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Industry 4.0 has become a global strategic initiative of scientific and technological development, which was launched by the most developed industrial countries in the world, and today has gone the furthest in its implementation. In essence, it is a new model of application of information and communication technology, based primarily on their integration with the object of application (for example in mining - production (BTO), transport, maintenance, etc.). The development and application of the elements of Industry 4.0 in this area leads to the establishment of the smart mining (SM) model, the elements of which will be presented in this paper. As an illustration of the application of this model in our conditions, and for the "Drmno" surface mine, this paper will present a model of planning and maintenance management of ERP (production-technological resource planning) and MES (work order management) model for Industry 4.0 , which uses a private cloud computing model.

Basics: Industry 4.0 is a realized reality, which already today has a growing application in medicine and dentistry. So, at this moment, its application is especially important in the fight against covid-19. Aim of the paper: The purpose of this review paper is to understand the role of Industry 4.0 in the field of medicine and dentistry and to identify research directions, including future applications, especially for covid-19. Material and method: A detailed analysis of papers on Industry 4.0 in medicine, dentistry and related fields was performed and possible applications and directions of research were identified, especially for covid-19.Result: Through this review study, we identified different technologies, opportunities and research status of Industry 4.0 in the field of medicine, dentistry and covid-19 pandemic, through 19 areas of application. We can say that Industry 4.0 will become an essential part of tomorrow's smart factory of medical and dental devices. Conclusion: Industry 4.0 shows a wide range of possibilities for the production of newly adapted implants (medical and dental) and innovative tools and instruments for the field of medicine and dentistry. This model enables the creation of a digital clinic and digital office, with a complete system of medical and dental monitoring, which meets the individual requirements of the patient, thus creating the industry of medicine and dentistry with optimization of treatment time and costs. In the future, Industry 4.0 will create new capabilities and innovative protocols for the treatment and care of patients, both in medicine and dentistry.

The research of the influence of housing material on operation temperature of the idler bearing assembly is presented in this paper. Several radial loads and rotary speeds were applied to the test bench to determine the transient temperature field. The results were monitored and recorded for the whole period until the temperature of the assembly reached stationary stage. The FEM model was created where the rolling elements were replaced with the especially designed artificial body, having the shape of irregular ring. It generates heat and connects only those points of the inner and outer ring which are in operating conditions connected with the rolling elements. The experimental results are compared with FEM results. The conclusion is given on suitability of polymer material for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of geometric parameters of teeth and lubricating oils to the efficiency of involute internal spur gears, when the transverse contact ratio is 2 < εα ≤ 3, has been analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model and computer program for determining the current and the effective value of the efficiency have been developed. The influence of the character of load distribution and energy losses due to heating effects during the meshing period is included in the factor of load distribution. The results of computer simulation are given in the form of a diagram of the current values of the efficiency during the meshing period. Also, the values of effective efficiency for the considered cylindrical gear pairs have been calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the factors that influence the heat generation within ball bearing. Various lubrication regimes are taken into consideration and a mathematical model for determination of the coefficient of heat generation is set up. Due to the complexity of mathematical tools, and in order to perform better and easier analysis of the considered phenomenon, the application that integrates the mathematical models of load distribution and heat generation was developed. The impact of the contact load and angular shaft speed on the level of heat generated in radial ball bearing was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important factors influencing ball bearings service life is its internal radial clearance. However, this parameter is also very complex because it depends on applied radial load and ball bearings dimensions, surface finish, and manufacturing materials. Thermal condition of ball bearings also significantly affects internal radial clearance. Despite many researches performed in order to find out relevant facts about different aspects of ball bearings thermal behaviour, only few of them are dealing with the real working conditions, where high concentration of solid contaminant particles is present. That is why the main goal of research presented in this paper was to establish statistically significant correlation between ball bearings temperatures, their working time, and concentration of contaminant particles in their grease. Because of especially difficult working conditions, the typical conveyor idlers bearings were selected as representative test samples and appropriate solid particles from open pit coal mines were used as artificial contaminants. Applied experimental methodology included thermographic inspection, as well as usage of custom designed test rig for ball bearings service life testing. Finally, by obtained experimental data processing in advanced software, statistically significant mathematical correlation between mentioned bearings characteristics was determined and applied in commonly used internal radial clearance equation. That is the most important contribution of performed research - the new equation and methodology for ball bearings internal clearance determination which could be used for eventual improvement of existing bearings service life equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of influence of operation temperature on the thermal expansion and main parameters of radial ball bearings is presented in this paper. The main bearing parameters are identified in accordance with the increasing requests concerning stability and load capacity. A series of finite element analyses is performed for quasi-static analysis of all identified bearing parameters during contact period in referent temperature. Then, the dependence of bearing material characteristics on the operation temperature is discussed. Few series of finite element analyses are performed for a particular radial ball bearing type, with characteristics in accordance with manufacturer specifications, for several operation temperatures. These two problems analyses include consideration of relation between the initial radial clearance, thermal expansion strains, and contact deformations of the parts of the bearing assembly. The results for radial ball bearing parameters are monitored during a ball contact period for different temperatures and the appropriate discussion and conclusions are given. The conclusions about the contribution of developed procedure in defining the optimum operation temperature range are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]