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4. Diaporthe foeniculina and D. eres, in addition to D. ampelina, may cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot disease in grapevine.

Author

Fedele, Giorgia, Armengol, Josep, Caffi, Tito, Languasco, Luca, Latinovic, Nedeljko, Latinovic, Jelena, León, Maela, Marchi, Guido, Mugnai, Laura, and Rossi, Vittorio

Subjects
LEAF spots, SYMPTOMS, LOW temperatures, PHOMOPSIS, CONIDIA, GRAPE diseases & pests
Abstract

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS) disease, affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera and Vitis spp.), has been historically associated with Diaporthe ampelina. Typical disease symptoms, comprising bleaching and black pycnidia, have also been associated with other Diaporthe spp. In this study, we conducted a molecular identification of the Diaporthe isolates isolated from grapevine canes from different geographic areas of southern Europe showing PCLS symptoms. Then, we investigated their morphological characteristics (including mycelium growth and production of pycnidia and alpha and beta conidia) in response to temperature. Finally, we artificially inoculated grapevine shoots and leaves with a subset of these isolates. Based on our results, PCLS etiology should be reconsidered. Though D. ampelina was the most crucial causal agent of PCLS, D. eres and D. foeniculina were also pathogenic when inoculated on green shoots and leaves of grapevines. However, D. rudis was not pathogenic. Compared to D. ampelina, D. eres and D. foeniculina produced both pycnidia and alpha conidia at lower temperatures. Thus, the range of environmental conditions favorable for PCLS development needs to be widened. Our findings warrant further validation by future studies aimed at ascertaining whether the differences in temperature requirements among species are also valid for conidia-mediated infection since it could have substantial practical implications in PCLS management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Soil management and plant protection strategies with reduced use of copper: productive and environmental aspects in a Sangiovese vineyard

Author

Storchi Paolo, Perria Rita, Carella Giuseppe, Mugnai Laura, Landi Silvia, Binazzi Francesco, Mocali Stefano, Fabiani Arturo, Cucu Maria Alexandra, Valentini Paolo, Petrucci William Antonio, Puccioni Sergio, and Ciofini Alice

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Plant protection strategies in organic viticulture are based on the application of copper products, which is well known to generate a consistent environmental impact due to the accumulation of copper in soils and its negative effects on edaphic biodiversity. Life Green Grapes is a demonstrative project aiming to improve the sustainability of viticulture throughout the supply chain: from vine nursery to the table. In this paper, we report the main results obtained over three growing seasons (2018-2020) in response to the adoption of a strategy based on a reduced use of copper products in an organic vineyard. Plant protection treatments have been strictly planned according to forecasting models for disease development and fungicides have been partially substituted with products improving plant resistance. Green manure, known for contributing to the health of the vineyard, was also adopted. Results suggest the effectiveness of the “Green Grapes” strategy under low downy mildew pressure. Furthermore, no declines in grape quality have been observed; on the contrary, the synergic effect of green manure and substances beneficial to plants improved yield. An overall positive influence on the edaphic biodiversity was also observed.

Published
2022
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14. First Description of Non-Enzymatic Radical-Generating Mechanisms Adopted by Fomitiporia mediterranea: An Unexplored Pathway of the White Rot Agent of the Esca Complex of Diseases

Author

Moretti, Samuele, primary, Goddard, Mary-Lorène, additional, Puca, Alessandro, additional, Lalevée, Jacques, additional, Di Marco, Stefano, additional, Mugnai, Laura, additional, Gelhaye, Eric, additional, Goodell, Barry, additional, Bertsch, Christophe, additional, and Farine, Sibylle, additional

Published
2023
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15. Current status of Botryosphaeriaceae species in Italy: Impacts on agricultural crops and forest ecosystems.

Author

AIELLO, DALIA, BREGANT, CARLO, CARLUCCI, ANTONIA, GUARNACCIA, VLADIMIRO, GUSELLA, GIORGIO, LINALDEDDU, BENEDETTO TEODORO, MUGNAI, LAURA, RAIMONDO, MARIA LUISA, and POLIZZI, GIANCARLO

Subjects
CROPS, BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE, AGRICULTURAL productivity, SPECIES, CLIMATE extremes
Abstract

Many fungi belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae are well-known as causal agents of diseases in economically and ecologically important agricultural crops and forest trees. In Italy, the high diffusion of Botryosphaeriaceae infections observed over the last decade, has shown the importance of this group of fungi, which are becoming limiting factors for plant production in agricultural systems, nurseries and natural and urban landscapes. Global warming and stress factors such as occasional extreme climatic events can affect the susceptibility of host plants, as well as fungus behaviour, increasing the risk of future infections. Available reports of Botryosphaeriaceae in Italy have been examined, focusing on wood and fruit pathogens, resulting in a list of ten genera and 57 species. Diplodia is the most widespread genus in Italy with 76 records on 44 hosts, while at species level, Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diplodia seriata show the widest host ranges and many records. The ability of the pathogens to remain latent on asymptomatic plants, and uncontrolled trade of plant materials among countries, facilitate the dissemination and potential introduction of new Botryosphaeriaceae species. Preventive detection and adequate control strategies are always needed to limit the potential damage caused by Botryosphaeriaceae. This review had particular emphasis on host-pathogen associations, disease symptoms, geographic distribution, metabolite production, and accurate pathogen identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Oxygen Radical-Generating Metabolites Secreted by Eutypa and Esca Fungal Consortia: Understanding the Mechanisms Behind Grapevine Wood Deterioration and Pathogenesis

Author

Perez-Gonzalez, Gabriel, primary, Sebestyen, Dana, additional, Petit, Elsa, additional, Jellison, Jody, additional, Mugnai, Laura, additional, Gelhaye, Eric, additional, Lee, Norman, additional, Farine, Sibylle, additional, Bertsch, Christophe, additional, and Goodell, Barry, additional

Published
2022
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25. Fomitiporia spp., white rot agents in the Esca complex of grapevine: Characterization of strains from different geographical regions and/or from different hosts

Author

Collinge, David Brian, Mugnai, Laura, Cauda, Nicolas, Collinge, David Brian, Mugnai, Laura, and Cauda, Nicolas

Abstract

In the still elusive aetiology of the Esca complex, the white-rot basidiomycete Fomitiporia mediterranea is considered one of the main associated pathogens. In European and Mediterranean countries esca is particularly important, showing concerning upward trends. Thus, a characterisation of the genus Fomitiporia including species from different geographical regions and/or strains from different hosts is fundamental to gain new knowledge on this white- rot agent associated to this relevant disorder. In this study, different morphological and pathogenicity parameters of the different strains were investigated in in vitro conditions. The results revealed different temperature requirements, some of which had not been reported before, for some of the Fomitiporia species selected. Furthermore, the different Fomitiporia species showed some significant differences in growth rates at different temperatures. Grapevine wood degradation rates did not differ significantly among them. Some F. mediterranea strains isolated from Vitis and non-Vitis hosts exhibited some differences in growth rates, although no clear trend was evident. Host specificity of these strains was not identified since wood degradation rates did not differ significantly if inoculated on grapevine wood. On the other hand, wood degradation rates of three grapevine cultivars with different tolerance degrees to esca foliar symptoms differed significantly. Finally, this study provided in vitro preliminary evidence that commercial Trichoderma species contained in the commercial product Remedier® show antagonistic activity against all the Fomitiporia species studied. These findings contribute to close the knowledge gap in the study of esca, and can provide important insights for management strategies.

Published
2022

40. Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch., the historical Esca agent: a comprehensive review on the main grapevine wood rot agent in Europe

Author

MORETTI, Samuele, primary, PACETTI, Andrea, additional, PIERRON, Romain, additional, KASSEMEYER, Hanns-Heinz, additional, FISCHER, Michael, additional, PÉROS, Jean-Pierre, additional, PEREZ-GONZALEZ, Gabriel, additional, BIELER, Evie, additional, SCHILLING, Marion, additional, DI MARCO, Stefano, additional, GELHAYE, Eric, additional, MUGNAI, Laura, additional, BERTSCH, Chritophe, additional, and FARINE, Sibylle, additional

Published
2021
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50. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, Priscila, Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, Konstanze, Kema, Gerrit H. J., Samson, Robert A., Santos, Ariana C. S., Shivas, Roger G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, Wijnand J., Szöke, Szániszló, Tan, Yupei, Taylor, Joanne E., Taylor, P. W. J., Lamprecht, Sandra Christina, Vieira Tiago, Patricia, Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán, Wiele, Nathalie van de, Merwe, N. A. van der, Verkley, Gerard J. M., Vieira, Willie A. S., Vizzini, Alfredo, Weir, Bevan S., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Xia, J. W., Cai, L., Yáñez-Morales, María de Jesús, Yurkov, Andrey M., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zhang, C. L., Thines, Marco, Rossman, Amy Y., Stadler, Marc, Summerbell, Richard C., Taylor, John W., Ploch, Sebastian, Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Abdel-Azeem, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, Alireza, Akulov, A., Alberts, Johanna F., Araújo, João P.M., Ariyawansa, Hiran A.S., Bakhshi, Mounes, Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, Mauricio, Cardinali, Gianluigi, Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis-Ramírez, Adriana Marcela, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, Collémare, Jérôme, Croll, Daniel, Damm, Ulrike, Decock, Cony A., Vries, Ronald P. de, Ezekiel, Chibundu N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, Norma Beatriz, Gaya, Ester, González, Cristian D., Gramaje, David, Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, Martin, Guevara-Suarez, Marcela I., Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Guarnaccia, Vladimiro, Haddaji, A., Hagen, Ferry, Haelewaters, Danny, Hansen, Karen, Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Houbraken, Jos A. M. P., Hubka, Vít, Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, Teresa M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Johnston, Peter R., Jurjević, Željko, Karaltı, İskender, Korsten, L., Kuramae, Eiko Eurya, Kušan, Ivana, Labuda, Román, Lawrence, Daniel P., Lee, Hyangburm, Lechat, Christian, Li, Hongye, Litovka, Yulia A., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Marín-Felix, Yasmina, Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, Neven, McTaggart, Alistair R., Mlčoch, Patrik, Mugnai, Laura, Nakashima, Chiharu, Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, Sara Raouia, Pavlov, Igor N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, Alan J. L., Pitt, John I., Polizzi, Giancarlo, Quaedvlieg, William, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Restrepo, Silvia, Rhaïem, Azza, Robert, J., Robert, Vincent A. R. G., Messias Rodrigues, Anderson, Salgado-Salazar, Catalina, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, Priscila, Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, Konstanze, Kema, Gerrit H. J., Samson, Robert A., Santos, Ariana C. S., Shivas, Roger G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, Wijnand J., Szöke, Szániszló, Tan, Yupei, Taylor, Joanne E., Taylor, P. W. J., Lamprecht, Sandra Christina, Vieira Tiago, Patricia, Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán, Wiele, Nathalie van de, Merwe, N. A. van der, Verkley, Gerard J. M., Vieira, Willie A. S., Vizzini, Alfredo, Weir, Bevan S., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Xia, J. W., Cai, L., Yáñez-Morales, María de Jesús, Yurkov, Andrey M., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zhang, C. L., Thines, Marco, Rossman, Amy Y., Stadler, Marc, Summerbell, Richard C., Taylor, John W., Ploch, Sebastian, Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Abdel-Azeem, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, Alireza, Akulov, A., Alberts, Johanna F., Araújo, João P.M., Ariyawansa, Hiran A.S., Bakhshi, Mounes, Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, Mauricio, Cardinali, Gianluigi, Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis-Ramírez, Adriana Marcela, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, Collémare, Jérôme, Croll, Daniel, Damm, Ulrike, Decock, Cony A., Vries, Ronald P. de, Ezekiel, Chibundu N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, Norma Beatriz, Gaya, Ester, González, Cristian D., Gramaje, David, Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, Martin, Guevara-Suarez, Marcela I., Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Guarnaccia, Vladimiro, Haddaji, A., Hagen, Ferry, Haelewaters, Danny, Hansen, Karen, Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Houbraken, Jos A. M. P., Hubka, Vít, Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, Teresa M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Johnston, Peter R., Jurjević, Željko, Karaltı, İskender, Korsten, L., Kuramae, Eiko Eurya, Kušan, Ivana, Labuda, Román, Lawrence, Daniel P., Lee, Hyangburm, Lechat, Christian, Li, Hongye, Litovka, Yulia A., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Marín-Felix, Yasmina, Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, Neven, McTaggart, Alistair R., Mlčoch, Patrik, Mugnai, Laura, Nakashima, Chiharu, Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, Sara Raouia, Pavlov, Igor N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, Alan J. L., Pitt, John I., Polizzi, Giancarlo, Quaedvlieg, William, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Restrepo, Silvia, Rhaïem, Azza, Robert, J., Robert, Vincent A. R. G., Messias Rodrigues, Anderson, and Salgado-Salazar, Catalina

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th

Published
2021

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