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Infrared small target detection plays a crucial role in various domains like early warning, national defense, and monitoring. Although existing detection methods have achieved some good results, they only rely on the original size and information of small targets for detection and are faced with challenges, such as the small size and obscure feature information of small targets. To overcome these limitations, this article introduces a coarse-to-fine detection network named MSMA-Net. This network initially determines the rough location of targets through a coarse preliminary screening, aiming to reduce false alarms and improve computational efficiency. Simultaneously, to improve the discriminability of the features and enhance the spatial details and resolution of the targets, the network utilizes multiscale super-resolution to transform low-resolution feature maps into high-resolution representations, gradually refining and strengthening the feature representation. Finally, the network employs a multilevel feature fusion attention mechanism to facilitate effective information transmission and fusion in multiscale and multilevel feature representations. This attention mechanism enhances the accuracy as well as robustness of object detection, ultimately obtaining accurate detection results. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that compared with existing detection methods, our approach can effectively suppress false alarms and get better performance even when the target has a small size and obscure feature information.

Multiple material additive manufacturing technology with the capability to integrate glass-ceramic and metallic materials is essential to the development of high-performance functional components for high temperature applications. Here we show the feasibility and characteristics of additively manufactured glass-ceramic/metal 3D electronic components via single-process multiple material laser powder bed fusion (MMLPBF). Copper (II) oxide (CuO) powder is mixed with α-spodumene (lithium aluminosilicate, Li2O·Al2O3·4SiO2) glass-ceramic powder to improve the laser absorbance, reduce the melting point of glass-ceramic to match that of copper and to improve bonding between copper and the glass-ceramic. Up to 92% relative density of the glass-ceramic is realized. The monoclinic crystal α-spodumene has been transformed to tetragonal crystal β-spodumene after laser melting. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and graphite mixed powder is printed as the substrate for the glass-ceramic component for its rapid removal. Embedded conductive copper wires and plates as the main conductive structures are successfully built within the glass-ceramic from powder feedstocks. The electrical resistivity of the printed copper structures is examined. An embedded multiple layer electric circuit, a capacitor and a temperature sensor are successfully printed and tested.