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As a result of the military operations taking place on the territory of Ukraine, thousands of buildings and structures have suffered significant damage and destruction. A substantial share of such buildings belongs to immovable cultural heritage sites, such as historical buildings of local and national significance; frequently, including educational institutions such as kindergartens, schools, lyceums etc. Damaged buildings are subject to restoration by repairing or strengthening their building structures, restoration, or conservation. There is a large number of repair materials and technologies for conducting restoration works, which are regulated by the requirements of DSTU B V.3.1-2:2016. However, while performing repair work on the structures of historical buildings, it is necessary to focus on the DSTU-NB B B.3.2-4 requirements. Among the most common types of damage to historical buildings caused by blast waves, splinters etc., are cracks in the masonry of wall structures and foundations; cracks in the joint of structures; knocking out fragments of masonry with damage to facing; damage to the elements of the floor and covering; systematic soaking of foundations etc. An essential aspect of restoring historical buildings is the maximum preservation of their historical and cultural significance with minimal interventions in the structure of structures and their appearance. The article considers modern methods of restoring the operational suitability of historical building elements, namely repair of cracks by injection and impregnation; strengthening the walls of buildings with the help of external reinforcement with carbon tapes and installation of high-strength rods in stone walls; restoration of stonework using special mixtures; strengthening of reinforced concrete and metal span elements with high-strength carbon fabrics, or lamellas (FRP); installation of waterproofing of walls subjected to systematic locking from the middle of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of analytical studies to establish the authentic component composition of the brick crumb plaster, which was used to furnish architectural monuments of the 10th -- 12th centuries. In laboratory conditions, a number of experimental studies aimed at the production of brick crumb plaster according to the historical recipe were performed. However, a number of requirements were set for such plaster, according to which it must meet European and domestic requirements for drying renovation plasters. The peculiarity of such plasters is low compressive strength (1.5 -- 5.0MPa), high porosity (>45 %) and a low coefficient of resistance to water vapour diffusion (<12), which allows drying overmoistened walls and at the same time extracting salts from them and accumulating them in the pores of their volume. In the process of experimental research, the historical recipe of the plaster was slightly modified, which made it possible to obtain a plaster with the specified parameters. The performance of plastering works with a scientifically based recipe of brick crumb renovation plaster on an architectural monument in the city of Chernihiv gave a positive result with a decrease in salinity and humidity of the walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article raises the problem of radical changes in the urban environment as a result of military operations. The history of the settlement of Borodianka and the town of Irpin, which suffered significant destruction in the first months of the war, is given. The on-site inspections of damaged objects -- visual and instrumental -- carried out by the authors of the article are described, and conclusions were obtained about the amount of damage and the results of the impact of various types of shelling on various types of structures. Given the large volume of buildings that cannot be restored, a radical change in the established urban environment is predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the issue of researching one of Banksy's murals, which was created in the city of Borodyanka, Ukraine. This mural, like the artist's other works, carries a deeper message. This time it is a message related to the war in Ukraine. At the same time, the authors note that the mural is a work of art and an important 'witness' for the local community to the tragic events in Borodyanka. In the current situation, where as a result of the war, the building substance is destroyed to a greater or lesser extent, it is important to consider how to protect, preserve, and restore works of street art, especially works as valuable as the Banksy mural under analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the work carried out during 2021 - 2022 on the condition survey of building facades in the so-called historical Bessarabian quarter in Kyiv. The purpose of the survey is to identify defects and damage that were acquired during the operation of the facades and can reduce their durability. The following methods were used: visual -- when determining the technical condition of structures based on external features; analytical -- when assessing the technical condition of the surveyed object, instrumental -- when studying the physical and mechanical indicators of structures. Based on the received survey data, recommendations were formulated regarding the facade restoration technology. It is recommended to focus specifically on the method of dismantling the existing decorative layers of the facade and replacing them with new ones. This approach will maximally extend the service life of the facade of the historic building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the artistic value, legal and conservation aspects of Banksy's murals created during the war in Ukraine. Currently, there are conflicting opinions both on the artistic value of street art and on how to preserve works of this type as works of art. As Banksy's works have become commercially important, there is a need to assess them in Ukraine, regarding legal aspects and the possibility of displaying them. The authors analyzed the problems of using these murals from the point of view of the law and structural possibilities, since the murals are made on dilapidated buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]