9,204 results on '"MILLER, ANDREW"'
Search Results
2. Using a high-fidelity numerical model to infer the shape of a few-hole Ge quantum dot
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Brickson, Mitchell, Jacobson, N. Tobias, Miller, Andrew J., Maurer, Leon N., Lu, Tzu-Ming, Luhman, Dwight R., and Baczewski, Andrew D.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The magnetic properties of hole quantum dots in Ge are sensitive to their shape due to the interplay between strong spin-orbit coupling and confinement. We show that the split-off band, surrounding SiGe layers, and hole-hole interactions have a strong influence on calculations of the effective $g$ factor of a lithographic quantum dot in a Ge/SiGe heterostructure. Comparing predictions from a model including these effects to raw magnetospectroscopy data, we apply maximum-likelihood estimation to infer the shape of a quantum dot with up to four holes. We expect that methods like this will be useful in assessing qubit-to-qubit variability critical to further scaling quantum computing technologies based on spins in semiconductors., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures
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- 2024
3. PROF: Protected Order Flow in a Profit-Seeking World
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Babel, Kushal, Jean-Louis, Nerla, Ji, Yan, Misra, Ujval, Kelkar, Mahimna, Mudiyanselage, Kosala Yapa, Miller, Andrew, and Juels, Ari
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
Users of decentralized finance (DeFi) applications face significant risks from adversarial actions that manipulate the order of transactions to extract value from users. Such actions -- an adversarial form of what is called maximal-extractable value (MEV) -- impact both individual outcomes and the stability of the DeFi ecosystem. MEV exploitation, moreover, is being institutionalized through an architectural paradigm known Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS). This work introduces a system called PROF (PRotected Order Flow) that is designed to limit harmful forms of MEV in existing PBS systems. PROF aims at this goal using two ideas. First, PROF imposes an ordering on a set ("bundle") of privately input transactions and enforces that ordering all the way through to block production -- preventing transaction-order manipulation. Second, PROF creates bundles whose inclusion is profitable to block producers, thereby ensuring that bundles see timely inclusion in blocks. PROF is backward-compatible, meaning that it works with existing and future PBS designs. PROF is also compatible with any desired algorithm for ordering transactions within a PROF bundle (e.g., first-come, first-serve, fee-based, etc.). It executes efficiently, i.e., with low latency, and requires no additional trust assumptions among PBS entities. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze incentive structure of PROF, and its utility to users compared with existing solutions. We also report on inclusion likelihood of PROF transactions, and concrete latency numbers through our end-to-end implementation., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures
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- 2024
4. Method to search for inspiraling planetary-mass ultra-compact binaries using the generalized frequency-Hough transform in LIGO O3a data
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Miller, Andrew L., Aggarwal, Nancy, Clesse, Sebastien, De Lillo, Federico, Sachdev, Surabhi, Astone, Pia, Palomba, Cristiano, Piccinni, Ornella J., and Pierini, Lorenzo
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Gravitational waves from sub-solar mass primordial black holes could be detected in LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA data. Here, we apply a method originally designed to look for rapidly spinning-down neutron stars, the generalized frequency-Hough transform, to search for planetary-mass primordial black holes using data from the first half of the third observing run of advanced LIGO. In this companion paper to arXiv:2402.19468, in which the main results of our search are presented, we delve into the details of the search methodology, the choices we have made regarding the parameter space to explore, the follow-up procedure we use to confirm or reject possible candidates returned in our search, and a comparison of our analytic procedure of generating upper limits to those obtained through injections., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures -- comments welcome! A portion of this article draws from the appendix of arXiv:2402.19468v1, which is not present in the latest version (v2)
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- 2024
5. Gravitational waves from sub-solar mass primordial black holes
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Miller, Andrew L.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Gravitational waves from inspiraling sub-solar mass compact objects would provide almost definitive evidence for the existence of primordial black holes. In this chapter, we explain why these exotic objects are interesting candidates for current and future gravitational-wave observatories, and provide detailed explanations of how they are searched for. We describe one method, matched filtering, to search for binaries with masses between $[0.01,1]M_\odot$. Furthermore, since signals from inspiraling planetary- and asteroid-mass mass compact binaries ($[10^{-9},10^{-2}]M_\odot$) would spend hours to years in the detector frequency band, we explain the novel pattern recognition techniques that have been developed to search for them. Finally, we describe extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) systems, and how these will be searched for in future space-based detectors. For all mass regimes, we comment on the prospects for detection., Comment: to appear [with updates] in the book "Primordial Black Holes", ed. Chris Byrnes, Gabriele Franciolini, Tomohiro Harada, Paolo Pani, Misao Sasaki; Springer (2024); 23 pages + references, 11 figures, intended to be a pedagogical review of the field. Questions and comments are welcome!
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- 2024
6. The Avuncular Master: The Figure of Merlin and Modern Notions of Meritocratic Education
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Miller, Andrew David
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- 2019
7. Spenser's Shameful Shepheardes Calender
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Miller, Andrew
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- 2019
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8. Continuous Gravitational Waves: A New Window to Look for Heavy Non-annihilating Dark Matter
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Bhattacharya, Sulagna, Miller, Andrew L., and Ray, Anupam
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Sun-like stars can transmute into comparable mass black holes by steadily accumulating heavy non-annihilating dark matter particles over the course of their lives. If such stars form in binary systems, they could give rise to quasi-monochromatic, persistent gravitational waves, commonly known as continuous gravitational waves, as they inspiral toward one another. We demonstrate that next-generation space-based detectors, e.g., Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Big Bang Observer (BBO), can provide novel constraints on dark matter parameters (dark matter mass and its interaction cross-section with the nucleons) by probing gravitational waves from transmuted Sun-like stars that are in close binaries. Our projected constraints depend on several astrophysical uncertainties, nevertheless, are competitive with the existing constraints obtained from cosmological measurements as well as terrestrial direct searches, demonstrating a notable science-case for these space-based gravitational wave detectors as probes of particle dark matter., Comment: v2: 12 pages, 4 figures. Minor clarifications added, conclusion unchanged. Matches version published in PRD
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- 2024
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9. Gravitational wave constraints on planetary-mass primordial black holes using LIGO O3a data
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Miller, Andrew L., Aggarwal, Nancy, Clesse, Sébastien, De Lillo, Federico, Sachdev, Surabhi, Astone, Pia, Palomba, Cristiano, Piccinni, Ornella J., and Pierini, Lorenzo
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Gravitational waves from sub-solar mass inspiraling compact objects would provide almost smoking-gun evidence for primordial black holes (PBHs). We perform the first search for inspiraling planetary-mass compact objects in equal-mass and highly asymmetric mass-ratio binaries using data from the first half of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA third observing run. Though we do not find any significant candidates, we determine the maximum luminosity distance reachable with our search to be of $O(0.1-100)$ kpc, and corresponding model-independent upper limits on the merger rate densities to be $O(10^{3}-10^{-7})$ kpc$^{-3}$yr$^{-1}$ for systems with chirp masses of $O(10^{-4}-10^{-2})M_\odot$, respectively. Furthermore, we interpret these rate densities as arising from PBH binaries and constrain the fraction of dark matter that such objects could comprise. For equal-mass PBH binaries, we find that these objects would compose less than 4-100% of DM for PBH masses of $10^{-2}M_\odot$ to $2\times 10^{-3}M_\odot$, respectively. For asymmetric binaries, assuming one black hole mass corresponds to a peak in the mass function at 2.5$M_\odot$, a PBH dark-matter fraction of 10% and a second, much lighter PBH, we constrain the mass function of the second PBH to be less than 1 for masses between $1.5\times 10^{-5}M_\odot$ and $2\times 10^{-4}M_\odot$. Our constraints, released on Zenodo, are robust enough to be applied to any PBH or exotic compact object binary formation models, and complement existence microlensing results. More details about our search can be found in our companion paper., Comment: 6 pages, accepted in PRL. Comments are welcome! Upper limit data on Zenodo: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10724845. Companion paper: arXiv:2407.17052. The appendix in v1 has been moved to our companion paper, which contains a lot more details about our method
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- 2024
10. A Causal Framework to Evaluate Racial Bias in Law Enforcement Systems
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Han, Jessy Xinyi, Miller, Andrew, Watkins, S. Craig, Winship, Christopher, Christia, Fotini, and Shah, Devavrat
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Statistics - Applications ,Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
We are interested in developing a data-driven method to evaluate race-induced biases in law enforcement systems. While the recent works have addressed this question in the context of police-civilian interactions using police stop data, they have two key limitations. First, bias can only be properly quantified if true criminality is accounted for in addition to race, but it is absent in prior works. Second, law enforcement systems are multi-stage and hence it is important to isolate the true source of bias within the "causal chain of interactions" rather than simply focusing on the end outcome; this can help guide reforms. In this work, we address these challenges by presenting a multi-stage causal framework incorporating criminality. We provide a theoretical characterization and an associated data-driven method to evaluate (a) the presence of any form of racial bias, and (b) if so, the primary source of such a bias in terms of race and criminality. Our framework identifies three canonical scenarios with distinct characteristics: in settings like (1) airport security, the primary source of observed bias against a race is likely to be bias in law enforcement against innocents of that race; (2) AI-empowered policing, the primary source of observed bias against a race is likely to be bias in law enforcement against criminals of that race; and (3) police-civilian interaction, the primary source of observed bias against a race could be bias in law enforcement against that race or bias from the general public in reporting against the other race. Through an extensive empirical study using police-civilian interaction data and 911 call data, we find an instance of such a counter-intuitive phenomenon: in New Orleans, the observed bias is against the majority race and the likely reason for it is the over-reporting (via 911 calls) of incidents involving the minority race by the general public.
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- 2024
11. A Shared Cancer Follow-Up Model of Care Between General Practitioners and Radiation Oncologists for Patients With Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Implementation Study
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Sandell, Tiffany, Schütze, Heike, and Miller, Andrew
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Medicine ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
BackgroundThe rising incidence of cancer and increasing numbers of cancer survivors have resulted in the need to find alternative models of care for cancer follow-up care. The acceptability for follow-up care in general practice is growing, and acceptance increases with shared-care models where oncologists continue to oversee the care. However, a major barrier to this model is the effective exchange of information in real time between oncologists and general practitioners. Improved communication technology plays an important role in the acceptability and feasibility of shared cancer follow-up care. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a shared cancer follow-up model of care between patients, general practitioners and radiation oncologists. MethodsThis is a mixed methods, multisite implementation study exploring shared follow-up care for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients treated with curative radiotherapy in New South Wales, Australia. This study uses web-based technology to support general practitioners in performing some aspects of routine radiotherapy follow-up care, while being overseen by a radiation oncologist in real time. The study has two phases: Phase 1 is designed to establish the level of agreement between general practitioners and radiation oncologists and Phase 2 is designed to implement shared follow-up care into practice and to evaluate this implementation. ResultsRecruitment of radiation oncologists, patients, and general practitioners commenced in December 2020 and will continue until February 2021. Data collection will occur during 2021, and data will be ready for analysis by the end of 2021. ConclusionsFew studies have investigated the role of health technologies in supporting communication deficiencies for shared cancer follow-up care. The implementation and evaluation of models of care need to be conducted using a person-centered approach that is responsive to patients’ preferences and needs. Should the findings of the study be acceptable and feasible to radiation oncologists, general practitioners, and patients, it can be quickly implemented and expanded to other tumor groups or to medical oncology and hematology. Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620001083987; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380057 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/21752
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- 2021
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12. Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis
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Younesi, Fereshteh Sadat, Miller, Andrew E., Barker, Thomas H., Rossi, Fabio M. V., and Hinz, Boris
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- 2024
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13. Web-Based Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Personalized Treatment and Care (PROMPT-Care): Multicenter Pragmatic Nonrandomized Trial
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Girgis, Afaf, Durcinoska, Ivana, Arnold, Anthony, Descallar, Joseph, Kaadan, Nasreen, Koh, Eng-Siew, Miller, Andrew, Ng, Weng, Carolan, Martin, Della-Fiorentina, Stephen A, Avery, Sandra, and Delaney, Geoff P
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundDespite the acceptability and efficacy of e–patient-reported outcome (ePRO) systems, implementation in routine clinical care remains challenging. ObjectiveThis pragmatic trial implemented the PROMPT-Care (Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Personalized Treatment and Care) web-based system into existing clinical workflows and evaluated its effectiveness among a diverse population of patients with cancer. MethodsAdult patients with solid tumors receiving active treatment or follow-up care in four cancer centers were enrolled. The PROMPT-Care intervention supported patient management through (1) monthly off-site electronic PRO physical symptom and psychosocial well-being assessments, (2) automated electronic clinical alerts notifying the care team of unresolved clinical issues following two consecutive assessments, and (3) tailored online patient self-management resources. Propensity score matching was used to match controls with intervention patients in a 4:1 ratio for patient age, sex, and treatment status. The primary outcome was a reduction in emergency department presentations. Secondary outcomes were time spent on chemotherapy and the number of allied health service referrals. ResultsFrom April 2016 to October 2018, 328 patients from four public hospitals received the intervention. Matched controls (n=1312) comprised the general population of patients with cancer, seen at the participating hospitals during the study period. Emergency department visits were significantly reduced by 33% (P=.02) among patients receiving the intervention compared with patients in the matched controls. No significant associations were found in allied health referrals or time to end of chemotherapy. At baseline, the most common patient reported outcomes (above-threshold) were fatigue (39%), tiredness (38.4%), worry (32.9%), general wellbeing (32.9%), and sleep (24.1%), aligning with the most frequently accessed self-management domain pages of physical well-being (36%) and emotional well-being (23%). The majority of clinical feedback reports were reviewed by nursing staff (729/893, 82%), largely in response to the automated clinical alerts (n=877). ConclusionsAlgorithm-supported web-based systems utilizing patient reported outcomes in clinical practice reduced emergency department presentations among a diverse population of patients with cancer. This study also highlighted the importance of (1) automated triggers for reviewing above-threshold results in patient reports, rather than passive manual review of patient records; (2) the instrumental role nurses play in managing alerts; and (3) providing patients with resources to support guided self-management, where appropriate. Together, these factors will inform the integration of web-based PRO systems into future models of routine cancer care. Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000615482; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370633 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s12885-018-4729-3
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- 2020
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14. Response: Responsibility to the Present
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Miller, Andrew H.
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- 2017
15. Defining the Time-limited Trial for Patients with Critical Illness: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.
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Rubin, Eileen, Schenker, Yael, Sullivan, Donald, Thornton, J, Viglianti, Elizabeth, Costa, Deena, Creutzfeldt, Claire, Detsky, Michael, Engel, Heidi, Grover, Neera, Hope, Aluko, Katz, Jason, Kohn, Rachel, Miller, Andrew, Nabozny, Michael, Nelson, Judith, Shanawani, Hasan, Stevens, Jennifer, Turnbull, Alison, Weiss, Curtis, Wirpsa, M, Cox, Christopher, Kruser, Jacqueline, Ashana, Deepshikha, Courtright, Katherine, Kross, Erin, and Neville, Thanh
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critical care ,life-sustaining therapy ,palliative care ,shared decision making ,Humans ,United States ,Decision Making ,Critical Illness ,Critical Care ,Consensus ,Patients - Abstract
In critical care, the specific, structured approach to patient care known as a time-limited trial has been promoted in the literature to help patients, surrogate decision makers, and clinicians navigate consequential decisions about life-sustaining therapy in the face of uncertainty. Despite promotion of the time-limited trial approach, a lack of consensus about its definition and essential elements prevents optimal clinical use and rigorous evaluation of its impact. The objectives of this American Thoracic Society Workshop Committee were to establish a consensus definition of a time-limited trial in critical care, identify the essential elements for conducting a time-limited trial, and prioritize directions for future work. We achieved these objectives through a structured search of the literature, a modified Delphi process with 100 interdisciplinary and interprofessional stakeholders, and iterative committee discussions. We conclude that a time-limited trial for patients with critical illness is a collaborative plan among clinicians and a patient and/or their surrogate decision makers to use life-sustaining therapy for a defined duration, after which the patients response to therapy informs the decision to continue care directed toward recovery, transition to care focused exclusively on comfort, or extend the trials duration. The plans 16 essential elements follow four sequential phases: consider, plan, support, and reassess. We acknowledge considerable gaps in evidence about the impact of time-limited trials and highlight a concern that if inadequately implemented, time-limited trials may perpetuate unintended harm. Future work is needed to better implement this defined, specific approach to care in practice through a person-centered equity lens and to evaluate its impact on patients, surrogates, and clinicians.
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- 2024
16. Clinicopathological and pedigree investigation of a novel spinocerebellar neurological disease in juvenile Quarter Horses in North America.
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Willis, Andrew, Dahlgren, Anna, Ghosh, Sharmila, Donnelly, Callum, de la Concha-Bermejillo, Andres, Pacheco, Ana, Watson, Katherine, Wensley, Fiona, Humphreys, Sarah, Whitehead, Ashley, Goldsmith, Dayna, Chesen, Berkley, Ragsdale, John, Tompkins, James, Nash, Ron, Plunkett, Amanda, Qualls, Heath, Rodriguez, Katarina, Hochanadel, Damaris, Miller, Andrew, Aleman Rivera, Martha Monica, Finno, Carrie, Woolard, Kevin, and Berryhill, Emily
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ataxia ,inherited ,neurodegeneration ,spinal cord ,Animals ,Horses ,Horse Diseases ,Pedigree ,Male ,Female ,North America ,Spinocerebellar Ataxias ,Nervous System Diseases - Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2020, a novel neurologic disease was observed in juvenile Quarter Horses (QHs) in North America. It was unknown if this was an aberrant manifestation of another previously described neurological disorder in foals, such as equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical findings, outcomes, and postmortem changes with Equine Juvenile Spinocerebellar Ataxia (EJSCA), differentiate the disease from other similar neurological disorders, and determine a mode of inheritance. ANIMALS: Twelve neurologically affected QH foals and the dams. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated and pedigrees were manually constructed. RESULTS: All foals (n = 12/12) had a history of acute onset of neurological deficits with no history of trauma. Neurological deficits were characterized by asymmetrical spinal ataxia, with pelvic limbs more severely affected than thoracic limbs. Clinicopathological abnormalities included high serum activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase and hyperglycemia. All foals became recumbent (median, 3 days: [0-18 days]), which necessitated humane euthanasia (n = 11/12, 92%; the remaining case was found dead). Histological evaluation at postmortem revealed dilated myelin sheaths and digestion chambers within the spinal cord, most prominently in the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts. Pedigree analysis revealed a likely autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: EJSCA is a uniformly fatal, rapidly progressive, likely autosomal recessive neurological disease of QHs
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- 2024
17. Association of the FGF4L2 retrogene with fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs.
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Embersics, Colleen, Batcher, Kevin, Boudreau, Elizabeth, Church, Molly, Miller, Andrew, Platt, Simon, Koehler, Jey, Olby, Natasha, Rossmeisl, John, Rissi, Daniel, Grahn, Robert, Donner, Jonas, Bannasch, Danika, and Dickinson, Peter
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FCE ,canine ,chondrodystrophy ,fibroblast growth factor ,Animals ,Dogs ,Cartilage Diseases ,Dog Diseases ,Embolism ,Genotype ,Spinal Cord Diseases - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCE) is a well-documented condition in dogs although rarely reported in chondrodystrophic breeds. Genetic associations have not been defined. OBJECTIVES: Define the association of the chondrodystrophy-associated FGF4L2 retrogene with histopathologically confirmed cases of FCE. ANIMALS: Ninety-eight dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of FCE. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study. Dogs were genotyped for the FGF4L2 and FGF4L1 retrogenes using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Associations between breed, FCE and retrogene status were investigated with reference to a hospital population and known breed and general population allele frequencies. RESULTS: FGF4L2 genotype was defined in 89 FCE cases. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was present in 22 dogs from FGF4L2-segregating breeds with allele frequencies of ≥5%; however, all dogs were wild type. Two Labrador retrievers with FCE carried FGF4L2 alleles. Frequency of the FGF4L2 allele was significantly (P
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- 2024
18. Large-scale Training of Foundation Models for Wearable Biosignals
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Abbaspourazad, Salar, Elachqar, Oussama, Miller, Andrew C., Emrani, Saba, Nallasamy, Udhyakumar, and Shapiro, Ian
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
Tracking biosignals is crucial for monitoring wellness and preempting the development of severe medical conditions. Today, wearable devices can conveniently record various biosignals, creating the opportunity to monitor health status without disruption to one's daily routine. Despite widespread use of wearable devices and existing digital biomarkers, the absence of curated data with annotated medical labels hinders the development of new biomarkers to measure common health conditions. In fact, medical datasets are usually small in comparison to other domains, which is an obstacle for developing neural network models for biosignals. To address this challenge, we have employed self-supervised learning using the unlabeled sensor data collected under informed consent from the large longitudinal Apple Heart and Movement Study (AHMS) to train foundation models for two common biosignals: photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded on Apple Watch. We curated PPG and ECG datasets from AHMS that include data from ~141K participants spanning ~3 years. Our self-supervised learning framework includes participant level positive pair selection, stochastic augmentation module and a regularized contrastive loss optimized with momentum training, and generalizes well to both PPG and ECG modalities. We show that the pre-trained foundation models readily encode information regarding participants' demographics and health conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that builds foundation models using large-scale PPG and ECG data collected via wearable consumer devices $\unicode{x2013}$ prior works have commonly used smaller-size datasets collected in clinical and experimental settings. We believe PPG and ECG foundation models can enhance future wearable devices by reducing the reliance on labeled data and hold the potential to help the users improve their health., Comment: Camera ready version for ICLR 2024
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- 2023
19. Label Shift Estimators for Non-Ignorable Missing Data
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Miller, Andrew C. and Futoma, Joseph
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Statistics - Methodology ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
We consider the problem of estimating the mean of a random variable Y subject to non-ignorable missingness, i.e., where the missingness mechanism depends on Y . We connect the auxiliary proxy variable framework for non-ignorable missingness (West and Little, 2013) to the label shift setting (Saerens et al., 2002). Exploiting this connection, we construct an estimator for non-ignorable missing data that uses high-dimensional covariates (or proxies) without the need for a generative model. In synthetic and semi-synthetic experiments, we study the behavior of the proposed estimator, comparing it to commonly used ignorable estimators in both well-specified and misspecified settings. Additionally, we develop a score to assess how consistent the data are with the label shift assumption. We use our approach to estimate disease prevalence using a large health survey, comparing ignorable and non-ignorable approaches. We show that failing to account for non-ignorable missingness can have profound consequences on conclusions drawn from non-representative samples., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
20. Detection of anomalies amongst LIGO's glitch populations with autoencoders
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Laguarta, Paloma, van der Laag, Robin, Lopez, Melissa, Dooney, Tom, Miller, Andrew L., Schmidt, Stefano, Cavaglia, Marco, Caudill, Sarah, Driessens, Kurt, Karel, Jöel, Lenders, Roy, and Broeck, Chris Van Den
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Gravitational-wave (GW) interferometers are able to detect a change in distance of $\sim$ 1/10,000th the size of a proton. Such sensitivity leads to large appearance rates of non-Gaussian transient noise bursts in the main detector strain, also known as glitches. These glitches come in a wide range of frequency-amplitude-time morphologies and are caused by environmental or instrumental processes, hindering searches for all sources of gravitational waves. Current approaches for their identification use supervised models to learn their morphology in the main strain, but do not consider relevant information provided by auxiliary channels that monitor the state of the interferometers nor provide a flexible framework for novel glitch morphologies. In this work, we present an unsupervised algorithm to find anomalous glitches. We encode a subset of auxiliary channels from LIGO Livingston in the fractal dimension, a measure for the complexity of the data, and learn the underlying distribution of the data using an auto-encoder with periodic convolutions. In this way, we uncover unknown glitch morphologies, and overlaps in time between different glitches and misclassifications. This led to the discovery of anomalies in $6.6 \%$ of the input data. The results of this investigation stress the learnable structure of auxiliary channels encoded in fractal dimension and provide a flexible framework to improve the state-of-the-art of glitch identification algorithms., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figues, to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
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- 2023
21. Fresh evidence on the relationship between years of experience and teaching quality
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Gore, Jennifer, Rosser, Brooke, Jaremus, Felicia, Miller, Andrew, and Harris, Jess
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- 2024
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22. Was COVID-19 an unexpected catalyst for more equitable learning outcomes? A comparative analysis after two years of disrupted schooling in Australian primary schools
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Miller, Andrew, Fray, Leanne, and Gore, Jennifer
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- 2024
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23. Enabling multi-messenger astronomy with continuous gravitational waves: early warning and sky localization of binary neutron stars in Einstein Telescope
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Miller, Andrew L., Singh, Neha, and Palomba, Cristiano
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors will provide unprecedented sensitivity to inspiraling binary neutron stars and black holes, enabling detections at the peak of star formation and beyond. However, the signals from these systems will last much longer than those in current detectors, and overlap in both time and frequency, leading to increased computational cost to search for them with standard matched filtering analyses, and a higher probability that they are observed in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. We therefore present a method to search for gravitational waves from compact binary inspirals in next-generation detectors that is computationally efficient and robust against gaps in data collection and noise non-stationarities. Our method finds tracks in the time/frequency plane of the detector that uniquely describe specific inspiraling systems. We find that we could detect $\sim 5$ overlapping, intermediate-strength signals (matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio $\rho\approx 58$) without a sensitivity loss. Additionally, we demonstrate that our method can enable multi-messenger astronomy: using only low frequencies ($2-20$ Hz), we could warn astronomers $\sim 2.5$ hours before a GW170817-like merger at 40 Mpc and provide a sky localization of $\sim 20$ deg$^2$ using only one ``L'' of Einstein Telescope. Additionally, assuming that primordial black holes exist, we derive projected constraints on the fraction of dark matter they could compose, $f_{\rm PBH}\sim 10^{-6}-10^{-4}$, for $\sim 1-0.1M_\odot$ equal-mass systems, respectively, using a rate suppression factor $f_{\rm sup}=2.5\times 10^{-3}$. Comparing matched filtering searches to our proposed method at a fixed sensitivity, we find a factor of $\sim10-50$ speed-up when we begin an analysis at a frequency of 5 Hz up to 12 Hz for a system with a chirp mass between $\sim[1,2]M_\odot$., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, comments welcome!
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- 2023
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24. Simulation-based Inference for Cardiovascular Models
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Wehenkel, Antoine, Behrmann, Jens, Miller, Andrew C., Sapiro, Guillermo, Sener, Ozan, Cuturi, Marco, and Jacobsen, Jörn-Henrik
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods - Abstract
Over the past decades, hemodynamics simulators have steadily evolved and have become tools of choice for studying cardiovascular systems in-silico. While such tools are routinely used to simulate whole-body hemodynamics from physiological parameters, solving the corresponding inverse problem of mapping waveforms back to plausible physiological parameters remains both promising and challenging. Motivated by advances in simulation-based inference (SBI), we cast this inverse problem as statistical inference. In contrast to alternative approaches, SBI provides \textit{posterior distributions} for the parameters of interest, providing a \textit{multi-dimensional} representation of uncertainty for \textit{individual} measurements. We showcase this ability by performing an in-silico uncertainty analysis of five biomarkers of clinical interest comparing several measurement modalities. Beyond the corroboration of known facts, such as the feasibility of estimating heart rate, our study highlights the potential of estimating new biomarkers from standard-of-care measurements. SBI reveals practically relevant findings that cannot be captured by standard sensitivity analyses, such as the existence of sub-populations for which parameter estimation exhibits distinct uncertainty regimes. Finally, we study the gap between in-vivo and in-silico with the MIMIC-III waveform database and critically discuss how cardiovascular simulations can inform real-world data analysis.
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- 2023
25. Characterizing Gravitational Wave Detector Networks: From A$^\sharp$ to Cosmic Explorer
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Gupta, Ish, Afle, Chaitanya, Arun, K. G., Bandopadhyay, Ananya, Baryakhtar, Masha, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Borhanian, Ssohrab, Broekgaarden, Floor, Corsi, Alessandra, Dhani, Arnab, Evans, Matthew, Hall, Evan D., Hannuksela, Otto A., Kacanja, Keisi, Kashyap, Rahul, Khadkikar, Sanika, Kuns, Kevin, Li, Tjonnie G. F., Miller, Andrew L., Nitz, Alexander Harvey, Owen, Benjamin J., Palomba, Cristiano, Pearce, Anthony, Phurailatpam, Hemantakumar, Rajbhandari, Binod, Read, Jocelyn, Romano, Joseph D., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore S., Shoemaker, David H., Singh, Divya, Vitale, Salvatore, Barsotti, Lisa, Berti, Emanuele, Cahillane, Craig, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Fritschel, Peter, Haster, Carl-Johan, Landry, Philippe, Lovelace, Geoffrey, McClelland, David, Slagmolen, Bram J J, Smith, Joshua, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Sun, Ling, Tanner, David, Yamamoto, Hiro, and Zucker, Michael
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Gravitational-wave observations by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo have provided us a new tool to explore the Universe on all scales from nuclear physics to the cosmos and have the massive potential to further impact fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology for decades to come. In this paper we have studied the science capabilities of a network of LIGO detectors when they reach their best possible sensitivity, called A#, given the infrastructure in which they exist and a new generation of observatories that are factor of 10 to 100 times more sensitive (depending on the frequency), in particular a pair of L-shaped Cosmic Explorer observatories (one 40 km and one 20 km arm length) in the US and the triangular Einstein Telescope with 10 km arms in Europe. The presence of one or two A# observatories in a network containing two or one next generation observatories, respectively, will provide good localization capabilities for facilitating multimessenger astronomy and precision measurement of the Hubble parameter. Two Cosmic Explorer observatories are indispensable for achieving precise localization of binary neutron star events, facilitating detection of electromagnetic counterparts and transforming multimessenger astronomy. Their combined operation is even more important in the detection and localization of high-redshift sources, such as binary neutron stars, beyond the star-formation peak, and primordial black hole mergers, which may occur roughly 100 million years after the Big Bang. The addition of the Einstein Telescope to a network of two Cosmic Explorer observatories is critical for accomplishing all the identified science metrics. For most metrics the triple network of next generation terrestrial observatories are a factor 100 better than what can be accomplished by a network of three A# observatories., Comment: 48 pages, 20 figures, 14 tables
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- 2023
26. Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales
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Hensen, Noah, Bonometti, Lucas, Westerberg, Ivar, Brännström, Ioana Onut, Guillou, Sonia, Cros-Aarteil, Sandrine, Calhoun, Sara, Haridas, Sajeet, Kuo, Alan, Mondo, Stephen, Pangilinan, Jasmyn, Riley, Robert, LaButti, Kurt, Andreopoulos, Bill, Lipzen, Anna, Chen, Cindy, Yan, Mi, Daum, Chris, Ng, Vivian, Clum, Alicia, Steindorff, Andrei, Ohm, Robin A, Martin, Francis, Silar, Philippe, Natvig, Donald O, Lalanne, Christophe, Gautier, Valérie, Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, Kruys, Åsa, Hutchinson, Miriam I, Powell, Amy Jo, Barry, Kerrie, Miller, Andrew N, Grigoriev, Igor V, Debuchy, Robert, Gladieux, Pierre, Hiltunen Thorén, Markus, and Johannesson, Hanna
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Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Evolutionary Biology ,Genetics ,Biotechnology ,Human Genome ,Humans ,Phylogeny ,Genomics ,Genome ,Sordariales ,Base Sequence ,Evolution ,Molecular ,Whole-genome phylogeny ,Podosporaceae ,Chaetomiaceae ,Sordariaceae ,Genome evolution ,Zoology ,Evolutionary biology - Abstract
The order Sordariales is taxonomically diverse, and harbours many species with different lifestyles and large economic importance. Despite its importance, a robust genome-scale phylogeny, and associated comparative genomic analysis of the order is lacking. In this study, we examined whole-genome data from 99 Sordariales, including 52 newly sequenced genomes, and seven outgroup taxa. We inferred a comprehensive phylogeny that resolved several contentious relationships amongst families in the order, and cleared-up intrafamily relationships within the Podosporaceae. Extensive comparative genomics showed that genomes from the three largest families in the dataset (Chaetomiaceae, Podosporaceae and Sordariaceae) differ greatly in GC content, genome size, gene number, repeat percentage, evolutionary rate, and genome content affected by repeat-induced point mutations (RIP). All genomic traits showed phylogenetic signal, and ancestral state reconstruction revealed that the variation of the properties stems primarily from within-family evolution. Together, the results provide a thorough framework for understanding genome evolution in this important group of fungi.
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- 2023
27. Genetic polymorphisms in vitamin E transport genes as determinants for risk of equine neuroaxonal dystrophy
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Ma, Yunzhuo, Peng, Sichong, Donnelly, Callum G, Ghosh, Sharmila, Miller, Andrew D, Woolard, Kevin, and Finno, Carrie J
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Veterinary Sciences ,Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,Prevention ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,ataxia ,equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy ,genetics ,horse ,Veterinary sciences - Abstract
BackgroundEquine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with vitamin E deficiency. In humans, polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin E uptake and distribution determines individual vitamin E requirements.Hypothesis/objectivesGenetic polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin E metabolism would be associated with an increased risk of eNAD/EDM in Quarter Horses (QHs).AnimalsWhole-genome sequencing: eNAD/EDM affected (n = 9, postmortem [PM]-confirmed) and control (n = 32) QHs.ValidationeNAD/EDM affected (n = 39, 23-PM confirmed) and control (n = 68, 7-PM confirmed) QHs. Allele frequency (AF): Publicly available data from 504 horses across 47 breeds.MethodsRetrospective, case control study. Whole-genome sequencing was performed and genetic variants identified within 28 vitamin E candidate genes. These variants were subsequently genotyped in the validation cohort.ResultsThirty-nine confirmed variants in 15 vitamin E candidate genes were significantly associated with eNAD/EDM (P
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- 2023
28. The Limits of the 'System of Schools' Approach: Superintendent Perspectives on Change Efforts in U.S. Catholic School Systems
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Miller, Andrew F., Reyes, John, Wyttenbach, Melodie, and Ezeugwu, Gilbert
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Catholic schooling in the United States is suffering from a persistent enrollment crisis that has triggered the need for system-wide organizational reforms. However, most of the changes that the sector has experienced has taken place in individual schools making decisions about how to operationally sustain their individual school community. In this article, we present findings from a qualitative analysis of 26 superintendents of (arch)diocesan Catholic school systems in order to better understand why there has been an absence of system-level change in the Catholic sector in the U.S. at a time when systems thinking has started to spread throughout other sectors domestically and internationally. We show through the findings presented in this paper that many Catholic school systems in the United States do not sustain system-level change because they rely on a decentralized "system of schools" organizational form that superintendents believe limits the possibility for sector-wide organizational reform. We highlight in this paper the ways superintendents are forced to navigate these organizational and political limitations and suggest what the implications of this limited possibility for system-level change are for the Catholic sector and other similarly organized sectors.
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- 2023
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29. Implicative Criticism, or The Display of Thinking
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Miller, Andrew H.
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- 2013
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30. Cosmic Explorer: A Submission to the NSF MPSAC ngGW Subcommittee
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Evans, Matthew, Corsi, Alessandra, Afle, Chaitanya, Ananyeva, Alena, Arun, K. G., Ballmer, Stefan, Bandopadhyay, Ananya, Barsotti, Lisa, Baryakhtar, Masha, Berger, Edo, Berti, Emanuele, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Borhanian, Ssohrab, Broekgaarden, Floor, Brown, Duncan A., Cahillane, Craig, Campbell, Lorna, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Daniel, Kathryne J., Dhani, Arnab, Driggers, Jennifer C., Effler, Anamaria, Eisenstein, Robert, Fairhurst, Stephen, Feicht, Jon, Fritschel, Peter, Fulda, Paul, Gupta, Ish, Hall, Evan D., Hammond, Giles, Hannuksela, Otto A., Hansen, Hannah, Haster, Carl-Johan, Kacanja, Keisi, Kamai, Brittany, Kashyap, Rahul, Key, Joey Shapiro, Khadkikar, Sanika, Kontos, Antonios, Kuns, Kevin, Landry, Michael, Landry, Philippe, Lantz, Brian, Li, Tjonnie G. F., Lovelace, Geoffrey, Mandic, Vuk, Mansell, Georgia L., Martynov, Denys, McCuller, Lee, Miller, Andrew L., Nitz, Alexander Harvey, Owen, Benjamin J., Palomba, Cristiano, Read, Jocelyn, Phurailatpam, Hemantakumar, Reddy, Sanjay, Richardson, Jonathan, Rollins, Jameson, Romano, Joseph D., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore S., Schofield, Robert, Shoemaker, David H., Sigg, Daniel, Singh, Divya, Slagmolen, Bram, Sledge, Piper, Smith, Joshua, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Strunk, Amber, Sun, Ling, Tanner, David, van Son, Lieke A. C., Vitale, Salvatore, Willke, Benno, Yamamoto, Hiro, and Zucker, Michael
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Gravitational-wave astronomy has revolutionized humanity's view of the universe, a revolution driven by observations that no other field can make. This white paper describes an observatory that builds on decades of investment by the National Science Foundation and that will drive discovery for decades to come: Cosmic Explorer. Major discoveries in astronomy are driven by three related improvements: better sensitivity, higher precision, and opening new observational windows. Cosmic Explorer promises all three and will deliver an order-of-magnitude greater sensitivity than LIGO. Cosmic Explorer will push the gravitational-wave frontier to almost the edge of the observable universe using technologies that have been proven by LIGO during its development. With the unprecedented sensitivity that only a new facility can deliver, Cosmic Explorer will make discoveries that cannot yet be anticipated, especially since gravitational waves are both synergistic with electromagnetic observations and can reach into regions of the universe that electromagnetic observations cannot explore. With Cosmic Explorer, scientists can use the universe as a laboratory to test the laws of physics and study the nature of matter. Cosmic Explorer allows the United States to continue its leading role in gravitational-wave science and the international network of next-generation observatories. With its extraordinary discovery potential, Cosmic Explorer will deliver revolutionary observations across astronomy, physics, and cosmology including: Black Holes and Neutron Stars Throughout Cosmic Time, Multi-Messenger Astrophysics and Dynamics of Dense Matter, New Probes of Extreme Astrophysics, Fundamental Physics and Precision Cosmology, Dark Matter and the Early Universe.
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- 2023
31. Recent results from continuous gravitational wave searches using data from LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA's third observing run
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Miller, Andrew L.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The third observing run of advanced LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA brought unprecedented sensitivity towards a variety of quasi-monochromatic, persistent gravitational-wave signals. Continuous waves allow us to probe not just the existence of canonical asymmetrically rotating neutron stars, but also different forms of dark matter, thus showing the wide-ranging astrophysical implications of using a relatively simple signal model. I will describe the major results from the numerous continuous-wave searches that were performed in O3, both inside and outside the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA collaborations, and show how impactful to multi-messenger physics that they have been., Comment: Contribution to the 2023 Gravitation session of the 57th Rencontres de Moriond
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- 2023
32. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies
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Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71
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- 2023
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33. Unpacking How Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) Work in Practice
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Sharma, Tanusree, Kwon, Yujin, Pongmala, Kornrapat, Wang, Henry, Miller, Andrew, Song, Dawn, and Wang, Yang
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Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) have emerged as a novel way to coordinate a group of (pseudonymous) entities towards a shared vision (e.g., promoting sustainability), utilizing self-executing smart contracts on blockchains to support decentralized governance and decision-making. In just a few years, over 4,000 DAOs have been launched in various domains, such as investment, education, health, and research. Despite such rapid growth and diversity, it is unclear how these DAOs actually work in practice and to what extent they are effective in achieving their goals. Given this, we aim to unpack how (well) DAOs work in practice. We conducted an in-depth analysis of a diverse set of 10 DAOs of various categories and smart contracts, leveraging on-chain (e.g., voting results) and off-chain data (e.g., community discussions) as well as our interviews with DAO organizers/members. Specifically, we defined metrics to characterize key aspects of DAOs, such as the degrees of decentralization and autonomy. We observed CompoundDAO, AssangeDAO, Bankless, and Krausehouse having poor decentralization in voting, while decentralization has improved over time for one-person-one-vote DAOs (e.g., Proof of Humanity). Moreover, the degree of autonomy varies among DAOs, with some (e.g., Compound and Krausehouse) relying more on third parties than others. Lastly, we offer a set of design implications for future DAO systems based on our findings.
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- 2023
34. Beyond the symptom: the biology of fatigue.
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Raizen, David, Mullington, Janet, Anaclet, Christelle, Clarke, Gerard, Critchley, Hugo, Dantzer, Robert, Davis, Ronald, Drew, Kelly, Fessel, Josh, Fuller, Patrick, Gibson, Erin, Harrington, Mary, Ian Lipkin, W, Klerman, Elizabeth, Klimas, Nancy, Komaroff, Anthony, Koroshetz, Walter, Krupp, Lauren, Kuppuswamy, Anna, Lasselin, Julie, Lewis, Laura, Magistretti, Pierre, Matos, Heidi, Miaskowski, Christine, Miller, Andrew, Nath, Avindra, Nedergaard, Maiken, Opp, Mark, Ritchie, Marylyn, Rogulja, Dragana, Rolls, Asya, Salamone, John, Saper, Clifford, Whittemore, Vicky, Wylie, Glenn, Younger, Jarred, Zee, Phyllis, and Craig Heller, H
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Humans ,Fatigue ,Motivation ,Biology - Abstract
A workshop titled Beyond the Symptom: The Biology of Fatigue was held virtually September 27-28, 2021. It was jointly organized by the Sleep Research Society and the Neurobiology of Fatigue Working Group of the NIH Blueprint Neuroscience Research Program. For access to the presentations and video recordings, see: https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/about/event/beyond-symptom-biology-fatigue. The goals of this workshop were to bring together clinicians and scientists who use a variety of research approaches to understand fatigue in multiple conditions and to identify key gaps in our understanding of the biology of fatigue. This workshop summary distills key issues discussed in this workshop and provides a list of promising directions for future research on this topic. We do not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the state of our understanding of fatigue, nor to provide a comprehensive reprise of the many excellent presentations. Rather, our goal is to highlight key advances and to focus on questions and future approaches to answering them.
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- 2023
35. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-HIAA and dopamine in people with HIV and depression
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Fu, Rong, Jinnah, Hyder, Mckay, J Lucas, Miller, Andrew H, Felger, Jennifer C, Farber, Eugene W, Sharma, Sanjay, Whicker, Neil, Moore, Raeanne C, Franklin, Donald, Letendre, Scott L, and Anderson, Albert M
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Mental Health ,Brain Disorders ,Depression ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Dopamine ,Serotonin ,Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ,Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,HIV ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
Depression is a common illness in people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms that underpin depression in PWH remain incompletely elucidated, and more research is therefore needed to develop effective treatments. One hypothesis is that neurotransmitter levels may be altered. These levels could be influenced by the chronic inflammation and viral persistence that occurs in PWH. We examined a panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitters in PWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), many of whom had a current depression diagnosis. CSF monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured from participants in studies at the Emory Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). Only participants on stable ART with suppressed HIV RNA from both plasma and CSF were analyzed. Neurotransmitter levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Neurotransmitters and their metabolites included dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA, a major metabolite of dopamine), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA, a major metabolite of serotonin), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG, a major metabolite of norepinephrine). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with depression. There were 79 PWH with plasma and CSF HIV RNA levels
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- 2023
36. Experiencing the pull and push: influences on independent contractor motivation and job satisfaction
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Miller, Andrew and Vanhove, Adam
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- 2024
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37. A Flexible Framework For Using NLP In XR
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Miller, Andrew, Kalafatis, Stavros, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, De Paolis, Lucio Tommaso, editor, Arpaia, Pasquale, editor, and Sacco, Marco, editor
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- 2024
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38. "A Case of Metaphysics": Counterfactuals, Realism, Great Expectations
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Miller, Andrew H.
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- 2012
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39. Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs
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Branchesi, Marica, Maggiore, Michele, Alonso, David, Badger, Charles, Banerjee, Biswajit, Beirnaert, Freija, Belgacem, Enis, Bhagwat, Swetha, Boileau, Guillaume, Borhanian, Ssohrab, Brown, Daniel David, Chan, Man Leong, Cusin, Giulia, Danilishin, Stefan L., Degallaix, Jerome, De Luca, Valerio, Dhani, Arnab, Dietrich, Tim, Dupletsa, Ulyana, Foffa, Stefano, Franciolini, Gabriele, Freise, Andreas, Gemme, Gianluca, Goncharov, Boris, Ghosh, Archisman, Gulminelli, Francesca, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, Pawan Kumar, Harms, Jan, Hazra, Nandini, Hild, Stefan, Hinderer, Tanja, Heng, Ik Siong, Iacovelli, Francesco, Janquart, Justin, Janssens, Kamiel, Jenkins, Alexander C., Kalaghatgi, Chinmay, Koroveshi, Xhesika, Li, Tjonnie G. F., Li, Yufeng, Loffredo, Eleonora, Maggio, Elisa, Mancarella, Michele, Mapelli, Michela, Martinovic, Katarina, Maselli, Andrea, Meyers, Patrick, Miller, Andrew L., Mondal, Chiranjib, Muttoni, Niccolò, Narola, Harsh, Oertel, Micaela, Oganesyan, Gor, Pacilio, Costantino, Palomba, Cristiano, Pani, Paolo, Pasqualetti, Antonio, Perego, Albino, Pèrigois, Carole, Pieroni, Mauro, Piccinni, Ornella Juliana, Puecher, Anna, Puppo, Paola, Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Ronchini, Samuele, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Samajdar, Anuradha, Santoliquido, Filippo, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Steinlechner, Jessica, Steinlechner, Sebastian, Utina, Andrei, Broeck, Chris Van Den, and Zhang, Teng
- Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The Einstein Telescope (ET), the European project for a third-generation gravitational-wave detector, has a reference configuration based on a triangular shape consisting of three nested detectors with 10 km arms, where in each arm there is a `xylophone' configuration made of an interferometer tuned toward high frequencies, and an interferometer tuned toward low frequencies and working at cryogenic temperature. Here, we examine the scientific perspectives under possible variations of this reference design. We perform a detailed evaluation of the science case for a single triangular geometry observatory, and we compare it with the results obtained for a network of two L-shaped detectors (either parallel or misaligned) located in Europe, considering different choices of arm-length for both the triangle and the 2L geometries. We also study how the science output changes in the absence of the low-frequency instrument, both for the triangle and the 2L configurations. We examine a broad class of simple `metrics' that quantify the science output, related to compact binary coalescences, multi-messenger astronomy and stochastic backgrounds, and we then examine the impact of different detector designs on a more specific set of scientific objectives., Comment: 197 pages, 73 figures. v2: corrections in the part on the sensitivity to stochastic backgrounds. Accepted in JCAP
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- 2023
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40. On the Positivity of the Discrete Green's Function for Unstructured Finite Element Discretizations in Three Dimensions
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Miller, Andrew
- Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,65N30 - Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we prove $L^p$ estimates for a regularized Green's function in three dimensions. We then establish new estimates for the discrete Green's function and obtain some positivity results. In particular, we prove that the discrete Green's functions with singularity in the interior of the domain cannot be bounded uniformly with respect of the mesh parameter $h$. Actually, we show that at the singularity the discrete Green's function is of order $h^{-1}$, which is consistent with the behavior of the continuous Green's function. In addition, we also show that the discrete Green's function is positive and decays exponentially away from the singularity. We also provide numerically persistent negative values of the discrete Green's function on Delaunay meshes which then implies a discrete Harnack inequality cannot be established for unstructured finite element discretizations.
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- 2023
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41. Probing the pulsar explanation of the Galactic-Center GeV excess using continuous gravitational-wave searches
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Miller, Andrew L. and Zhao, Yue
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Over ten years ago, Fermi observed an excess of GeV gamma rays from the Galactic Center whose origin is still under debate. One explanation for this excess involves annihilating dark matter; another requires an unresolved population of millisecond pulsars concentrated at the Galactic Center. In this work, we use the results from LIGO/Virgo's most recent all-sky search for quasi-monochromatic, persistent gravitational-wave signals from isolated neutron stars, which is estimated to be about 20-50\% of the population, to determine whether unresolved millisecond pulsars could actually explain this excess. First, we choose a luminosity function that determines the number of millisecond pulsars required to explain the observed excess. Then, we consider two models for deformations on millisecond pulsars to determine their ellipticity distributions, which are directly related to their gravitational-wave radiation. Lastly, based on null results from the O3 Frequency-Hough all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves, we find that a large set of the parameter space in the pulsar luminosity function can be excluded. We also evaluate how these exclusion regions may change with respect to various model choices. Our results are the first of their kind and represent a bridge between gamma-ray astrophysics, gravitational-wave astronomy, and dark-matter physics., Comment: Accepted, PRL, 5 pages + appendix
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- 2023
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42. First search for ultralight dark matter with a space-based gravitational-wave antenna: LISA Pathfinder
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Miller, Andrew L. and Mendes, Luis
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We present here results from the first-ever search for dark photon dark matter that could have coupled to baryons in LISA Pathfinder, the technology demonstrator for a space-based gravitational-wave antenna. After analyzing approximately three months of data taken by LISA Pathfinder in the frequency range $[2\times 10^{-5},5]$ Hz, corresponding to dark photon masses of $[8\times 10^{-20},2\times 10^{-14}]$ eV/$c^2$, we find no evidence of a dark-matter signal, and set upper limits on the strength of the dark photon/baryon coupling. To perform this search, we leveraged methods that search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals in ground-based interferometers, and are robust against non-Gaussianities and gaps in the data. Our work therefore represents a proof-of-concept test of search methods in LISA to find persistent, quasi-monochromatic signals, and shows our ability to handle non-Guassian artifacts and gaps while maintaining good sensitivity compared to the optimal matched filter. The results also indicate that these methods can be powerful tools in LISA to not only find dark matter, but also look for other persistent signals from e.g. intermediate-mass black hole inspirals and galactic white dwarf binaries., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
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43. Understanding Leadership for Adaptive Change in Catholic Schools: A Complexity Perspective
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Miller, Andrew F., Noble, Anna, and McQuillan, Patrick
- Abstract
In an era of decline and crisis, Catholic school leaders have been encouraged to find innovative ways to enhance a school's operational vitality. Yet to this point, most research on educational change in Catholic schools has focused on the technical tasks school principals can take to "save" individual schools. In this article, we apply a complexity perspective to educational change leadership in Catholic education: leadership for adaptive change. Based on a new empirical analysis of the professional experiences of two Catholic school principals working at four different parish schools, we demonstrate in this article how leadership for adaptive change can operate in Catholic elementary parish schools and assess whether and how the attributes of complex adaptive schools were present in these four elementary schools. We also highlight the organizational and social conditions these two principals confronted that both undermined and promoted their ability to lead for adaptive change at these four schools. Ultimately, we suggest in this article the utility of using a "complex adaptive" approach to understanding change leadership in Catholic elementary schools as opposed to "technically rational" approaches commonly found in contemporary Catholic school leadership research.
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- 2022
44. Under Pressure and Overlooked: The Impact of COVID-19 on Teachers in NSW Public Schools
- Author
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Fray, Leanne, Jaremus, Felicia, Gore, Jennifer, Miller, Andrew, and Harris, Jess
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put unprecedented pressure on teachers around the world, raising significant concerns about their workload and wellbeing. Our comparison of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (first year of the pandemic) survey data (n = 362) from teachers in New South Wales, Australia, demonstrates that their morale and efficacy declined significantly during COVID-19, even with the relatively short period of school closure (8 weeks) during 2020. Interviews with teachers and school leaders (n = 18) reinforced these findings and highlighted the depth to which teachers felt dispensable and unappreciated, despite working incredibly hard for their students. The pressure to adapt to online teaching and learning, in trying circumstances, also challenged their confidence in their teaching. We argue that practical and emotional support for teachers both during periods of remote learning and upon students' return to the classroom is essential to support teacher's wellbeing and a robust teaching workforce into the future.
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- 2023
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45. Issue Linkages in International Environmental Policy: The International Whaling Commission and Japanese Development Aid
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Miller, Andrew R. and Dolšak, Nives
- Published
- 2007
46. Symposium: Workgroup on Interactive Systems in Healthcare (WISH)
- Author
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Epstein, Daniel A, O'Kane, Aisling Ann, and Miller, Andrew D
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Building ,Business and Management - Abstract
The Workgroup on Interactive Systems in Healthcare (WISH) connects academic and industry researchers across human-computer interaction, medical informatics, health informatics, digital health, and beyond to foster a community around innovations in consumer and medical health and wellbeing. The WISH Symposium at CHI 2023 will regather the HCI health and wellbeing research community for the first in-person community meeting in four years, allowing us to discuss and disseminate findings, methods, and approaches towards understanding and creating interactive health and wellbeing systems. We will continue the tradition of providing mentoring opportunities for early- and mid-career researchers, ranging from undergraduates to post-PhD, to establish future generations of scholars in the area. This will be the tenth WISH meeting, following a successful tradition of workshops at relevant venues including CHI over the past decade.
- Published
- 2023
47. Author Correction: Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis
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Younesi, Fereshteh Sadat, Miller, Andrew E., Barker, Thomas H., Rossi, Fabio M. V., and Hinz, Boris
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- 2024
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48. Nonhuman Primate Neoplasia
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Miller, Andrew D., primary and Kirejczyk, Shannon G. M., additional
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- 2024
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49. Measuring neutron-star distances and properties with gravitational-wave parallax
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Sieniawska, Magdalena, Jones, David Ian, and Miller, Andrew Lawrence
- Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Gravitational-wave astronomy allows us to study objects and events invisible to electromagnetic waves. So far, only signals triggered by coalescing binaries have been detected. However, as the interferometers' sensitivities improve over time, we expect to observe weaker signals in the future, e.g. emission of continuous gravitational waves from spinning, isolated neutron stars. Parallax is a well-known method, widely used in electromagnetic astronomical observations, to estimate the distance to a source. In this work, we consider the application of the parallax method to gravitational-wave searches and explore possible distance estimation errors. We show that detection of parallax in the signal from a spinning down source can constrain the neutron star moment of inertia. For instance, we found that the relative error of the moment of inertia estimation is smaller than $10\%$ for all sources closer than 300 pc, for the assumed birth frequency of 700 Hz, ellipticity $\geq 10^{-7}$ and for two years of observations by the Einstein Telescope, assuming spin down due purely to quadrupolar gravitational radiation., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2022
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50. Probing Ensemble Properties of Vortex-avalanche Pulsar Glitches with a Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background Search
- Author
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De Lillo, Federico, Suresh, Jishnu, Depasse, Antoine, Sieniawska, Magdalena, Miller, Andrew L., and Bruno, Giacomo
- Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
A stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) is expected to be produced by the superposition of individually undetectable, unresolved gravitational-wave (GW) signals from cosmological and astrophysical sources. Such a signal can be searched with dedicated techniques using the data acquired by a network of ground-based GW detectors. In this work, we consider the astrophysical SGWB resulting from pulsar glitches, which are sudden increases in the rotational pulsar frequency, within our Galaxy. More specifically, we assume glitches to be associated with quantized, superfluid, vortex-avalanches in the pulsars, and we model the SGWB from the superposition of GW bursts emitted during the glitching phase. We perform a cross-correlation search for this SGWB-like signal employing the data from the first three observation runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo. Not having found any evidence for a SGWB signal, we set upper limits on the dimensionless energy density parameter $\Omega_{\mathrm{gw}}(f)$ for two different power-law SGWBs, corresponding to two different glitch regimes. We obtain $\Omega_{\mathrm{gw}}(f)\leq 7.5 \times 10^{-10}$ at 25 Hz for a spectral index 5/2, and $\Omega_{\mathrm{gw}}(f)\leq 5.7 \times 10^{-17}$ at 25 Hz for a spectral index 17/2. We then use these results to set constraints on the average glitch duration and the average radial motion of the vortices during the glitches for the population of the glitching Galactic pulsars, as a function of the Galactic glitch rate., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
- Published
- 2022
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