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This Article outlines some of the contemporary approaches of the framing theory and argues on the fact that media usually conveys the protests as violent. Within the protest framing context by different media, the Article investigates how one mainstream Romanian news website (hotnews.ro) framed - both in terms of text and images - four different protest occasions: the Egyptian protests that took place in Tahrir square in Cairo, the protests that took place in Taksim square in Istanbul, the Indignants movement that took place in different countries, and the Indignants movement that led to Occupy Wall Street movement. The challenging question of the present study is: what kind of representations is mostly raised by the mainstream Romanian news websites with regard to international protests? The goal of the study is to go beyond the surface and underline the mechanics of media coverage of contemporary protests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines some of the contemporary approaches of the digital activism and raises new question regarding digital activism and the use of social network sites for digital activism. When only 40% of the world population has access to the internet we dare to state that the promise of digital democracy and digital activism is still far from fulfilling. The foundation for an equal online participatory political system is just a myth. The goal of this study is to draw attention on different understandings of what extending participation through digital media means, and to provide a framework for further examination and evaluation of digital activism rhetoric and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The civic and political participation is considered to be central to the concept of democracy and it is particularly relevant in the context of contemporary democracies. The participation of citizens in civic or political activities has been a constitutive element of democracy since ancient times. Any dis-cussion of participation needs to acknowledge the space within which the citizens engage. This article will focus on the online engagement and online civic and political participation. The existing studies in literature focus on the analysis of the online election campaigns [Klotz 2005; Xenos, Foot 2005], on the study of the characteristics of the individuals who engage in on-line and off-line activities [Rice, Katz 2004; Weber 2003] or on the identification of the role of the media as a main information source for the voters [Ramie 2005]. This article aims to analyze the main features of the use of new media in political life and the relation between new media and civil society in Romania during 2004-2012. Also the article aims to provide and answer to the following questions: Which were the main characteristics of the usage of new media during the Romanian electoral campaigns 2004-2008/2009? How is the Internet used in the civic life during the non-electoral periods in Romania? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TV entertainment is the primary means of humor for the modern society, the cheapest, most versatile, most comfortable and most affordable. The show is interwoven in the fabric of everyday life, dominating leisure time, shaping people's political opinions and social behaviors. Lately both politicians and scholars complain about the political apathy as the political participation has declined in many democratic countries. The aim of this study is to analyze the relation between political entertainment and young citizens' political engagement. The relationship between entertainment and politics or entertainment and citizenship is a quite young subject among media scholars (van Zoonen, 2005; Dahlgren, 2009). The questions that guide this study are: does entertainment have an impact on democracy, does it provide a context that leads to political engagement or disengagement of the Romanian young citizens? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television privileges the events with the strongest impact on viewers' sensibility. Tabloid format uses a range of journalistic strategies that aim to deepen the impression of a real conflict. Television aims to give audiences the impression of authenticity. The sensational news in the tabloids is based on the selection of specific content, such as violent crimes and disasters such contents are accompanied by specially selected photos in order to shock the people. In fact we are dealing with pseudo-events and pseudo-conflicts. The purpose of this study is to analyze how spectacle and conflict converge in today's television news. We focused on the complex reconstructive and subjective nature of news reception, the different ways the audience constructs meaningful interpretations from the news, exposure to news and the construction of images of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television has become a scapegoat for all sorts of societal and cultural ills. Critics blame television for everything from obesity to the murder rate. While television is easy to criticize, and much of the criticism is justified, we also need to keep in mind that television benefits society in many important ways. This paper aims to find the answer to a few issues: What is the real nature of television, and what is its place into the contemporary society and culture? What is the impact of television on people and how can the effects of television be disentangled from all others? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is an issue extensively discussed in recent years, many researchers bringing out all the harmful effects this phenomenon can have - especially the danger of cultural uniformity. In a provocative rethinking of the medium and its ensuring effects this scientific approach argues that we have misunderstood television and have thus contributed to a distorted view of art and culture in the 20th century. This paper aims to find the answer to a few issues: Is culture a priority for television? What is the impact of the televisual globalization? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the real nature of television, and what is its place into the contemporary society and culture? Globalization is an issue extensively discussed in recent years, many researchers bringing out all the harmful effects this phenomenon can have - especially the danger of cultural uniformity. In a provocative rethinking of the medium and its ensuring effects this scientific approach argues that we have misunderstood television and have thus contributed to a distorted view of art and culture in the 20th century. Television has become a scapegoat for all sorts of societal and cultural ills. This paper aims to find the answer to a few issues: Is culture a priority for television? What is the impact of television and what are the possible consequences of the televisual globalization? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the economic and social assumptions, cultural and scientific developments which have led to the emergence and evolution of the press agencies and their role in the development of other media. The article also emphasizes the essential contribution of news agencies in the process of professionalization and modernization of journalism. It presents stages of development of the main news agencies, from the first agency created by Charles Havas in 1835, till the establishment of national agencies and the major news agencies today, which have become the leading providers of information for all the media and one of the greatest news communicators of our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We shall focus here on the complex reconstructive and subjective nature of news reception, the different ways the audience constructs meaningful interpretations from the news, exposure to news and the construction of images of reality. Schaap describes differences and similarities in television news interpretations, and relates them to differences and similarities in the audience. Porto analyzes the changes in TV Globo's model of journalism, seeking to contribute to the development of theoretical perspectives that can account for changes in television journalism practices in transitional societies. Fenton et al. remark that the news organizations have responded to the new climate by investing heavily in online platforms, capitalising on their market dominance and brand loyalty, and increasing their audience share online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the way the Romanian language is being used by the Romanian press. Analysing all programs on television, but also the written press (newspapers and magazines), this paper highlights: various forms of wrong writing and speech, coarse language, frequent errors of enunciation, unlettered expressions, spelling errors, incognizance of meanings of some words, pleonastic statements, verbal stereotypes, and other morphological and syntactical errors. The desire to accommodate all people's tastes determines the Romanian televisions to adopt a commercial "underground" language, a Romanian language increasingly distorted, an underworld language, full of stereotypes. Certainly, the paper has proposed not only to report such errors, but also to notice the danger in which the national language is, to show the concern and efforts that are necessary to protect and preserve the authenticity and beauty of the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]