying out the reform of outpatient payment mode in medical insurance, gradually carrying out the reform of capitation by implementing the total budget, updating the calculation standard of capitation fee, improving the incentive and constraint mechanism and other measures, so as to encourage primary health care institutions to provide appropriate basic medical services, reduce primary medical expenses, and promote the sustainable development of medical insurance fund. Objective To analyze the influence mechanism of capitation for outpatient services in basic medical insurance on medical expenses in Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide reference for improving the relevant payment system. Methods Using "capitation" and "medical costs" as both English and Chinese search terms, databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature on capitation from 2000-01-01 to 2022-07-31, as well as the policy documents, government reports and news reports related to the implementation of capitation from April to July 2022. Personal interviews were conducted with representatives of capitation payment policy makers and implementers in Shengzhou City from September to December 2022 (n=13) . A qualitative analysis of capitation reform policy on medical expenses under the total outpatient budget in Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province was performed by using system dynamics approach. Results The policies of the current round of medical insurance payment reform in Shengzhou were plotted as a cause graph with five feedback loops obtained, showing that the implementation of the total capitation budget policy can motivate primary health care institutions to provide standardized medical services for residents, promote an increase in the contracting rate in primary care, thus controling medical expenses; a scientific capitation fee standard can motivate primary health care institutions to autonomously control and reduce costs; increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance can effectively reduce the medical burden of patients; improving the performance appraisal system is conducive to the continuous improvement of service capabilities of primary health care institutions; strengthening the construction of information sharing mechanisms can achieve data sharing and exchange, and comprehensively improve the health of residents. Conclusion The implementation of capitation reform in conjunction with multiple policy measures can improve the contracting and consultation rates in primary care institutions, broaden the sources of medical insurance fund, ensure the sustainability of medical insurance fund, improve the medical service and capabilities of primary care institutions, improve the health status of residents, and significantly improve the prevention and treatment effect of chronic diseases.

This paper mainly discusses the combination of 3D modeling technology and traditional characteristics of ink animation to promote the innovation and development of Chinese traditional animation. Aiming at the characteristics of ink painting, the 3D model construction algorithm of ink animation is proposed, which realizes the establishment of algorithms such as transforming the 2D model into a 3D model, constructing the 3D animation scene, imitating the virtual reality of ink painting and rendering the virtual reality of ink animation. The basic model of the particle system is proposed, including modules for particle generation, particle properties, particle motion change, particle extinction, and particle drawing. Combined with the basic principles based on the particle system model, randomly distributed particles break the regular rectangular shape in the overall distribution. More realistically simulates a variety of different animation forms for ink animation. The simulation speed and convergence time of this paper’s model are better than the other two models. The simulation results fulfill the demands of real-time ink animation performance. The FPS of the most complex animation image, the color ink staining of the cow, is 31FPS, which also meets the requirements of the animation image. It shows that the combination of 3D modeling technology, particle system-based dynamic simulation, and ink animation is perfect and has a broad application prospect.

In this study, we utilize the acquisition device from Open Pose to capture the joint points of human posture. Subsequent to data collection, each joint point undergoes a coordinate regularization process, using the neck coordinates as a reference, to derive human skeleton data. This processed data facilitates the extraction of angles and relative distances among all human body limbs, effectively capturing characteristic feature information. This information is subsequently imported into the Iclone software, where it is refined using a fitting tool to develop a bespoke character model. Following the character's construction, the study leverages NURBS curve modeling and Polygon polygon modeling technologies within the 3D software MAYA to achieve precise scene modeling. This approach culminates in the production of an animated performance that integrates virtual reality technology, with its effects thoroughly analyzed. During Action A, the animation method developed in this study yielded an average running frame rate of 96.54 frames per second, and the average texture size was 6.39 MB. These metrics significantly surpass those achieved by comparative methods. Moreover, the efficiency of animation scene production in this study (0.134339 seconds) substantially exceeds that of the control method (0.273984 seconds), thereby enhancing the level of animation design technology and presenting a more lifelike 3D virtual animation.

Nonspecific low back pain, a common clinical disease, is with high morbidity and prone to recurrent attacks. Clinical practice has proven that acupuncture and moxibustion therapies have positive effects on nonspecific low back pain, and the therapies are various, yet there is a lack of scientific and normative clinical practice guidelines. Identifying clinical questions is the most important step in developing clinical practice guidelines. This paper summarized the process and experience of the successful identification of clinical questions in the development of Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Nonspecific Low Back Pain by the guideline expert panel using the modified Delphi method, hoping to provide a reference for developing acupuncture and moxibustion-related clinical practice guidelines.