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Background Postoperative cognitive impairment are common neural complications in older surgical patients and exacerbate the burden of medical care on families and society. Methods A total of 140 older patients who were scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgery or pancreatic surgery with general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to Group S or Group I with a 1:1 allocation. Patients in Group S and Group I received intranasal administration of 400 μL of normal saline or 40 IU/400 μL of insulin, respectively, once daily from 5 minutes before anaesthesia induction until 3 days postoperatively. Perioperative cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) at 1 day before and 3 days after surgery and postoperative delirium (POD) incidence was assessed using the 3-minute Diagnostic Interview for CAM (3D-CAM) on postoperative days 1–3. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), S100-β and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on the first day after surgery. Results Insulin treatment significantly increased postoperative MMSE and MoCA-B scores in group I than in group S (P  < 0.001, P  = 0.001, respectively), decreased the incidence of POD within the 3-day postoperative period in Group I than in Group S (10.9% vs 26.6%, P  = 0.024), and inhibited postoperative IL-6 and S100-β levels in Group I compared to Group S (P  = 0.034, P  = 0.044, respectively). Conclusions Intranasal insulin administration is thus suggested as a potential therapy to improve postoperative cognition in older patients undergoing surgery. However, a more standardized multi-centre, large-sample study is needed to further validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical investigations of K-shell Δn = 1 (1s → 2l) dielectronic recombination (DR) of B-like Ar13+ ions are performed. The resonance energies, autoionization and radiative rates, as well as DR strengths, are obtained with inclusion of Breit and QED corrections using the Flexible Atomic Code. Furthermore, the differential cross sections, linear polarization, and polarization-dependent spectra for KLL DR process are presented for X-ray dielectronic satellite lines. The present results indicate the importance of high-order trielectronic and quadruelectronic recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to develop a novel method for determining trace silver in leaching solution of antibacterial food contact products. For this purpose, a novel silver ion imprinted magnetic silica sorbent was synthesized by a surface imprinting technique. A new method, combining magnetic solid-phase extraction with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, was developed, and the synthesized sorbent was used for detecting and extracting trace silver using the newly developed method. The main factors, such as pH, elution condition, ultrasonic time, and coexisting ions, affecting the magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure were investigated. The adsorption capacity of the new sorbent was 91.4 mg [g.sup.-1] for silver. Under the optimized conditions, our method showed a detection limit of 0.26 ng [mL.sup.-1] for silver with an enrichment factor of 91.8. The analytical results obtained from a certified reference water sample (GBW00809) were in good agreement with the certified value. Our method, when applied to determine trace silver present in the leaching solutions of different antibacterial food contact products, showed satisfactory results. Key words: ion imprinting, magnetic solid-phase extraction, silver, antibacterial food contact products, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. La presente etude avait pour objectif de mettre au point une nouvelle methode de dosage des traces d'argent dans des lixiviats de produits antibacteriens aptes au contact alimentaire. Nous avons synthetise a cette fin un nouveau sorbant a base de silice magnetique impregne d'ions d'argent au moyen d'une technique d'impregnation de surface. Une nouvelle methode, alliant l'extraction en phase solide par tri magnetique avec la spectrometrie d'absorption atomique a atomisation par flamme a ete mise au point et utilisee avec le sorbant synthetise pour la detection et l'extraction de traces d'argent. Nous avons etudie les principaux facteurs influant sur la procedure d'extraction en phase solide par tri magnetique, tels que le pH, les conditions d'elution, la duree de sonication et les ions coexistants. Le nouveau sorbant etait caracterise par une capacite d'adsorption de l'argent de 91,4 mg [g.sup.-1]. Dans des conditions optimisees, la limite de detection de l'argent de notre methode etait de 0,26 ng [mL.sup.-1], avec un facteur d'enrichissement de 91,8. Les resultats de l'analyse d'un echantillon d'eau de reference certifie (GBW00809) correspondaient bien a la valeur certifiee. Notre methode, lorsqu'appliquee au dosage de traces d'argent presentes dans des lixiviats de divers produits antibacteriens aptes au contact alimentaire, a permis d'obtenir des resultats satisfaisants. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: impregnation d'ions, extraction en phase solide par tri magnetique, argent, produits antibacteriens aptes au contact alimentaire, spectrometrie d'absorption atomique a atomisation par flamme., Introduction Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is a matter of grave concern, posing threat to living systems, especially to humans. Silver has been widely used for different purposes, for [...]

Aims: To compare the performance of logistic regression and machine learning methods in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. Method: This was a retrospective study of perioperative medical data from patients undergoing non‐cardiac and non‐neurology surgery over 65 years old from January 2014 to August 2019. Forty‐six perioperative variables were used to predict POD. A traditional logistic regression and five machine learning models (Random Forest, GBM, AdaBoost, XGBoost, and a stacking ensemble model) were compared by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Results: In total, 29,756 patients were enrolled, and the incidence of POD was 3.22% after variable screening. AUCs were 0.783 (0.765–0.8) for the logistic regression method, 0.78 for random forest, 0.76 for GBM, 0.74 for AdaBoost, 0.73 for XGBoost, and 0.77 for the stacking ensemble model. The respective sensitivities for the 6 aforementioned models were 74.2%, 72.2%, 76.8%, 63.6%, 71.6%, and 67.4%. The respective specificities for the 6 aforementioned models were 70.7%, 99.8%, 96.5%, 98.8%, 96.5%, and 96.1%. The respective precision values for the 6 aforementioned models were 7.8%, 52.3%, 55.6%, 57%, 54.5%, and 56.4%. Conclusions: The optimal application of the logistic regression model could provide quick and convenient POD risk identification to help improve the perioperative management of surgical patients because of its better sensitivity, fewer variables, and easier interpretability than the machine learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the working principle of natural spiderweb and long-persistence phosphors, we have synthesized a spiderweb-like nanocomposite in which CoS quantum dots are confined in N-doped carbon frameworks/carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The intimate combination of three-dimensional conductive networks of CoS/CNTs with abundant active sites allows effective capture of sulfate radicals via both physical confinement and chemical bonding and accelerates the redox kinetics significantly. Furthermore, in virtue of the light storing and luminescence behaviors of long-persistence phosphors, the all-weather CoS/CNTs produced can realize an optimum degradation efficiency of 64% under dark conditions. Overall, this work reveals a significant step forward for building a desirable all-weather catalyst with abundant active sites for potential use in degradation under dark conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great challenge for the application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators for environmental applications in pollutant removal is their stability and activity. Pyrolysis of the MOF organic linkers under an inert gas atmosphere can maintain or improve the coordinatively unsaturated metal site (CUMS) activation ability of the MOFs and at the same time solve the problem of the collapsible and unstable MOF structure. Herein, we report a series of novel coordinatively unsaturated cerium-doped MIL-101(Fe(III)) compounds (denoted as Ce-MIL-101) with different shapes, containing mixed-valence Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Ce(III)/Ce(IV) sites, as new PMS activators, through the total release of solvent molecules under a controlled thermolysis reduction process at 500 °C under N2 to increase the number of CUMSs. The resulting rod-like cerium-doped Fe3O4 materials exhibited superior stability and a higher number of active sites compared to octahedral cerium-doped Fe3O4. The XPS results reveal a growth of the oxygen vacancies (77.8%) and a large number of electron-deficient metal sites. Following the great improvement of the number of CUMSs, the performance (apparent rate constant) of CUMSs/MIL-101(Fe,Ce) in the activation of PMS for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) increased by a factor of up to 2.5 relative to that of pristine MIL-101(Fe). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further clarified the nature of the PMS active sites at the atomic level. These new insights confirm a novel strategy for the synthesis of a highly active catalyst with different shapes for environmental remediation by controlling the CUMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]