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This article deals with a thorough investigation of the energy internet towards future emerging technologies for energy distribution and management to solve existing limitations and enhance the performance of future sustainable energy. In consequence, a comprehensive review of energy internet features, applications, methods and existing issues and challenges are explained by developing arguments for future prospects. Key features of the energy internet such as energy sources, communication technologies, data computation, energy management systems and financial analysis are highlighted to enhance the energy efficiency, reliability, and security of the power network. Different energy internet application architectures and models are demonstrated for regulatory bodies under different dimensional concepts, networks, and layers. This article also explains the energy internet methods related to different programming approaches, artificial intelligence, and optimization algorithms for achieving granted reliability and enabling a decentralized energy market with a two-way energy flow. Furthermore, the present review focuses on the various issues and challenges of existing energy internet platforms related to safety, security, standards, protocols, costing and complexity as well as provides recommendations for future energy internet toward efficient energy distribution and management. Moreover, the study analyzes the impact of the energy internet on the conventional power grid and provides a global landscape of energy internet projects to make it more effective, dependable, and sustainable. All the highlighted insights of this review collectively inspire advancements in the energy internet platform for future energy data dissemination and management.

In this paper, the performance of an active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter is evaluated, which is developed utilizing both silicon (Si) and gallium trioxide (Ga 2 O 3 ) devices. The hybridization of semiconductor devices is performed since the production volume and fabrication of ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors are still in the early-stage, and they are highly expensive. In the proposed ANPC topology, the Si devices are operated at a low switching frequency, while the Ga 2 O 3 switches are operated at a higher switching frequency. The proposed ANPC mitigates the fault current in the switching devices which are prevalent in conventional ANPCs. The proposed ANPC is developed by applying a specified modulation technique and an intelligent switching arrangement, which has further improved its performance by optimizing the loss distribution among the Si/Ga 2 O 3 devices and thus effectively increases the overall efficiency of the inverter. It profoundly reduces the common mode current stress on the switches and thus generates a lower common-mode voltage on the output. It can also operate at a broad range of power factors. The paper extensively analyzed the switching performance of UWBG semiconductor (Ga 2 O 3 ) devices using double pulse testing (DPT) and proper simulation results. The proposed inverter reduced the fault current to 52 A and achieved a maximum efficiency of 99.1%.

This research proposes a three-phase six-level multilevel inverter depending on twelve-switch three-phase Bridge and multilevel DC-link. The proposed architecture increases the number of voltage levels with less power components than conventional inverters such as the flying capacitor, cascaded H-bridge, diode-clamped and other recently established multilevel inverter topologies. The multilevel DC-link circuit is constructed by connecting three distinct DC voltage supplies, such as single DC supply, half-bridge and full-bridge cells. The purpose of both full-bridge and half-bridge cells is to provide a variable DC voltage with a common voltage step to the three-phase bridge's mid-point. A vector modulation technique is also employed to achieve the desired output voltage waveforms. The proposed inverter can operate as a six-level or two-level inverter, depending on the magnitude of the modulation indexes. To guarantee the feasibility of the proposed configuration, the proposed inverter's prototype is developed, and the experimental results are provided. The proposed inverter showed good performance with high efficiency of 97.59% following the IEEE 1547 standard. The current harmonics of the proposed inverter was also minimized to only 5.8%.

Three-phase induction motors (TIMs) are widely used for machines in industrial operations. As an accurate and robust controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is crucial in designing TIMs control systems. The performance of FLC highly depends on the membership function (MF) variables, which are evaluated by heuristic approaches, leading to a high processing time. To address these issues, optimisation algorithms for TIMs have received increasing interest among researchers and industrialists. Here, we present an advanced and efficient quantum-inspired lightning search algorithm (QLSA) to avoid exhaustive conventional heuristic procedures when obtaining MFs. The accuracy of the QLSA based FLC (QLSAF) speed control is superior to other controllers in terms of transient response, damping capability and minimisation of statistical errors under diverse speeds and loads. The performance of the proposed QLSAF speed controller is validated through experiments. Test results under different conditions show consistent speed responses and stator currents with the simulation results.