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274 results on '"Ma, S. Y."'

1. Measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

Author

An, Q., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cai, M. S., Chang, J., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. L., Chen, W., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., Dai, H. T., D'Amone, A., De Benedittis, A., De Mitri, I., Di Santo, M., Ding, M., Dong, T. K., Dong, Y. F., Dong, Z. X., Donvito, G., Droz, D., Duan, J. L., Duan, K. K., D'Urso, D., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, F., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gan, F. J., Gao, M., Gargano, F., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, D. Y., Guo, J. H., Guo, X. L., Han, S. X., Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, W., Jin, X., Kong, J., Lei, S. J., Li, S., Li, W. L., Li, X., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. M., Liao, N. H., Liu, C. M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, W. Q., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Luo, C. N., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, S. Y., Ma, T., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Niu, X. Y., Pan, X., Peng, W. X., Peng, X. Y., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Salinas, M. M., Shang, G. Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Song, J. X., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tykhonov, A., Vitillo, S., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, X. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. F., Wen, S. C., Wu, D., Wu, J., Wu, L. B., Wu, S. S., Wu, X., Xi, K., Xia, Z. Q., Xu, H. T., Xu, Z. H., Xu, Z. L., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, G. F., Yang, H. B., Yang, P., Yang, Y. Q., Yang, Z. L., Yao, H. J., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, C., Zang, J. J., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, P. F., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, W. Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, X. F., Zhou, C. Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, X., Zhu, Y., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with two and a half years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with a high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee, and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays., Comment: 37 pages, 5 figures, published in Science Advances

Published
2019
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2. The on-orbit calibration of DArk Matter Particle Explorer

Author

Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Cai, M. S., Caragiulo, M., Chang, J., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. L., Chen, W., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., Dai, H. T., D'Amone, A., De Benedittis, A., De Mitri, I., Ding, M., Di Santo, M., Dong, J. N., Dong, T. K., Dong, Y. F., Dong, Z. X., Droz, D., Duan, K. K., Duan, J. L., D'Urso, D., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, F., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gan, F. J., Gao, M., Gao, S. S., Gargano, F., Garrappa, S., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, J. H., Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, D., Jiang, W., Jin, X., Kong, J., Lei, S. J., Li, S., Li, X., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. M., Liao, N. H., Liu, C. M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, W. Q., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, S. Y., Ma, T., Ma, X. Q., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Niu, X. Y., Pan, X., Peng, X. Y., Peng, W. X., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Salinas, M. M., Shang, G. Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Song, J. X., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tian, X. B., Tykhonov, A., Vitillo, S., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, X. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, Z. M., Wen, S. C., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. F., Wu, D., Wu, J., Wu, L. B., Wu, S. S., Wu, X., Xi, K., Xia, Z. Q., Xin, Y. L., Xu, H. T., Xu, Z. H., Xu, Z. L., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, G. F., Yang, H. B., Yang, P., Yang, Y. Q., Yang, Z. L., Yao, H. J., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, C., Zang, J. J., Zhang, D. L., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, P. F., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, W. Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, X. F., Zhou, C. Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, X., Zhu, Y., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), a satellite-based cosmic ray and gamma-ray detector, was launched on December 17, 2015, and began its on-orbit operation on December 24, 2015. In this work we document the on-orbit calibration procedures used by DAMPE and report the calibration results of the Plastic Scintillator strip Detector (PSD), the Silicon-Tungsten tracKer-converter (STK), the BGO imaging calorimeter (BGO), and the Neutron Detector (NUD). The results are obtained using Galactic cosmic rays, bright known GeV gamma-ray sources, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each sub-detector. The determination of the boundary of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), the measurement of the live time, and the alignments of the detectors are also introduced. The calibration results demonstrate the stability of the detectors in almost two years of the on-orbit operation.

Published
2019
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3. Direct detection of a break in the teraelectronvolt cosmic-ray spectrum of electrons and positrons

Author

Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Bertucci, B., Cai, M. S., Chang, J., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. L., Chen, W., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., D'Amone, A., De Benedittis, A., De Mitri, I., Di Santo, M., Dong, J. N., Dong, T. K., Dong, Y. F., Dong, Z. X., Donvito, G., Droz, D., Duan, K. K., Duan, J. L., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, F., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gan, F. J., Gao, M., Gao, S. S., Gargano, F., Garrappa, S., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, D. Y., Guo, J. H., Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, D., Jiang, W., Jin, X., Kong, J., Lei, S. J., Li, S., Li, X., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. M., Liao, N. H., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, W. Q., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, S. Y., Ma, T., Ma, X. Q., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Niu, X. Y., Peng, X. Y., Peng, W. X., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Salinas, M. M., Shang, G. Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Song, J. X., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tian, X. B., Tykhonov, A., Vagelli, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, X. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Z., Wen, S. C., Wang, Z. M., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. F., Wu, D., Wu, J., Wu, L. B., Wu, S. S., Wu, X., Xi, K., Xia, Z. Q., Xin, Y. L., Xu, H. T., Xu, Z. L., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, G. F., Yang, H. B., Yang, P., Yang, Y. Q., Yang, Z. L., Yao, H. J., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, C., Zang, J. J., Zhang, C., Zhang, D. L., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, P. F., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, W. Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, X. F., Zhou, C. Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, X., Zhu, Y., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

High energy cosmic ray electrons plus positrons (CREs), which lose energy quickly during their propagation, provide an ideal probe of Galactic high-energy processes and may enable the observation of phenomena such as dark-matter particle annihilation or decay. The CRE spectrum has been directly measured up to $\sim 2$ TeV in previous balloon- or space-borne experiments, and indirectly up to $\sim 5$ TeV by ground-based Cherenkov $\gamma$-ray telescope arrays. Evidence for a spectral break in the TeV energy range has been provided by indirect measurements of H.E.S.S., although the results were qualified by sizeable systematic uncertainties. Here we report a direct measurement of CREs in the energy range $25~{\rm GeV}-4.6~{\rm TeV}$ by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) with unprecedentedly high energy resolution and low background. The majority of the spectrum can be properly fitted by a smoothly broken power-law model rather than a single power-law model. The direct detection of a spectral break at $E \sim0.9$ TeV confirms the evidence found by H.E.S.S., clarifies the behavior of the CRE spectrum at energies above 1 TeV and sheds light on the physical origin of the sub-TeV CREs., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, Nature in press, doi:10.1038/nature24475

Published
2017
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4. The DArk Matter Particle Explorer mission

Author

Chang, J., Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Bertucci, B., Cai, M. S., Caragiulo, M., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. L., Chen, W., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., D'Amone, A., De Benedittis, A., De Mitri, I., Di Santo, M., Dong, J. N., Dong, T. K., Dong, Y. F., Dong, Z. X., Donvito, G., Droz, D., Duan, K. K., Duan, J. L., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, F., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gan, F. J., Gan, W. Q., Gao, M., Gao, S. S., Gargano, F., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, J. H., Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, D., Jiang, W., Jin, X., Kong, J., Lei, S. J., Li, S., Li, X., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. M., Liao, N. H., Liu, Q. Z., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, W. Q., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Lü, J., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, S. Y., Ma, T., Ma, X. Q., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Miao, T. T., Niu, X. Y., Pohl, M., Peng, X. Y., Peng, W. X., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Salinas, M. M., Shang, G. Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Song, J. X., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tian, X. B., Tykhonov, A., Vagelli, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, C., Wang, Chi, Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, X. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Z., Wen, S. C., Wang, Z. M., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. F., Wu, D., Wu, J., Wu, S. S., Wu, X., Xi, K., Xia, Z. Q., Xin, Y. L., Xu, H. T., Xu, Z. L., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, G. F., Yang, H. B., Yang, J., Yang, P., Yang, Y. Q., Yang, Z. L., Yao, H. J., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, C., Zang, J. J., Zhang, C., Zhang, D. L., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, P. F., Zhang, S. X., Zhang, W. Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, X. F., Zhou, C. Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, X., Zhu, Y., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), one of the four scientific space science missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is a general purpose high energy cosmic-ray and gamma-ray observatory, which was successfully launched on December 17th, 2015 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The DAMPE scientific objectives include the study of galactic cosmic rays up to $\sim 10$ TeV and hundreds of TeV for electrons/gammas and nuclei respectively, and the search for dark matter signatures in their spectra. In this paper we illustrate the layout of the DAMPE instrument, and discuss the results of beam tests and calibrations performed on ground. Finally we present the expected performance in space and give an overview of the mission key scientific goals., Comment: 45 pages, including 29 figures and 6 tables. Published in Astropart. Phys

Published
2017
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5. Magnetic Exchange Coupling and Anisotropy of 3d Transition-Metal Nanowire on the Surface of Graphyne Sheet

Author

He, Junjie, Zhou, Pan, Jiao, N., Ma, S. Y., Zhang, K. W., Wang, R. Z., and Sun, L. Z.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using density functional theory plus Hubbard-U (DFT+U) approach, we find that quasi one-dementation(1D) 3d transition metal(TM) zigzag nanowire can be constructed by TM adsorbed on the surface of graphyne sheet. The results show that the TM exchange coupling of the zigzag nanowire mediated by sp hybridized carbon atoms gives rise to long range ferromagnetic order except for Cr with anti-ferromagnetic order. The magnetic exchange interaction of TM chains follows like-Zener's p_z-d exchange mechanism: the coexistence of out-of plane p_z-d and in-plane p_x-y-d exchange. Finally, by including spin-orbit interactions within spin-DFT, we calculate the magnetic anisotropy energy of the TM chain on graphyne. We find that the Fe and Co chains show considerable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and orbital magnetic moment. The easy axis of V, Cr, Mn and Fe chains is perpendicular to the surface, whereas the easy axis of Co lies in the surface. Moreover, only V chain shows relatively larger in-plane anisotropy. Our results open a new route to realize the applications of graphyne in spintronics., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2013

8. Global 3‐D Distributions of O+ and H+ Ions in the Inner Magnetosphere Reconstructed by Voxel Tomography From TWINS ENA Images During a Large Magnetic Storm.

Author

Zeng, X. Y., Ma, S. Y., Xu, L., Valek, P., Wang, H., Xiong, C., and Cai, H. T.

Subjects
MAGNETIC storms, MAGNETOSPHERE, TOMOGRAPHY, PLASMA flow, DYNAMIC pressure
Abstract

Using improved voxel tomography method for energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission, global 3‐D distributions of O+ and H+ ions in the inner magnetosphere are reconstructed from ENA images remotely sensed by the Two Wide‐angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers (TWINS) mission during 15 July 2012 magnetic storm. The compositions of ENA‐O and ‐H are separated by statistical fitting based on start‐pulse‐height distributions. The errors in iterative inversions range from 0.12 to 0.28 at 16 and 32 keV. The reconstructed ion flux intensities at different storm phases match well with independent satellite in situ measurements. It is found that: (a) Responding to a pulse jump of solar wind dynamic pressure along with a northward reversal of IMF Bz during the initial phase, H+ ion fluxes enhanced greatly on outer dipole L‐shell of 6.5–8.0 in pre‐midnight off equator. Ts‐05 model tracing and pitch angles distribution of line‐of‐sights for ENA imaging suggest these be likely attributed to nearly field‐aligned earthward plasma flow from plasma‐sheet boundary layer region. Meanwhile, the trapped ring current (RC) ion fluxes peak at L ∼ 5 in the pre‐midnight equatorial region, decreasing with increasing latitude. (b) During the storm maximum the equatorial O+ fluxes have two separated peaks. The main one appeared in dusk at L ∼ 4, while the minor one in the pre‐dawn appeared at very low L ∼ 2.75 where the flux ratio O+/(O++H+) reached 60%. (c) The O+ flux fractions over equator exhibit prominent dusk‐dawn asymmetry, reversing from dusk quadrant prevailing before the main phase to dawn ascendant during the storm maximum. Key Points: The first study to perform O+ inversions from energetic neutral atom images and global 3‐D distributions are acquired by voxel tomography methodEquatorial O+ fluxes during storm maximum have separate peaks at dusk and dawn, with ascendant fraction of O+/(O++H+) at dawn quadrantSpecified meridian fluxes show dual components, relating severally to trapped ring current and plasma transport from/to magnetotail [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Effect of deposition rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components

Author

Zhang, P.-L., Jia, Z.-Y., Yan, H., Yu, Z.-S., Wu, D., Shi, H.-C., Wang, F.-X., Tian, Y.-T., Ma, S.-Y., Lei, W.-S., Zhang, P.-L., Jia, Z.-Y., Yan, H., Yu, Z.-S., Wu, D., Shi, H.-C., Wang, F.-X., Tian, Y.-T., Ma, S.-Y., and Lei, W.-S.

Abstract

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a novel manufacturing technique by which high strength metal components can be fabricated layer by layer using an electric arc as the heat source and metal wire as feedstock, and offers the potential to produce large dimensional structures at much higher build rate and minimum waste of raw material. In the present work, a cold metal transfer (CMT) based additive manufacturing was carried out and the effect of deposition rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAM Ti-6Al-4V components was investigated. The microstructure of WAAM components showed similar microstructural morphology in all deposition conditions. When the deposition rate increased from 1.63 to 2.23 kg/h, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) decreased from 984.6 MPa to 899.2 MPa and the micro-hardness showed a scattered but clear decline trend.

Published
2021

23. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Ciccarelli, D., Fontana, V., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Marchetti, Z., Rodrigues, A. V., Bekker, R., Honnay, O., Chapin, F. S., Bauters, M., Amiaud, B., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Romermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Amoroso, M. M., Marchino, L., Coll, L., Roscher, C., Cherubini, P., Kloeppel, B., Rosell, J. A., Rosenfield, M. F., Kraft, N. J. B., Hornstein, D., Rossi, C., Roy, D. B., Belfry, G., Royer-Tardif, S., Marcilio-Silva, V., Pakeman, R. J., Ruger, N., Ma, S. Y., Ruiz-Peinado, R., Forey, E., Rumpf, S. B., Collins, C. G., Kramer, K., Rusch, G. M., Hou, E. Q., Ryo, M., Papageorgiou, A. C., Sack, L., Falster, D. S., Ammer, C., Saldana, A., Salgado-Negret, B., Salguero-Gomez, R., Belluau, M., Santa-Regina, I., Forgiarini, C., Bahalkeh, K., Parfionova, E., Santacruz-Garcia, A. C., Santos, J., Asmara, D. H., Morrison, J., Marcon, E., Conti, L., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Koike, F., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Kreft, H., Schmitt, S., Mucina, L., Francois, L., Marignani, M., Beloiu, M., Ejtehadi, H., Schneider, J. V., Partel, M., Schowanek, S. D., Coomes, D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Mueller, S., Kuhn, I., Schurr, F., Kitzberger, T., Garvizu, G. S., Patacca, M., Semchenko, M., Frangipani, M., Hough-Snee, N., Seymour, C., Sfair, J. C., Benavides, R., Muir, C. D., Sharpe, J. M., Albert, C. H., Kumarathunge, D., Finegan, B., Cailleret, M., Sheppard, C. S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T. A., Adamidis, G. C., Muller, S. C., Frank, D., Siebenkas, A., Baldocchi, D., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Markesteijn, L., Kuppler, J., Silva, M., Benomar, L., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Sitzia, T., Baruch, Z., Sjoman, H., Moravcova, L., Slot, M., Hovstad, K. A., Smith, N. G., Frenette-Dussault, C., Martin, A., Sodhi, D., Kurokawa, H., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Heuertz, M., Camac, J., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sorensen, M. V., Cornwell, W. K., Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Ichie, T., Cavender-Bares, J., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Carbognani, M., Paula, S., Munoz, F., Freschet, G. T., Souza, A. F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M. G., Stan, A. B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Baltzer, J., Stephan, J. G., Paule, J., Igic, B., Myers-Smith, I. H., Corona, P., Hattingh, W., Sterck, F., Berenguer, E., Fry, E. L., Stojanovic, D. B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M. L., Pauli, H., Martinez-Garza, C., Svenning, J. C., Pereira, C. M. R., Svitkova, I., Svitok, M., Illa, E., Kurosawa, Y., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Coyea, M., Pausas, J. G., Swenson, N., Byun, C., Martinez-Vilalta, J., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Tabarelli, M., Bergamin, R., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Burrascano, S., Peco, B., Isaac, M., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., te Beest, M., Myster, R. W., Maskova, T., Tedersoo, L., Craine, J., Fyllas, N. M., Thiffault, N., Chianucci, F., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Kuyah, S., Bergmann, J., Ishihara, M., Nagano, M., Thompson, K., Mason, K., Thornton, P. E., Thuiller, W., Kollmann, J., Tichy, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M. G., Mazzochini, G. G., Craven, D., Laclau, J. P., Feng, Y. H., Tng, D. Y. P., Tobias, J., Fan, Y., Bazzato, E., Ivanov, L., Torok, P., Tarin, T., Carlucci, M. B., Torres-Ruiz, J. M., Tothmeresz, B., Treurnicht, M., Chelli, S., Trivellone, V., Lafleur, B., Penuelas, J., Anand, M., Kjoller, R., Trolliet, F., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Ivanova, L., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J. L., Tsiripidis, I., Naidu, S., Tysklind, N., Barneche, D. R., Umehara, T., Berner, L., Lallai, E., Mason, N., Usoltsev, V. A., Vadeboncoeur, M., Gachet, S., Vaezi, J., Elser, J., Narayanan, A., Helm, A., Valladares, F., Csecserits, A., Vamosi, J., van Bodegom, P. M., van Breugel, M., E-Vojtko, A., Bahn, M., Van Cleemput, E., van de Weg, M., van der Merwe, S., Perea, A., Natesan, B., Bernhardt-Romermann, M., Gallagher, R., Iversen, C. M., van der Plas, F., van der Sande, M. T., van Kleunen, M., Massad, T. J., Cufar, K., Lamb, E., Peri, P. L., Van Meerbeek, K., Negoita, L., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K. A., Varhammar, A., Varone, L., Valderrama, M. Y., Asner, G. P., Ganade, G., Masse, J., Hipp, A. L., Vassilev, K., Bigler, C., Hickler, T., Lamprecht, A., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E. J., Cuntz, M., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Firn, J., Vieira, I., Mayrose, I., Camarero, J. J., Mack, M., Villacis, J., Ganga, F., Larkin, D. J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Petisco-Souza, A. C., Bjorkman, A. D., Waldram, M., Alcantara, J. M., McCarthy, J., Nelson, A. S., Waldron, A., Walker, A. P., Izquierdo, J., Waller, M., Hawes, J. E., Petraglia, A., Walther, G., Garcia-Palacios, P., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W. Q., Han, W. X., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Blackman, C., Petritan, A. M., da Silva, A. C., Jackson, R. B., Laughlin, D., Weber, U., Weedon, J. T., Wei, L. P., Neuschulz, E. L., Gargaglione, V., McCormack, M. L., Weigelt, P., Phillips, O. L., Weiher, E., Wells, A. W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Carvalho, F., Jackson, B., Bastianelli, D., Westwood, A., Dahlin, K. M., Komac, B., Banerjee, A., Blanco, C., White, P. J., Garnier, E., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D. E., Winter, K., Ni, J., Esser, G., Moreno-Martinez, A., Womack, C., Jactel, H., McCulloh, K., Wright, I. J., Wright, S. J., Wright, J., Dainese, M., Pinho, B. X., Marques, M., Niedrist, G., Pierce, S., Blonder, B., Ximenes, F., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Yamada, T., Klein, T., Yamaji, K., Jagodzinski, A. M., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Kitajima, K, Fernandez-Mendez, F., Zanini, K. J., Zanne, A. E., Dalke, I., Garrido, J. L., le Maire, G., McFadden, I. R., Zeleny, D., Zhao, Y. P., Blumenthal, D., Pillar, V. D., Jandt, U., Nieto, J., Zheng, J. M., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Zirbel, C. R., Zizka, G., Zo-Bi, I. C., Fang, J. Y., le Roux, P. C., Choat, B., Zotz, G., de Gasper, A. L., Chen, S. C., Dalle Fratte, M., Wirth, C., Jansen, S., Bocanegra-Gonzalez, K. T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Bohning-Gaese, K., Pisek, J., Hempel, S., Boisvert-Marsh, L., le Roux, E., Niinemets, U., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Gea-Izquierdo, G., Boonman, C. C. F., Emilio, T., Beckmann, M., Anh, T. D. L., Bordin, K., McGill, B. J., Boughton, E. H., Maire, V., Boukili, V., Lee, T., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M. R., Hirons, A., Broadley, M. R., Brown, K. A., Anderson, C., Jenkins, T., McPartland, M. Y., Nolan, R., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Danihelka, J., Lens, F., Pomogaybin, A., Bruun, H. H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S. W., Bucher, S. F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Ashman, T. L., Medeiros, J. S., Bunker, D. E., Jentsch, A., Flowers, T. J., Gibson, D., Burger, J., Baker, T., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., de Beer, A. J., Alcazar, C. C., Baastrup-Spohr, L., De Frutos, A., Medlyn, B., Poorter, H., De Long, J. R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Jespersen, J. R. P., Delpierre, N, He, T. H., Gillison, A. N., Derroire, G., Nottebrock, H., Dias, A. S., Moretti, M., Diaz-Toribio, M. H., Meerts, P., Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Dobrowolski, M., Aleixo, I., Doktor, D., Drevojan, P., Campany, C., Lewis, S. L., Nouvellon, Y., Portsmuth, A., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Giroldo, A., Mehrabi, Z., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Canullo, R., Novakovskiy, A., Ali, H., Lhotsky, B., Aspinwall, M., Dymova, O., Cervellini, M., Glasenhardt, M. C., Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Scalon, M. C., Catford, J. A., Goldberg, E., Nystuen, K. O., Goldel, B., Gonzalez-Akre, E., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L., Li, Y. Z., Anten, N., Kleyer, M., Jiang, G. F., Gonzalez-Melo, A., Poschlod, P., Gonzalez-Robles, A., Graae, B. J., O'Grady, A., Granda, E., Graves, S., Caccianiga, M., Green, W. A., Gregor, T., Estiarte, M., Meir, P., Potvin, C., Gross, N., Guerin, G. R., Johansen, J. L., Battles, J., Gunther, A., Antos, J., Gutierrez, A. G., Haddock, L, Haines, A., Hall, J., Pounds, D., Cadotte, M., Melo, F. P. L., Casanoves, F., Hambuckers, A., Ferrara, C., Johnson, D., Jokela, E. J., Joly, C. A., Engemann, K., Jordan, G. J., Powell, A. S., Joseph, G. S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R. R., Baranger, A., Campetella, G., Makela, A., Li, X. E., Justes, E., Atkin, O., Kabzems, R., Power, S. A., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Erfanian, M. B., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Hentschel, J., O'Hara, K., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Lichstein, J. W., Chung, K. S., Kenzo, T., Campos, J. A., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M. I., Aubin, I., Kinlock, N. L., Erfmeier, A., O'Reilly-Nugent, A., Farris, E., Kissling, W. D., Hock, M., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J. Y., Lin, Y. S., Apgaua, D. M. G., Linares, J. C., Liu, C. J., Baker, W. J., Liu, D. J., Chen, A. P., Domingues, T. F., Mori, A. S., Mencuccini, M., Liu, U., Castagneyrol, B., Livingstone, S., Llusia, J., Lohbeck, M., He, P. C., Lopez-Garcia, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Klotz, S., Prinzing, A., Lososova, Z., Louault, F., Meredieu, C., Lukacs, B. A., Fagan, W. F., Bakker, J. P., Lukes, P., Adamson, K., Luo, Y. J., Heberling, J. M., Puglielli, G., Hietz, P., Lussu, M., Messier, J., Meszaros, I., Metsaranta, J., Cano-Arboleda, L., Michaletz, S. T., Michelaki, C., Chacon-Madrigal, E., Migalina, S., Flynn, D. F. B, Herault, B., Oakley, S., Milla, R., Fazlioglu, F., Miller, J. E. D., Barlow, J., Minden, V., Klimesova, J., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Mallik, A., Moles, A. T., Molnar, V. A., Oberhuber, W., Molofsky, J., Heres, A. M., Chapin, K., Molz, M., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Montgomery, R. A., Klipel, J., Komatsu, K., Monty, A., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Ollerer, K., Fagundez, J., Olson, M. E., Onipchenko, V., Ferreira, J., Onoda, Y., Knops, J. M. H., Beeckman, H., Bauerle, W., Higuchi, P., Onstein, R. E., Aiba, M., Ordonez, J. C., Makinen, H., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Pysek, P., Overbeck, G. E., Kohyama, T., Fidelis, A., Ozinga, W. A., Eckstein, R. L., Pahl, A. T., Malhado, A. C. M., Paine, C. E. T., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Herz, K., Ray, C. A., Reich, P. B., Hogan, J. A., Reichstein, M., Manning, P., Chytry, M., Konig, C., Reid, D. E. B., Butterfield, B. J., Rejou-Mechain, M., Mori, S., de Dios, V. R., Beierkuhnlein, C., Ribeiro, S, Richardson, S, Riibak, K., Manzoni, S., Holl, K., Rillig, M. C., Harrison, S. P., Riviera, F., Morris, D., Robert, E. M. R., Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Ciccarelli, D., Fontana, V., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Marchetti, Z., Rodrigues, A. V., Bekker, R., Honnay, O., Chapin, F. S., Bauters, M., Amiaud, B., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Romermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Amoroso, M. M., Marchino, L., Coll, L., Roscher, C., Cherubini, P., Kloeppel, B., Rosell, J. A., Rosenfield, M. F., Kraft, N. J. B., Hornstein, D., Rossi, C., Roy, D. B., Belfry, G., Royer-Tardif, S., Marcilio-Silva, V., Pakeman, R. J., Ruger, N., Ma, S. Y., Ruiz-Peinado, R., Forey, E., Rumpf, S. B., Collins, C. G., Kramer, K., Rusch, G. M., Hou, E. Q., Ryo, M., Papageorgiou, A. C., Sack, L., Falster, D. S., Ammer, C., Saldana, A., Salgado-Negret, B., Salguero-Gomez, R., Belluau, M., Santa-Regina, I., Forgiarini, C., Bahalkeh, K., Parfionova, E., Santacruz-Garcia, A. C., Santos, J., Asmara, D. H., Morrison, J., Marcon, E., Conti, L., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Koike, F., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Kreft, H., Schmitt, S., Mucina, L., Francois, L., Marignani, M., Beloiu, M., Ejtehadi, H., Schneider, J. V., Partel, M., Schowanek, S. D., Coomes, D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Mueller, S., Kuhn, I., Schurr, F., Kitzberger, T., Garvizu, G. S., Patacca, M., Semchenko, M., Frangipani, M., Hough-Snee, N., Seymour, C., Sfair, J. C., Benavides, R., Muir, C. D., Sharpe, J. M., Albert, C. H., Kumarathunge, D., Finegan, B., Cailleret, M., Sheppard, C. S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T. A., Adamidis, G. C., Muller, S. C., Frank, D., Siebenkas, A., Baldocchi, D., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Markesteijn, L., Kuppler, J., Silva, M., Benomar, L., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Sitzia, T., Baruch, Z., Sjoman, H., Moravcova, L., Slot, M., Hovstad, K. A., Smith, N. G., Frenette-Dussault, C., Martin, A., Sodhi, D., Kurokawa, H., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Heuertz, M., Camac, J., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sorensen, M. V., Cornwell, W. K., Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Ichie, T., Cavender-Bares, J., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Carbognani, M., Paula, S., Munoz, F., Freschet, G. T., Souza, A. F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M. G., Stan, A. B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Baltzer, J., Stephan, J. G., Paule, J., Igic, B., Myers-Smith, I. H., Corona, P., Hattingh, W., Sterck, F., Berenguer, E., Fry, E. L., Stojanovic, D. B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M. L., Pauli, H., Martinez-Garza, C., Svenning, J. C., Pereira, C. M. R., Svitkova, I., Svitok, M., Illa, E., Kurosawa, Y., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Coyea, M., Pausas, J. G., Swenson, N., Byun, C., Martinez-Vilalta, J., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Tabarelli, M., Bergamin, R., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Burrascano, S., Peco, B., Isaac, M., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., te Beest, M., Myster, R. W., Maskova, T., Tedersoo, L., Craine, J., Fyllas, N. M., Thiffault, N., Chianucci, F., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Kuyah, S., Bergmann, J., Ishihara, M., Nagano, M., Thompson, K., Mason, K., Thornton, P. E., Thuiller, W., Kollmann, J., Tichy, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M. G., Mazzochini, G. G., Craven, D., Laclau, J. P., Feng, Y. H., Tng, D. Y. P., Tobias, J., Fan, Y., Bazzato, E., Ivanov, L., Torok, P., Tarin, T., Carlucci, M. B., Torres-Ruiz, J. M., Tothmeresz, B., Treurnicht, M., Chelli, S., Trivellone, V., Lafleur, B., Penuelas, J., Anand, M., Kjoller, R., Trolliet, F., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Ivanova, L., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J. L., Tsiripidis, I., Naidu, S., Tysklind, N., Barneche, D. R., Umehara, T., Berner, L., Lallai, E., Mason, N., Usoltsev, V. A., Vadeboncoeur, M., Gachet, S., Vaezi, J., Elser, J., Narayanan, A., Helm, A., Valladares, F., Csecserits, A., Vamosi, J., van Bodegom, P. M., van Breugel, M., E-Vojtko, A., Bahn, M., Van Cleemput, E., van de Weg, M., van der Merwe, S., Perea, A., Natesan, B., Bernhardt-Romermann, M., Gallagher, R., Iversen, C. M., van der Plas, F., van der Sande, M. T., van Kleunen, M., Massad, T. J., Cufar, K., Lamb, E., Peri, P. L., Van Meerbeek, K., Negoita, L., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K. A., Varhammar, A., Varone, L., Valderrama, M. Y., Asner, G. P., Ganade, G., Masse, J., Hipp, A. L., Vassilev, K., Bigler, C., Hickler, T., Lamprecht, A., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E. J., Cuntz, M., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Firn, J., Vieira, I., Mayrose, I., Camarero, J. J., Mack, M., Villacis, J., Ganga, F., Larkin, D. J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Petisco-Souza, A. C., Bjorkman, A. D., Waldram, M., Alcantara, J. M., McCarthy, J., Nelson, A. S., Waldron, A., Walker, A. P., Izquierdo, J., Waller, M., Hawes, J. E., Petraglia, A., Walther, G., Garcia-Palacios, P., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W. Q., Han, W. X., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Blackman, C., Petritan, A. M., da Silva, A. C., Jackson, R. B., Laughlin, D., Weber, U., Weedon, J. T., Wei, L. P., Neuschulz, E. L., Gargaglione, V., McCormack, M. L., Weigelt, P., Phillips, O. L., Weiher, E., Wells, A. W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Carvalho, F., Jackson, B., Bastianelli, D., Westwood, A., Dahlin, K. M., Komac, B., Banerjee, A., Blanco, C., White, P. J., Garnier, E., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D. E., Winter, K., Ni, J., Esser, G., Moreno-Martinez, A., Womack, C., Jactel, H., McCulloh, K., Wright, I. J., Wright, S. J., Wright, J., Dainese, M., Pinho, B. X., Marques, M., Niedrist, G., Pierce, S., Blonder, B., Ximenes, F., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Yamada, T., Klein, T., Yamaji, K., Jagodzinski, A. M., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Kitajima, K, Fernandez-Mendez, F., Zanini, K. J., Zanne, A. E., Dalke, I., Garrido, J. L., le Maire, G., McFadden, I. R., Zeleny, D., Zhao, Y. P., Blumenthal, D., Pillar, V. D., Jandt, U., Nieto, J., Zheng, J. M., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Zirbel, C. R., Zizka, G., Zo-Bi, I. C., Fang, J. Y., le Roux, P. C., Choat, B., Zotz, G., de Gasper, A. L., Chen, S. C., Dalle Fratte, M., Wirth, C., Jansen, S., Bocanegra-Gonzalez, K. T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Bohning-Gaese, K., Pisek, J., Hempel, S., Boisvert-Marsh, L., le Roux, E., Niinemets, U., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Gea-Izquierdo, G., Boonman, C. C. F., Emilio, T., Beckmann, M., Anh, T. D. L., Bordin, K., McGill, B. J., Boughton, E. H., Maire, V., Boukili, V., Lee, T., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M. R., Hirons, A., Broadley, M. R., Brown, K. A., Anderson, C., Jenkins, T., McPartland, M. Y., Nolan, R., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Danihelka, J., Lens, F., Pomogaybin, A., Bruun, H. H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S. W., Bucher, S. F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Ashman, T. L., Medeiros, J. S., Bunker, D. E., Jentsch, A., Flowers, T. J., Gibson, D., Burger, J., Baker, T., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., de Beer, A. J., Alcazar, C. C., Baastrup-Spohr, L., De Frutos, A., Medlyn, B., Poorter, H., De Long, J. R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Jespersen, J. R. P., Delpierre, N, He, T. H., Gillison, A. N., Derroire, G., Nottebrock, H., Dias, A. S., Moretti, M., Diaz-Toribio, M. H., Meerts, P., Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Dobrowolski, M., Aleixo, I., Doktor, D., Drevojan, P., Campany, C., Lewis, S. L., Nouvellon, Y., Portsmuth, A., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Giroldo, A., Mehrabi, Z., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Canullo, R., Novakovskiy, A., Ali, H., Lhotsky, B., Aspinwall, M., Dymova, O., Cervellini, M., Glasenhardt, M. C., Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Scalon, M. C., Catford, J. A., Goldberg, E., Nystuen, K. O., Goldel, B., Gonzalez-Akre, E., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L., Li, Y. Z., Anten, N., Kleyer, M., Jiang, G. F., Gonzalez-Melo, A., Poschlod, P., Gonzalez-Robles, A., Graae, B. J., O'Grady, A., Granda, E., Graves, S., Caccianiga, M., Green, W. A., Gregor, T., Estiarte, M., Meir, P., Potvin, C., Gross, N., Guerin, G. R., Johansen, J. L., Battles, J., Gunther, A., Antos, J., Gutierrez, A. G., Haddock, L, Haines, A., Hall, J., Pounds, D., Cadotte, M., Melo, F. P. L., Casanoves, F., Hambuckers, A., Ferrara, C., Johnson, D., Jokela, E. J., Joly, C. A., Engemann, K., Jordan, G. J., Powell, A. S., Joseph, G. S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R. R., Baranger, A., Campetella, G., Makela, A., Li, X. E., Justes, E., Atkin, O., Kabzems, R., Power, S. A., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Erfanian, M. B., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Hentschel, J., O'Hara, K., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Lichstein, J. W., Chung, K. S., Kenzo, T., Campos, J. A., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M. I., Aubin, I., Kinlock, N. L., Erfmeier, A., O'Reilly-Nugent, A., Farris, E., Kissling, W. D., Hock, M., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J. Y., Lin, Y. S., Apgaua, D. M. G., Linares, J. C., Liu, C. J., Baker, W. J., Liu, D. J., Chen, A. P., Domingues, T. F., Mori, A. S., Mencuccini, M., Liu, U., Castagneyrol, B., Livingstone, S., Llusia, J., Lohbeck, M., He, P. C., Lopez-Garcia, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Klotz, S., Prinzing, A., Lososova, Z., Louault, F., Meredieu, C., Lukacs, B. A., Fagan, W. F., Bakker, J. P., Lukes, P., Adamson, K., Luo, Y. J., Heberling, J. M., Puglielli, G., Hietz, P., Lussu, M., Messier, J., Meszaros, I., Metsaranta, J., Cano-Arboleda, L., Michaletz, S. T., Michelaki, C., Chacon-Madrigal, E., Migalina, S., Flynn, D. F. B, Herault, B., Oakley, S., Milla, R., Fazlioglu, F., Miller, J. E. D., Barlow, J., Minden, V., Klimesova, J., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Mallik, A., Moles, A. T., Molnar, V. A., Oberhuber, W., Molofsky, J., Heres, A. M., Chapin, K., Molz, M., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Montgomery, R. A., Klipel, J., Komatsu, K., Monty, A., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Ollerer, K., Fagundez, J., Olson, M. E., Onipchenko, V., Ferreira, J., Onoda, Y., Knops, J. M. H., Beeckman, H., Bauerle, W., Higuchi, P., Onstein, R. E., Aiba, M., Ordonez, J. C., Makinen, H., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Pysek, P., Overbeck, G. E., Kohyama, T., Fidelis, A., Ozinga, W. A., Eckstein, R. L., Pahl, A. T., Malhado, A. C. M., Paine, C. E. T., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Herz, K., Ray, C. A., Reich, P. B., Hogan, J. A., Reichstein, M., Manning, P., Chytry, M., Konig, C., Reid, D. E. B., Butterfield, B. J., Rejou-Mechain, M., Mori, S., de Dios, V. R., Beierkuhnlein, C., Ribeiro, S, Richardson, S, Riibak, K., Manzoni, S., Holl, K., Rillig, M. C., Harrison, S. P., Riviera, F., Morris, D., and Robert, E. M. R.

Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

25. Thermal Fatigue Crack Resistance of Ductile Iron Biomimetic Crack Blocked Units Fabricated by Laser Remelting.

Author

MA, S.-Y., ZHOU, T., ZHOU, H., PANG, X.-Y., ZHI, B.-F., CHANG, G., and WANG, S.-Y.

Subjects
*THERMAL fatigue, *NODULAR iron, *FATIGUE cracks, *LASERS, *THERMAL properties, *ELECTROSLAG process, *DUCTILE fractures, *BIOMIMETIC materials
Abstract

Nodular iron brake discs often fail due to serious thermal fatigue cracking. The existence of graphite complicates the repair of the crack defects of ductile iron. This study presented a new idea of ductile iron brake disc remanufacturing based on coupled bionics and repaired ductile iron with thermal fatigue cracks discontinuously by bio-inspired crack blocked units fabricated by laser remelting with different laser parameters. Then tensile strength and thermal fatigue crack resistance of the units with various laser energy inputs were tested. The hardness, microstructure and phases in the units were characterized, as well as the anti-crack mechanism of the units being analysed. It was found the units positively impacted both the thermal fatigue resistance and tensile strength. The unit fabricated with a laser energy of 463 68 15 . +19 -15 + J/mm² exhibited the highest tensile strength and the most significant improvement on thermal fatigue properties, which increased by 20.65 and 250% respectively compared with the untreated sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

27. FFAR4 promotes cell proliferation and migration and servers as a potential biomarker for clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in laryngocarcinoma.

Author

ZHOU, L.-Z., CUI, Y.-X., WANG, W.-Z., WU, J., SUN, Z., and MA, S.-Y.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The poor prognosis of advanced laryngocarcinoma was associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which was related to the dysregulated expression of free fatty acids receptor 4 (FFAR4). By detecting the expression of FFAR4 in laryngocarcinoma and its relation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of laryngocarcinoma, as well as conducting in vitro experiments, our aim is to explore the role of FFAR4 in laryngocarcinoma biological and clinical process. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The protein expression level of FFAR4 in 54 cases of laryngocarcinoma and 30 cases of laryngocarcinoma adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Combined with clinical follow-up data, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were conducted to compare the relation between the expression of FFAR4, the clinicopathological characteristics, and the 5-year survival rate in laryngocarcinoma. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed the independent predictors for the prognosis of laryngocarcinoma. CCK-8 and migration assay were used to test cell proliferation and migration abilities. RESULTS: FFAR4 was upregulated in laryngocarcinoma tissues and influenced cell proliferation and migration abilities. The FFAR4 expression was related to the age and lymph node metastasis in laryngocarcinoma patients and indicated a reduced 5-year survival rate and increased lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The upregulation FFAR4 expression was associated with the lymph node metastasis and the prognosis. FFAR4 can significantly promote laryngocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

28. KCNMA1-AS1 attenuates apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and serves as a risk factor for poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Author

MA, S.-Y., WEI, P., and QU, F.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of KCNMA1-AS1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and its underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We first screened out the differentially expressed lncRNAs (KCNMA1-AS1) in the GEO (gene expression omnibus) database. The relationship between KCNMA1-AS1 expression and prognosis of EOC with different pathological types was analyzed by meta-analysis. Subsequently, KCNMA1-AS1 expressions in EOC tissues and normal ovarian tissues were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between KCNMA1-AS1 level with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of EOC was analyzed. Furthermore, proliferation and migration of EOC cells transfected with the corresponding plasmids were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related genes in EOC cells were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: KCNMA1-AS1 was a risk factor for prognosis in high-grade, advanced and serous EOC. Upregulated KCNMA1-AS1 was found in EOC tissues than that of normal tissues, showing the diagnostic potential of KCNMA1-AS1 in EOC. Statistical analysis indicated that KCNMA1-AS1 was not correlated with the DFS, OS, age, histological type, lymph node metastasis and recurrence, but related to FIGO stage of EOC patients. For in vitro experiments, the proliferation and migration of were enhanced, and apoptosis of HO8910 cells overexpressing KCNMA1-AS1 was inhibited. Furthermore, elevated expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, as well as reduced expression of Bcl-xL, were observed after KCNMA1-AS1 knockdown in EOC cells. CONCLUSIONS: KCNMA1-AS1 is overexpressed in EOC and negatively correlated with its prognosis. KCNMA1-AS1 participates in the occurrence and development of EOC by promoting proliferation, migration and inhibiting apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells via apoptosis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

29. Tidal signatures of the thermospheric mass density and zonal wind at midlatitude: CHAMP and GRACE observations

Author

Xiong, C., Zhou, Y.-L., Lühr, H., and Ma, S.-Y.

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

By using the accelerometer measurements from CHAMP and GRACE satellites, the tidal signatures of the thermospheric mass density and zonal wind at midlatitudes have been analyzed in this study. The results show that the mass density and zonal wind at southern midlatitudes are dominated by a longitudinal wave-1 pattern. The most prominent tidal components in mass density and zonal wind are the diurnal tides D0 and DW2 and the semidiurnal tides SW1 and SW3. This is consistent with the tidal signatures in the F region electron density at midlatitudes as reported by Xiong and Lühr (2014). These same tidal components are observed both in the thermospheric and ionospheric quantities, supporting a mechanism that the non-migrating tides in the upper atmosphere are excited in situ by ion–neutral interactions at midlatitudes, consistent with the modeling results of Jones Jr. et al. (2013). We regard the thermospheric dynamics as the main driver for the electron density tidal structures. An example is the in-phase variation of D0 between electron density and mass density in both hemispheres. Further research including coupled atmospheric models is probably needed for explaining the similarities and differences between thermospheric and ionospheric tidal signals at midlatitudes.

Published
2015

33. A model - data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis

Author

McCaughey, H., Sahoo, A. K., Riley, W., Lokupitiya, E., Price, D. T., Riciutto, D. M., Ciais, P., Dietze, M., Sprintsin, M., Liu, S. G., Chen, J. M., Barr, A., Law, B. E., Schwalm, C. R., Tian, H. Q., Oechel, W. C., Williams, C. A., Davis, K. J., Verma, S. B., Luo, Y. Q., Verbeeck, H., Tonitto, C., Dragoni, D., Peng, C. H., Margolis, H., Gu, L. H., Li, Z. P., Ma, S. Y., Matamala, R., Grant, R., Desai, A., Anderson, R., Hollinger, D., Flanagan, L. B., Fischer, M. L., Poulter, B., Li, L. H., Baker, I., Sun, J. E., Monson, R. K., Schaefer, K., Chen, G. S., Lafleur, P., Kucharik, C., Black, T.A., Izaurralde, R. C., and Arain, M. A.

Published
2010
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34. Cusp observations during a sequence of fast IMF BZ reversals

Author

Cai, H. T., Mccrea, I. W., Dunlop, M.W., Davies, J. A., Bogdanova, Y. V., Pitout, Frederic, Milan, S. E., Lockwood, M., Ma, S. Y., School of Electronic Information [Wuhan], Wuhan University [China], Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Department of Physics [Victoria], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], and University of Leicester

Subjects
Plasma convection, Magnetospheric physics (Magnetopause cusp and boundary layers), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Physics::Space Physics, Ionosphere (Polar ionosphere)
Abstract

In recent years, a large number of papers have reported the response of the cusp to solar wind variations under conditions of northward or southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) Z-component (BZ). These studies have shown the importance of both temporal and spatial factors in determining the extent and morphology of the cusp and the changes in its location, connected to variations in the reconnection geometry. Here we present a comparative study of the cusp, focusing on an interval characterised by a series of rapid reversals in the BZ-dominated IMF, based on observations from space-borne and ground-based instrumentation. During this interval, from 08:00 to 12:00 UT on 12 February 2003, the IMF BZ component underwent four reversals, remaining for around 30 min in each orientation. The Cluster spacecraft were, at the time, on an outbound trajectory through the Northern Hemisphere magnetosphere, whilst the mainland VHF and Svalbard (ESR) radars of the EISCAT facility were operating in support of the Cluster mission. Both Cluster and the EISCAT were, on occasion during the interval, observing the cusp region. The series of IMF reversals resulted in a sequence of poleward and equatorward motions of the cusp; consequently Cluster crossed the high-altitude cusp twice before finally exiting the dayside magnetopause, both times under conditions of northward IMF BZ. The first magnetospheric cusp encounter, by all four Cluster spacecraft, showed reverse ion dispersion typical of lobe reconnection; subsequently, Cluster spacecraft 1 and 3 (only) crossed the cusp for a second time. We suggest that, during this second cusp crossing, these two spacecraft were likely to have been on newly closed field lines, which were first reconnected (opened) at low latitudes and later reconnected again (re-closed) poleward of the northern cusp. At ionospheric altitudes, the latitudinal excursions of the cusp/cleft region in response to the series of the IMF polarity changes were clearly captured by both the ESR and the Pykkvibaer radar of the SuperDARN HF network. The Open-Closed field-line Boundary (OCB) inferred from the HF radar observations underwent latitudinal variations in response to the IMF polarity changes that are in accordance with those predicted by Newell et al. (1989). Furthermore, variations in the ionospheric parameters yielded by the EISCAT VHF and ESR radars are basically consistent with inferences drawn from the HF radar observations. We conclude that Cluster spacecraft 1 and 3 crossed the cusp for a second time as a result of the latitudinal migration of the cusp in response to the IMF polarity reversals; at that time, however, the cusp lay poleward of spacecraft 4. Snapshots of the cusp from two DMSP satellite passes provide further support for this interpretation.

Published
2009
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35. Effects of substitution of X (X=rhenium, chromium and zirconium) on the properties of Co7Mo6 μ phase: A first-principles study.

Author

Ma, S. Y., Ren, N. N., and Zhang, J. X.

Subjects
*SUBSTITUTION reactions, *RHENIUM compounds, *ZIRCONIUM compounds, *DENSITY functional theory, *ELECTRONIC structure
Abstract

The effects of three typical refractory elements (rhenium, chromium and zirconium) substituting the molybdenum atom in Co7Mo6 μ phase were investigated using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). Energy (including binding energy and defect energy) and electronic structures (including density of states and charge density) of Co7Mo5X (X=rhenium, chromium and zirconium) were calculated. The optimized lattice structure of Co7Mo6 agrees well with the experimental data. The calculated results show the bonding between doped rhenium atom and its nearest neighbor molybdenum and cobalt atoms gets visibly stronger, contributing to the good stability of the unit cell. Neverthless, the bonding between chromium and its nearest neighbor molybdenum and cobalt is weaker, and the zirconium-molybdenum and zirconium-cobalt bonds are much weaker. The results reveal rhenium tends to participate in the formation of μ phase, but zirconium and chromium atoms are not prone to concentrate in μ phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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46. Global 3‐D Distributions of O+and H+Ions in the Inner Magnetosphere Reconstructed by Voxel Tomography From TWINS ENA Images During a Large Magnetic Storm

Author

Zeng, X. Y., Ma, S. Y., Xu, L., Valek, P., Wang, H., Xiong, C., and Cai, H. T.

Abstract

Using improved voxel tomography method for energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission, global 3‐D distributions of O+and H+ions in the inner magnetosphere are reconstructed from ENA images remotely sensed by the Two Wide‐angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers (TWINS) mission during 15 July 2012 magnetic storm. The compositions of ENA‐O and ‐H are separated by statistical fitting based on start‐pulse‐height distributions. The errors in iterative inversions range from 0.12 to 0.28 at 16 and 32 keV. The reconstructed ion flux intensities at different storm phases match well with independent satellite in situ measurements. It is found that: (a) Responding to a pulse jump of solar wind dynamic pressure along with a northward reversal of IMF Bzduring the initial phase, H+ion fluxes enhanced greatly on outer dipole L‐shell of 6.5–8.0 in pre‐midnight off equator. Ts‐05 model tracing and pitch angles distribution of line‐of‐sights for ENA imaging suggest these be likely attributed to nearly field‐aligned earthward plasma flow from plasma‐sheet boundary layer region. Meanwhile, the trapped ring current (RC) ion fluxes peak at L ∼ 5 in the pre‐midnight equatorial region, decreasing with increasing latitude. (b) During the storm maximum the equatorial O+fluxes have two separated peaks. The main one appeared in dusk at L ∼ 4, while the minor one in the pre‐dawn appeared at very low L ∼ 2.75 where the flux ratio O+/(O++H+) reached 60%. (c) The O+flux fractions over equator exhibit prominent dusk‐dawn asymmetry, reversing from dusk quadrant prevailing before the main phase to dawn ascendant during the storm maximum. The first study to perform O+inversions from energetic neutral atom images and global 3‐D distributions are acquired by voxel tomography methodEquatorial O+fluxes during storm maximum have separate peaks at dusk and dawn, with ascendant fraction of O+/(O++H+) at dawn quadrantSpecified meridian fluxes show dual components, relating severally to trapped ring current and plasma transport from/to magnetotail The first study to perform O+inversions from energetic neutral atom images and global 3‐D distributions are acquired by voxel tomography method Equatorial O+fluxes during storm maximum have separate peaks at dusk and dawn, with ascendant fraction of O+/(O++H+) at dawn quadrant Specified meridian fluxes show dual components, relating severally to trapped ring current and plasma transport from/to magnetotail

Published
2023
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