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Cow milk consumption (CMC) and downstream alterations of serum metabolites are commonly considered important factors regulating human health status. Foods may lead to metabolic changes directly or indirectly through remodelling gut microbiota (GM). We sought to identify the metabolic alterations in Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women with habitual CMC and explore if the GM mediates the CMC-metabolite associations. 346 Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women participants were recruited in this study. Fixed effects regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to reveal alterations of serum metabolic features in different CMC groups. Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to detect metabolome-metagenome association. 36 CMC-associated metabolites including palmitic acid (FA(16:0)), 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesterin-3-one (7alphaC4), citrulline were identified by both fixed effects regression (FDR < 0.05) and PLS-DA (VIP score > 2). Some significant metabolite-GM associations were observed, including FA(16:0) with gut species Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides sp.D2. These findings would further prompt our understanding of the effect of cow milk on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of low-dimensional movement control by the central nervous system has been debated for decades. In this study, we investigated the dimensionality of the control signals received by spinal motor neurons when controlling either the ankle or knee joint torque. We first identified the low-dimensional latent factors underlying motor unit activity during torque-matched isometric contractions in male participants. Subsequently, we evaluated the extent to which motor units could be independently controlled. To this aim, we used an online control paradigm in which participants received the corresponding motor unit firing rates as visual feedback. We identified two main latent factors, regardless of the muscle group (vastus lateralis-medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis-medialis). The motor units of the gastrocnemius lateralis could be controlled largely independently from those of the gastrocnemius medialis during ankle plantarflexion. This dissociation of motor unit activity imposed similar behavior to the motor units that were not displayed in the feedback. Conversely, it was not possible to dissociate the activity of the motor units between the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles during the knee extension tasks. These results demonstrate that the number of latent factors estimated from linear dimensionality reduction algorithms does not necessarily reflect the dimensionality of volitional control of motor units. Overall, individual motor units were never controlled independently of all others but rather belonged to synergistic groups. Together, these findings provide evidence for a low-dimensional control of motor units constrained by common inputs, with notable differences between muscle groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We only consider finite structures. With every totally ordered set V and a subset P of V 2 , we associate the underlying tournament Inv (V ̲ , P) obtained from the transitive tournament V ̲ : = (V , { (x , y) ∈ V × V : x < y }) by reversing P, i.e., by reversing the arcs (x, y) such that { x , y } ∈ P . The subset P is a pairing (of ∪ P ) if | ∪ P | = 2 | P | , a quasi-pairing (of ∪ P ) if | ∪ P | = 2 | P | - 1 ; it is irreducible if no nontrivial interval of ∪ P is a union of connected components of the graph (∪ P , P) . In this paper, we consider pairings and quasi-pairings in relation to tournaments. We establish close relationships between irreducibility of pairings (or quasi-pairings) and indecomposability of their underlying tournaments under modular decomposition. For example, given a pairing P of a totally ordered set V of size at least 6, the pairing P is irreducible if and only if the tournament Inv (V ̲ , P) is indecomposable. This is a consequence of a more general result characterizing indecomposable tournaments obtained from transitive tournaments by reversing pairings. We obtain analogous results in the case of quasi-pairings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, algorithms for different types of trigonometric power sums are developed and presented. Although interesting in their own right, these trigonometric power sums arise during the creation of an algorithm for the four types of twisted trigonometric power sums defined in the introduction. The primary aim in evaluating these sums is to obtain exact results in a rational form, as opposed to standard or direct evaluation, which often results in machine-dependent decimal values that can be affected by round-off errors. Moreover, since the variable, m, appearing in the denominators of the arguments of the trigonometric functions in these sums, can remain algebraic in the algorithms/codes, one can also obtain polynomial solutions in powers of m and the variable r that appears in the cosine factor accompanying the trigonometric power. The degrees of these polynomials are found to be dependent upon v, the value of the trigonometric power in the sum, which must always be specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Determining the curriculum is the government's authority, in early 2022, the independent curriculum was launched. Implementing an independent curriculum is a challenge in itself for education in North Kalimantan. The reason is educational facilities in this region are not evenly distributed. However, several agencies have made efforts to continue to make the independent curriculum program a success. This research was conducted using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The results of this research are that the government, teacher groups, and several schools have developed and implemented an independent curriculum. Teaching staff in North Kalimantan experienced various difficulties in implementing the independent curriculum technique, including a lack of resources, such as teaching materials and technology, and confusion due to a lack of understanding. This case is an indication that there is still a need to improve the quality of education, especially in the interior of North Kalimantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Hanok is a representative wooden structure in Korea and is recognized for its environmentally friendly architecture. Since the 2010s, the demand for Hanoks has increased significantly, but new Hanoks tend to be built with only numerical changes to existing plans or only imitate the shape. This is due to the fact that architectural designers do not have systematic training in Hanoks, so they rely on carpenters with extensive experience in Hanok construction. As designers reconfigure Hanok's floor plan space using existing drawings to accommodate modernization, the building's form changes as spatial reduction and expansion occur. This change in form creates problems with the proportions of the elements that make up a Hanok, such as the roof being smaller than the body or the building being taller than the scale of the floor plan. A more significant issue is the lack of recognition of the proportion problem. Therefore, this study has a direct role in the systematic design and construction of Hanoks by deriving objective proportions of Hanoks. To increase the objectivity of the data, numerical data of floor plans, cross-sections, and front elevations of national heritage Hanoks with well-preserved traditional shapes were extracted and analyzed for patterns. Subsequently, similar forms were categorized, and ultimately, the plan, section, and elevation proportions were quantified. The results indicated that the plan was characterized by spatial expansion in the X-axis direction more than the Y-axis while maintaining rectangular proportions. The cross-sectional structure showed a change in height depending on the width of the plan, and it was found that the larger the width of the plan, the lower the height ratio of the cross-section. Of particular interest was the analysis of the ratio of exposed area in the elevation, divided into three areas: roof, Gongpo, and the frame, and the interaction between the roof and Gongpo was confirmed within 63.7% of the total exposed area ratio. This result suggests that the proportion of Hanoks exists despite the different scales, times, and locations of Hanoks. This study can serve as a reference for designers in the process of verifying and modifying design drawings, and it is significant in providing a method and direction for building a new dataset for Hanok design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the configuration process of open architecture products (OAPs), adaptive change is inevitable to meet customers' personalised demands. However, the coupling between modules makes adaptive changes of open architecture products more difficult. For the coupling between modules in open architecture product design, an approach to analysing the coupling between modules is proposed. The implications of adaptive change for open architecture products are explained, and the interface relationships among the common platform, customised modules, and personalised modules are analysed. The coupling modes of three cases are discussed, i.e. the coupling between modules under the same branch, between modules under different branches with only functional collaboration, and between modules under different branches with function-structure correlation. The coupling degrees are calculated with consideration of the number of connections between modules and their comprehensive correlation degree. The structural complexity of the module is considered by development cost, development time, change cost, and change time, which is expressed with the information content in axiomatic design. Based on structural complexity, the dependency, and coupling degree between modules, the calculation method of change impact degree between modules is presented. The method on coupling analysis between modules in open architecture product design for personalised electric winches is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite achievements in the remarkable photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of photoelectrodes based on organometal halide perovskites (OHPs), the scaling up of small-scale OHP-based PEC systems to large-scale systems remains a great challenge for their practical application in solar water splitting. Significant resistive losses and intrinsic defects are major obstacles to the scaling up of OHP-based PEC systems, leading to the PEC performance degradation of large-scale OHP photoelectrodes. Herein, a scalable design of the OHP-based PEC systems by modularization of the optimized OHP photoelectrodes exhibiting a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 10.4% is suggested. As a proof-of-concept, the OHP-based PEC module achieves an optimal PEC performance by avoiding major obstacles in the scaling up of the OHP photoelectrodes. The constructed OHP module is composed of a total of 16 OHP photoelectrodes, and a photocurrent of 11.52 mA is achieved under natural sunlight without external bias. The successful operation of unassisted solar water splitting using the OHP module without external bias can provide insights into the design of scalable OHP-based PEC systems for future practical application and commercialization.

This study is research and development. This study aims to obtain a practical HOTS-oriented module based on the implementation of the module and the response of teachers and students as practitioners. The research instruments used were module implementation observation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. Practical data collection is carried out by providing implementation observation sheets to observers and response questionnaires are given to teachers and students. The results showed that the implementation of the module had an average score of 4.59 with the category carried out very well, the results of the teacher response questionnaire analysis had an average value of 4.58 with the practical category, and the results of the student response questionnaire analysis had an average value of 4.54 with the practical category. The conclusion of this study is that the HOTS-oriented module on biology material in the even semester of class X high school / MA developed has met the implementation criteria with the category of very well implemented and the response of teachers and students shows that the developed module is practically used in learning.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the complexity of Java software development and a change in the scope of projects, including an increase in the number of modules in projects. The multi-modularity of projects, although it improves manageability to a certain extent, but often creates a number of problems that can complicate development and, a problem that will appear in the future, require more resources to support. This article will analyze the main problems of monolithic multi-module Java projects and will try to consider a number of possible solutions to overcome the above problems. The article discusses the peculiarities of working with multi-module monolithic projects using Java as the main programming language. The purpose of this article is to identify features and obstacles using the above architectural approach of the software, analysis of the main possible issues of working with the monolithic multi-module Java projects, as well as providing recommendations for eliminating these obstacles or describing the features of the process that could help engineers in supporting this kind of projects. In other word the main goal of this work is to create recommendations, provide modern best practices for working with monolithic multi-modular software architecture and the most popular modern technological solutions used in corporate development. The proposed recommendations allow the team, primarily developers and the engineering side, to avoid possible obstacles that lead to the loss of efficiency of the monolithic software development process. The most important advantage, from the recommendations given in the article, is the optimization of resource costs (time, money and labor) for the development process. As a result of the article, a general list of recommendations was obtained, which allows the developer to better analyze what changes in the project should (if necessary) be made to optimize the development, assembly and deployment processes of a monolithic Java project, as well as advice before designing new software to avoid the main obstacles of monolithic architecture in the future.

Modules are teaching materials designed to be studied by students independently or with minimal guidance from educators because they are equipped with their learning instructions. This study aims to determine the feasibility of teaching materials for reproductive system disorders submaterial modules from the inventory of medicinal plants that facilitate and relieve menstrual pain in Tumiang Village, Samalantan District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method was used research and development (R&D) Borg and Gall model, including potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and product revision. The validation of the teaching materials was done by five validators using validation sheets. The aspects assessed in the validation sheet consist of content, language, presentation, and graphics. The validation data were analyzed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). The results of the validation of the module’s instructional materials yielded a CVR value of 1.00 for each criterion with a valid category and a CVI value of 1.00 with a valid category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the module on reproductive system disorders from the results of the inventory of medicinal plants that facilitate and relieve menstrual pain is suitable for use as teaching material.

The sequencing of circles congruent with a (divided) column diameter – a visualization of the Vitruvian concept of a fixed module – is expanded by the inclusion, in the same scale, of geometric figures intrinsic to the ad triangulum method. The indication of continuous use of the proposed proportional system from Classical Antiquity to the 18th century points to the existence of a single canon for designing intercolumnar plane and fenestration.

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Struggling readers require effective instructional materials. This study investigated the usability of an offline reading intervention module for Grade 7 students and its association with reading performance. Key findings indicate that the module was particularly user-friendly in terms of content clarity and engagement. Notably, females outperformed males in both literal and critical reading skills. Unexpectedly, no significant association was found between module usability and reading performance, suggesting that additional factors beyond module design may influence reading outcomes. This study aimed to examine the pedagogical usability of English modules and its association with English performance in reading. The research involved 175 grade eight learners from Florentino Galang Sr. NHS. Multiple assessment tools were utilized, including surveys, student assessments, and statistical analysis techniques. The findings of the study revealed that the English modules had a high level of pedagogical usability across various dimensions, including Lesson Objectives, Strategies and Techniques, Learning Tasks/Activities and Evaluation and Assessment. This indicated that the English modules were well-designed and effective in supporting the teaching and learning process. Regarding English performance in reading, the study observed significant differences in sex in the literal and critical reading levels. Females outperformed males in both literal and critical reading, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support to address any gender-related disparities. However, no significant difference was found in the inferential reading level between male and female students. The study also examined the association between the usability of the English modules and English performance in reading. Interestingly, no significant association was found, suggesting that the pedagogical usability of the modules alone may not directly impact students' reading performance. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the pedagogical usability of English modules, gender-based differences in English performance in reading, and the association between module usability and reading performance. The findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions and adopting evidence-based instructional practices to improve English teaching and learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Students often struggle to understand trigonometry. In this context, problem-based learning emerges as an innovative approach that can enhance students' problem-solving abilities through contextual problem-solving. Therefore, the development of an independent curriculum teaching module based on PBL is necessary to improve the quality of learning. Aim: The aim of this research is to develop a valid independent curriculum teaching module based on problem-based learning for trigonometry topics. Method: This research employs the Plomp development model to create the trigonometry teaching module. The module was validated by five experts, consisting of three mathematics experts, one language expert, and one graphic design expert. Validation was conducted using a pre-tested validation sheet. The validation results were analyzed and averaged to determine their alignment with validity criteria. Result: Based on the validation results, it was found that the developed teaching module as a whole achieved an average score of 3.63, meeting the very valid criteria for each assessed aspect. Conclusion: The independent curriculum teaching module based on problem-based learning for trigonometry topics is valid for use in mathematics education. This research indicates that the module can enhance the quality of learning and students' mathematical problem-solving skills. Future studies are recommended to test the effectiveness of this module in a broader context and with students of varying ability levels.

Previous research has highlighted the challenges of improving students' mathematical skills, particularly in connecting mathematical concepts to everyday life and developing strong mathematical habits of mind. This research aims to integrate problem-based learning (PBL) into a mathematics module to enhance mathematical connection abilities and mathematical habits of mind. The ADDIE method was employed to achieve this goal, encompassing five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The findings indicate that media, material, and language experts deemed the module highly suitable. Furthermore, the product was rated as highly practical based on teacher assessments, student responses, and observations during implementation. Effectiveness tests of the product, conducted through MANOVA, t-tests, and N-gain tests, revealed that the module is highly effective in enhancing students' mathematical connection abilities and moderately effective in improving their mathematical habits of mind. These findings underscore the importance of integrating digital learning technologies to increase the module's engagement and accessibility.

A new analysis is presented of the retrograde tracer measurements of connections between anatomical areas of the marmoset cortex. The original normalisation of raw data yields the fractional link weight measure, FLNe. That is re-examined to consider other possible measures that reveal the underlying in link weights. Predictions arising from both are used to examine network modules and hubs. With inclusion of the in weights the InfoMap algorithm identifies eight structural modules in marmoset cortex. In and out hubs and major connector nodes are identified using module assignment and participation coefficients. Time evolving network tracing around the major hubs reveals medium sized clusters in pFC, temporal, auditory and visual areas; the most tightly coupled and significant of which is in the pFC. A complementary viewpoint is provided by examining the highest traffic links in the cortical network, and reveals parallel sensory flows to pFC and via association areas to frontal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modules are a generalization of the vector spaces of linear algebra over a ring instead of over a field of scalars. Some of the results in linear algebra are extremely useful in studying modules. In this paper, we highlight the use of Smith normal form in studying finitely generated modules over a univariate polynomial ring. As an application, we take advantage of Smith normal form to understand the structure of certain syzygy modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite photovoltaic cells (f‐PPCs) have demonstrated enormous potential in portable electronics due to the high power‐to‐weight ratio characteristic in outdoor and indoor ambient environment. However, the inherent mechanical endurance of f‐PPCs remains a major concern. Inspired by industrial strong adhesion coatings, herein, a porous nanoparticle layer is inserted into the buried interface of the perovskite layer to regulate the interfacial adhesion with a smooth hole transporting layer (HTL). As a result, the f‐PPCs realizes retaining over 80% of original efficiency after 2000 in‐plane bending cycles with the narrow radius of 4 mm. Furthermore, a certified record efficiency of 20.20% is achieved for flexible perovskite solar module, as well as the record efficiency of 31.69% for flexible perovskite indoor photovoltaic module (LED, 1000 lux). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a 3-hypergraph H, a subset M of V(H) is a module of H if for each e ∈ E (H) such that e ∩ M ≠ ∅ and e \ M ≠ ∅ , there exists m ∈ M such that e ∩ M = { m } and for every n ∈ M , we have (e \ { m }) ∪ { n } ∈ E (H) . For example, ∅ , V(H) and { v } , where v ∈ V (H) , are modules of H, called trivial. A 3-hypergraph is prime if all its modules are trivial. Furthermore, a prime 3-hypergraph is critical if all its induced subhypergraphs, obtained by removing one vertex, are not prime. Lastly, we associate with a prime 3-hypergraph its primality graph the edges of which are the unordered pairs of vertices whose removal provides a prime induced subhypergraph. We characterize the critical 3-hypergraphs together with their primality graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the body's homeostasis through interactions among the eleven organ systems is an essential foundation for pre-professional undergraduate students studying human anatomy and physiology. This knowledge enables students to understand the pathophysiology of various disease states that result from non homeostatic conditions. We created an organ systems-based applied learning module containing the signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can assist in increasing student engagement while making connections between normal conditions and disease states. The purpose of this module was to encourage students to use critical thinking skills and apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-world situations. Anatomy and Physiology II students at Gordon State College first learned about four major organ systems: endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary. Students completed each lesson and the corresponding assignment containing the basic functions of each organ system. Students then identified the organ systems' physiological contributions to the signs and symptoms of DKA, such as hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, ketonuria, hypokalemia, and osmotic diuresis. At the end of the semester, the students presented posters summarizing their overall understanding of the eleven organ systems' involvement with the signs and symptoms of DKA. This learning module with the DKA poster project offered an innovative way for students to apply their classroom learning to real-world situations relevant to their potential future careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the following constructions: extension of a trivial quandle by a group with a nontrivial abelian subgroup, a quandle over a noncommutative group by an arbitrary antiautomorphism, a quandle presenting from a generalized Alexander quandle with the replacement of the automorphism by a central antiautomorphism, and a quandle over an -dimensional module depending on parameters with in a commutative unital ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates that for a given infinite tournament T without a dense order, T is duo-free if and only if each finite subtournament of T is included in one of its duo-free finite subtournaments. Our study also provides a thorough description of duo-free infinite tournaments which fail to have this characteristic by removing an arbitrary vertex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lack of a Computational Thinking (CT) module, which teaches how to design a CT assessment instrument causes pre-service teachers to be unable to create one. This can cause students at school to not be able to measure their achievements related to CT. This study aimed to develop a CT module to support the ability of pre-service teachers to design CT assessment instruments. This research was a development study that refers to the 4-D model, but the dissemination stage was not carried out. The research subjects were 94 pre-service teachers, 70 female students and 24 male students majoring in Biology Education in semester 4 of the academic year 2021/2022. This research instrument used a validation sheet by material experts and linguists and the test item analysis sheet with 13 criteria made by the directorate of high school development in 2010. The data analysis technique used in this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis technique. The results showed that the conclusions from the validation of the modules developed from the material and presentation aspects were an average of 88.94. The language and readability aspects were an average of 80.56, and both were in the very good category. In contrast, the results of the item analysis on the material, construction and language/culture aspects had a score of 77.45%, 50.29% and 84.71%. The average percentage of ability in designing assessment instruments was 70.82%. This study concluded that the module that has been developed is suitable for use and can support the ability of pre-service teachers to design CT assessment instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to review the chemistry learning module that impacts students' literacy. The method used was document analysis and included articles between 2012 -2022. 20 articles, consisting of 17 journals and three proceedings, were analyzed. Eight articles were indexed by Scopus, and SINTA accredited 12. The main variables analyzed included module development methods, types of literacy skills, and the relationship between development methods and literacy skills. The results indicated nine methods: multi-representation-based modules, natural sciences, STEM, green chemistry, context-based learning, socio-scientific issues, cooperative learning, inquiry, and literacy-based. The types of literacy skills were grouped based on the competencies published by PISA, which included explaining phenomena (about 19 articles), designing investigations (about 18 articles), and evaluating contextual investigations (about 19 articles). The relationship between the development method and the type of literacy skills training shows a connection at each step. The modules developed have the impact of training and improving student literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let K be a field, Q = (Q0, Q1) be a quiver and KQ be the generalised path algebra [10]. This paper gives a characterisation for the right and left modules over the path algebras of finite acyclic quiver. The study shows that the modules over such path algebras could be written as the decomposition of KQ-submodules. For KQ-modules over path algebras of quiver with countably many vertices, a sequence of KQ-submodules is identified which in finite case is a composition series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kembara: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya is the property of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to formulate guidance and counseling modules to improve students’ responding activities when learning in class and to describe the level of applicability used by counselors. The method used was ADDIE model development. The properness test was done by three experts, and the practicality test was done by three counselors. The object of this research is students who have low criteria in terms of responding to learning. This research was conducted at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan. The instruments used were a questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed descriptively. Based on these results, in general, it was concluded that the module developed was appropriate and could be used to help the students improve their responding activity when learning in class.

This research aims to develop a discrete mathematics module based on discovery learning to improve students’ mathematical understanding in higher education. This research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a mixed approach and ADDIE model in the product development stage. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, tests and interview guides. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this research combines qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The results include (1) Reviewing the study of discrete mathematics module development; it obtained valid results after going through several assessments and revisions, and the practicality of developing this discrete mathematics module was categorized as practical; it is not surprising that the module can increase students’ mathematical understanding with a range of 37.97; (2) Judging from effectiveness; it is obtained from inferential statistics that significance is 0.00, which means there is an influence on the use of discovery learning-based discrete mathematics modules on students’ mathematical understanding. These results have implications that the module has proved effective in improving students’ mathematical understanding in higher education.

This study aims to develop and examine the validity of module development based on the research outcome on Phytoremediation. This phytoremediation material was one of the topics in the Biotechnology course studied by Biology Education students. The research method used research and development with the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. However, this research was conducted until the development stage. The data were the percentage of product validity from validation sheets and the responses obtained from validation results by material and media experts. Limited trials were subsequently conducted on students of Biology Education who had taken Biotechnology classes. The data analysis technique used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The validation results based on the material experts were 79.74% (very valid), while based on the learning experts, it was 97.50% (very valid). Then, the results of small group trials obtained a percentage of 90.70% (very valid). moduleModules development was very valid and feasible to be implemented. This module was expected to raise the students’ effectiveness in attending lectures because the source of teaching materials was more applicable.

Students still need help understanding biology subject matter, one of which is the concept of biological ecosystems, due to limited variations in learning media. Mind maps are considered to affect students' mentality and learning outcomes positively. This research aims to develop a mind map-based module to improve student learning outcomes in biology learning that is valid, practical and effective in ecosystem material. This research is research and development (R&D) that uses the 4D model. This research was conducted at SMA Dharma Utama Serdang Bedagai, Medan, for the 2022/2023 academic year. Data was collected using validation sheets, student questionnaires and test instruments. Next, the data is compiled using the N-gain formula. This product was declared valid by media validators (68%) and material (80%). The feasibility analysis results show that the product developed is very practical for students to use, with the N-gain results getting a score of 0.8 in the very high category. Based on this mind map module, student learning outcomes using the mind map module developed are valid, practical and effective in facilitating student learning outcomes using the mind map module with ecosystem material. Abstrak. Peserta didik masih mengalami kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran biologi, salah satunya pada konsep ekosistem biologi, karena keterbatasan variasi media belajar. Mind map dinilai berpengaruh positif terhadap mental dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul berbasis mind map untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran biologi yang valid, praktis dan efektif dalam materi ekosistem. penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang menggunakan model 4D. penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Dharma Utama Serdang Bedagai, Medan untuk tahun akademik 2022/2023. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar validasi, angket siswa dan instrument tes. Selanjutkan data dikumpulkan menggunakan rumus N-gain. Produk ini di nyatakan valid oleh validator media (68%) dam materi (80%). Hasil analisis kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan sangat praktis digunakan siswa dengan hasil N-gain mendapatkan nilai 0,8 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan modul mind map ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa menggunakan modul mind map yang dikembangkan valid, praktis dan efektif untuk memfasilitasi hasil belajar siswa menggunakan modul mind map dengan materi ekosistem.

Background: Effective communication between doctors and patients plays a pivotal role in achieving positive health outcomes and patient satisfaction. The integration of a standardized communication skills module into the medical undergraduate curriculum offers numerous advantages, such as improved treatment adherence, reduced malpractice claims, and notable advancements in both psychological and physical well-being across a range of health conditions. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to design, validate and implement skill-based competency module and to take feedback from medical undergraduate students. Material and Methods: An educational observational study was conducted by preparing the draft of the selected skill-based competencies of the community medicine subject named as community diagnosis module and validated with the help of subject experts and health education professionals by using Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: The CVI, based on assessments from ten field experts, yielded a score of 0.86, indicating good validity. Feedback analysis from medical students post-implementation revealed that transitioning from classroom teaching to community experiences was the most valued aspect of the program. Conclusion: The implementation of the community diagnosis module demonstrated positive outcomes based on feedback from 152 trained students and validation by ten faculty members. Student feedback indicated a favourable consensus on various aspects of the module, including its objectives, teaching methods, materials, assessments, and active participation in activities

Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as Danshen, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with significant cardiovascular benefits, attributed to its secondary metabolites, particularly tanshinones. Despite their medicinal value, tanshinones occur in low natural abundance, necessitating research to increase their content. This study explores the role of the ARF transcription factor (SmARF1) in tanshinone accumulation in Danshen. Overexpressing SmARF1 in hairy roots significantly increased tanshinone levels. EMSA and Dual-LUC assays revealed that SmMYB36, a transcription factor interacting with SmMAPK3, binds to and regulates the SmARF1 promoter. SmMYB36 alone inhibited the expression of SmARF1 gene, while its interaction with SmMAPK3 enhanced SmARF1 promoter activity. This MAPK3-MYB36-ARF1 module elucidates a complex regulatory mechanism for tanshinone biosynthesis, offering insights for targeted enhancement of tanshinone content through advanced biotechnological approaches.

While automated modules for F‐18 and C‐11 radiosyntheses are standardized with features such as multiple reactors, vacuum connection and semi‐preparative HPLC, labeling and processing of compounds with radiometals such as Zr‐89, Lu‐177 and Ac‐225 often do not require complex manipulations and are frequently performed manually by a radiochemist. These procedures typically involve transferring solutions to and from vials using pipettes followed by heating of the reaction mixture, and do not require all the features found in most commercial automated synthesis units marketed as F‐18 or C‐11 modules. Here we present an efficient automated method for performing radiosyntheses involving radiometals by adapting a commercially available robotic pipettor originally developed for high‐throughput processing of biological samples. While a robotic pipettor is less costly than a radiosynthesis module, it holds many similar advantages over manual radiosynthesis such as minimization of operator error, lower operator exposure rates, and abbreviated synthesis times, among others. To demonstrate the feasibility of using the OpenTrons OT‐2 robotic pipettor to perform automated radiosyntheses, we radiolabeled and formulated 177Lu‐PSMA‐617 and 225Ac‐PSMA‐617 on the system. The OT‐2 was then used to help streamline the quality control process for both products, further minimizing manual handling by and exposure to the radiochemist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools is significantly affected by the thermal deformation of the feed system. The ball screw feed system is extensively used as a transmission component in precise CNC machine tools, responsible for converting rotational motion into linear motion or converting torque into repetitive axial force. This study presents a multi-physical coupling analysis model for the ball screw feed system, considering internal thermal generation, intending to reduce the influence of screw-induced thermal deformation on machining accuracy. This model utilizes the Fourier thermal conduction law and the principle of energy conservation. By performing calculations, the thermal source and thermal transfer coefficient of the ball screw feed system are determined. Moreover, the thermal characteristics of the ball screw feed system are effectively analyzed through the utilization of finite element analysis. To validate the proposed analysis model for the ball screw feed system, a dedicated test platform is designed and constructed specifically to investigate the thermal characteristics of the ball screw feed system in CNC machine tools. By selecting specific CNC machine tools as the subjects of investigation, a comprehensive study is conducted on the thermal characteristics of the ball screw feed system. The analysis entails evaluating parameters like temperature field distribution, thermal deformation, thermal stress, and thermal equilibrium state of the ball screw feed system. By comparing the simulation results from the analysis model with the experimental test results, the study yields the following findings: The maximum absolute error between the simulated and experimental temperatures at each measuring point of the feed system components is 2.4°C, with a maximum relative error of 8.7%. The maximum absolute error between the simulated and experimental temperatures at the measuring point on the lead screw is 2.0°C, with a maximum relative error of 6.8%. The thermal characteristics obtained from the steady-state thermal analysis model of the feed system exhibit a prominent level of agreement with the experimental results. The research outcomes presented in this paper provide valuable insights for the development of ball screw feed systems and offer guidance for the thermal design of machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce in a braided setting the notion of left module for an invertible 1-cocycle and we prove some categorical equivalences between categories of modules associated to an invertible 1-cocycle and categories of modules associated to Hopf braces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking at the weakness of students in learning geometry, a study was conducted on using modules with augmented reality technology for primary school students. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of using such modules on students' conceptual and procedural knowledge in geometry, particularly for Year 4. A random sampling of students was conducted to determine the experimental group of students who studied using modules with augmented reality. In contrast, the control group studied with traditional module methods. Fifty-nine students were involved in this study, with 29 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The study results analyzed by ANCOVA showed that the conceptual and procedural scores of the experimental group students were significantly better than the control group students in the post-test and the delayed post-test. Using modules with augmented reality benefits students' conceptual and procedural knowledge in learning geometry. This study indirectly allows students to learn geometry concepts through an augmented reality technology approach with smart devices. Students also have the opportunity to learn through a student-centered approach and collaborative learning strategies while using augmented reality applications in learning. Simultaneously, using this technology is an innovation that also benefits teachers and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often contemporary buildings undergo several modifications during their life cycle, usually targeting the retrofitting of their inner or outer shell or the reinforcing of the structural system. A modular construction strategy often forms the solution for a quick and standardized production or modification of architectural spaces. The paper departs from the ambiguity by clarifying terms and strategies in modular construction to further discuss the typologies of modular architecture, the historical and theoretical context in which they have evolved and their design and construction process. Finally, it conducts a critical analysis and classification coupled with a study of structures that are formed by the synthesis of modules that have the same shape and size, to identify current trends and extract conclusions about the impact of modularity in architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]