Search

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor is an important pentameric inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor, and the γ2 subunit of this receptor plays a key role in potentiation of the GABAA response. We previously detected that the expression of GABAA receptor in the livers of Carassius auratus gibelio significantly increased after medication (avermectin and difloxacin treatment). In order to better understand the mechanism of action of the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit in the livers of C. auratus gibelio, we constructed a C. auratus gibelio liver cDNA library (the titer value of 1.2 × 106 cfu/mL) and identified the proteins that interact with the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The yeast two-hybrid screening yielded seven positive clones, namely, prelid3b, cdc42, sgk1, spg21, proteasome, chia.5, and AP-3 complex subunit beta-1, all of which have been annotated by the NCBI database. The functions of these proteins are complex; therefore, additional studies are required to determine the specific interactions of these proteins with the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit in the liver of C. auratus gibelio. Although the interactions identified by the yeast two-hybrid system should be considered as preliminary results, the findings of this study may provide further direction and a foundation for future research focusing on the mechanisms of the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit in C. auratus gibelio livers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine calcium blocker and widely used in renal transplant patients since it improves the level of tacrolimus or cyclosporine A concentration. Several population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models had been established for cyclosporine A and tacrolimus but no specific PopPK model was established for diltiazem. The aim of the study is to develop a PopPK model for diltiazem in renal transplant recipients and provide relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem for further pharmacokinetic interaction study.Methods: Patients received tacrolimus as primary immunosuppressant agent after renal transplant and started administration of diltiazem 90 mg twice daily on 5th day. The concentration of diltiazem at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 8, and 12 h was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Genotyping for CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3, and MDR1 3435 was conducted by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). 25 covariates were considered in the stepwise covariate model (SCM) building procedure.Results: One-compartment structural pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption and elimination was used to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of diltiazem. Total bilirubin (TBIL) influenced apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of diltiazem in the forward selection. The absorption rate constant (Ka), V/F, and apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of the final population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of diltiazem were 1.96/h, 3550 L, and 92.4 L/h, respectively.Conclusion: A PopPK model of diltiazem is established in Chinese renal transplant recipients and it will provide relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem for further pharmacokinetic interaction study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin on Aeromonas hydrophila in Eriocheir sinensis hemolymph in order to provide references for treatment and prevention of bacterial haemorrhagic septicemia in apuatic animals. [Method]Through intramuscular injection of 15.00 mg/kg dose levofloxacin on E. sinensis, their hemolymph were collected at 13 time points of before and after drug administration (0.083-160 h) with four crabs each. The antimicrobial efficacies in vitro and in vivo of levofloxacin were determined, and then its ex vivo data were analyzed by using 3P97 and Kinetica 4.4 softwares. Through constructing pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) synchronization model, the comprehensive dose regimen was investigated. [Result] The MIC of levofloxacin on A. hydrophila HN08 in ordinary nutrient broth and non-administered hemolymph were both 1.00 μg/mL. After intramuscular injection on E. sinensis, Cmax was 86.86 μg/mL, the absorption half-life [tv2 (α)] 2.39 h, the elimination half-life [t1/2(β)] 48.94 h and the lag time(TL) 0 h. Therefore, levofloxacin in hemolymph of E. sinensis was accorded with two-compartment open model. In the semi-effect compartment, EC50 was 10.61 h, AUC0-24/MIChemolyraph 25.37 h and Cmax/MIChemolymph 35.92 h. Levofloxacin of 5.41-21.08 mg/kg was the clinical administration dosage of prevention and treatment bacterial haemorrhagic septicemia by analyzing PK-PD synchronization model. [Conclusion]Levofloxacin has a strong inhibitory effect on A. hydrophila HN08 for a long time and shows concentration-dependent bactericidal feature. Levofloxacin in E. sinensis hemolymph was accorded with two-compartment model. Therefore, aiming at haemorrhagic septicemia of E. sinensis, the best recommended clinical dosing regimenin is intramuscular injection of 5.4% mg/kg dose once a day for prevention, and intramuscular injection of 2%.08 mg/kg dose once a day for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe/Sn-codoped In2O3 powders and films are prepared by a vacuum annealing process and a pulsed laser de-position technique, respectively. The structural and magnetic properties of the samples are investigated. The obvious room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in both (In0.92Fe0.05Sn0.03)2O3 powders and films, but their magnetic behaviors are very different. The ferromagnetism of the vacuum-annealed powders is partially due to precipitated Fe3O4 impurity. By contrast, the ferromagnetism of the ñlms is intrinsic and does not originate from any magnetic impurity, as confirmed by the extensive x-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetization studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: (In1−x Ni x )2O3 (x =0.03 and 0.06) powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction and a vacuum annealing process. The air-sintered samples initially showed paramagnetism, and then exhibited obvious room temperature ferromagnetism after vacuum annealing. The ferromagnetic signal almost disappeared after air annealing and reappeared after vacuum annealing. Hence, the ferromagnetism can be switched “on” and “off” by alternate air and vacuum annealing. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field-cooled/zero-field-cooled measurements were performed. These analyses confirmed that there was no detectable trace of Ni or Ni oxide secondary phase in vacuum-annealed (In1−x Ni x )2O3 samples, and that the Ni ions were incorporated into the indium oxide lattice (substituting the In3+ ions). No ferromagnetic signal emerged from pure In2O3 powders regardless of undergoing vacuum or air annealing. These results revealed that oxygen vacancy and local spin are two factors that indispensably affect the ferromagnetic properties of the Ni-doped In2O3 system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The Fe and Fe,Cu-codoped In2O3 films with different thicknesses were prepared by PLD. [•] The observed ferromagnetism in Fe-doped In2O3 films was almost homogeneous. [•] The Fe,Cu-codoped In2O3 films showed an obvious thickness dependent magnetization. [•] The ferromagnetism of the Fe,Cu-codoped In2O3 films was inhomogeneous. [•] The Fe clusters in Fe,Cu-codoped In2O3 films cause its inhomogeneous ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the relationship of morphological characters of sagittal otolith and the age of Liza haematocheila in the Yangtze Estuary, we analyzed the morphological parameters of 324 pairs of otoliths extracted from 358 L. haematocheila specimens from the Yangtze Estuary in February to June of 2017. The results showed that sagittal otolith had rostrum, antirostrum and obvious central notch. The size and shape of sagittal otolith significantly changed with their growth, from regular melon seeds shape outline to long narrow leaf shape and increasing irregular wavy outline. The average density of sagittal otolith was 1.52 mg·mm -2 . The average rectangularity was 0.68. The length of sagittal otolith was 0.021%-0.047% of entire body length (BL), the width was 0.009%-0.021% of entire BL, and the mass was 0.045‰-0.731‰ of the entire body mass (BM). Otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW) and otolith mass (OM) were all significantly related to the BL, with the determination coefficient for OW and OM model being the highest (R 2 =0.928). The relationship between OM and BL was described best by exponential regression: OM=0.0009BL 1.8737 (R 2 =0.967). The relationships between OM and age (A), BL and A were well fitted by multinomial regressions, respectively: OM=2.9262A 2 +4.8437A+2.1894 (R 2 =0.847), BL=-3.2248A 2 +102.54A+38.373 (R 2 =0.858). In addition, OM was linearly correlated with A. The estimated otolith's ages from the model did not significantly variate from the real ages counting from annulus counts. Therefore, OM could be an effective parameter for the age estimation of L. haematocheila.