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© 2022 De Gruyter. All rights reserved.The variability between methods is seen in the existence of hemoglobin (Hb), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose in the specimens, which can affect the measurement. Therefore, this study aimed to compare boronate affinity chromatography and turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay methods for HbA1c levels in samples containing different levels of Hb, TG, BUN and glucose. In this study, a total of 412 consecutive samples were used for method comparison. The samples were divided into groups according to HbA1c, TG, BUN, Hb, and glucose levels. Clinically significant changes for HbA1c are defined as ≥0.5%. The mean relative difference as % was determined as 1.4% by the Bland-Altman plot of Trinity against Roche. The Passing-Bablok analysis indicated good agreement (r=0.985) between two methods. When compared the group with and without a clinically significant difference, we found differences only between glucose levels (p=0.003). High glucose levels may cause a difference between the methods. Therefore, we suggest that a method's performance and properties should be considered prior to clinical usage.

© 2022, Kare Publishing. All rights reserved.Objectives: Urinalysis by automated urine analyzer, including microscopy and dipstick test, is easy, rapid, and inexpen-sive. Among these parameters, leukocyte count (WBC) or leukocyte esterase (LE) has relatively sufficient sensitivity in urinary tract infection (UTI) detection. Urine culture is accepted as the gold standard for the diagnosis of UTI. Unnecessary culture requests constitute the majority of the microbiology laboratory workload. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a multi-criteria algorithm by using urinalysis in predicting negative urine cultures. Methods: During a 2-week period, randomly selected 600 urine samples that reached the microbiology laboratory for urine culture were subjected to chemical and microscopic urinalysis without waiting. Urinalysis was performed using Iris iQ200 (Iris Diagnostics, Chatsworth, USA). LE >25 µL-1, nitrite positive, and WBC >5 per HPF were accepted as abnormal/positive. The sensitivity and specificity were also calculated by Receiver operating characteristic analysis at alternative threshold values for all small particles. A multi-criteria algorithm based on these urine parameters was developed, and its performance was evaluated by determining specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value. Results: Multi-criteria algorithm based on urinalysis gave false-negative results for only 3 (0.5%) samples. This algorithm had 98.9% NPV and eliminated 47.4% of urine samples from the culture workflow. Conclusion: This algorithm may reduce unnecessary culture requests and more effective use of time and resources.

Objective Insulin is an important hormone for intrauterine growth. Irisin is an effective myokine in the regulation of physiological insulin resistance in pregnancy. Leptin and insulin are associated with fetal growth and fetal adiposity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between irisin, insulin and leptin levels and maternal weight gain, as well as anthropometric measurements in the newborn. Methods Eighty-four mothers and newborns were included in the study. Irisin, leptin and insulin levels were measured in the mothers and in cord blood. Anthropometric measurements in the newborn, maternal weight at the beginning of the pregnancy and at delivery were recorded. Results Birth weight were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). There was no difference in irisin levels among the groups. Leptin and insulin levels were found to change significantly according to birth weight (p=0.013, and p=0.012, respectively). There was a negative correlation between the anthropometric measurements of the AGA newborns and irisin levels. This correlation was not observed in SGA and LGA babies. Leptin levels were associated with fetal adiposity. Conclusion While irisin levels are not affected by weight gain during pregnancy nor by birth weight, they show a relationship with anthropometric measurements in AGA infants. These results may lead to the understanding of metabolic disorders that will occur in later life.

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The high prevalence of childhood obesity and related health consequences have received increasing attention in medical studies and health policies. It is emphasized that abdominal obesity and the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) are related each other and, the level of ET-1 have increasing in obese population. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) plays a role in thermoregulation and is associated with obesity. Therefore, we aim to evaluate sdLDL, ET-1 and Lip-2 levels in obese children. Our study included 51 obese children and 40 healthy controls aged 6-15 years. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile for age and gender. Serum LCN–2, plasma endothelin–1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the measurement of sdLDL were determined using the LDL measurement kit in autoanalyzer followed by obtaining supernatant. The height, weight and BMI of obese children was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0,05). When the two groups were compared; there was no statistically significant difference among sdLDL, ET-1 and LCN-2 levels (p > 0,05). Lip-2 levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the obese girls compared to obsese boys (p < 0,05). We suggest that clarification of the increased lip-2 level of girls with future experimental and cellular studies may contribute to the understanding of the impact of obesity on gender., Çocukluk obezitesinin artan hızı ve ilişkili olduğu sağlık sonuçları, tıbbi araştırmaların ve sağlık politikalarının bu konuya ilgisini artırmıştır. Obez kişilerde abdominal obezite ile Small Dense LDL (sdLDL) düzeylerinin ilişkili olduğu ve plazma endotelin-1 (ET-1) seviyelerinin yükseldiği vurgulanmıştır. Lipokalin-2 (Lip-2), termoregülasyonda rol oynamaktadır ve obezite ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda obez çocuklarda sdLDL, ET-1 ve Lip-2 seviyelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza yaşları 6-15 arasında olan 51 obez ve 40 sağlıklı çocuk alınmıştır. Obezite, yaş ve cinsiyet göz önüne alınarak, 95 persentil ve üzerindeki (Beden kütle indeksi) BKİ ile belirlenmiştir. Serum Lip–2 ile plazma ET-1 enzim bağlı immünoassay ile ölçülmüştür, sdLDL ölçümü süpernatan elde edilmesini takiben otoanalizörde LDL ölçüm kiti kullanılarak tayin edilmiştir. Obez çocukların boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı ve BKİ değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı oranda yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p < 0,05). İki grup karşılaştırıldığında; sdLDL, ET-1 ve Lip-2 düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p > 0,05). Obez erkek çocukları ile karşılaştırıldığı zaman obez kız çocuklarının lip-2 düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p < 0,05). İleriki süreçte yapılacak deneysel ve hücresel çalışmalar ile obez kız çocuklarında artmış lip-2 düzeylerinin açıklığa kavuşturulması, obezitenin cinsiyet üzerindeki etkisini ortaya çıkartmak için katkı sağlayabileceğini öne sürebiliriz.