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The present study aims to explore the key success factors (KSFs) of lean-green (LG) practices and establishing an association between them in context of Indian automotive industry. Twenty–Six KSFs of LG practices are identified through comprehensive literature reviews and screened them using statistical analysis. During screening of KSFs, the expert's input was collected through questionnaire survey and analyzed it using Importance-Index and CIMTC method. The statistical result reveals that twenty–two KSFs are found the most significant out of twenty–six KSFs. Also, the consistency of statistical output was checked through reliability analysis and observed that screened KSFs are reliable and consistent with Cronbach's alpha of 0.870. Further, the mutual interaction among finalized KSFs is observed using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and clustering them into four quadrant (dependent, independent, linkage, autonomous) using MICMAC analysis. The ISM model reveals that the KSFs of LG practices are administrative active participation, Resource Adequacy, Structured Training module, Tactical intelligence. Moreover, in MICMAC analysis, the finalized KSFs are clustered into four quadrants as per their driving and dependence power. The result of this study facilitates to industrial managers and practitioners of tractor industries to adopt LG practices in their running system efficiently. The managers of automotive industry can pay attention on those KSFs which lies at the bottom level in the ISM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research endeavored to provide an analysis of the barriers related to the agri-food supply chain in the context of the Indian agro-industry. The methodology used is based on an Interpretive Structural Modeling with a Matrix of Cross Impacts-Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) technique. There is a need for specificity in defining Agro-food supply chain barriers before they can be eliminated. Therefore, the goal of this study is to look at the factors which are emerging as constraints to the growth of the agri-food supply chain. The findings show that transparency and traceability, inadequate infrastructure, difficulty in implementing government schemes, and inadequate risk management measures constitute important barriers to agri-food supply chains. This study provides an understanding of supply-chain barriers related to the agro-food industry. Managers/owners of agricultural enterprises can use the findings of this study to more easily identify the prominent barriers which affect agri-food supply chains. Furthermore, this study can be used as a guide to deal with the supply chain problems facing agri-enterprises in the face of high demand for agri-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive framework for understanding the key opportunities and barriers in implementing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in Tunisian medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using MICMAC (Matrice d’Impacts Croisés, Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement) and DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) methodologies, supported by a literature review and expert consultations. Both methods identify crucial opportunities such as digital collaboration and real-time information, along with barriers like under-utilization of academic knowledge and insufficient leadership commitment. While MICMAC emphasizes risk management, not fully recognized by DEMATEL, both converge on similar barriers with nuanced prioritization. Comparing these findings with existing literature highlights commonalities and differences in opportunities and barriers. The study underscores the importance of integrating sustainability and cost reduction into I4.0 frameworks and suggests incorporating technological readiness, leadership support, and innovative business models. For practical implementation, decision-makers should invest in advanced manufacturing technologies, foster collaboration with technology providers, and initiate pilot projects. Enhancing operational agility and efficiency through integrated digital platforms and adaptable systems is essential. Addressing barriers involves securing management support, improving technical expertise, managing resistance to change, and boosting research and development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been rising interest in the resilient supply chains of the healthcare industry following the stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic and other geopolitical disruptive events. While the resilient supply chain literature is robust, there is a dearth of studies related to resilient healthcare supply chain (RHSC), in general, and the resilient pharmaceutical supply chain, in specific. The current study integrates the academic and grey literature as well as experts' opinions, to develop a theoretical framework that can be used to assess the resiliency of PSC. This research proposes a novel framework—the argumentation-based modified total interpretive structural modeling with polarity (ABM-TISMP)—that integrates MICMAC, network, and scenario analyses. With this framework, the paper aims to help scholars and practitioners understand the "what," "how," and "why" of the RHSC, as well as identify future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green construction practices (GCPs) are essential for the construction industry to achieve carbon neutral and sustainable development. However, the promotion of GCPs faces multifaceted challenges, particularly within the context of recent global uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic has wrought substantial disruption upon the construction sector, which makes it a good candidate as a case study for enhancing future risk management strategies. Currently, there is limited research on the factors influencing GCPs in the global uncertainty context. To bridge this research gap, this study first identifies 26 factors affecting GCPs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through a comprehensive literature review. Subsequently, based on feedback from 22 experts, Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement (MICMAC) methodologies are adopted to illustrate the intricate relationships among influencing factors and further classify their relative importance. The results underscore the pivotal role of factors such as technology development, the difficulty of construction, materials, and equipment performance, as well as identify 13 factors that have a fundamental impact. This research provides insights for decision-makers to enhance risk management strategies for GCPs in the global uncertainty context, prioritize the determinants, and facilitate the optimal allocation of resources to advance GCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the border regions of Iran, which include West Azerbaijan province, the interwoven dynamics between development and security present a multifaceted set of challenges. This comprehensive study delves into the intricate relationship between these two critical elements, with a focus on elucidating potential scenarios that impact on development and security alike. Employing a rigorous methodological approach, using advanced data analysis tools and incorporating insights from experts, this research identifies seven pivotal factors that play a crucial role in shaping the sustainable development and security landscape of these border regions. By using the Method for Inserting Knowledge into Decision Support Models (Méthode d’Insertion de Connaissances dans les Modèles d’Aide à la Décision) MicMac software, an in-depth analysis of both direct and indirect variables was conducted to precisely gauge their influence in border security. The outcomes of this extensive analysis provide a solid foundation for the construction of diverse scenarios, thus offering a wide spectrum of potential future trajectories for the region. The examination of these scenarios grants invaluable insights into the intricate nexus between development and security, reinforcing the essential need for a holistic and integrated approach to regional planning. This research effectively underscores the vital imperative of nurturing synergies between security and development for the sustained progress of Iran’s border areas. With a focus on empirical data and informed projections, this study sheds light on the intricate dynamics at play, emphasising the pivotal role of an integrated approach to regional advancement.

This paper aims to identify the potential barriers to the implementation of circular supply chain management (CSCM) in developing countries by considering a case of the Pakistani fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. By using literature review and expert panel input, this study found fourteen barriers to the implementation of the circular supply chain (CSC) and established the contextual relationship among the identified and validated barriers using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). The barriers were then classified into different categories using the MICMAC technique based on their driving and dependence power. The results helped to explore the direct and indirect effect of barriers on each other. The study also developed a hierarchical relationship among the barriers using an integrated ISM-MICMAC methodology in an emerging economy context. The results of the hierarchical model shall help to understand the impact of one particular barrier over others. Managers and organizations can use this study to inhibit the effects of barriers for successful implementation of the CSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sade Village is a village located in eastern Indonesia, precisely in Rembitan, Pujut, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara which is inhabited by the Sasak tribe. The Sade tribe has unique activities including ikat weaving, carving and Peresean art, as well as a unique culture called “Marriage Cultivation”. So many uniqness in this area, but the problem are many of the human resources in this village are less interested in technology, so the inequality in tourism development models is very far from Bali. This paper use Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, is one of the main decision-making problems which aims to determine the best alternative by considering more than one criterion in the selection process. MCDM has manifold tools and methods that can be applied in different fields from finance to engineering design. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the variables modernization, nutrition, taxes, infrastructure, health, religion, customs and family which are in the influence variable or driving quadrant are the main variables that determine the potential to overcome inequality. Economic potential and cultural uniqueness can be further enhanced to provide added value for the welfare of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worsening of environmental pollution has compelled industrial organizations to implement improvements across the board and work to inspire staff to engage in active green behavior. However, the majority of recent studies are restricted to a certain perspective, and there is a dearth of study on the variables influencing employees' green behavior in general. This research is grounded in a comprehensive viewpoint. Experts evaluate the relevant aspects using fuzzy language, and they combine their individual judgements using the central ordered weighted operator to get a more scientific conclusion. The outcomes of expert judgment are then examined using a variety of analytical techniques, including decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory method, interpretative structural model, and MICMAC Matrix, to identify the critical variables that influence employees' adoption of environmentally friendly behavior. The findings indicate that the most important variables impacting workers' green behavior are employee motivation, values, and responsible leadership. The attitudes, practices, and leadership philosophies of leaders regarding green conduct have an impact on employee motivation and values. The enterprise's sustainable development idea is also shown to be impacted by leaders' attitudes toward green conduct in a number of other areas, including the organizational environment, organizational and human resource management, and other areas. All of these elements have an impact on employees' values and drive to adopt green practices, either internally or outside. This research can assist businesses in identifying the critical influencing elements that impact workers' green behavior and provide focused recommendations to enhance employee green behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play an essential role in economic growth. COVID-19 severely affected this sector, given its dependence on logistics. Logistics 4.0 is a progressive and vital technology for the MSME sector in developed economies. However, certain inhibitors cause MSMEs to face criticality and difficulty when adopting Logistics 4.0. Therefore, the authors first identified fourteen inhibitors through a detailed structured literature review and then used the Delphi method to finalise the inhibitors for further analysis. Furthermore, the modified total interpretive structural modelling (M-TISM) technique was applied to identify the levels and interrelationships among the inhibitors. Subsequently, the inhibitors were categorised into four main clusters by their dependence and driving power using matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment (MICMAC) analysis. This study reveals that MSMEs must prioritise five critical inhibitors during the Logistics 4.0 adoption process. The authors also develop five propositions. Timely action on the recommendations can help MSMEs owners, managers, and employees quickly adopt Logistics 4.0. Finally, the authors discuss theoretical and managerial implications and future research directions for a better understanding of adopting Logistics 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a comprehensive study on optimizing the critical artificial intelligence (AI) factors influencing cost management in civil engineering projects using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. The problem addressed revolves around the need to effectively manage costs in civil engineering endeavors amidst the growing complexity of projects and the increasing integration of AI technologies. The methodology employed involves the utilization of three MCDM tools, specifically Delphi, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC). A total of 17 AI factors, categorized into eight broad groups, were identified and analyzed. Through the application of different MCDM techniques, the relative importance and interrelationships among these factors were determined. The key findings reveal the critical role of certain AI factors, such as risk mitigation and cost components, in optimizing the cost management processes. Moreover, the hierarchical structure generated through ISM and the influential factors identified via MICMAC provide insights for prioritizing strategic interventions. The implications of this study extend to informing decision-makers in the civil engineering domain about effective strategies for leveraging AI in their cost management practices. By adopting a systematic MCDM approach, stakeholders can enhance project outcomes while optimizing resource allocation and mitigating financial risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Circular Supply Chain Management (CSCM) is gaining prominence among diverse stakeholders, practitioners, and scholars. However, its adoption remains limited, particularly within Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This study employs Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), specifically tailored for SMEs, to elucidate the contextual relationships among CSCM indicators. Furthermore, it employs the Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqué à un Classement (MICMAC) analysis to categorize these indicators into driving- dependence power quadrants. Thirteen CSCM indicators are identified and classified into three sustainability dimensions: economic, environmental, and social. The ISM model comprises four levels, with employees’ exposure to hazardous materials at level one, followed by ten indicators at level two, one at level three (reuse, remanufacturing, recycling complexity), and one at level four (eco-material). MICMAC analysis reveals that none of the indicators falls into the autonomous quadrant. Employees’ exposure to hazardous materials is categorized in the dependent indicators’ quadrant, while ten indicators belong to the linkage quadrant. The independent quadrant includes two indicators: eco-material and reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling complexity. SMEs can utilize these CSCM indicators as an initial step toward circularity implementation. The recommended implementation sequence follows the ISM model hierarchy, starting with level four indicators and progressing through levels three, two, and one, acknowledging the influence of higher-level indicators on lower-level ones.

Tiksi Port is a Russian seaport located on the Laptev Sea shore in the Central Arctic region and holds potential as a crucial and versatile hub for the improvement of the Eastern Arctic sector. It is one of the main ports on the Northern Sea Route and can potentially become the primary point for transporting various types of cargo. Currently, Tiksi Port is shallow and incapable of receiving large sea vessels and although it was initially equipped with handling equipment, signs of decline are visible. This study aims to identify the critical logistics elements of Tiksi Port and classify them according to their level of significance in vitalizing the logistics activities of the port for further practical use. Interpretive Structural Modelling and the Matrix of Cross Impacts Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) method was used in this study. The study findings revealed ten factors that appeared at three levels of importance. According to the analysis results, “combating oil spills” was present at Level 3, which is the first and most fundamental level to be improved. Tiksi Port officials and government ministries can use these results as a reference for development and to support the establishment of a cost-effective and agile logistics system for related companies.

The growing importance of sustainability in organizational success, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, underscores the need for leveraging technologies such as blockchain methods to enhance sustainability indicators across environmental, social, and economic pillars. This study aims to identify and understand the challenges hindering the adoption of blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical sector for improving sustainability performance, addressing two research topics: the specific challenges faced by blockchain adoption in this context and the interdependencies among these challenges. Employing a two-step approach, the study compiles challenges through a literature review, refines them via expert opinions, and establishes their interrelationships using methodologies like fuzzy interpretive structural modeling (FISM) and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC). The research contributes to unraveling the complex relationships and dependencies within the system, providing a structured framework for improved decision making and strategic planning. It fills a literature gap as the first attempt to outline driving and dependent factors related to the challenges of adopting blockchain technology for sustainability enhancement in the pharmaceutical sector, offering insights that can significantly impact brand image, company perception, and consumer value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Start-ups are widely acknowledged as crucial catalysts for innovation and drivers of economic progress. However, their vulnerability to failure continues to pose a persistent and significant obstacle. In light of this, the study intends to ascertain the various elements responsible for the elevated incidence of start-up failures and examine their contextual associations. It further aims to establish the hierarchical structure and identify the crucial factors of start-up failure. METHODOLOGY: The paper uses the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach to determine the structural hierarchy and interconnections among the causes of start-up failures identified through the comprehensive analysis of existing literature and experts' opinions. MICMAC (Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification) analysis is also being utilized to categorize these identified failure causes into autonomous, independent, dependent, and linking factors by their driving and dependency powers. FINDINGS: A structural framework depicting the interrelationships among the factors has been derived, showing the failure factor, 'poor market positioning' factor at the highest level, and the 'lack of entrepreneurial efficiency' at the lowest level of the model. The results also revealed that lack of entrepreneurial efficiency, poor management, and external environmental issues are the most significant independent factors upon which all other failure factors rely. It also categorizes 'poor market positioning' as the dependent factor, signifying its passive role in the failure of start-ups. IMPLICATIONS: As previous literature has discussed the various factors responsible for the failure of start-ups in isolation, the current study fills out the gap in the literature by establishing linkages among those factors. The study's insights emphasize the value of effective management teams and entrepreneurial skills in averting start-up failures. It highlights the importance of skill development and mentorship to enhance the capabilities of entrepreneurs and their teams. Furthermore, the research indicates that policymakers and support groups can create focus initiatives addressing issues like market validation, team dynamics, and financial management to enhance the start-up environment. These initiatives may encompass entrepreneurship training, financial assistance, and mentorship through the 'Start-up India' Program, Bharat Fund platform, etc. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Previous studies on entrepreneurial failure are based on AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process), content analysis, and quality management methodologies. This is potentially the first study using the ISM-MICMAC approach that explores the complex world of start-up failures in India and illustrates the relative influence and interdependence of various failure factors of start-ups through a hierarchical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Effective total quality management (TQM) practices rely on the accurate classification of critical success factors (CSFs). The impact matrix cross-reference multiplication technique for classification (MICMAC) or/and fuzzy MICMAC (FMICMAC) can be used to identify key factors in the complex set. However, TQM includes both "hard" and "soft" factors, limiting application of the traditional MICMAC/FMICMAC method. Design/methodology/approach: Previous literature on TQM was reviewed, CSFs were identified, and factors were sorted into soft and hard categories. The combined fuzzy integration and dual-aspect MICMAC (fuzzy dual-aspect MICMAC approach) was then applied to identify, cluster and prioritize the CSFs of TQM. Findings: A total of 20 factors (10 soft and 10 hard) were identified and isolated to assess the manufacturing- and service-related TQM practices of the Pearl River Delta Region of China. Seven driver factors and one linkage factor emerged as the key CSFs that managers should prioritize. Research limitations/implications: A major limitation of this study is the dependency of the results on the definitions of linguistic labels. If the linguistic definitions of TQM CSFs do not closely correspond to the expert opinion data, then the analysis results may be inaccurate. Additionally, although expert opinions are utilized in the proposed method for comprehensive assessments, these opinions may influence the final results due to their inherent subjectivity. Originality/value: A novel fuzzy dual-aspect MICMAC approach was developed to identify and classify CSFs for optimal TQM practices. This approach allows clustering of CSFs so that decision-makers can prioritize factors according to their dependence and driving powers. Practitioners should concentrate on the CSFs with higher driving powers for successful TQM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tiksi Port is a Russian seaport located on the Laptev Sea shore in the Central Arctic region and holds potential as a crucial and versatile hub for the improvement of the Eastern Arctic sector. It is one of the main ports on the Northern Sea Route and can potentially become the primary point for transporting various types of cargo. Currently, Tiksi Port is shallow and incapable of receiving large sea vessels and although it was initially equipped with handling equipment, signs of decline are visible. This study aims to identify the critical logistics elements of Tiksi Port and classify them according to their level of significance in vitalizing the logistics activities of the port for further practical use. Interpretive Structural Modelling and the Matrix of Cross Impacts Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) method was used in this study. The study findings revealed ten factors that appeared at three levels of importance. According to the analysis results, "combating oil spills" was present at Level 3, which is the first and most fundamental level to be improved. Tiksi Port officials and government ministries can use these results as a reference for development and to support the establishment of a cost-effective and agile logistics system for related companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the complexities and uncertainties that the 21st century city is facing today, the structural analysis of urban tissues and in this article the inefficient peripheral tissues of Ahvaz city as manifestations of urban poverty can improve the overall system and its quality that will be beneficial for urban planners and managers as well as for future residents. Therefore, the purpose of this article is structural analysis and recognition of the key and strategic factors of the urban poverty system of the inefficient marginal tissues of Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, it is descriptive-analytical exploratory with a prospective approach. In order to determine the key variables (strategic drivers) of the urban poverty system, the mutual effects of the variables were estimated by 35 experienced experts in the form of a 49*49 matrix and analyzed through MICMAC software. The findings of the research show that due to the lack of influencing variables, the state of the poverty system in the target areas is unsustainable. Also, 9 strategic drivers can be identified: 1- low rent rate, 2- unemployment rate, 3- real dependency, 4- household dimension, 5- ratio of commercial use to total uses in the neighborhood, 6- availability of public services and facilities. 7- the rate of access to health care facilities, 8- the education of the head of the household, and 9- the area of the residential house (smallness). Also, in order to facilitate and speed up the implementation of the largest volume of the most important future, general and public measures, reforming the structures of urban poverty, upgrading and improving the state of the general system of poverty in the three economic, social and physicalenvironmental areas mentioned, as well as greater coordination in the inter-institutional relations of urban management In the target areas, the strategy of creating a neighborhood development center/institution with a focus on networking for sustainable community-oriented urban regeneration for entrepreneurship and empowerment; Creating balanced densities at the neighborhood level, reducing social damage, restoring the social dignity of neighborhoods; and renovation and improvement of the texture is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze the effective factors in the development of tourism in the city of Shush with a future research approach and to examine the extent and how these factors affect each other. The current research is based on the purpose of an applied development type. The method of collecting information is the library, documentary and field method. The statistical population of the research includes 20 experts related to tourism and urban and regional planning, with 56 variables in the form of six dimensions (macro and extra-provincial, economic, managerial, cultural and social, environmental, physical) using the method Delphi and expert opinion were identified. In order to analyze the data, the cross-effects matrix (MICMAC) has been used, which finally has 13 key factors: security and peace of tourism, government budget related to tourism, allocation of financial resources in the tourism sector, entrepreneurship, strengthening the local economy, competition, Tourism offices, tourism institutions and travel agencies, holding festivals, existence of handicrafts, participation of citizens, environmental tolerance capacity, development of recreational and entertainment facilities, suitable location of business centers have the greatest impact on the state of tourism development in the city of Shush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The growth of urbanization and the globalization of the network of cities has made economic competition for promoting competitiveness between cities inevitable. When urban competitiveness is identified mainly with economic components, it leads to a limited understanding of urban competitiveness, which has negative consequences for policy-making because the rapid development of the urban economy is accompanied by increasing social and environmental problems in cities. In addition, given that globalization has provided a platform for the analysis of urban competitiveness, ignoring it will be incomplete subsequent analyses of urban competitiveness. The general fortune of metropolises in parts of the world, the environment of their activities are managed in the conditions of ever-increasing change, complexity and contradictions, therefore, in various fields, the power of decision-making can be examined in urban management, and during these changes, it is unprecedented, accepted. The current approach of urban management in the big cities of the country to urban development planning is mostly solutions for past problems. While these solutions once had relative validity, now they have lost their validity and have directly affected the increase of current problems. Because today cities are facing the phenomenon of globalization and they have to adapt themselves to globalization and use all their interests in order to have interactions with the global system and network of urban hierarchy while being influenced by them. Urban management in the 21st century requires familiarity with the dynamics of the city, especially understanding the changes in the city about the phenomenon of globalization. Because "today, cities are at the forefront of the development battle". The next generation will be replaced mostly in cities and this process has started in Iran since 1976-1986. Urban growth is both a threat and an opportunity. It is a threat if urban developments are not understood and a suitable strategy for managing cities in the long term is not prepared and formulated; there is an opportunity if after recognizing these developments, an urban management strategy is prepared and compiled, policies are designed according to it, policy tools are defined and executive levers are also identified. If the administration of the metropolis of Tabriz wants to coordinate itself with global developments and the phenomenon of globalization, it is required to know the dynamics of the city, get familiar with the governing mechanisms of the city, develop the strategy of the city administration and have the levers of urban management. Today, cities will not succeed unless they are at the global level, and being at the global level means being competitive at the level of the highest standards that are considered everywhere for goods, services, and the quality of life of people. Urban competitiveness means preparing to attract international, regional, and even local capital, improving urban economic indicators, having a knowledge-oriented city with educated and creative citizens, and increasing industrial, commercial, and commercial added value. (It should be noted that the added value and productivity in East Azarbaijan province is at a low level compared to the country and the reason is the lack and migration of skilled and specialized workers in the industrial and production fields), the growth of employment of workers with specialized skills, The improvement of commercial and commercial services, the growth of infrastructure and superstructures related to commerce, trade and housing, and finally the ability of strong management to advance goals and interact with the global network and international economy. Methodology: To measure sustainability with a competitiveness approach 33 different socioeconomic and physical indicators were used. At first, the indicators were entered into the geographic information system informationally and were compared with each other, then each component was weighted using the AHP model, and four cities were ranked in terms of sustainable development using the Vicor model. and at the end of MicMac software to extract the influencing matrix of indicators on each other with direct and indirect method of effective and key drivers such as population growth rate in the future, household dimensions, the amount of immigrants, the youth rate of the population, population density, increase The activity rate, the increase in literacy among men and women, the decrease in the unemployment rate and the decrease in the unemployment rate among educated people, as well as the decrease in the percentage of emigrants, were selected as factors and drivers affecting sustainable development. Location positions are divided into four types, each of which is placed in one of the four areas of effectiveness-reactivity. Two-dimensional variables have two common characteristics of influence and influence, and any change on these variables will affect and change other variables as well. These variables are placed in the northeastern part of the diagram and include (population youth ratio, population density, household size, population growth rate, incoming immigrants, outgoing immigrants, number of unemployed men, unemployed population of active people, amount of activity in the agricultural sector, industry and services). The adjusting variables are located near the center of gravity of the chart and can act as secondary levers of weak targets or "secondary risk" variables. Regulating variables according to the plan include (male and female literate population, relative share of employers). Independent variables are not affected by other variables of the system and do not affect them. These variables are located in the southern part of the diagram and have very little connection with the system, because they neither stop a main variable nor cause the evolution and progress of a variable in the system. These variables according to the plan include per capita uses (military, roads, facilities and urban equipment). Dependent variables are variables that have a small influence but a very high influence. Therefore, they are very sensitive to the evolution of influential and two-dimensional variables. These variables are the output of the system. According to the following plan, the dependent variables include (public sector wage earners, private sector wage earners and the relative share of employers, residential use per capita, cultural use per capita, industrial use per capita, educational use per capita). Results: A: Investigating the status of economic, social and cultural indicators of metropolises The ranking of metropolises was analyzed based on 33 economic, social and cultural indicators; So, in the economic indices, Mashhad city ranked first with a score of 0.000, Isfahan city ranked second with a score of 0.254, and Shiraz and Tabriz cities ranked third and fourth, respectively. In the study of social and cultural indicators, the city of Isfahan ranked first with a score of 0.40 in terms of the development of the social index, followed by the city of Tabriz at the 2nd place, Shiraz at the 3rd place, and Mashhad at the 4th place. In the examination of the physical indicators, Mashhad is ranked 1st in terms of physical development with a score of 0.00, and Isfahan is ranked 2nd, followed by Tabriz and finally Shiraz is ranked 4th.The findings of the research show that Mashhad metropolis is ranked 1st with an index of 0.00, Tabriz metropolis is ranked 4th with an index of 0.989, and Isfahan and Shiraz metropolises are ranked 2nd and 3rd with an index of 0.133 and 0.928, respectively. B: Stability-instability analysis of the system based on the impact plan and direct effectiveness The way the variables are distributed inside the diagram shows the level of stability or instability of the system. If the variables are placed as L in the diagram, the system is stable and this state of the system indicates the stability of the influencing variables and the continuity of their influence on other variables. If the variables are spread from the side of the coordinate axis to the end of the diagram and around it, the system is unstable and the lack of influential variables threatens the system. By examining the graph of the output of the research, it can be said that in the current situation, the sustainable urban development system is in an unstable condition. Discussion: The purpose of this research is to compare the indicators of sustainable urban development of four metropolises (Tabriz, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz) and to investigate the place of Tabriz metropolis among the three metropolises of Shiraz, Isfahan and Mashhad in terms of development and also how Tabriz metropolis achieves It is the real historical position; Finally, presenting comprehensive proposals as integration, comprehensiveness and inclusion of various aspects of the development of the Tabriz metropolis in various scientific fields, knowledge-based technologies and cultural, social and economic development in the framework of the spatial development of the competitiveness of the Tabriz metropolis in The regional and national arena will be considered. Conclusion: In terms of competitiveness, cities have different characteristics that are rooted in the competitive advantages of that city, if these advantages are emphasized in planning at different urban and national levels, cities not only economically but also socially and physically environmentally They will be capable and will lead to the sustainable development of cities. If Tabriz metropolis wants to achieve its real position in the national and regional arenas in the future, it is inevitable to have strategies for the sustainable competitiveness of this city in all activity, scientific-cultural, technological and development, service fields, physical, commercial, commercial, etc., centered on a knowledge-based city and creative, cultured, and responsible citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction land reduction (CLR) is an effective instrument to improve intensive land use, restrict the expansion of construction land, safeguard the requisition-compensation balance of construction land in China, and realize sustainable development. But multiple risks arise from the process of construction land reduction. In that case, identifying and analyzing the key risks of CLR is the prerequisite for formulating practical policy guidelines. This study is conducted to identify the risk factors of CLR and analyze these risks based on expert opinion. Initially, the original risk factors are sourced from existing literature. In order to tailor them to China's specific context, the Delphi method is employed to systematically refine risk definitions, consolidate similar risk elements, and identify any previously unrecognized risks in the literature. Following an in-depth review of the literature, we create a contextual relationship-based model employing an integrated technique of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis. Based on the ISM and MICMAC analysis, five key risks were identified, and the prevention strategies and policy recommendations for CLR project risks are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-rise construction is one of the important approaches of the big cities of the world, which has become popular due to the increasing population growth, scarcity and high cost of land, and horizontal development of cities. One of the most important dimensions that has influenced the process of high-rise construction is the environmental dimension. For this reason, this study was done to evaluate the environmental effects of high-rise development in Ahvaz city using futurology approach. This study is practical in terms of its purpose and analytical-exploratory in terms of its nature and method. To collect the data, a questionnaire and Delphi technique and document-library studies were used. The findings showed that among the 33 main factors affecting the environmental sustainability of high-rise construction in Ahvaz city, 18 variables are key and influential factors. The variables that have the most influence on the environmental future of high-rise development in Ahvaz city are population factors, attention to the economic values of recycling, access to sunlight, bicycles, lack of urban parks and open spaces, temperature, humidity, wind, touch, compliance of environmental laws with the landscape, ecological elements, land and soil conditions, pedestrian crossing, topography and geology, development of environmental diplomacy plans, smell, public transportation, and socio-cultural issues. Due to the high influence of the microclimatic and socio-cultural factors regarding environmental sustainability on the high-rise building process by Ahvaz city officials, considering the issues can determine the success or failure of the sustainable environmental indicators of Ahvaz city high-rise development. Finally, solutions are suggested to improve the current situation, which require the serious attention of managers and urban planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the importance of logistics management has been increasingly realized in industry and society. However, current educational approaches in logistics management seem unable to effectively equip students with the necessary skills to cope with practical issues after graduation. Recently, contest-based education has attracted logistics management educators' attention, but how it can be effectively utilized in this discipline is largely unclear. To fill this gap, this study followed a system approach and analyzed the factors influencing student performance in logistics management contests in China using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and Matrice d' Impacts Croisés-Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC). The results suggest that the driving forces for improving student performance in contests are the instructors' encouragement and their previous experience in instructing contests. Also, the contestants' previous experience in academic contests, team leadership, and effectiveness of communication between instructors and contestants are critical influencing factors. Based on the results, the educational strategies for effective utilization of contest-based education in logistics management are discussed. This study contributes to the existing literature by using a system modeling approach to clarify the mechanisms of contest-based education adoption in logistics management as well as informing university teachers and higher education institutes about strategies to improve their education quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The substantial amount of food waste generated in Sragen Regency due to inadequate food loss and waste (FLW) management has a detrimental impact on the environment. This study aims to analyze the efforts to optimize FLW management, examine the relationships between variables, and assess stakeholder synergy in accelerating FLW management to support the implementation of a circular economy in the Sragen Regency. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, with data analysis conducted using MICMAC and MACTOR methodologies. The MICMAC analysis results indicate that stakeholder relationships, waste prevention, location factors, cultural factors, and community scale are the core variables for accelerating improvements in FLW management. In contrast, the MACTOR analysis identifies the Environmental Agency (DLH), Kecik Waste Bank, and Si Repi Waste Bank as the primary stakeholders in these efforts. Additionally, the MACTOR analysis highlights changes in community behavior and the utilization of FLW in the circular economy as primary objectives agreed upon by all stakeholders. The findings from the MICMAC and MACTOR analyses provide a basis and reference for determining the model and grand design of an FLW management acceleration strategy to support the implementation of a circular economy in the Sragen Regency.

The construction industry consumes significant resources, emits considerable pollutants, and generates substantial waste. Green, Lean, Six Sigma (GLS) is an emerging paradigm to control waste, carbon footprint, resource conservation, non-value-added activities, and cost. However, limited focus has been given to the risks involved in GLS construction projects (GLSCPs). This research explored risk factors (RFs) to GLSCPs based on literature review and expert judgments. Brainstorming sessions were conducted to validate the RFs and establish mutual interactions among them through experts' opinions. A 4-level structural model was extracted through Interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The Matriced Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliqée a UN Classement (MICMAC) was integrated to assess the ‘driving’ and ‘dependence’ power of the RFs. The results show that all RFs are crucial and impact GLSCPs, but the most critical are ‘unstable inflation,’ ‘fluctuations in interest rate,’ and ‘fluctuations in exchange rate.’ This study enhances managers' and policymakers' understanding of RFs associated with GLSCPs and supports effective risk management for successful GLS implementation in construction projects.

PURPOSE: Start-ups are widely acknowledged as crucial catalysts for innovation and drivers of economic progress. However, their vulnerability to failure continues to pose a persistent and significant obstacle. In light of this, the study intends to ascertain the various elements responsible for the elevated incidence of start-up failures and examine their contextual associations. It further aims to establish the hierarchical structure and identify the crucial factors of start-up failure. METHODOLOGY: The paper uses the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach to determine the structural hierarchy and interconnections among the causes of start-up failures identified through the comprehensive analysis of existing literature and experts’ opinions. MICMAC (Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification) analysis is also being utilized to categorize these identified failure causes into autonomous, independent, dependent, and linking factors by their driving and dependency powers. FINDINGS: A structural framework depicting the interrelationships among the factors has been derived, showing the failure factor, ‘poor market positioning’ factor at the highest level, and the ‘lack of entrepreneurial efficiency’ at the lowest level of the model. The results also revealed that lack of entrepreneurial efficiency, poor management, and external environmental issues are the most significant independent factors upon which all other failure factors rely. It also categorizes ‘poor market positioning’ as the dependent factor, signifying its passive role in the failure of start-ups. IMPLICATIONS: As previous literature has discussed the various factors responsible for the failure of start-ups in isolation, the current study fills out the gap in the literature by establishing linkages among those factors. The study’s insights emphasize the value of effective management teams and entrepreneurial skills in averting start-up failures. It highlights the importance of skill development and mentorship to enhance the capabilities of entrepreneurs and their teams. Furthermore, the research indicates that policymakers and support groups can create focus initiatives addressing issues like market validation, team dynamics, and financial management to enhance the start-up environment. These initiatives may encompass entrepreneurship training, financial assistance, and mentorship through the ‘Start-up India’ Program, Bharat Fund platform, etc. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Previous studies on entrepreneurial failure are based on AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process), content analysis, and quality management methodologies. This is potentially the first study using the ISM-MICMAC approach that explores the complex world of start-up failures in India and illustrates the relative influence and interdependence of various failure factors of start-ups through a hierarchical model.

Supply chain resilience (SCRE) has emerged as a critical capability for mitigating the challenges posed by supply chain risks and vulnerabilities. To address the question of how businesses can enhance SCRE via the integration of organizational, technological, and environmental factors, this paper aims to develop a hierarchical model based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. The model utilizes Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to analyze the hierarchical relationships among these enablers. By assessing the driving power and dependence power of these enablers, a classification is derived using the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification (MICMAC) method. This study focuses on five selected enablers and presents a streamlined framework along with six propositions to validate their impact on SCRE. The findings of this developed framework offer valuable insights into the critical strategies that practitioners can employ to enhance SCRE, ensuring uninterrupted operations even in dynamic and complex environments. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on SCRE, providing a structured framework for organizations to navigate the challenges of an ever-changing business landscape.

Green construction practices (GCPs) are essential for the construction industry to achieve carbon neutral and sustainable development. However, the promotion of GCPs faces multifaceted challenges, particularly within the context of recent global uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic has wrought substantial disruption upon the construction sector, which makes it a good candidate as a case study for enhancing future risk management strategies. Currently, there is limited research on the factors influencing GCPs in the global uncertainty context. To bridge this research gap, this study first identifies 26 factors affecting GCPs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through a comprehensive literature review. Subsequently, based on feedback from 22 experts, Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement (MICMAC) methodologies are adopted to illustrate the intricate relationships among influencing factors and further classify their relative importance. The results underscore the pivotal role of factors such as technology development, the difficulty of construction, materials, and equipment performance, as well as identify 13 factors that have a fundamental impact. This research provides insights for decision-makers to enhance risk management strategies for GCPs in the global uncertainty context, prioritize the determinants, and facilitate the optimal allocation of resources to advance GCPs.

Systemic risks are creating new, unsolved challenges for risk governance to bring about potential harm with broad, cross-department or transnational impact in the absence of risk supervision. Taking national security as an example, this paper presents a cross-field scenario system to aware systematic risks. In the coupling context of epidemic prevention and control, multi-field scenarios are considered to recognize international relations (IR), and their interactions are established systematically. Drawing from relevant studies, 15 factors are summarized from 6 fields. A six-level hierarchical structure of factors is constructed using the interpretive structural modeling. Next, the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification is utilized to further understand the dependency power of each factor. The results show that a complicated cross-field interaction exists in these factors. Political System and Globalization are root factors of IR. Our findings suggest that: (a) strengthening the supervision on three direct factors, including Exchange Rate, Military Load and International Communication Capacity, can help to recognize the change of IR timely and improve forewarning of national security; (b) appropriate interventions in strong driving factors like Combined Polity Score, Participation of International Organizations, Globalization Index, Net Import of Energy, and Global Innovation Index can adjust the bilateral relations for the better. This study will not only provide theoretical support for the complex IR analysis, but also provide decision-making support for systemic risk response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]