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A finales de 1972 aparece una entidad política revolucionaria favorable a un cambio social drástico que considera que éste sólo se puede conseguirse tras la conquista del poder por las armas. La Junta de Coordinación Revolucionaria reúne cuatro grupos subversivos: el PRT-ERP argentino, el MIR chileno, el MLN-T uruguayo y más adelante el ELN boliviano. Desarrollan una actividad conjunta de análisis de la situación cono sureña y proceden al intercambio de experiencias y modalidades de lucha. Nacida en un espacio regional que presenta características socio económicas comunes, es sin embargo la única entidad política de la época que ha desarrollado una labor de transferencia de experiencias de luchas en un concepto internacionalista transfronterizo de amplia escala. Intentamos entender la naturaleza del intercambio, su construcción, sus modalidades, los elementos compartidos que permitieron la unidad, los obstáculos a su desarrollo, y finalmente, cómo la represión provocó su desaparición. En 1972, apparaît dans le Cône sud-américain un groupe révolutionnaire favorable à une transformation sociale radicale qui ne peut être obtenue que par la conquête du pouvoir par la voie des armes. La Junte de Coordination Révolutionnaire regroupe quatre organisations : le PRT-ERP argentin, le MIR chilien, le MLN-T uruguayen et plus tard l’ELN bolivien. Ils développent une activité conjointe d’analyse de la situation régionale et procèdent à l’échange d’expériences et de modalités de lutte. Apparu dans un espace qui présente des caractéristiques socio-économiques communes, c’est pourtant la seule entité politique qui à l’époque développe un travail de transfert d’expériences de luttes dans le cadre d’un esprit internationaliste. On tente ici de comprendre la nature des échanges, leur construction, les modalités et les éléments partagés qui permirent l’unité révolutionnaire, les obstacles à son développement et finalement comment la répression provoque sa disparition. In 1972 there appeared a revolutionary political entity favorable to drastic radical social change, which believed this could only be achieved after the conquest of power through force. The Junta de Coordinación Revolucionaria united four rebel groups: the Argentinian PRT-ERP, the Chilean MIR, the Uruguayan MLN-T and later on, the Bolivian ELN. In the Latin American Southern Cone, the JCR developed a joint analysis of the situation and exchanged experiences and forms of struggle.JCR emerged in an area that had socioeconomic characteristics in common, it was however the only political entity of the period which developed a transfer of know-how of political and even armed struggles in a genuine internationalist spirit. This article tries to understand the nature of the exchange, its construction, its modalities, shared elements that allowed the unity, but also the obstacles to its development, and finally, how state-military repression led to its demise.

This article reflects on the role of violence as a key strategy used by the Latin American left wing to access power since the victory of the Cuban Revolution (1959). It also looks at the spread of certain readings of this revolutionary process – political, social and of the actions themselves – that have great mobilising power and whose key element is violence. The case studies are Uruguay and El Salvador (from 1959 to 1996), which are of interest due to their differences within the revolutionary wave of Latin’s America’s “new left”, the challenging degree of their mobilisation,and their subsequent incorporation into the political system. For each, the justifications for resorting to violence are analysed, along with their interpretation and the repertoire of tactics used. It concludes with a reflection on the end of these experiences, the abandonment of violence and their achievements and limitations.