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Since gaining independence in 1990, Namibia has undertaken an economic transformation and experienced strong economic growth. Despite decades marked by progress, deep underlying challenges remain in Namibia, undermining the prospects for further advancement. Namibia has been in recession since 2016 and public finances have continued to deteriorate. The global COVID-19 crisis is expected to have a substantial adverse economic and social impact.

RESUMEN La investigación muestra la complejidad de la relación entre la inversión minera, los conflictos sociales y los niveles de bienestar o pobreza alcanzados en las distintas regiones del Perú en el período 2007-2017 desarrollando un análisis dimensional per cápita sobre los datos de inversión minera real y potencial enseries de tiempo para estimar el bienestar a través del diferencial de pobreza extractiva aplicado a cada región. La investigación demuestra que no existe una correlación significativa entre inversión minera, conflictos y pobreza regional e identifica un conjunto de regiones diferenciadas donde la minería activa la cadena de valor regional con consecuencias económicas y sociales de mediano y largo plazo que requieren ser estudiadas de manera segmentada. ABSTRACT This research shows the complexity of the relationship between mining investment, social conflicts and levels of poverty in the different regions of Peru in the period 2007-2017 developing a per capita dimensional analysis on real and potential mining investment data in time series to estimate the extractive poverty differential applied to each region. The analytical results shows that there is no significant correlation between mining investment, conflicts and regional poverty and identifies a set of differentiated regions where mining activates the regional value chain with medium and long-term economic and social consequences that need to be studied in a segmented.

El presente estudio busca medir el impacto de la implementación del Canal de Atención a Clientes Mineros del Grupo de Promoción de la Agencia Nacional de Minería (ANM) sobre la inversión en el sector minero colombiano. Teniendo en cuenta que el uso del canal es voluntario y libre, se optó por aplicar la metodología de emparejamiento PSM, con el fin de corregir el posible sesgo de autoselección causado por la diferencia de las empresas participantes y no participantes. Se encuentra que el canal de atención tiene impacto sobre las inversiones en el sector minero colombiano, toda vez que las empresas con presencia en el país que lo usan invierten en promedio $1.3 millones de pesos más que aquellas empresas que no se benefician de estos canales de atención. Como parte de las recomendaciones derivadas de este ejercicio, se considera que, si la ANM está interesada en determinar la eficacia de otras estrategias de promoción, se debe contar con el listado de las empresas beneficiadas por otro tipo de intervenciones. This document seeks to measure the impact on Colombian mining investment of the Customer Service Channel for Miners created and operated by the Promotion Group of the Nacional Mining Agency (ANM). Because the use of this channel is voluntary and has free access to any miner or investor who wish to know about the sector, it was necessary to use the propensity score matching approach to mitigate the possible self-selection bias caused by the differences between participants and non-participants mining companies. It was found that the Customer Service Channel for Miners had an impact on the level of investment in the mining sector, since the participant companies invested in average $1.3 million pesos more than those who didn’t use it. As part of the recommendations derived from this exercise, if the ANM wish to determine the efficacy of other promotion strategies, it is important to gather information at firm level of those interventions. Magíster en Economía Maestría

The contribution of mining used to be seen essentially through taxes and royalties; it tends to be viewed now in a more integrated manner. This report, the result of a 2-year research project, attempts to improve that information and to structure the debate around the long term economic impact of industrial mining. The objectives of this research were to assess the fiscal and non-fiscal contribution of mining to Madagascar economy, and by so doing to reinforce the capacities of main stakeholders to prepare for the related challenges and opportunities. Its scope was deliberately focused on large-scale mining, excluding i) mining exploration; ii) artisanal and small-scale mining; and iii) quarrying. This explains why the reader may notice important differences between historical data and information published by EITI in Madagascar, which also includes petroleum exploration activities. The research focused on economic spillovers as a first step. Admittedly, additional research on the environmental and social impacts of industrial mining over time should complement this work to provide for a more complete picture of the contribution of the sector towards sustainable development.

Resource construction employment grew rapidly during the investment phase of the resources boom. However, both investment and employment in the resources sector peaked in 2013 and are expected to decline over coming years. A range of sources suggest that the earlier increase in resource construction employment largely drew on workers with experience in other types of construction, and that demand for their skills from other sectors is expected to be relatively strong in coming years. As a consequence, resource construction workers are generally expected to be able to find employment outside of the resources sector.

Investment by the Australian resources sector has risen steadily since the early 2000s to be at record levels. Most of the investment has been made by publicly listed companies, with contributions split evenly between Australian and foreign listed companies. The funding for this investment has overwhelmingly come from the profits generated by these companies. External funding sources, such as new debt and equity issuance, have played only a limited role.

Although the relationship between natural resources and civil war has received much attention, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Controversies and contradictions in the stylized facts persist because resource extraction is treated as exogenous while in reality fighting affects extraction. We study endogenous fighting, armament, and extraction method, speed and investment. Rapacious resource exploitation has economic costs, but can nevertheless be preferred to balanced depletion due to lowered incentives for future rebel attacks. With private exploitation, rebels fight more than the government if they can renege on the contract with the mining company, and hence government turnover is larger in this case. Incentive-compatible license fees paid by private companies and mining investment are lower in unstable countries, and increase with the quality of the government army and office rents. This implies that privatised resource exploitation is more attractive for governments who have incentives to fight hard, i.e., in the presence of large office rents and a strong army. With endogenous weapon investments, the government invests more under balanced than under rapacious or private extraction. If the government can commit before mining licenses are auctioned, it will invest more in weapons under private extraction than under balanced and rapacious nationalized extraction.

Business investment is a key driver of economic growth and is currently around record highs in Australia as a share of GDP. In compiling forecasts for business investment, the Reserve Bank uses a variety of different indicators, including information from liaison as well as survey measures of firms’ investment intentions. The most comprehensive survey is the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS) quarterly survey of Private New Capital Expenditure and Expected Expenditure (Capex survey). While firms’ expectations of capital expenditure from the Capex survey are a useful guide for forecasting business investment, the relatively large forecast errors suggest that the Capex expectations data should be used in conjunction with other sources of information

This report is intended to provide guidance on best practices in mining licensing, based on examples from low, middle and high income countries in Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. It is not a 'how-to guide' or a licensing implementation toolkit, but rather identifies certain common features of successful mining licensing regimes worldwide that other national or sub-national jurisdictions might usefully incorporate in new mining laws and regulations or revisions or existing ones. The case studies and other examples of good and bad practice are intended to provide a cross-section by geography and by income level, and they demonstrate that the prevalence of good and bad practices is not simply a function of income level. Tanzania, one of the poorest countries in the world, has in many respects a better licensing regime than either South Africa or the U.S. State of Wisconsin. In considering these complex issues, it has proven difficult to confine the discussion purely to questions of licensing. Discussion of licensing invariably invokes reference to overall policy and investment climate issues, environmental protection, labor law, taxation, national and sub-national jurisdiction, land tenure, and much more. This report makes no attempt to address all of these in detail but refers to them in reference to their interactions with and effect on, licensing itself. Far more detailed research on mineral policy, taxation, investment climate, and other issues has been carried out, some of it referred to in this report and cited in the footnotes and bibliography.

The demographics and the growing numbers of people provide a strong signal that the demand for electrical power in Southern Africa will grow considerably over the foreseeable future. Without a steady and increasing supply of electricity development of the continent is likely to be constrained. The inventory of solar, wind, hydrothermal, geothermal and biomass resources will probably provide sources of energy for the future The parallels between extraction of natural resources in the minerals industry and the green energy industry is striking, and the well-established project development process in the minerals industry provides an ideal and useful template for comparing the establishment and development of green energy projects. The potential levels of power generation and carbon savings are described.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2007, Bu tez çalışmasında, teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte özellikle ulaştırma, inşaat ve ambalaj sektörlerinde kullanımı her geçen gün artan ve 21. yüzyılın vazgeçilmez metali haline gelen Alüminyum metalinin elde edildiği boksit madenciliği yatırımlarının risk analizi yapılmıştır. Uygulama sahası olarak ta, ülkemiz en büyük boksit rezervlerinin bulunduğu Seydişehir bölgesi seçilmiş olup, halen bölgede devam eden yatırımlardan biri olan Doğankuzu boksit madeni sahası ele alınmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ve hesaplamalar sonucunda; Al2O3 tenörü %57,98 olan 3.755.000 ton rezerve sahip Doğankuzu boksit madeninin açık işletme yöntemiyle işletileceği ve işletme süresinin 19 yıl olacağı anlaşılmıştır. Tüm maliyetler göz önüne alınarak iki ayrı durum için iki farklı nakit akış tablosu düzenlenmiştir. Birinci durumda, toplam yatırım tutarının %100 özsermaye ile karşılanacağı, böylece yatırımın net bugünkü değerinin (NBD) %15 indirgeme oranı ile 31.102.530 $, iç karlılık oranının (İKO) %24,90 ve geri ödeme süresinin (GÖS) ise 7,17 yıl olacağı hesaplanmıştır. İkinci durumda ise toplam yatırım tutarının %50 özsermaye + %50 banka kredisi ile karşılanacağı öngörülmüştür bu durumunda ise yatırımın net bugünkü değerinin yine aynı indirgeme oranı ile 18.907.839 $, iç karlılık oranının %21,15 ve geri ödeme süresinin ise 9,50 yıl olacağı anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan risk analizlerinde ise, simülasyonlar sonucunda; NBD’lerin pozitif olma (0’dan büyük) ve 30 milyon $’dan büyük olma olasılıklarının birinci durumda sırasıyla 0,716 ve 0,422, ikinci durumda ise yine sırasıyla 0,630 ve 0,376 olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Benzer şekilde İKO’ların %15’den büyük olma olasılığı birinci durum için 0,81 ve ikinci durum için 0,69, GÖS’lerin ise 10 yıldan küçük olma olasılıkları birinci ve ikinci durum için sırasıyla 0,890 ve 0,838 olarak bulunmuştur., In this thesis, the risk analysis of a bauxite deposit is carried out which Aluminum metal is produced and used heavily in transportation and construction industry in the 21st century. As an example study Dogankuzu bauxite deposit, located in Seydisehir area evaluated, which is the one of biggest bauxite reserve in Turkey is economically. After the evaluation, it is found that Dogankuzu bauxite reserve contains 3.755.000 tonnes of %57.98 Al2O3 and the ore body can be mined in 19 years. For 2 different cases, 2 different cash flow schemes prepared. In the first one, 100% of total investment is financed from company’s own resources and in the second, %50 will be from the internally generated funds and the rest will be depth financed. In the first case, NPV is $ 31.102.530 (at %15 discount rate), IRR is %24.90 and a PP is 7.17 years. As the investment is supported by the bank credit, the NPV calculated as $ 18.907.839, IRR as %21.15 and a payback period as 9.50 years. In the risk analysis, by using Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of NVP to be positive is 0,716 and exceeding 30 million $ is found as 0.422 for the first case, and 0,630 and 0,376 respectively for the second case. Similarly, the probability of IRR are to be higher than %15 are 0.81 and 0.69 for the first and second cases. Another evaluation showed that the probabilities for the PP to be less than 10 years are 0.890 and 0.838., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.