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Prenos lastninske pravice v zavarovanje in neposestna zastavna pravica na premičnini predstavljata alternativni obliki stvarnopravnega zavarovanja obveznosti s premičninami. Obema institutoma je skupno to, da premičnina, ki je predmet zavarovanja, ostane v posesti fiducianta ali zastavitelja, kar slednjima omogoča, da jo še naprej uporabljata ali ekonomsko izkoriščata. Neposestnost pa na drugi strani predstavlja nevarnost neupravičenega razpolaganja s predmetom zavarovanja. Tako fiduciar kot zastavni upnik nimata pravnega varstva proti dobrovernemu pridobitelju lastninske pravice. Ta težava je odpravljena v primeru registrske neposestne zastavne pravice. Vpis v register namreč zagotavlja publicitetni učinek nasproti tretjim osebam, kar omogoča, da je zastavni upnik varovan proti dobrovernemu pridobitelju lastninske pravice. Publiciteta predstavlja največjo prednost registrske zastavne pravice v primerjavi s fiduciarno lastnino. Fiduciarni prenos lastninske pravice ima tudi svoje prednosti. Prva je v neakcesornosti od zavarovane terjatve, kar pomeni, da lahko obstaja tudi brez zavarovane terjatve. Fiduciarna lastnina lahko v obliki mirujočega zavarovanja ostane v veljavi in se uporabi za zavarovanje nove obveznosti, ko stranki to potrebujeta. Druga pomembna prednost fiduciarne lastnine je v izvršitvi zavarovanja. Stvarnopravni zakonik dopušča, da se fiduciant in fiduciar dogovorita za praktično katerikoli izvensodni način poplačila, medtem ko mora zastavni upnik spoštovati kogentna pravila ročne zastavne pravice. The transfer of ownership rights into insurance and non-possessory lien on movable property represent alternative forms of real insurance of obligations with movable property. Both institutes have in common that the movable property, which is the subject of insurance remains in the possession of the fiduciant or lienee, which enables them to continue to use it or exploit it economically. On the other hand, possessionlessnesses represents the risk of unjustified disposal of the object of insurance. Both the fiduciary and the lien creditor have no legal protection against a bona fide acquirer of the property. This problem is eliminated in the case of a registered non-possessory lien. Registration in the register provides a publicity effect against third parties, which enables the lien creditor to be protected against a bona fide acquirer of ownership rights. Publicity represents the greatest advantage of a registered lien over a fiduciary property. Fiduciary transfer of ownership rights also has its advantages. The first one is non-accessoriness to the secured claim, which means that it can exist even without a secured claim. In the form of dormant security, the fiduciary property can remain in effect and be used to secure a new obligation when the parties need it. Another important advantage of fiduciary property is in the enforcement of collateral. The Law of Property Code allows the fiduciant and the fiduciary to agree on practically any out-of-court method of repayment, while the lien creditor must comply with the mandatory rules of the manual lien.

[ES] El presente trabajo aborda el análisis del actual estatuto jurídico de los animales en el ordenamiento jurídico español mediante la aplicación de la Ley 17/2021, de 15 de diciembre, de modificación del código civil, la ley hipotecaria y la ley de enjuiciamiento civil, sobre el régimen jurídico de los animales, así como del reciente y novedoso Proyecto de Ley de protección, derechos y bienestar de los animales aprobado por votación en el Pleno del Congreso de los Diputados y remitido al Senado el pasado día 9 de febrero. En primer lugar, se realiza el análisis de la evolución histórica del estatuto jurídico de los animales, pasando éstos de ser considerados como cosas a ser considerados como seres vivos dotados de sensibilidad. En segundo lugar, se analizarán los preceptos introducidos por el Proyecto de Ley de Bienestar animal y las controversias surgidas del mismo, así como las modificaciones introducidas por la Ley 17/2021, de 15 de diciembre, sobre el Código Civil, la Ley Hipotecaria y la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil en lo referente a los animales, haciendo especial hincapié en los animales de compañía. Por último, se aborda el estudio de la normativa sobre protección animal en Castilla y León. [EN] This final degree paper proposes to analyze the actual situation of the current legal status of animals in the Spanish legal system through the application of Law 17/2021, of 15 December, amending the civil code, mortgage law and the law of civil procedure, on the legal regime for animals, as well as the new Proyect Law on the Protection, Rights and Welfare of Animals adopted by vote in the plenary of the Congress of Deputies and send to the Senate on 9 February. First, the analysis of the historical evolution of the legal status of animals is carried out, from being considered as things to being considered as sentient living beings. Secondly, the precepts introduced by the new Animal Welfare Proyect Law and the controversies arising from it will be analyzed, as well as the amendments introduced by Law 17/2021 of 15 December on the Civil Code, the Mortgage Act and the Civil Procedure Act as regards animals, with particular emphasis on pets. Finally, the study of the rules on animal protection in Castilla and León is addressed.

Kada se založno pravo osniva upisom u određeni javni upisnik (registar) radi se o registarskom založnom pravu – hipoteci. U suvremenim stvarnopravnim sustavima osiguranja važno mjesto zauzima založnopravno osiguranje koje omogućuje vjerovniku da se po dospijeću tražbine, ako ne bude namirena, namiri iz vrijednosti stvari koja je založena, i to bez obzira da li je stvar u času namirenja u vlasništvu založnog dužnika ili nije. U tom smislu, posebno je značajno uređenje založnopravnog osiguranja na stvarima koje su iz socijalnih, političkih i sigurnosnih razloga ograničene u prometu. Tako je za oružje, posebnim propisom, određen režim pravnog prometa koji karakteriziraju različite restrikcije, odobrenja i evidencije posjedovanja i vlasništva. Posjedovanje oružja, u Republici Hrvatskoj, uređuje Zakon o nabavi i posjedovanju oružja građana. Međutim, pretpostavke, učinke i postupak upisa registarskog založnog prava na oružju uređuje Zakon o Upisniku sudskih i javnobilježničkih osiguranja tražbina na pokretnim stvarima i pravima. U tom smislu, postoje različiti registri u koje se upisuju različita stvarna prava na oružju, a koji se vode kod različitih državnih tijela. U radu se analizira stvarnopravni značaj (deklaratorni i konstitutivni) upisa oružja u različite registre, postupak i pravne posljedice upisa. Ističu se otvorena pitanja osnivanja i prenošenja založnog prava, namirenja založnog vjerovnika, prava na posjed i uporabu oružja kao zaloga. Analizira se adekvatnost postojećih vrsta upisa u Upisnik sudskih i javnobilježničkih osiguranja tražbina na pokretnim stvarima i pravima. Rad pokušava dati smjernice za eventualnu regulaciju ovih pitanja de lege ferenda koja bi zadovoljila opće, političkopravne, ali i privatnopravne interese nositelja stvarnopravnih ovlaštenja na oružju., When a lien is established by entry in a specific public register (registry), it is a registered lien – a mortgage. According to the method of establishment, the right of lien, which is established by entry in the public register (registry), is called a mortgage. In modern real law insurance systems, an important place is occupied by lien law insurance, which allows the creditor, upon maturity of the claim, if it is not settled, to be settled from the value of the pledged thing, regardless of whether the thing at the time of settlement is owned by the pledge debtor or not. In this sense, the arrangement of lien insurance on things that are restricted in circulation for social, political and security reasons is particularly important. Thus, for weapons, a special regulation has determined the regime of legal circulation characterized by various restrictions, approvals and records of possession and ownership. Possession of weapons in the Republic of Croatia is governed by the Act on the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons by Citizens. However, the assumptions, effects and procedure for registration of a registered lien on weapons as movable property are governed by the Act on the Register of Court and Public Notary Security of Claims on Movable Property and Rights. In this regard, there are various registers in which different actual rights to weapons are registered, and which are kept by different state bodies. The paper analyses the actual legal significance (declaratory and constitutive) of the registration of weapons in various registers, the procedure and legal consequences of the registration. Open issues of establishment and transfer of lien rights, satisfaction of the lien creditor, right to possession and use of weapons as pledge are highlighted. The adequacy of the existing types of entries in the Register of Court and Public-Notary Security of Claims on Movable Property and Rights is analysed. The paper offers to provide guidelines and possible solutions for the regulation of these issues de lege ferenda that would meet the general, political and legal interests, as well as interests in private law of real rights holders on weapons.

In the conditions of the struggle of the Ukrainian State against the armed aggression of the russian federation and the protection of fundamental values on the European continent, the issues of effective regulation of private relations have become important, in particular in connection with the termination of the right of private ownership of physical and legal entities to their property. According to Art. 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine, no one can be unlawfully deprived of the right to property, and the right to private property is inviolable. At the same time, for the purpose of social necessity, ensuring the security of the state, public interests, there may be a need to seize or forcibly alienate property, in particular, movable things belonging to participants in civil relations. In this case, the issues of proper legal regulation of these relations and ensuring an effective mechanism of its action have acquired special importance, which confirms the relevance of these problems. The Civil Code of Ukraine has indicated that movable things are things that can be freely moved in space. Also, the legislator has defined the requisition as one of the grounds for terminating property ownership, and in Art. 353 of the Civil Code of Ukraine has detailed that such a basis can be applied in conditions of a state of emergency or war with subsequent full reimbursement of its cost, and in the event of a natural disaster, accident, epizootic epidemic and other extraordinary circumstances for the purpose of public necessity with preliminary and full reimbursement of cost. In case of violation of the property owner's rights during the procedure of forced alienation of property, the latter (property owner) has the right to legal protection and the owner of the requisitioned property has the right to appeal the assessment based on which the value of the requisitioned property was reimbursed. In the conditions of martial period, the relevant provisions must be detailed, and the rights of persons whose property is requisitioned must be regulated by law. At the same time, the right of the owner of requisitioned or otherwise compulsorily expropriated property during martial period to appeal the assessment, according to which the value of the requisitioned property was reimbursed, appears to be an effective way of protecting his legitimate interests., В умовах боротьби Української Держави проти збройної агресії російської федерації та захисту основоположних цінностей на Європейському континенті важливого значення набувають питання ефективного регулювання приватних відносин, зокрема у зв’язку із припиненням права приватної власності фізичних та юридичних осіб на належне їм майно. Відповідно до ст. 41 Конституції України, ніхто не може бути протиправно позбавлений права власності, а право приватної власності є непорушним. Поряд з тим, з метою суспільної необхідності, забезпечення безпеки держави, публічних інтересів може виникати потреба вилучення чи примусового відчуження майна, зокрема, рухомих речей, які належать учасникам цивільних відносин. У такому разі питання належного правового регулювання цих відносин та забезпечення ефективного механізму його дії набувають особливого значення, що підтверджує актуальність цієї проблематики. Цивільний кодекс України вказує, що рухомими речами є речі, які можна вільно переміщувати у просторі. Також, законодавець визначає реквізицію як одну з підстав припинення права власності на майно, а у ст. 353 Цивільного кодексу України деталізує, що така підстава може бути застосована в умовах надзвичайного або воєнного стану з наступним повним відшкодуванням його вартості, а у разі стихійного лиха, аварії, епідемії епізоотії та за інших надзвичайних обставин з метою суспільної необхідності з попереднім і повним відшкодуванням його вартості. У випадку порушення прав власника майна під час процедури примусового відчуження майна, останній (власник майна) має право на судовий захист і власник реквізованого майна має право оскаржити оцінку, за якою була відшкодована вартість реквізованого майна. В умовах воєнного стану, відповідні положення мають бути законодавчо деталізовані, а права осіб, у яких реквізується майно, нормативно регламентовані. У той же час, право власника реквізованого чи іншим чином примусово відчуженого майна під час дії воєнного стану на оскарження оцінки, за якою була відшкодована вартість реквізованого майна, видається ефективним способом захисту його правомірних інтересів.

Tiesību zinātne Tiesību zinātne Law Science Law Science Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Piedziņas vēršana uz parādnieka kustamo mantu”. Gadījumā, ja nolēmums netiek pildīts, tad savu darbību uzsāk zvērināts tiesu izpildītājs, lai atjaunot aizskartās piedzinēja tiesības. Zvērināts tiesu izpildītājs nolēmuma izpildē piemēro piespiedu izpildes līdzekļus, viens no kuriem ir piedziņas vēršana uz parādniekam piederošu kustamu mantu. Bakalaura darbā tiek analizēts piedziņas vēršanas uz parādniekam piederošu kustamu mantu regulējums, analizēts kustamās mantas jēdziens un izpētīts samērīgums piedziņas procesā iesaistīto subjektu tiesību nodrošināšanā ar mērķi identificēt vai pastāv tiesiskā regulējuma nepilnības un izteikt priekšlikumus tiesību normu pilnveidošanai. Bakalaura darba objekts ir zvērināta tiesu izpildītāja un piedziņas procesa iesaistīto subjektu tiesiskās attiecības. Bakalaura darba priekšmets ir piedziņas uz kustamo mantu tiesiskais regulējums un tā piemērošana. Bakalaura darba nobeigumā autore izteiks priekšlikumus par iespējamiem Civilprocesa likuma grozījumiem. The theme of the bachelor work is “Debt recovery from movable property”. If the decision is not being enforced, a sworn bailiff starts legal activities to restore the creditor's rights. A sworn bailiff applies enforcement measures, one of which is debt recovery from the movable property of the debtor. The bachelor analyses the regulation of the debt recovery from the movable property of the debtor and describes the concept of movable property and the proportionality principle in ensuring the rights of the entities involved in the process of debt from movable property, with the aim to identify any legal gaps and make proposals for improvement. The object of the bachelor is the legal relations of a sworn bailiff and the persons involved in the debt recovery process. The subject of the bachelor's is the legal framework of the debt recovery from movable property and its application. In the conclusion of the bachelor, the author makes proposals regarding possible amendment of the Civil Procedure law.

Gracias a la llegada final de la Justicia en un caso verdaderamente aberrante, se supo de una nueva hazaña del magistrado Jorge Ignacio Pretelt Chaljub, pues la Honorable Corte Suprema de Justicia evitó, al casar una sentencia del Tribunal Superior del Distrito Judicial de Cartagena, que se consumara un atropello contra el ciudadano Gerardo Núñez Piñeres. Los señores Pretelt Chaljub y Núñez Piñeres adquirieron en compañía una lancha de nombre Aguja, para fines recreativos. Suele suceder que, entre socios en las condiciones en que estos dos caballeros se asociaron, haya diferencias al momento de compartir gastos y cumplir con determinados requisitos. Pero quien conozca a Núñez y a Pretelt infiere, de manera muy fácil, cuál de los dos fue el de la iniciativa de puyar al otro con la Aguja.

Статья посвящена акциям, необходимым для членства в акционерном обществе в Республике Болгария. Обсуждены основные права, которые предоставляет акция. Описаны условия, необходимые для получения статуса «акционер» (возникновение правоотношений членства в определенный момент), что, однако, все еще не приводит к приобретению всех прав членства в полном объеме этим акционером. Рассмотрены некоторые распорядительные сделки с акциями, которые могут не приводить к возникновению правоотношений членства. Описаны случаи, при которых приобретение акций не дает прав членства. Определено понятие «привилегированная акция». Описан случай, когда акция принадлежит нескольким лицам, а также какими правами они обладают, владея ею. Описаны определяющие рыночную цену акции факторы в качестве движимого имущества. Рассмотрено содержание и форма сделки по передаче права голоса. Представлены различные критерии обособления прав акций., The purpose of this article is to present the share as a membership in the joint stock company in the Republic of Bulgaria. The basic rights contained in the action are discussed. The reasons why the acquisition of the quality "shareholder" (the emergence of a membership relationship at a given time) still does not lead to the acquisition in full of all membership rights by this shareholder are described. Some disposition transactions with the share are discussed, which may not lead to the emergence of a membership relationship. The cases in which the acquisition of shares does not lead to membership rights are described. The concept of "preferred share" is discussed. The case is described in which the share belongs to several persons and they exercise their rights under it. The determining factors for the share price on the market are described as movable property. The content or form of the voting transfer transaction is discussed. The different criteria for differentiation of the rights of the shares are described.

El presente artículo expone la experiencia de una primera etapa de un proyecto de investigación que consistió en el relevamiento, catalogación y puesta en valor del patrimonio material mueble perteneciente a la Legislatura de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, llevado a cabo entre mayo de 2019 y abril de 2020. Este trabajo presentó una gran complejidad debido a que el acervo está conformado por un corpus heterogéneo: mobiliario, obras pictóricas, vitrales, artefactos lumínicos y se encuentra ubicado en los despachos más importantes de la mencionada institución. Al ser parte del funcionamiento cotidiano del establecimiento, está expuesto a permanentes cambios de emplazamiento y desgaste por su utilización. Algunos de estos bienes se encuentran en estado de conservación deficiente, lo que hizo necesario la detección de ciertas patologías para una posible restauración.A continuación, se presentan algunos de los resultados obtenidos con este proyecto y diversas reflexiones que surgieron a raíz del problema de trabajar con bienes muebles de instituciones públicas, que no cuentan con un plan de manejo ni con personal capacitado para administrar sus colecciones., The complexity of this work was due to the diversity of the collection, which is made up of various movable properties: furniture, paintings, stained glass windows, and light fixtures that are located in the offices of the aforementioned institution. As they are part of the daily activity of the establishment, these objects are exposed to permanent changes in location and to a degradation process due to their use. As a result, some of these properties are in a deficient state of conservation, which made it necessary to detect certain pathologies for their possible restoration. This article disseminates some of the results obtained by the assessment of the heritage status of these properties. And our reflections related to the problem of working on this subject with a public institution, which do not have a management plan or trained personnel to manage such an important collection

�� ������������ ���������������������� �������������������� ���������������� ���������������������� �������������� ���������������������� ������������������ ������ �������������� ������������������������ ����������. ���������������� �������������������� �� ������������������������ �� ���������������������� �������������������������������� ���� ������������ ������������������ ������������������ ������������������ ������������������, ������������������ �� ����. 130 ������������������������ �������������� ����, �� ������������������������. ���������������������� ������������������������ ������������������������ ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������� ���������������� �� ���������������������� ���� �������� ���������������������������� ���������������� ����������������, ������������ ������ ��������������������, ������������������-����������������������, ������������������, ���������� ���������������������� �������������������������� ������������. ���� ������������ ������������������������ �������������������� ������������ ������������������ �� ������������ ����������, ������������ ���� �������������������������� ������������������ ������������������ �� ������������������������, �������������������� �� �������������������� ��������������������, �� �������� �������������������������� ������ ���������������������� ������ ������������������������ ����������������������. ���������� ������������������, ������ ������������������ �� �������������� ��������, �������� ���������������������� ����������������, �������������������� ���������������� ���� �� ���������������������� ������������������, �� �� ������������������, �������������������������� �� ������������������������, the article deals with the actual problems of defining real estate as an object of civil law. Deficiencies and contradictions in the civil legislation regarding the assignment of certain categories of property specified in Article 130 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to real estate have been identified. The research methodology is represented by the general scientific dialectical method of cognition and the resulting private scientific method of cognition, such as logical, formal-legal, systemic, and a dialogical approach is also used. Based on the results of the study, it was proposed to amend this norm, moving away from the traditional classification of property as real estate associated with natural properties, due to the impossibility of moving it without significant damage. And such categories of real estate, by virtue of the law, as aircraft and sea vessels, inland navigation vessels are proposed to be attributed not to real estate, but to property equated to real estate

A partir de fuentes notariales -cartas dotales, testamentos, codicilos, inventarios de bienes, tasación, adjudicación a herederos- se traza la biografía de doña Leonor Rodríguez de Fonseca y Toledo, marquesa de Campotéjar, así como el lujo y devoción que le acompañaron en vida. Lujo manifiesto por el mobiliario mueble, textil, plata y joyas de que disfrutó, y devoción por las pinturas religiosas, esculturas y oratorio privado que, además de ornar su residencia, muestran su indudable fervor religioso. Signos externos plenamente compatibles para dar a conocer la riqueza que se posee, expresar el rango elevado, refinado gusto y declaración inequívoca de piedad devota. Todo ello un buen ejemplo de otros muchos títulos de Castilla residentes en la Villa y Corte en pleno Siglo de Oro From notarial sources -dot cards, testaments, codicils, inventories of goods, valuation, award to heirs- the biography of doña Leonor Rodríguez de Fonseca y Toledo, Marquise de Campotéjar is traced, as well as the luxury and devotion who accompanied him during his lifetime. Luxury manifested by furniture, textiles, silver and jewelry that he enjoyed, and devotion to religious paintings, sculptures and private oratory that, in addition to adorning his residence, show his undoubted religious fervor. External signs fully compatible to make known the wealth that is possessed, express the high rank, refined taste and unequivocal declaration of devout piety. All this a good example of many other titles of Castilla residents in the Villa and Court in the middle of the Golden Age

En este trabajo de grado se realizó un análisis de las esculturas en espacio abierto de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá y se evidenció falta de apropiación por parte de la comunidad universitaria. Se abordó el marco teórico para comprender las particularidades del espacio público de Bogotá y el espacio abierto de la Ciudad Universitaria y situando las esculturas en el contexto de la Universidad. Asimismo, se consultó el marco normativo que protege los bienes muebles en espacio público como soporte para su gestión. Estas herramientas permitieron identificar las necesidades del conjunto de esculturas y finalmente en este trabajo se propone un modelo de gestión en el que se formulan dos estrategias dirigidas a la gestión integral y la difusión, para generar procesos de apropiación social de las esculturas en espacio abierto de la Universidad. Abstract: In this degree work, an analysis of the sculptures in the open space of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá Campus was carried out and there was identified a lack of appropriation by the university community. The theoretical framework was approached to understand the particularities of the public space of Bogotá and the open space of the University City, placing the sculptures in the University context. Likewise, the regulatory framework that protects movable property in public space was consulted as a support for its management. These tools allowed to identify the needs of the group of sculptures. Finally, in this work a management model is proposed in which two strategies directed to the integral management and diffusion are formulated, to generate processes of social appropriation of the sculptures in open space of University. Maestría

Kako bi se ovršni postupak mogao provesti u skladu s zakonskim propisima, nužno je poštivati temeljna načela ovršnog postupka. Osnovni problem istraživanja završnog rada odnosio se na teorijski i praktični prikaz proučavane tematike prema naslovu „Provođenje ovrhe nad pokretninama“. Stoga, ovrha predstavlja prisilno ostvarenje tražbina sukladno ovršnim i vjerodostojnim ispravama kao što su, primjerice, vjerodostojni računi i pravomoćne presude. Specifičnost ovršnog postupka definira se kroz ovršni postupak koji je uređen propisima građanskog prava, a ukoliko se porezni dug prisilno naplaćuje iz vrijednosti pokretnina i imovinskih prava, za ovrhu je nadležno porezno tijelo. Pokretnine se odnose na stvari koje po svojoj prirodi mogu biti premještene s jednog mjesta na drugo, i to neovisno o promjeni njihove biti. Za provođenje ovrhe nad pokretninama nadležan je sud na čijem se području pokretnine nalaze. In order to enforce the enforceable procedure in accordance with the legal regulations, it is necessary to respect the fundamental principles of enforcement proceedings. The main problem of the final study was the theoretical and practical view of the topic studied under the title "Execution of Custody Over Movements". Consequently, enforceability constitutes forcible enforcement of claims in accordance with enforceable and credible documents such as, for example, credible accounts and final judgments. The specificity of the enforcement procedure is defined through enforcement proceedings that are governed by civil law provisions, and if the tax debt is forcibly charged for the value of movable property and property rights, the enforcement authority is the competent tax authority. Movements relate to things that by their nature can be moved from one place to another, independently of their being changed. The execution of custody over the movable property is the responsibility of the court on whose territory the movable property is located.

[EN] In the present work we intend to make a brief study about some goods that the Illustrious Notarial College of Valencia keeps, and that are related to St. Vicente Ferrer. These are the so-called "Bults de Sant Vicente" that represent the baptism of the Valencian Saint. On the occasion of the Vincentian Year, which commemorates the sixth centenary of the death of St. Vincent Ferrer, we show these unique figures, as well as the value and approach to the public after its restoration and conservation by the aforementioned College., [ES] En el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un breve estudio sobre unos bienes que custodia el Ilustre Colegio Notarial de Valencia, y que tienen relación con Sant Vicent Ferrer. Son los llamados “Bults de Sant Vicent” que representan el bautismo del Santo valenciano. Con motivo del Año Vicentino, que conmemora el sexto centenario de la muerte de Sant Vicent Ferrer, mostramos estas figuras únicas, así como la puesta en valor y acercamiento al público tras su extraordinaria restauración y conservación por parte del citado colegio.

Neposestna zastavna pravica na premičnini pomeni pravico zastavnega upnika, da se zaradi neplačila zavarovane terjatve ob njeni zapadlosti poplača skupaj z obrestmi in stroški iz vrednosti zastavljenega predmeta pred vsemi drugimi upniki zastavitelja. Poznamo dve modaliteti neposestne zastavne pravice, in sicer »navadno« in registrsko neposestno zastavno pravico. Navadna neposestna zastavna pravica nastane že s sklenitvijo sporazuma o nastanku zastavne pravice, za nastanek registrske neposestne zastavne pravice pa je potreben še vpis v Register neposestnih zastavnih pravic in zarubljenih premičnin. Nastanek registrske neposestne zastavne pravice je povezan z ureditvijo v številnih zakonih in podzakonskih predpisih. Kljub jasnim predpisom pa so se pojavile dileme o učinkih in smislu vpisa zastavne pravice v javni register ter drugih pogojih za nastanek registrske zastavne pravice, konkretno na telekomunikacijskih omrežjih. Sodna praksa je na tem področju še dokaj skopa, vendar je na določena pomembna stvarnopravna vprašanja že odgovorila. V magistrskem delu se ukvarjam predvsem z vprašanjem ureditve in nastanka registrske neposestne zastavne pravice ter s pravno opredelitvijo telekomunikacijskega omrežja kot opreme. A non-possessory lien on movable property represents the right of the lien creditor to be paid off due to the default of the secured claim when it is due, including interest and costs, from the value of the object of the lien before all other creditors of the person granting the lien. Two modalities of the non-possessory lien are known, namely, “regular” and registered non-possessory liens. The regular non-possessory lien is constituted by way of entering into an agreement establishing the lien, whereas the registered non-possessory lien requires entry into the Register of non-possessory liens and seized movable property. The constitution of the non-possessory lien is connected to the regulation of several laws and statutes. Despite the clear regulation, dilemmas have emerged with regard to the effect and meaning of a lien being entered into the public register along with other conditions pertaining to the constitution of the registered lien specifically in relation to telecommunication networks. The case law is still scarce in this filed, however, answers to certain relevant legal property issues have been provided. In this Master's Thesis, I deal principally with the issues of regulation and constitution of registered non-possessory liens and the legal definition of a telecommunication network as an item of equipment.

The thesis examines the intersection between property law and bankruptcy law, and compares the scope of the insolvent debtor’s assets under Chinese and Norwegian law. After an examination of the general rules on transfer of ownership, the thesis compares the rules on retention of title and security interests in order to answer a general question: When may a bankruptcy estate seize movable property to which a third party has a conflicting right? In the broader scope, the comparison also demonstrates how Chinese and Norwegian law both take a utilitarian approach to lawmaking, perhaps more concerned with the needs of a modern economy than the roots of legal tradition. Masteroppgave (60 sp) forskerlinje JUS397 MAJUR

Kada fizička osoba tj. građanin podižu kredite onda se najprije mora voditi računa o tome da li je riječ o dugoročnim ili kratkoročnim kreditima. Dugoročni krediti najčešće su stambeni krediti ili krediti za vozila, dok su kratkoročni krediti minusi po tekućem računu ili tzv. revolving krediti po karticama odnosno bilo koji krediti do 1 godine otplate. Bilo da se radi o dugoročnim ili kratkoročnim kreditima, i kod jednih i drugih se uzimaju idući podaci : izjave za obustavu na plaću – što bi značilo da po toj izjavi banka obavještava poslodavca da je njen djelatnik podigao kredit te ga traži da umjesto njega svaki mjesec prilikom isplate plaće, oduzme mu iznos u visini rate kredita i direktno uplati banci. Zadužnice – one se naplaćuju na FINA-i, i u pravilu mogu ovršiti račune koje ima fizička osoba u Splitskoj banci ili bilo kojoj drugoj osim tzv. zaštićenih računa na koji se prima minimalan dio plaće u slučaju blokade. Mjenice – one se uzimaju iako se u pravilu ne naplaćuju jer ne postoji razrađeni pravni mehanizam za njihovu naplatu. Da bi se one u budućnosti mogle naplaćivati fizičke osobe bi prilikom same ovjere trebali ovjeriti i mjenice kao i listu svoje materijalne i nematerijalne imovine kako bi se uopće mogla znati „težina mjenice“. U slučaju da kredit ima sudužnika i/ili jamca ove navedene tri stavke uzimaju se i od njih, te novčani depoziti od banka ukoliko postoje. Kod dugoročnih kredita uz sve navedeno uzima se također i tzv. hipoteka najčešće nad nekretninama (dakle, zemljišta, stanovi, kuće i sl.) te pokretninama kao što su auti, brodovi, zlato, dijamanti, vrijednosni papiri itd. U praksi se najčešće oduzimaju nekretnine i auta, a ostale stavke vrlo rijetko. When a person, ie a citizen, raises credits, then one must first consider whether it is long-term or short-term loans. Long-term loans are most often residential mortgages or vehicle loans, while short-term loans are minus on a current account or so-called revolving credit cards or any loan up to 1 year of repayment. Whether it is long-term or short-term loans, one and the other is taking the following information: pay-off statements - which would mean that the bank informs the employer that his employee has raised a loan and asks him to place him monthly when paying the salary, deducts the amount in the amount of the loan and deposits it directly with the bank. Debentures - they are charged at FINA, and they can, as a rule, execute accounts with a natural person in Splitska banka or any other than the so-called. protected accounts that receive the minimum wage share in case of blockage. Bills of exchange - they are taken even though they do not usually charge because there is no elaborated legal mechanism for their billing. In order to be able to charge them in the future, physical persons should also certify bills of exchange, as well as a list of their tangible and intangible assets, in order to be able to know the "billing weight" at all. In the case that credits have a lender and / or a guarantor, these three items are taken from them and cash deposits from the bank if they exist. In the case of long-term loans, along with all the above mentioned, mortgages are mostly on real estate (ie land, apartments, houses, etc.) and movables such as cars, boats, gold, diamonds, securities. Most often, banks have taken mortgages and cars, and other items are very rare.