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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of INSPILIP. Revista Ecuatoriana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion en Salud Pública is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) epidemiology among liver transplant (LT) recipients is variable. We studied the impact of CRE colonization and infection on LT recipients’ outcomes. Methods: This observational cohort study included consecutive adult LT recipients between January 2019 and December 2020 at Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. Primary exposures were CRE colonization (rectal swabs under a screening program) and infection within 1 year of index LT. Primary endpoint was graft failure within 1 year of the index LT. Results: Among 209 patients, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 57 (47–64) years and 155 (74.2%) were male. CRE colonization was identified in 28 (13.4%) patients during the first year posttransplant (median [IQR] number of rectal swabs per patient of 4 [2–7]). CRE resistance genes identified were OXA48 in 8 (3.6%) patients, KPC in 19 (67.9%) patients, and VIM in 1 (3.6%) patient. Any bacterial/fungal and CRE infections were diagnosed in 88 (42.1%) and 6 (2.9%) patients, respectively, during the first year posttransplant. After adjusting for confounders, neither CRE colonization (aOR [95% CI] = 1.83 [0.71–4.70]; p = 0.21) nor infection (aOR [95% CI] = 1.35 [0.17–11.06]; p = 0.78) was associated with graft failure within 1 year of index LT. Discussion/Conclusion: Under a screening program, CRE colonization and infection prevalence was low and neither was associated with graft failure.

The conflict in Ukraine is having a significant impact on the development of antibiotic resistance. The disruption of health care services, shortages of supplies and lack of access to medicines, coupled with inadequate use of antibiotics in combat-related casualties, mainly polytraumatized, have contributed to an increase in rates of antibiotic resistance in the region. This situation not only endangers the health of the local population, but also poses a global risk, as resistant bacteria can spread beyond their borders. This scenario determines that it is a priority to address this problem in an urgent and coordinated manner throughout the entire process of military operations, implementing strategies that promote the responsible use of antibiotics, both at the hospital level and in the Health Treatment Trainings deployed that provide health care to the sick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con el surgimiento de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (blee) y cepas bacterianas resistentes a múltiples fármacos existe una ne-cesidad médica urgente para el tratamiento eficaz de múltiples infecciones de origen bacteriano. Los bacteriófagos, desde su des-cubrimiento a principios del siglo XX, fueron reconocidos como una propuesta terapéutica para enfrentar infecciones generadas por bacterias; algunos gobiernos y compañías farmacéuticas comienzan a reevaluar el uso terapéutico de estos “comedores de bacterias”. Sin embargo, existe poca revisión bibliográfica sobre la aplicación clínica de los fagos. En este trabajo, se revisan algunos informes modernos de la aplicación de la terapia fágica para el tratamiento exitoso de infecciones ocasionadas por bacterias formadoras de bio-películas en las que la terapia con antibióticos ha fallado. También se mencionan empresas e institutos internacionales que comercializan, investigan y desarrollan productos con fagos para uso humano. La terapia con fagos ofrece una alternativa prometedora para combatir las bacterias multirresistentes y reducir las infecciones letales. Los nuevos conocimientos sobre la seguridad y la eficacia de los fagos son cruciales para comprender mejor su aplicación

Background: Contagious ovine keratoconjunctivitis (OKC) causes blindness in sheep and goats and it is associated with a set of bacterial genera of which some species show antimicrobial resistance. Objective: To identify phenotypic-genotypic relationship of antimicrobial resistance from Moraxella spp. isolates obtained from clinical cases of contagious ovine keratoconjunctivitis (OKC) in Mexico. Methods: A total of 209 samples were obtained from clinical cases of OKC in sheep and 60 Moraxella ovis isolates were identified by bacteriological techniques and amplification of 16s rRNA and rtxA genes by PCR. All isolates were evaluated in terms of antimicrobial resistance by the disk diffusion susceptibility test and amplification of resistance genes by PCR. Results: We found 14 Moraxella ovis isolates with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and five multiresistant (MDR). The sul1, sul2, tetB, qnrA, qnrB, BlaTEM genes of antimicrobial resistance were amplified, while gene floR was not amplified. Conclusion: This is the first isolation report of Moraxella ovis from ocular lesions in sheep in the State of Mexico, with six antimicrobial resistance genes identified. Results suggest that Moraxella ovis plays an important role in the course of the disease and provides a panorama for molecular epidemiological surveillance and bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: Klebsiella pneumoniae é um patógeno de importância clínica associado a inúmeros relatos de infecções graves. Essa espécie pode ainda apresentar resistência a múltiplas drogas, incluindo as principais opções terapêuticas disponíveis. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a ocorrência de K. pneumoniae XDR recuperadas de um hospital terciário em Recife, Pernambuco. Metodologia: Foram selecionadas as amostras de K. pneumoniae com fenótipo XDR isoladas no Laboratório de Microbiologia do hospital entre julho de 2017 e junho de 2018, limitando-se a uma amostra por paciente para cada material clínico. Os dados de identificação bacteriana e susceptibilidade foram obtidos por método automatizado (Vitek®) e a produção da carbapenemase KPC avaliada pelo teste de Hodge modificado. A presença dos genes blaKPC e mcr-1 foi investigada por Reações em Cadeia da Polimerase. Resultados: Foram obtidas 21 amostras de K. pneumoniae XDR, a maioria (76,2%, n=16) em 2017. A ocorrência desses isolados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) (n=14) foi o dobro daquela observada nas enfermarias (n=7). Os materiais clínicos mais frequentes foram urina (42,9%; n=9) e sangue (28,6%; n=6), enquanto apenas dois isolados foram recuperados de secreção traqueal (9,5%). Todas as amostras foram resistentes às penicilinas com inibidores de betalactamases, cefalosporinas de 2ª, 3ª e 4ª geração, ertapenem e ciprofloxacino. A resistência à gentamicina e aos carbapenêmicos Imipenem (IMP) e Meropenem (MER) foi de 95,2% (n=20). A produção fenotípica de KPC foi identificada em 20 amostras, todas resistentes ao IMP e ao MER, das quais 19 (95%) abrigavam o gene blaKPC. A resistência à polimixina B foi identificada em 28,6% (n=6) dos isolados, cinco deles recuperados de UTI e nenhum abrigava o gene mcr-1. Apenas uma amostra foi resistente à amicacina, sendo suscetível apenas a polimixina B. Conclusão: Os altos níveis de resistência aos antimicrobianos, sobretudo aos carbapenêmicos, principais opções de tratamento em casos de infecções graves, somados à expressiva identificação do gene blaKPC, reforçam a importância do monitoramento da resistência bacteriana e a necessidade de medidas de controle da disseminação dos mecanismos de resistência em ambientes hospitalares. Acrescido a isso, são necessários outros testes para comprovação da resistência à polimixina B. Neste estudo, a amicacina mostrou-se como uma opção terapêutica no tratamento das infecções causadas por K. pneumoniae XDR.

Introdução/Objetivo: A resistência antimicrobiana constitui um problema de saúde pública em todo o planeta, com a emergência de enzimas beta-lactamases tornando-se um desafio no tratamento das infecções, por ser um importante mecanismo de resistência bacteriana. Este estudo busca descrever a prevalência das carbapenemases identificadas em um Hospital Universitário referência em doenças infecciosas no período de 2020 a 2022. Métodos: Foram analisados resultados de estudo molecular de amostras microbiológicas analisadas pelo Laboratório Central (LACEN) com identificação de enzimas mutacionais: OXA (Oxacilinase) 51, 23 e 143, NDM (New Delhi Metalobetalactamase), KPC (Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase), SPM (São Paulo metalobetalactamase) e VanA. Resultados: Foram detectadas 178 carbapenemases entre as amostras analisadas. A NDM foi a mais prevalente em 28% dos isolados, seguida da OXA 23 (24%), da KPC (20,7%) e OXA-51 em 16,2% dos achados. Também foram identificadas em menor prevalência as enzimas VanA em 4%, SPM (3,5%), OXA-143 (0,6%) e a coprodução de KPC-NDM em 3% dos isolados. A Klebisiela pneumoniae foi a bactéria mais associada a produção de NDM e KPC, com 68% e 67,5% dos isolados para as respectivas enzimas. Todos os achados de OXA-23 e OXA-51 foram associados ao microorganismo Acinetobacter baumannii. A expressão de VanA foi detectada em 71,5% dos casos em Enterococcus faecium. Todas as SPM foram isoladas em Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A coprodução KPC-NDM foi observada em isolados de K. pneumoniae (60%) e de Serratia fonticola (40%). Os isolados de OXA-23 e 51 foram os mais prevalentes nos anos de 2020 e 2021 com 32,6% e 24% do total das carbapenemases isoladas do período. Em 2022, esse perfil mudou, a NDM e KPC emergiram como principais carbapenemases isoladas, ocupando destaque na prevalência com 39% e 28,5% do total de enzimas identificadas no ano, demonstrando uma mudança no perfil de resistência no período da análise. Conclusão: As carbapenemases mais prevalentes foram NDM, OXA 23, KPC e OXA 51. Isolados de coprodução NDM-KPC foram identificados. Foi observada uma mudança de prevalência no período analisado, com emergência de NDM e KPC no ano de 2022, ocupando destaque entre as beta-lactamases isoladas. Tais achados, refletem uma transição no perfil de resistência bacteriana em um curto período.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy cows in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thirty-seven isolates from five municipalities (8 herds) were genotyped using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested using the disk diffusion method. High resistance rates for penicillin [75.68% (28/37)], ampicillin [70.27% (26/37)], and tetracycline [70.27% (26/37)] were detected. Multidrug resistance was observed in seven [18.92% (7/37)] isolates, and two were suggestive of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 37 isolates, 33 novel sequence types (ST) and two known STs (ST126 and ST746) were identified in MLST. The clonal complexes more frequently observed were: CC97 [78.38%; (29/37)], CC1 [8.11%; (3/37)] and CC5 [5.40%; (2/37)]. Minimum‐spanning tree (MST) analysis according to data from municipalities, herds, and resistance patterns for all isolates did not show any clustering pattern. However, the MST comparing all Brazilian S. aureus isolates deposited in the PubMLST database and from this study depicted an association between the genotype and strain origin (clinical sample). Isolates from this study that belong to CC97 were close to database isolates from milk and dairy products, while those that belong to CC1 and CC5 were close to database isolates from human sources and the environment of dairy farms or industries. In conclusion, our results showed a high rate of resistance to penicillins and tetracyclines and great genetic diversity among the S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis genotyped in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La candidiasis es provocada por diferentes especies del género Candida, siendo C. albicans la más común en los aislados clínicos a nivel mundial. Esta enfermedad es un problema para el sector salud, debido a la multirresistencia que algunas especies de Candida presentan a los antifúngicos tradicionalmente utilizados para controlar la enfermedad. Tal es el caso de C. glabrata y recientemente C. auris, las cuales son resistentes a los azoles, las equinocandinas y a los polienos; por lo cual, la búsqueda de nuevos antifúngicos es una prioridad. La nanotecnología ofrece nuevas alternativas, como el uso de las nanopartículas (NPs) metálicas, en particular, las de plata y cobre han mostrado ser eficientes para la inhibición de C. albicans. En este trabajo se presentan los estudios más relevantes que han evaluado el efecto de las NPs metálicas en especies del género Candida, así como los resultados más prometedores.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CienciaUAT is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: a escala mundial se ha observado la aparición de cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistentes durante las últimas décadas. Este patógeno oportunista, relacionado ampliamente con infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria, produce mecanismos de resistencia a diversos antibióticos. Objetivo: enumerar factores de riesgo conocidos de los pacientes y describir el patrón de resistencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa frente a los antimicrobianos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado en el Servicio de Angiología del Hospital “Camilo Cienfuegos” de Sancti Spíritus entre el primero de julio y el 31 de diciembre de 2017 de aislamientos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa en muestras purulentas de pacientes con infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria. La población fue de 47 muestras. Se utilizó el sistema automatizado Vitek® 2 Compact para confirmar el diagnóstico y determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana ante 13 antibióticos probados. Resultados: los principales factores de riesgo conocidos encontrados en los pacientes fueron la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la insuficiencia arterial crónica. La resistencia se mantuvo a antibióticos B-lactámicos, incluidos los carbapenémicos en más de un 50%; sin embargo, se mantuvieron niveles bajos de resistencia a aminoglucósidos, fluoroquinolonas, tigeciclina y colistina. Conclusiones: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue el principal factor de riesgo en pacientes ingresados en la Sala de Angiología para contraer una infección asociada a la asistencia sanitaria por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, los B-lactámicos presentaron una alta resistencia y la colistina puede ser una posible opción de tratamiento.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se describe el resultado de la búsqueda de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM) en la cavidad nasal de cerdos de cría intensiva, durante los años 2019 y 2021, con el objetivo de dar a conocer si existe circulación, en Argentina, de este patógeno relevante en la salud pública. Se procesaron 64 muestras obtenidas en 5 granjas de las provincias de Buenos Aires, Santa Fe y San Luis. Se aislaron 19 (29,7%) SARM, confirmados por la presencia del gen mecA y con resistencia múltiple (3 o más familias de antibióticos). Todos los SARM fueron sensibles a rifampicina, nitrofurantoína y linezolid y resistentes a cloranfenicol, tetraciclina y ciprofloxacina. La resistencia a eritromicina fue del 68,4% (13/19), a clindamicina del 78,9% (15/19) y la no sensibilidad a gentamicina del 57,9% (11/19). Las edades de los animales portadores fueron de 27, 80, 120 y 154 días y, en todas las granjas muestreadas, se identificó SARM. Los aislamientos del año 2019 se caracterizaron como complejo clonal 1 (SARM de la comunidad) prevalentes en la población humana. Estos hallazgos demuestran la circulación de SARM en cerdos de producción intensiva y resaltan la necesidad de implementar su control para tomar medidas apropiadas que eviten su diseminación.

Bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus são frequentemente associadas a mastite bovina subclínica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as espécies de Staphylococcus caracterizadas fenotipicamente como multirresistentes, associadas a mastite subclínica e identificar os fatores de risco associados. Foram selecionadas 23 propriedades leiteiras com histórico de queda de produção, localizadas na região do baixo Acre, Brasil. Em todas as propriedades foram preenchido um questionário epidemiológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao California Mastitis Test (CMT) e amostras de leite foram coletadas para cultura bacteriana. Após isolamento e identificação, foi realizado o teste de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana por difusão de disco frente à nove classes de antimicrobianos. Ao todo, 339 vacas foram testadas pelo CMT identificando 108 animais com mastite. Foram coletadas 229 amostras de leite de tetos individuais. Destas, 101 apresentaram isolados pertencentes ao gênero Staphylococcus, distribuídas em oito espécies identificadas por MALDI-TOF. S. chromogenes (58,4%) foi a espécie mais frequente demonstrando resistência as nove classes de princípios ativos antimicrobianos. Foram identificados 19 isolados com perfil fenotípico de multirresistência. Esta expressão fenotípica indica a ampla circulação de genes de resistência nesta espécie. A presença de multirresistência em Staphylococcus neste estudo foi correlacionada com a ausência da implementação do manejo em linha de ordenha e ausência de água no curral para limpeza, que funcionam como fatores preventivos, minimizando a transmissão e persistência dos patógenos nas propriedades.

Introduction: it has been observed the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a global scale during the last decades. This opportunistic pathogen, widely associated with healthcare-associated infections, produces mechanisms of resistance to various antibiotics. Objective: to enumerate known risk factors of patients and describe the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobials. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Angiology Service of the "Camilo Cienfuegos" Hospital from Sancti Spíritus between July 1st and December 31st, 2017 about Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in purulent samples from patients with healthcare-associated infections. The population was 47 samples. The automated Vitek® 2 Compact system was used to confirm the diagnosis and determine antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antibiotics tested. Results: the main known risk factors found in the patients were type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic arterial insufficiency. Resistance was maintained to B-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenemics in more than 50%; however, low levels of resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tigecycline and colistin were maintained. Conclusions: type 2 diabetes mellitus was the main risk factor in patients admitted to the Angiology Department for contracting a healthcare-associated infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, B-lactams were highly resistant and colistin may be a possible treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Commensal microflora such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. are representative indicators of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as they are part of the normal intestinal microflora and can acquire and disseminate AMR to pathogenic or zoonotic bacteria like Salmonella spp. Objective: To investigate the state of AMR among E. coli and Salmonella spp., potential pathogens in humans, isolated from cecal contents of pigs submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Colombia from 2016 to 2019. Methods: Susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for antimicrobial zone diameter breakpoints. An E. coli strain (ATCC 25922) was used as the quality control organism. Isolates showing resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) as defined by a joint group of the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA. Results: A total of 112 E. coli and 192 Salmonella spp. colonies were isolated from 557 samples received between 2016 and 2019. In order of decreasing frequency, E. coli was resistant to tetracycline (100%), sulfamethoxazol-trimethoprim (97.5%), amoxicillin (86.4%), enrofloxacin (82.6%), tylosin (82.1%), doxycycline (59%), neomycin (50%), ciprofloxacin (45.5%), ceftiofur (35%), gentamicin (30%), tilmicosin (29%), and fosfomycin (12.5%). When compared with E. coli, Salmonella spp. was generally resistant to the same agents with slightly less resistance (between 10-30%) to eight of the antimicrobials tested. Salmonella spp. showed <20% resistance to three antimicrobials, as follows: neomycin (17%), gentamicin (16%), and fosfomycin (14%). Multi-resistance occurred in 68.7% (77/112) of E. coli and 70.3% (135/192) of Salmonella spp. isolates. Resistance of Salmonella spp. was alarming to all the critically important antimicrobials tested: fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), ceftiofur (thirdgeneration cephalosporin), and macrolides (tylosin). Conclusions: According to our results, there is a high level of multidrug resistance (MDR) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. It is necessary to implement a nationwide antimicrobial resistance monitoring program in Colombia, together with proper antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobial growth promoters by the swine industry is generating widespread bacterial resistance and should be discontinued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analecta Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: la resistencia combinada a múltiples antibióticos en algunas de las principales bacterias patógenas en humanos está aumentando en los últimos años y está generando una importante amenaza para la salud pública. Objetivo: caracterizar a las gestantes con urosepsis que presentaron resistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli aislada en urocultivos y atendidas en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantánamo durante el periodo enero-junio de 2017. Método: serealizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantánamo, en el periodo enero a junio 2017. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 58 gestantes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, paridad, factores de riesgo y resistencia. Se utilizó como medida de resumen la frecuencia absoluta y la frecuencia relativa (%). Resultados: el mayor número de gestantes con urosepsis causada por Escherichia coli se encontraban en el grupo de edades entre los 19 y 29 para un 48,3 %. La urosepsis en etapas anteriores al embarazo se identificó en el 48,3 % de las multíparas, solo 11 de las primíparas (19,0 %). La anemia se diagnosticó en 28 gestantes (48,3 %), la diabetes mellitus tipo II en 11 pacientes para un 19,0 %. En 33 gestantes (57 %), se presentó resistencia al ácido nalidíxico, en 28 al sulfaprim (48,2 %) y en el 40 % a la amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico un total de 23 pacientes. Conclusiones: la urosepsis por Escherichia coli predominó en gestantes comprendidas entre los 19 y 29 años, multíparas, con esta entidad en etapas anteriores al embarazo, anemia, multigestas y con diabetes mellitus. Se presentó resistencia al ácido nalidíxico, sulfaprim, amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico y cefalexina.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: hospitals represent the place where multidrug-resistant bacteria are concentrated and from where they spread within the institution and to the community. Thus, this research aimed to verify the profile of microorganisms related to nosocomial infection and to analyze the existence of multidrug-resistant bacteria at the Hospital de Caridade de Santo Ângelo/RS, the largest hospital in the city. METHODS: hospital infection data from 100 medical records, from August/2016 to March/2017, maintained by the Hospital Infection Control Committee were used. Bacterial identification was carried out by the Microbiology Laboratory of the hospital using morpho-tinting and biochemical methods; and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method. Bacterial multidrug-resistance was considered based on resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials. RESULTS: the three most prevalent microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (17%), Escherichia coli (16%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8%). The hospital unit with the highest number of isolates was the adult Intensive Care Unit, with 41% of the cases. Tracheal secretion, urine, and wound secretion samples provided the highest number of isolates. Sixteen different species/groups of multidrug-resistant bacteria were identified, as follows: Morganella morganii (100%), Hafnia alvei (100%), Enterobacter sakazaki (100%), Serratia spp. (100%), Enterobacter aerogenes (100%), Proteus vulgaris (100%), Acinetobacter baumannii (100%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (83%), Enterobacter spp. (75%), Klebsiella ozaenae (66%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (66%), Escherichia coli (56%), Serratia rubidaea (50%), Serratia marcensces (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (37%) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28%). CONCLUSION: the large number of multidrug-resistant isolates reinforces the importance of isolation and restriction strategies to avoid cross-contamination to inside and outside the hospital.

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes estão associados à terapia com esteróides. Dessa forma, seu uso é relativamente contra-indicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico estavam dentro dos valores de referência, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contratada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com remissão completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica, com sucesso, em um cão com diabetes.

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei ST152, global lineage III, is a high-risk clone, whose dissemination has limited therapeutic options for shigellosis. This study aimed to characterize two isolates of S. sonnei, which were recovered in Lima, Peru, during November 2019, exhibiting resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones, and concurrently harboring bla CTX-M-15 and qnrS1 genes, in addition to mutations in gyrA-S83L. These isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The molecular analysis showed that both isolates belonged to lineage III, sublineages IIIa and IIIb. The bla CTX-M-15 gene was located in the same genetic platform as qnrS1, flanked upstream by ISKpn19, on a conjugative plasmid belonging to the IncI-γ group. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first report on S. sonnei isolates carrying the bla CTX-M-15 gene in Peru. The global dissemination of S. sonnei ST152, co-resistant to β-lactams and quinolones, could lead to a worrisome scenario in the event of potential acquisition of genetic resistance mechanisms to azithromycin., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

O uso da antibioticoterapia em animais, na maioria das vezes, ocorre de maneira desorientada, o que colabora para o aumento da resistência microbiana. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de bactérias multirresistentes na cavidade nasal de equinos assintomáticos para doenças respiratórias. Foram coletadas amostras de swab nasal de 50 equinos assintomáticos para doenças respiratórias. As amostras foram semeadas em placas de Petri contendo ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey, incubadas em aerobiose e microaerofilia a 37ºC por 48 horas. As culturas puras foram submetidas à identificação segundo as características morfocoloniais, morfotintoriais e bioquímico-fisiológicas convencionais. Também foi realizada a verificação da susceptibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro e em seguida calculado o índice de resistência múltipla. Das amostras analisadas foram isolados Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Streptococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, Enterobacter spp e Escherichia coli. O gênero Staphylococcus e Streptococcus demonstraram resistência total e intermediária a praticamente todos os antibióticos testados; o gênero Enterobacter aos β-lactâmicos, cefalosporinas, monobactam, quinolonas, anfenicóis, sulfozamidas, e aminoglicosídeos (amicacina e tobramicina); e E. coli aos β-lactâmicos, algumas cefalosporinas, monobactam, quinolonas, aminoglicosídeos, anfenicóis, sulfozamidas e tetraciclina. Todas as cepas analisadas apresentaram multirresistência. Conclui-se que equinos hígidos sem alteração respiratória, possuem microrganismos com potencial patogênico em suas fossas nasais. Além disso, o alto índice de resistência microbiana é preocupante e serve de alerta para o possível uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, o qual pode afetar a saúde animal e dos seres humanos.

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Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The study evaluated the microbiological profile of milk samples collected before and after mastitis treatment with gentamicin and investigated biofilms production and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. isolated. The presence of gentamicin residues in milk after the recommended withdrawal period was also evaluated. Antimicrobial residues were analyzed by Delvotest® SP NT over a period of 12 days beginning after 24 hours the last gentamicin application. Some of Staphylococcus spp. isolates were biofilm producers (19.05%). Staphylococcus spp. showed high levels of resistance to neomycin (16.95%), penicillin G (10.17%), and ampicillin (10.17%). Multidrug resistance to all antibiotics tested was observed in 1.69% of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates. Among 1440 mammary quarter milk samples 24.95% presented gentamicin residues after the withdrawal period. Gentamicin residues were also detected in 3.8% of samples from calibrated glass recorder jar (n=383) 4.1 days after treatment. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics may lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains as well as increasing the risk of presence of residues of these drugs in milk. These problems affect the milk quality and may become a public health problem.

ABSTRACT: Aeromonas hydrophila is a common fish pathogen that causes extensive damage to aquaculture. To develop and implement a more adequate strategy to farm fish, it is crucial to understand the bacterial-resistance levels and their transference dynamics. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance profile of isolated Aeromonas hydrophila to antimicrobial agents and heavy metals and draw a correlation of the observed profiles with the presence of plasmids. Resistance of the isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents (oxacilin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid) and heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and manganese) was verified using the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) standards. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MAR Index) was calculated. Plasmids were extracted by using a common methodology described elsewhere. Mann-Whitney Test, implemented in the R environment, was used to determine the correlation between resistance and plasmids presence. A high resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents and heavy metals was observed, except to gentamicin and cadmium. The MAR index results showed resistance to all antimicrobial profiles. Of the isolated bacteria, 14 showed the presence of plasmids. However, no correlation was noted between the resistance profile and the plasmid presence for these isolates, indicating that the genes responsible for resistance to microbial agents and heavy metals are present in the cromossomic DNA, which in turn suggested the possibility of gene transfer between the isolated bacteria. The resistance to heavy metals can be linked to heavy utilization of fertilizers along the Sao Francisco River.

Abstract: The Enterobacteriaceae family contains potentially zoonotic bacteria, and their presence in canaries is often reported, though the current status of these in bird flocks is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most common genera of enterobacteria from canaries (Serinus canaria) and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. From February to June of 2013, a total of 387 cloacal swab samples from eight domiciliary breeding locations of Fortaleza city, Brazil, were collected and 58 necropsies were performed in canaries, which belonged to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies. The samples were submitted to microbiological procedure using buffered peptone water and MacConkey agar. Colonies were selected according to their morphological characteristics on selective agar and submitted for biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 61 isolates were obtained, of which 42 were from cloacal swabs and 19 from necropsies. The most isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli with twenty five strains, followed by fourteen Klebsiellaspp., twelve Enterobacterspp., seven Pantoea agglomerans, two Serratiaspp. and one Proteus mirabilis. The antimicrobial to which the strains presented most resistance was sulfonamides with 55.7%, followed by ampicillin with 54.1% and tetracycline with 39.3%. The total of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 34 (55.7%). In conclusion, canaries harbor members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and common strains present a high antimicrobial resistance rate, with a high frequency of MDR bacteria.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O potencial zoonótico de bactérias multirresistentes é uma preocupação global e os animais de companhia têm sido implicados na disseminação de bactérias resistentes; assim, é importante a vigilância, pois já existem relatos de transmissão destas bactérias do cão para o homem e vice-versa. Um cão, sem raça definida e de cinco anos de idade, foi atendido na cidade de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, apresentando urolitíase obstrutiva de estruvita recorrente há um ano e meio. Na urocultura do animal foi isolada uma estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistente; o tratamento com vancomicina possibilitou acura clínica. A estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. isolada foi identificada molecularmente como S. pseudintermedius e nela foi identificada a presença do gene mecA, o principal responsável por S. pseuidintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP), e que é frequentemente resistente à múltiplos antimicrobianos. As hipóteses para este caso clínico são a transmissão do homem para o animal, pois o tutor era um médico intensivista, ou que a própria bactéria fazia parte da microbiota do animal e, devido a outros fatores como estresse e doença urinária obstrutiva, abriu-se uma porta de entrada para a infecção pelo S. pseudintermedius. Mais estudos são necessários para a elucidação da transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes entre animais de companhia e o ser humano.

Vinte e sete isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes de leite de bovinos com mastite clínica foram submetidos a teste de sensibilidade aos principais antimicrobianos usados no tratamento desta doença. Avaliou-se também a efetividade in vitro de dois inibidores de sistemas de efluxo multidrogas, fenilalanina arginyl ß naftilamida (PAβN) e 1-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), utilizando-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) como referência. A CIM e o sistema de efluxo foram detectados com base nas curvas de crescimento, utilizando-se a densidade óptica (D.O550), em diferentes concentrações da droga e na presença e ausência dos inibidores. Apenas quatro isolados apresentaram resistência à ampicilina e ao sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim, simultaneamente, enquanto todos os 27 foram sensíveis aos demais antimicrobianos. Observaram-se valores para ampicilina variando de 6µg/mL a 250µg/mL e para sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim de 12µg/mL a 1500µg/mL. Houve redução das CIMs desses antimicrobianos em todos os isolados na presença dos inibidores, exceto para sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim na presença de NMP. Conclui-se que esses isolados possuem um estreito perfil de resistência e que PAßN apresentou melhor efeito inibitório em relação à ampicilina e ao sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim, apresentando-se como um candidato a adjuvante no tratamento da mastite.

Introducción: La conjuntiva es el tejido ocular que se infecta con mayor frecuencia. Los agentes patógenos más frecuentes de la conjuntivitis suelen ser los virus y las bacterias. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos de amplio espectro para tratar la conjuntivitis ha generado microorganismos resistentes. Objetivo: Identificar los microorganismos más frecuentes aislados de muestras de origen conjuntival y conocer su susceptibilidad antibiótica. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de cultivos provenientes de raspados conjuntivales obtenidos durante el 2012. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 44 muestras de origen conjuntival. Estas provinieron de 21 varones y 23 mujeres. La mediana (25%, 75%) de la edad fue 62 años (39-68). El cultivo fue positivo en 13 de las muestras obtenidas, identificándose 5 microorganismos diferentes. Staphylococcus epidermidis fue el microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia (9 cepas). Todas las cepas de S. epidermidis fueron sensibles a vancomicina, gentamicina, cefotaxima, moxifloxacino y ofloxacino. La mayoría de las cepas de S. epidermidis (6/9) mostraron resistencia a múltiples antibióticos. Conclusiones: Staphylococcus epidermidis fue el microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia en muestras provenientes de infecciones conjuntivales. Todas las cepas de S. epidermidis fueron sensibles a vancomicina, gentamicina y moxifloxacino y la mayoría de ellas fueron multirresistentes a los antibióticos en evaluación.