1. Bacille Calmette-Guérin: An ophthalmic perspective
- Author
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Julie Vadboncoeur, Jyotirmay Biswas, Manish Jain, and Sunir J. Garg
- Subjects
MHC, Major histocompatibility antigen ,VKH disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease ,Bacille Calmette-Guérin ,IL-13, Interleukin-13 ,Autoimmunity ,IL-5, Interleukin-5 ,Bacille Calmette Guerin ,Eye ,medicine.disease_cause ,trained immunity ,Covid-19, Corona virus disease 2019 ,IL-2, Interleukin-2 ,ACE2, Angiotensin converting enzyme ,TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,PPD, Purified protein derivative ,ADEM, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ,BCG, Bacille Calmette-Guérin ,IL-10, Interleukin-10 ,IL-9, Interleukin-9 ,endophthalmitis ,ED, Eales' disease ,IRBP, Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein ,BCG Vaccine ,NMIBC, Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ,Retinal-S Ag, Retinal soluble antigen ,Angiotensin converting enzyme ,Uveitis ,IL-8, Interleukin-8 ,IRU, Immune recovery uveitis ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,SARS CoV-2 ,Heterologous ,Adverse drug events ,IBCG, Intravesical BCG ,LT-α, Lymphotoxin-α ,Article ,IGRA, Interferon gamma release assay ,FAP, Fibronectin attachment protein ,CRALBP, Cellular retinal-binding protein ,heterologous immunity ,APC, Antigen presenting cells ,Il-4, Interleukin-4 ,Immunity ,medicine ,Humans ,LPS, Lipopolysachharide ,SARS CoV-2, Severe acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus -2 ,CFA, Complete Freund's Adjuvant ,IL-6, Interleukin-6 ,Innate immune system ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,EPI, Expanded Programme of Immunization ,medicine.disease ,Immunity, Innate ,Ophthalmology ,IFN-γ, Interferon –γ ,Immunology ,GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ,Cytokine storm ,business ,IRIS, Immune reconstitution inflammatory Syndrome ,HLA, Human leucocyte antigens - Abstract
Vaccines such as bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are known for their heterologous effects mediated through a number of mechanisms, including trained immunity constituted by monocyte-macrophage based innate immunity. Other events such as direct hematogenous spread and induction of autoimmunity are also described. There has been a resurgent interest in harnessing some of the benefits of trained immunity in the management of COVID-19, even as several specific vaccines have been approved. We summarize the current knowledge of ocular effects of BCG. Potential effect of granulomatous inflammation on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and accentuation of cytokine storm that may result in undesirable ocular and systemic effects are also discussed.
- Published
- 2022