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According to Islam, the material and moral protection of orphans, patients, widows, elderly and poor people who compose the weak part of the society constitutes an important issue. In fact, those who help such people in society have been regarded as a auspicious believer. Ottoman State which is an Islamic state also acted with this awareness of responsibility and and thus aimed to ensure social continuity by respecting the social order and welfare. Accordingly, there are many policies developed and implemented by the Ottoman State. One of these is also the guarding of children born from multiple pregnancies in poor families with "tav'am salary" application. This application, the earliest examples of which corresponded to the 1760s, was applied until the last times of the Ottoman State. Tav'am salary application is important in terms of protecting the family institution and to show the responsibility of the state to its citizens. It is also important in that it constitutes a part of the policies implemented in the regulation of centerperiphery relations and the "modern social state" understanding beginning to develop from the second half of the XIXth century. The main resource of the study consists of Presidency Ottoman Archive Documents. These documents, obtained through the random (accidental / incidental) sampling method were evaluated according to the type of multiple pregnancies, the amount of salary, the institution making the payment, the professions and statuses of the parents and their places of residence. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to determine to whom and for how long the taw’am salaries were paid, what the amount of these salary was and whether the number of children, the profession and status of the father and the region they lived in formed a factor in salary allocation. In addition, the institution making the payments and the reasons of the state for paying such salaries were examined in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mader-i Mevlâna Islamic-Ottoman Social Complex was established with the construction of various foundation structures around the mother of Mevlâna Celâleddin Rumî, Mümine Hatun’s grave being in Karaman. Since the oldest and main structure of the social complex was Mümine Hatun’s shrine, this name was given to it and other than the Mother’s grave, there are also the graves of Muhammed Alâeddin, the brother of Hz. Mevlâna, Mevlevi sheikhs and gents. The social complex was built by Kalemioğlu Ali Mehmed Bey, who was the disciple of the grandson of Hz. Mevlâna, the Great Arif Çelebi. Much later than Mader-i Mevlâna’s death and in the eras of Karamanoğlu Mirza Halil Bey and his son Alâeddin Bey, it was expanded and changed with repairs and additions. In this Karamanoğlu structure also named as Aktekke (Ağa Tekke) Mosque, Kalemiye Islamic Monastery, Karaman Mevlevi Lodge, Mader-i Mevlâna Shrine, Mümine Hatun Shrine and Valide Sultan Mosque, there are 10 modification and repair initiatives in XVIII.-XIX centuries; 7 modification and repair initiatives in XX.-XXI. centuries according to our archive documents. Therefore, some evaluations were made on issues such as the repair and modification process, restoration and maintenance expenses and who the workers are with the attempt to protect the vitality of the structures of Mader-i Mevlâna Social Complex of the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic. In addition, it was questioned whether the fact that the social complex’s belonging to the Mevleviyeh or Hz. Mevlâna’s mother’s grave’s being here was effective in this process in order to analyse the change and transformation that the social complex went through for more than 700 years, and the care that the Ottoman showed to protect this old work of art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karasinir and Elmasun, which are the central neighborhoods of southborder district of Konya province at the present time,were the villages connectod to Belviran township of Konya province during the Ottoman period. 1834 and 1840/41 dated register books belonging to Belviran township which is the administrative unit of these two settlements are registered in no 3373 and 3374 respectively,in BOA, NFS.d catalogs at Department of Ottoman Archives of General Directorate of State Archives of Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry. 3373 numbered book concerning the year 1834 is enumerated according to the procedure of page , and consists of 67 pages in total. According to the information given in the information form of the book, the starting date of the book is 27 February 1834. 3374 numbered book concerning the year 1840/41 is enumerated according to the procedure of folio , and consists of 224 pages in total. The registers at both books are kept on the basis of household . Household head was based on on the registration of population data. First, household head was recorded, and then the male population living in that household were recorded. There is no record of women population in the books. The register books, the subject to our study, contain the names, father names, nicknames, ages and appearance data of the male population living in Karasinir and Elmasun. Accordingly, in our study, the demographic structures, social and cultural characteristics of Karasinir and Elmasun villages in the second quarter of the IX th century will be discussed by evaluating the data in the population books of the year 1834 and 1840/41. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eşrefoğulları Beylic is a Turkish beylic founded in the early 14th century, in Beyşehir and its surrounding regions. Beyşehir was founded and developed during Eşrefoğulları era and became an important center later on. The city, which developed architecturally and culturally around the social complex founded by Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey, advanced socio-economically by drawing the surplus of its hinterland as a commercial center of attraction. This development of Beyşehir city center went on during the Ottoman era as well. Beyşehir had a status of Sanjak center during the Ottoman era, which it preserved until 1842. Due to its potential Beyşehir manifested demographic development since the days of Eşrefoğulları. However, after it lost its status as a Beylic center and especially as a sanjak center population growth lost its momentum. It can be asserted that administrative, social and commercial issues played big roles in stopping of population growth. Such issues caused substantial population movements around Beyşehir and its surrounding regions. Those movements mainly composed of temporary and voluntary domestic migration movements which gained permanence later on, most of which were caused by economic factors. It has been seen that a substantial level of domestic migration took place from Beyşehir and its surrounding areas to big cities especially after mid-19th century. Futhermore, serious health issues caused by Beyşehir Lake during 19th and 20th centuries are considered to have led to important population movements. The current study deals with demographic development of Beyşehir since the days of Eşrefoğulları from social and economic angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two shrines inside of Kulliya (social comlex) of Beyşehir Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey, there are various gravestones, sarcophaguses, inscriptions and some plastic architectural ruins, which were brought from graveyards, shrines and different buildings in Beyşehir region. Some of the marble and stone ruins mentioned above have reached today undividedly or piece by piece. In this study, the gravestones in shrines will be investigated. A general evaluation has been made about 32 gravestones; some of them are broken, from the point of history and art history. Some of these gravestones were written with Ottoman Turkish and the others Arabic or Persian languages. While gravestones were being investigated, the texts that were Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish have been translated to today's Turkish and interpreted. Knowledges which are about some of people who could be identified and dated from gravestones and were obtained from archives and sources , have been evaluated also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]