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Introdução: O Linfoma Folicular (LF), um tipo de Linfoma Não-Hodgkin (LNH), caracterizado por ser uma doença indolente, cujas manifestações clínicas (febre, sudorese noturna, perda ponderal, adenomegalia e distúrbios da hematopoiese) são encontradas em estágios mais avançados da doença. Relato de caso: Homem de 52 anos, buscou atendimento devido a surgimento de nodulação em ângulo de mandíbula direita há aproximadamente dois meses com crescimento progressivo nesse período. O paciente negava febre, sudorese noturna e perda ponderal. Não tinha nenhum outro sintoma associado. Como antecedentes patológicos pregressos, o paciente era tabagista e tinha como comorbidades dislipidemia e ansiedade. Procedeu-se à investigação diagnóstica com a realização de uma ressonância magnética de seios da face que evidenciou nódulo sólido no lobo superficial da parótida direita, com aspecto de imagem inespecífico, com sinais que comumente estão relacionados com lesão sem agressividade biológica. Foi realizada uma biópsia incisional guiada por ultrassom de nodulação em glândula parótida compatível com Linfoma Não-Hodgkin Folicular grau 3A, com Ki-67 de 50 a 60% pela imunohistoquímica e com pesquisa negativa para EBV por hibridização in situ. Para estadiamento do linfoma, foi realizado PET-CT, que evidenciou apenas lesão nodular sólida na porção superficial da glândula parótida direita (2,8 × 2,2cm) com acentuada atividade metabólica (SUV = 15). Realizou-se também biópsia de medula óssea, que não demonstrou infiltração medular pelo linfoma. Dessa forma, definiu-se que o paciente apresentava como diagnóstico um LNH Folicular grau 3A, com estadiamento clínico IA (localizado na glândula parótida). Tendo em vista que a lesão apresentava alto SUV, optou-se por iniciar esquema de tratamento para Linfomas B agressivos localizados. Dessa forma, iniciou-se o protocolo de tratamento SWOG 0014, onde foram realizados três ciclos de R-CHOP (Ciclofosfamida 750 mg/m2, Doxorrubicina 50 mg/m2, Prednisona 100 mg, Rituximab 375mg/m2), seguidos por radioterapia local com 40 Gy. Após o término do tratamento, foi realizado novo PET-CT com classificação de Lugano Deauville 1, configurando status de Resposta Completa após o protocolo. O paciente segue clinicamente bem, sem queixas, três meses após o término do tratamento. Discussão: A ocorrência do LF na região das glândulas parótidas, como sítio primário, é rara, correspondendo a 1-4% de todos os tumores que possam atingir esta região. Apesar da ausência de demais sintomas do LNH, a classificação histopatológica como um LNH grau 3A, o resultado do SUV do PET-CT, e sua apresentação rara, foram os critérios para a escolha do protocolo SWOG 0014. Neste protocolo, o tratamento foi direcionado para casos de Linfomas B agressivos (Linfoma Difuso, Linfoma Manto, Burkitt's e Burkitt-Like), não incluindo o LF. No entanto, mesmo com a ausência de estudos direcionados, a aplicação do tratamento para este caso obteve uma excelente resposta, e sua incomum ocorrência deve ser relatada para referência em outros possíveis casos. Conclusão: Dessa maneira, a raridade de ocorrência do LNH na região parotídea e sua resposta completa à utilização do protocolo SWOG 0014, mostra sua eficácia e tolerância. Assim, há a possibilidade de abertura de novos estudos para compreensão das apresentações atípicas e de estratégias terapêuticas eficazes para o tratamento de LF, além de sua aplicabilidade em casos semelhantes.

Objetivo: Analisar e descrever a distribuição epidemiológica dos Transplantes de Medula Óssea (TMO) na Região Centro-Oeste (CO), de 2013 a 2022, com a proposta de identificar padrões e desigualdades dentro da região e em comparação às demais para entender melhor possíveis dificuldades locais e estabelecer estratégias de melhorias e facilitadores para a sua realização. Materiais e métodos: Foi efetuado um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, analisando os dados quantitativos, referentes aos TMO realizados na região Centro-Oeste, no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2022. Utilizou-se a base de dados do Sistema Nacional de Transplantes para acesso das informações detalhadas dos transplantes realizados e suas quantidades. Resultados: Os transplantes, na região CO, variaram de 55 em 2013 a 200 em 2022, com um total de 1285, sendo a quarta em número de transplantes em comparação às outras regiões, representando apenas 4,78%. A unidade da federação com o maior número de transplantes da região foi o Distrito Federal (68,2%), seguido de Goiás (31,8%). Os estados Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul não fizeram nenhum tipo de transplante. Foram realizados TMO autólogos, alogênicos aparentados e alogênicos não aparentados, respectivamente: Distrito Federal - 693, 143, 41 e Goiás - 316, 92, 0. Discussão: Dentre os três estados e o Distrito Federal, 50% não possuem Centro de Tratamento para TMO, sendo eles o Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. Isso obriga os pacientes a se deslocarem para outros estados, a fim de realizarem os tratamentos. Em relação às possíveis causas, pode-se mencionar a diferença de médicos hematologistas entre os estados, sendo que o Distrito Federal - o qual realizou mais Transplantes de Células Troncos Hematopoiéticas (TCTH) no Brasil por milhão de população em 2022- possui um número de profissionais maior em comparação ao Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. Nota-se também que o Distrito Federal possui dez centros especializados no TCTH, fator facilitador para o atendimento. Outro fator reside em determinantes geográficos, sendo que a capital do país está no Distrito Federal, contribuindo para o destino de recursos materiais e humanos, dificultando a criação de novos Centros de Tratamento em outros estados. Conclusão: O TMO é uma ferramenta terapêutica de fundamental importância para várias patologias, por vezes a única chance de cura para os pacientes que necessitam. Apesar disso, após a análise comparativa, foi possível observar não só uma significativa inferioridade entre CO e as outras regiões do país, quanto uma grande disparidade entre as confederações da própria região. Para que a redução da iniquidade regional seja alcançada, há urgência do direcionamento de investimentos e profissionais aptos a realizar o TMO para os estados do CO que ainda não o realizam.

Objetivo: Revisar e analisar as características epidemiológicas da anemia na região Centro-Oeste (CO), com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco e os padrões de incidência, visando à implementação de estratégias eficazes para controlar a progressão da doença. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado na região CO com base em dados fornecidos pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. O período investigado abrangeu de 2013 a 2023 e a coleta foi realizada em maio de 2024. A pesquisa centrou-se nos casos diagnosticados de anemia, examinando variáveis como faixa etária, cor/raça, sexo e o estado com maior incidência. Resultados: Durante o período analisado, foram diagnosticados 28.415.326 casos de anemia. A faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos representa a maior morbidade, com 11,1% (3.157.326) dos casos. Em relação a etnia, a raça parda foi a maior acometida, com 47,7% (13.570.496) do total de casos. Quanto a incidência por sexo, as mulheres foram as mais afetadas, com um total de 52,4% (14.908.224). O estado de Goiás teve destaque em relação à morbidade, representando 37,89% (10.767.479) dos casos. Discussão: A partir dos resultados, pode-se explicar a maior incidência de morbidade entre os pacientes de 60 a 69 anos (11,1%) por deficiências nutricionais, tendo a anemia ferropriva como a principal causa, além da anemia da doença crônica e pelas anemias ditas inexplicadas, caracterizada predominantemente pela síndrome mielodisplásica, e também pelos sangramentos do trato gastrointestinal. Segundo o censo demográfico de 2022, 52,4% da população do CO se identifica como parda, o que pode justificar o valor encontrado por esta pesquisa (47,7%), além da disparidade socioeconômica que afeta o acesso aos cuidados de saúde por essa população. O fator genético também influencia, dado que a anemia falciforme e as talassemias são mais frequentes na população parda. As mulheres possuem maior predomínio (52,4%), o que se explica pela alta demanda de ferro decorrente das perdas menstruais durante a idade fértil. Já na pós-menopausa evidencia-se os sangramentos gastrointestinais. O estado de Goiás obteve a maior taxa de morbidade (37,89%), reflexo de sua população ser a maior do CO, segundo o último censo, e também ser a que mais procura e consegue atendimento médico no Brasil, segundo o Programa Nacional de Saúde de 2019, caracterizando uma infraestrutura em saúde eficiente, porém com poucas práticas de prevenção. Conclusão: A análise revelou maior morbidade na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos, possivelmente devido a deficiências nutricionais e doenças crônicas. Há maior prevalência de anemia na população parda, refletindo a composição demográfica da região, disparidades socioeconômicas e fatores genéticos. As mulheres foram mais afetadas, principalmente devido às perdas menstruais e condições associadas à pós-menopausa. Goiás destacou-se com as maiores taxas de morbidade, o que reflete sua maior população e melhor acesso a serviços de saúde, mas aponta carência de práticas preventivas eficazes. As políticas de saúde no CO devem focar na detecção precoce e tratamento da anemia, especialmente em idosos, mulheres em idade fértil e população parda. Educação em saúde e melhor acesso a cuidados médicos são essenciais para reduzir a incidência e complicações da doença.

Objetivos: Revisar e descrever as características epidemiológicas do Linfoma Não Hodgkin (LNH) no Centro-Oeste (CO), com a proposta de identificar os fatores de risco e padrões de incidência que, posteriormente, podem ser alvos de estratégias novas de rastreio para diagnóstico precoce. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado na região CO, com dados obtidos a partir do DATASUS. Foram analisados dados do período 2018-2023, a coleta de informações ocorreu em fevereiro de 2024. O estudo foi baseado nos casos onde foi diagnosticado o LNH, tendo como variáveis analisadas: faixa etária, sexo, ano do diagnóstico, tempo de tratamento, região do diagnóstico, unidade federativa do diagnóstico e modalidade terapêutica. Resultados: No período analisado, foram documentados 41.532 casos de LNH no Brasil. A região que apresentou maior quantidade de novos diagnósticos foi a Sudeste, com 44,9% (n = 18.688), em contrapartida, a CO representou apenas 5,9% (n = 2.491) dos casos. Dentre estes, percebe-se uma predominância no sexo masculino, 54,5% (n = 1.358), em relação ao feminino, 45,5% (n = 1.133). Quanto à faixa etária, tem um maior acometimento na população de 60 a 64 anos, com 12% (n = 305) dos casos e uma menor incidência entre a de 20 a 24 anos, com 3% (n= 76). Em relação ao tratamento mais empregado, observa-se o uso da quimioterapia em 71,6% (n = 1.786). Quanto ao tempo de tratamento, verificou-se que 36,6% (n = 914) dos casos duraram até 30 dias, enquanto uma duração superior a 60 dias foi observada em 26% (n = 652) destes. Durante o período, o ano de 2019 foi o de maior incidência, com 554 novos casos, enquanto que 2018 apresentou somente 307. Discussão: Os resultados analisados mostram uma discrepância na quantidade de casos de LNH entre as diferentes regiões do Brasil, que está diretamente relacionada à densidade demográfica e desenvolvimento de cada região. Nota-se que a região CO, caracterizada pela densidade demográfica reduzida e pelo desenvolvimento regular em saúde, apresenta números inferiores tanto de diagnóstico, quanto de tratamento. A faixa etária mais acometida pelo LNH está associada à senescência, sendo este processo reconhecido pela Associação Brasileira de Linfoma e Leucemia (ABRALE). No quesito tratamento do LNH, a predominância da quimioterapia é destacada, junto a sua eficácia. Apesar disso, é necessária uma abordagem individualizada para cada paciente. Embora a maioria dos tratamentos tenha duração de até 30 dias, é notória a proporção significativa de pacientes que requerem tratamento prolongado. Conclusão: A análise do perfil epidemiológico do LNH na região CO revelou importantes informações acerca dos padrões de incidência e do tratamento da doença. A região estudada, ao ocupar o penúltimo lugar entre os casos diagnosticados, evidencia a relação entre densidade demográfica/desenvolvimento regional e a incidência dos casos, destacando a necessidade de políticas públicas nas áreas com menor acesso aos centros de referência e maior investimento nas áreas de maior população.

Introdução: A transfusão de sangue e hemocomponentes é uma tecnologia relevante na terapêutica moderna e comprovadamente eficaz. Durante a transfusão podem ocorrer reações transfusionais que são definidas como agravos ocorridos durante ou após a transfusão sanguínea, e a ela relacionados. Logo, para segurança na administração do sangue depende de profissionais capacitado, o que viabilizará a qualidade no ciclo do sangue e uma maior segurança dos pacientes submetidos à está terapia. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de uma ação educativa sobre a importância do conhecimento da equipe multiprofissional e de enfermagem quanto aos tipos de reação transfusional imediatas. Realizada no mês de abril de 2023 com a equipe multiprofissional de residentes de urgência e emergia e onco-hematologias e acadêmicos de enfermagem do ultimo ano de graduação do Hospital Santa Marcelina (SP). Baseou-se a metodologia da problematização com o arco de maguerez que se constitui em cinco etapas: observação da realidade, pontos chaves, teorização, hipótese de solução e aplicação. A observação da realidade foi realizada por uma residente de enfermagem do Programa Multiprofissional em Onco-hematologia durante os cenários de prática. Os pontos chaves catalogados foram discutidos com a enfermeira tutora do programa de residência. Seguidamente, desenvolve-se a teorização através da leitura das bibliografias disponíveis sobre o tema, no qual fundamentou as hipóteses de soluções. Por fim, se deu a aplicação por meio de uma aula expositiva com slides e integração da equipe. Resultados: No decorrer da etapa de observação notou-se o pouco conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar e de enfermagem sobre hemoterapia e reações transfusionais. Como pontos chaves, identificou-se a importância da temática para discussão e conhecimento de todos pois conseguir identificar um potencial reação imediata reduz morbidades ao paciente. A fundamentação teórica corroborou para embasar a apresentação e discussão sobre a temática como proposta da hipótese de solução. Durante a última etapa (aplicação), fazendo uso da aula expositiva e roda de conversa, discutiu-se o conceito de hemoterapia, o que é hemovigilância, classificação das reações transfusionais, tipos de reações imediatas, sinais e sintomas de alerta e ao identificar uma potencial reação, o que se deve fazer ao suspeitar de uma reação transfusional imediata. A maioria dos profissionais presentes opinaram da importância da temática pois algumas reações podem gerar danos e agravos aos pacientes, e a equipe de enfermagem não tem condições de acompanhar uma transfusão completa ao lado do paciente, contudo, outros profissionais podem estar presentes no momento da reação. Conclusão: A experiência contribuiu para difundir o conhecimento sobre hemoterapia, sendo que este assunto é deficiente na maioria dos cursos. À vista disso, faz-se necessário atualizações e sensibilização tanto dos profissionais da enfermagem como os demais profissionais da saúde, a fim de reduzir complicações para os pacientes e ofertar os primeiros atendimentos caso o enfermeiro ou equipe de enfermagem não esteja presente no momento.

The progression of periodontal disease (PD) involves the action of oxidative stress mediators. Antioxidant agents may potentially attenuate the development of this condition. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of humic acid (HA), extracted from biomass vermicomposting, on redox status and parameters related to PD progression in rats. Fifty-four adult male Wistar rats were distributed into six experimental groups (control; PD; PD + 40 mg/kg of HA; PD + 80 mg/kg of HA; PD + 160 mg/kg of HA; PD + 320 mg/kg of HA). HA was administered by gavage for 28 days, and PD was induced by ligature on the mandibular first molars on the 14th day of treatment. After euthanasia, alveolar bone loss, oxidative stress in the gum and erythrocytes, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine were analyzed. Animals treated with HA showed less bone loss at the dose of 80 mg/kg compared to the untreated PD group (p < 0.05). Animals treated with HA at doses higher than 80 mg/kg showed improvements in local and systemic redox status parameters (total antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric reactive substances, carbonyl derivatives, and superoxide dismutase) compared to the PD group (p < 0.05). Treatment with HA reduced serum levels of creatinine (at doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg) and AST (at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg) compared to the PD group (p < 0.05). HA treatment attenuated alveolar bone loss and improved local and systemic oxidative stress parameters in ligature-induced PD rats., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Current treatments for retinal disorders are anti-angiogenic agents, laser photocoagulation, and photodynamic therapies. These conventional treatments focus on reducing abnormal blood vessel formation in the retina, which, in a low-oxygen environment, can lead to harmful proliferation of endothelial cells. This results in dysfunctional, leaky blood vessels that cause retinal edema, hemorrhage, and vision loss. Age-related Macular Degeneration is a primary cause of vision loss and blindness in the elderly, impacting around 20% of those over 50 years old. This complex disease is also closely related to oxidative stress in retina. In this review, we explore the challenge of treating retinal diseases, alternatives and possibilities of enhancing the effectiveness of therapies using co-delivery systems containing both antiangiogenic and antioxidant therapeutic agents. Despite recent proposals potential, the lack of extensive clinical studies on the long-term outcomes and optimal combinations of therapies means that the full risk profile and effectiveness of combined therapy are not yet completely understood. These factors must be carefully considered and managed by healthcare providers to optimize treatment outcomes and ensure patient safety., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Consent to publish: All authors agree to publish this article in Drug Delivery and Translational Research., (© 2024. Controlled Release Society.)

Objectives: Periodontitis (PD) has the potential to induce systemic changes that affect both physical and behavioral aspects. These alterations may be associated with changes in both the inflammatory profile and the oxidative stress status of individuals with PD. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PD on oxidative stress, as well as on behavioral parameters and cognitive impairment, in a preclinical model., Material and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to PD and sham groups. PD was induced by the ligature protocol for 14 days. Behavioral tests were initiated on the 9th day of the experiment to evaluate anxious behavior and cognition (learning and memory). After euthanasia, oxidative stress was evaluated in the gums, blood, hippocampus, and amygdala. Alveolar bone loss, bone microstructure, and elemental compositions of the mandibular bone were also assessed., Results: PD increased alveolar bone loss, reduced the calcium and phosphorus content in the mandibular bone, and increased anxiety-like behavior and cognitive decline (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PD significantly affected the redox balance, as evidenced by increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the gingiva and hippocampus (p < 0.05). It also led to increased lipid peroxidation in the gingiva and erythrocytes (p < 0.05), decreased antioxidant defenses in erythrocytes (superoxide dismutase) and the hippocampus (catalase), and increased antioxidant activity (catalase) in the amygdala (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: PD resulted in cognitive alterations, including impairments in spatial learning and memory, as well as increased anxious behavior, likely due to redox imbalance in rats., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim was to investigate the effects of different volumes of strength training (ST) in association with photobiomodulation (PBMt) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance (IR). Male Swiss albino mice were fed HFD and performed high- or low-volume (one-third) ST (3 days/week), associated with PBMt (660 nm + 850 nm; ~42 J delivered) or not (lights off). ST improved IR, lowered visceral adiposity and circulating cytokines, and increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial activity. The smaller volume of ST did not interfere with the improvement in IR, mitochondrial activity, or inflammatory profile, but exerted a smaller effect on visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Association with PBMt further improved IR, regardless of ST volume, although it did not affect adiposity, mitochondrial activity, and the inflammatory profile. Interestingly, PBMt positively affected quadriceps, but attenuated gluteus maximus hypertrophy. The association with PBMt induced greater improvement than ST alone., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) leads to the destruction of supportive tissues through an inflammatory response induced by biofilm accumulation. This low-grade systemic inflammation from PD increases the risk of comorbidities. Among potential therapeutic agents for PD, humic acids (HAs) are notable for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying HA doses on PD progression in an experimental model. Methods: Fifty-four Wistar rats were assigned to six groups (n = 8 each): control, PD, PD + 40 mg/kg HA, PD + 80 mg/kg HA, PD + 160 mg/kg HA, and PD + 320 mg/kg HA. HA from vermicompost was administered daily by gavage for 28 days, with PD induced by ligature on day 14. Post-euthanasia, mandibular samples were analyzed histomorphometrically for bone loss and osteocyte density. Alveolar bone topography and elemental composition were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Renal and hepatic tissues were assessed histopathologically. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Results: HA-treated animals showed reduced epithelial attachment loss and alveolar bone loss, with improved bone quality parameters, such as reduced pore number and diameter and increased osteocyte density compared to the PD group. Renal lesions observed in PD animals were mitigated at 40 and 80 mg/kg HA doses. Conclusions: HA treatment improves alveolar bone integrity and, at lower doses, reduces PD-induced renal lesions.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Background and Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pain and joint mobility outcomes in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), being that effective treatments are of clinical interest. We aimed to evaluate the effects of manual therapy (MT) and dry needling (DN), compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy/control (CO), on pain, articular mobility, and fear of COVID-19 in patients with TMD., Materials and Methods: Sixty participants with myofascial TMD were randomly assigned to three groups: MT, DN, and CO. Participants received four weeks of treatment (30 min per week). The participants completed the Fear of COVID- 19 Scale, the Visual Analog Scale, and mandibular mobility was assessed. Data were collected before the intervention (T1), after the last treatment session (T2), and 30 days after the end of treatment (T3). The data were analyzed using two-way Mixed-Design ANOVA, considering the group effect (DN x MT x CO), time (T1, T2, and T3), and the interaction time × group in the observed variance of outcomes., Results: We observed an interaction effect of time × group for maximum mouth opening, protrusion, and pain. The maximum mouth opening increased in the DN and MT groups (p = 0.005), while protrusion increased in the DN group (p = 0.007; test power = 97%, large effect size). A decrease in pain scores over time was observed in the DN and MT groups (p < 0.001; test power>99%, large effect size). The fear of COVID-19 score decreased in the DN and MT groups after 30 days (p = 0.033)., Conclusion: DN and MT improve pain, joint mobility, and fear of COVID-19 in patients with TMD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on periodontitis (PD) progression and behavioural outcomes., Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: non-trained (NT); non-trained with PD; HIIT with PD; and HIIT. The HIIT protocol, involving daily treadmill sessions, spanned 8 weeks, with PD induced by ligature after the 6th week. Behavioural tests were conducted to assess anxiety and memory. Post euthanasia, we evaluated the systemic inflammatory profile and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus and amygdala. A morphological evaluation and elemental composition analysis of the mandibular alveolar bone were performed., Results: PD exacerbated alveolar bone level, bone surface damage and alterations in calcium and phosphorus percentages on the bone surface (p < .05), while HIIT attenuated these changes (p < .05). HIIT improved systemic inflammatory markers altered by PD (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-10, TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-10 ratios, p < .05). PD animals exhibited lower total antioxidant capacity and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively (p < .05). HIIT maintained these parameters at levels similar to those in NT animals. HIIT improved anxiety and memory outcomes altered by PD (p < .05)., Conclusions: HIIT attenuates systemic inflammation, anxiety and memory outcomes promoted by PD., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Multiple short daily bouts of HIIT are more effective than single daily sessions in improving cardiometabolic and cellular adaptations in rats. We hypothesize that a short period of detraining is sufficient to abolish the superior adaptive responses to multiple versus single daily sessions of HIIT in rats. Male rats were divided into untrained, 1xHIIT, and 3xHIIT groups. Over eight weeks, the 1xHIIT group performed 115 min single daily sessions of HIIT, while the 3xHIIT group performed three 5 min sessions with 4 h intervals. After training, both groups remained sedentary for four weeks (detraining). Resting oxygen consumption (VO2), body composition, glucose/insulin tolerance, and blood pressure were recorded. After euthanasia, cardiac function/histology and gastrocnemius mitochondrial density were analyzed. After training, both 1xHIIT and 3xHIIT protocols induced similar improvements in VO2, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), cardiac function/hypertrophy, and gastrocnemius mitochondrial density. These effects were maintained even after detraining. Only the 3xHIIT protocol improved insulin sensitivity. After detraining, this effect was abolished. After training, both 1xHIIT and 3xHIIT protocols reduced adiposity. After detraining, the adiposity increased in both groups, with a more pronounced increase in the 3xHIIT rats. A four-week detraining period abolishes the superior adaptive responses to multiple versus single daily HIIT sessions in rats.

Antipsychotics (APs) have been increasingly prescribed for psychiatric disorders from schizophrenia to disruptive behavioral conditions. These drugs have been associated with considerable side effects, such as weight gain, and increasing evidence has also indicated that its use impacts gut microbiota (GM), although this connection is still little understood. To assess APs effects on the GM of patients starting or ongoing treatment, a systematic review was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases. Twelve articles were considered eligible for the review, which investigated the effects of risperidone (5 studies), quetiapine (3), amilsupride (1), olanzapine (1), and unspecified atypical drugs (2). Eleven reported changes in GM in response to APs, and associations between the abundance of bacterial groups and different metabolic parameters were described by most of them. However, the studies were noticeably heterogeneous considering design, methods, and results. In this way, the effects of APs on GM composition and diversity were inconclusive. Despite the uncertain interactions, a more comprehensive understanding on how microbiota is affected by APs may help to optimize treatment, potentially minimizing side effects and improving adherence to treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, I do inform and assume the whole responsibility that there is no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin action is impaired, and an acute bout of strength exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. Current guidelines for strength exercise prescription suggest that 8 to 30 sets could be performed, although it is not known how variations in exercise volume impact insulin sensitivity. Additionally, this means an almost 4-fold difference in time commitment, which might directly impact an individual's motivation and perceived capacity to exercise. This study will assess the acute effects of high- and low-volume strength exercise sessions on insulin sensitivity. After being thoroughly familiarized, 14 obese individuals of both sexes (>40 year old) will undergo 3 random experimental sessions, with a minimum 4-day washout period between them: a high-volume session (7 exercises, 3 sets per exercise, 21 total sets); a low-volume session (7 exercises, 1 set per exercise, 7 total sets); and a control session, where no exercise will be performed. Psychological assessments (feeling, enjoyment, and self-efficacy) will be performed after the sessions. All sessions will be held at night, and the next morning, an oral glucose tolerance test will be performed in a local laboratory, from which indexes of insulin sensitivity will be derived. We believe this study will aid in strength exercise prescription for individuals who claim not to have time to exercise or who perceive high-volume strength exercise intimidating to adhere to. This trial was prospectively registered (ReBEC #RBR-3vj5dc5 https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3vj5dc5)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Humic acid (HA) is a bioproduct that can be extracted from different sources and has anti-inflammatory properties that have been little explored in the treatment and prevention of Periodontal Disease (PD). Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of HA on the progression of PD in rats., Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were distributed into three experimental groups (Control/ Sham, PD, and PD + HA). HA was administered by gavage (80 mg/kg/day) for 28 days, and PD was induced 14 days after the beginning of treatment. Bone loss, bone topography, and surface elemental composition were analyzed. Circulating IL1-beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 levels were evaluated through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)., Results: The animals treated with HA showed lower bone loss (p < 0.05). Calcium and phosphorus levels on the alveolar bone surface were lower in the PD group (p < 0.05) compared to the control group, whereas the animals treated with HA exhibited attenuation in this loss (p < 0.05). The animals treated with HA showed reduced TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, IL-10, and the TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio compared to those with PD (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Treatment with HA attenuated the parameters of alveolar bone loss and modulated systemic inflammatory parameters in rats with ligature-induced PD., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018-2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Caryocar brasiliense pulp oil (pequi oil - PO) is rich in oleic acid and carotenoids and positively implicated in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated PO's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into three experimental groups: Control (CD), Western Diet (WD), and Western Diet, with 27% of lard switched by PO (WDP). Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated after 12 weeks of diet protocols in liver and adipose tissue. WDP rats gained less body mass and epididymal fat, had less hepatic fat infiltration, and were more glucose-tolerant and insulin-sensitive than WD (p < 0.05). In the liver, the WDP group had the highest non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, SOD and GPx activities, CAT, SOD II, and HSP72 expression compared to WD (p < 0.05). Adipose tissue IL-6 and TNF were reduced, and IL-10 was increased in WDP compared to WD (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the partial replacement of lard by PO in a Western diet prevented visceral fat accumulation and contributed to reducing inflammation in adipose tissue and liver oxidative stress, improving obesity-related insulin resistance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This in vitro experimental investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of the combined application of a nanofiber scaffold (NS), a polymeric catalyst primer (PCP) containing 10 mg/mL of heme peroxidase enzyme, and violet LED (LEDv) on the esthetic efficacy (EE), trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity (TC), and procedural duration of conventional in-office bleaching therapy. To achieve this, 96 standardized enamel/dentin discs were individually placed in artificial pulp chambers. A 35% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) bleaching gel was administered for 45, 30, or 15 min to the enamel, either previously coated with NS + PCP or left uncoated, followed by irradiation with LEDv for 15 min or no irradiation. The established groups were as follows: G1, negative control (no treatment); G2, 35% H 2 O 2 /45 min; G3, NS + PCP + LEDv; G4, NS + PCP + 35%H 2 O 2 /45 min + LEDv; G5, NS + PCP + 35%H 2 O 2 /30 min + LEDv; and G6, NS + PCP + 35%H 2 O 2 /15 min + LEDv. Extracts (culture medium + gel components diffused through the discs) were collected and applied to odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. EE (ΔE 00 and ΔWI) and TC were assessed using ANOVA/Tukey analysis (p < 0.05). The EE analysis revealed no statistical differences between G6 and G2 (p > 0.05). Cells in G6 exhibited higher viability and lower oxidative stress compared to other bleached groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, employing NS + PCP + LEDv to catalyze a 35%H 2 O 2 bleaching gel applied for 15 min to the enamel resulted in successful esthetic improvements and reduced the cytotoxicity commonly linked with traditional in-office bleaching procedures., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

An acute session of strength exercise (SE) ameliorates insulin sensitivity (IS) for several hours; however, the effects of SE volume (i.e., number of sets) have not been studied thoroughly. Although it is intuitive that some SE is better than none, and more is better than some for the improvement of IS, high-volume sessions might be challenging for diseased populations to complete, especially obese adults, for whom even a brisk walk can be challenging. This protocol details a randomized clinical trial to assess the acute effects of SE on IS in obese adults. The inclusion criteria are body mass index >30 kg/m 2 , central obesity (waist circumference >88 cm and >102 cm for women and men, respectively), and age >40 years. Participants will be familiarized with the SE (7 exercises targeting major muscle groups) and then will perform three sessions in a randomized order: session 1 - high-volume session (3 sets/exercise); session 2 - low-volume session (1 set/exercise); session 3 - control session (no exercise). Diet will be controlled the day before and on the day of the sessions. Sessions will be completed at night, and an oral glucose tolerance test will be performed the next morning, from which several indexes of IS will be derived, such as the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, the Matsuda index, the Cederholm index, the muscle IS index, and the Gutt index. Based on pilot studies, we expect ~15% improvement in IS (insulin AUC, and Matsuda and Cederholm indexes) after the high-volume session, and ~8% improvement after the low-volume session compared to the control session. This study will benefit individuals who find high-volume SE sessions challenging but still aim to improve their IS by investing 1/3 of their time and effort.

We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an Ad Libitum (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18. Resting metabolic rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses, and visceral fat and liver were harvested and weighed. Hearts were harvested for cardiac function, histological, redox status, and western blot analyses. The 50% CR from birth potentially reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in 18-month-old rats. Moreover, compared with AL18, the CR18 group showed a ∼50% increase in cardiac contractility and relaxation, nearly three to five times less incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, ∼18% lower cardiomyocyte diameter, and ∼60% lower cardiac fibrosis. CR18 hearts also improved biomarkers of antioxidant defense and cell survival. Collectively, these results reveal several metabolic and cardiac antiaging effects of a 50% CR from birth in middle-aged rats.

The phytotelmata is a water-filled tank on a terrestrial plant, and it plays an important role in bromeliad growth and ecosystem functioning. Even though previous studies have contributed to elucidate the composition of the prokaryotic component of this aquatic ecosystem, its mycobiota (fungal community) is still poorly known. In the present work, ITS2 amplicon deep sequencing was used to examine the fungal communities inhabiting the phytotelmata of two bromeliads species that coexist in a sun-exposed rupestrian field of Southeastern Brazil, namely Aechmea nudicaulis (AN) and Vriesea minarum (VM). Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum in both bromeliads (57.1 and 89.1% in AN and VM respectively, on average), while the others were present in low abundance (< 2%). Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota were exclusively observed in AN. Beta-diversity analysis showed that samples from each bromeliad significantly clustered together. In conclusion, despite the considerable within-group variation, the results suggested that each bromeliad harbor a distinct fungi community, what could be associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the phytotelmata (mainly total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and total carbon) and plant morphological features., (© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.)

Background: Embryo implantation is a complex biological process which requires synchronized dialogue between the receptive endometrium and the blastocyst. The endometrium, however, is only receptive to embryo implantation for a very short period. Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a major challenge in assisted reproductive techniques mainly due to impaired receptivity, but there is still a need for a reliable and valid clinical test to assess endometrial receptiveness, especially at embryo transfer time. The aim of this review is to investigate what is currently known about the contribution of endometrial fluid (EF) to endometrial receptivity by identifying its potential biomarkers., Methods: This study involved an extensive search of the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane, covering the period from 2011 to 2022. A combination of Medical Subject Headings with the terms 'endometrial fluid' and 'embryo implantation' was used., Results: Several different proteins presented in the endometrial cavity fluid have been described but the most consistent as potential biomarkers were Proprotein Convertase 6 (PC6), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), PIGF (Placental growth factor), β3 integrin, Colony Stimulating Factor-3 (CSF-3), Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glycodelin and extracellular vesicles (EVs)., Conclusions: Strong indicators support the use of uterine fluid collection as a non-invasive tool for receptivity assessment. Therefore, it could improve outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© the Author(s).)

Background: Failures in glass fiber post (GFP) retention may be associated with low adhesion achieved in root dentin., Material and Methods: 55 single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated and distributed according to different adhesion strategies (n=11): G1: RelyX ARC (3M ESPE; etch-rinse strategy); G2: Relyx Ultimate (3M ESPE; etch-rinse strategy); G3: AllCem (FGM; etch-rinse strategy); G4: Relyx Ultimate (3M ESPE; self-etching strategy); G5: RelyX U200 (3M ESPE; self-adhesive strategy). For Bonding Strength (BS) analysis, the roots were sectioned in slices (1.0mm thickness) corresponding to each root third and submitted to push-out test. The type of failure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)., Results: The highest BS averages were found in G2 and G3. However, in the middle and apical root thirds, G3 showed statistically similar results to G4 and G5. In the cervical and middle third, G1 was statistically similar to G4 and G5. The mixed type of failure was the most common in all groups., Conclusions: Self-etching (G4) and self-adhesive resin (G5) cements, showed similar BS results of immediate bonding in the cementation of GFP compared to conventional resin cements (G1, G2, G3). Key words: Dental Cements, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Post and Core Technique, Dental Bonding., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors report no conflict of interest related to this work., (Copyright: © 2023 Medicina Oral S.L.)

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density. The dissemination of knowledge about the disease can be a viable alternative for promoting preventive behavior and self-care. This study sought to identify the main characteristics of bone health programs for older persons. We conducted an integrative review, searching for studies published between 2011 and 2022 in the CAPES periodicals database, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar using English descriptors. A total of 10,093 studies were retrieved, seven of which were selected after applying the inclusion criteria. The findings show that bone health education programs aim to empower older people by increasing knowledge about the disease and raising awareness about calcium and vitamin D intake, osteoporosis medications, and the importance of changing habits and exercise. Programs generally consist of group or individual meetings, with sessions lasting 50 to 60 minutes. Class sizes may be limited or unrestricted. Follow-up during the educational process was also found to be important. Tailoring topics to the reality and interests of participants appears to be another positive way of promoting the adoption of self-care practices.

Objective: Evaluate the influence of a polymeric catalyst primer (PCP) on esthetic efficacy (EE), degradation kinetics of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity (TC) of bleaching gels., Materials and Methods: The following groups were established: G1: No treatment (NC, negative control); G2: PCP; G3: 10% H 2 O 2 ; G4: PCP + 10% H 2 O 2 ; G5: 20% H 2 O 2 ; G6: PCP + 20% H 2 O 2 ; G7: 35% H 2 O 2 (positive control); G8: PCP + 35% H 2 O 2 . To determine EE, enamel/dentin discs (E/DDs) were stained and subjected or not to bleaching protocols for 45 min. To assess TC, the E/DDs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. The extracts (culture medium + gel components diffused through E/DDs) were applied to odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. The viability (VB), oxidative stress (OxS), morphology (SEM), amount of H 2 O 2 diffused and the production of hydroxyl radical (OH • ) were assessed (two-way ANOVA/Tukey/paired Student t-test; p < 0.05)., Results: The highest EE was found in G8 (p < 0.05), and G4, G6, and G7 did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). In G4, the limited H 2 O 2 diffusion reduced OxS and increased cell VB (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Coating the enamel with PCP containing 10 mg/ml of manganese oxide before applying the 10% H 2 O 2 bleaching gel maintains the EE of conventional in-office bleaching and minimizes the toxic effects of this esthetic therapy., Clinical Significance: Coating the enamel with a PCP before applying the bleaching gel may potentiate the EE of the conventional in-office tooth bleaching and reduce the toxicity of this professional therapy to the dental pulp., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

(1) Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance seem to be involved in fibromyalgia (FM) pathogenesis. The results of our previous studies suggest that whole-body vibration training (WBVT) would improve redox status markers, increase blood irisin levels, and ameliorate the body composition of women with FM. (2) Objective: The current study aimed to investigate WBVT on oxidative stress markers, plasma irisin levels, and body composition in women with FM. (3) Methods: Forty women with FM were randomized into WBVT or untrained (UN) groups. Before and after 6 weeks of WBVT, body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), and inflammatory marker activities were measured by enzymatic assay. (4) Results: Body composition, blood irisin levels, and oxidative stress markers were similar between UN and WBVT groups before the intervention. After 6 weeks of intervention, the WBVT group presented higher irisin levels (WBVT: 316.98 ± 109.24 mg·dL³, WBVT: 477.61 ± 267.92 mg·dL³, p = 0.01) and lower TBARS levels (UN: 0.39 ± 0.02 nmol MDA/mg protein, WBVT: 0.24 ± 0.06 nmol MDA/mg protein, p = 0.001) and visceral adipose tissue mass (UN: 1.37 ± 0.49 kg, WBVT: 0.69 ± 0.54 kg, p = 0.001) compared to the UN group. (5) Conclusions: Six weeks of WBVT improves blood redox status markers, increases irisin levels, and reduces visceral adipose tissue mass, favoring less cell damage and more outstanding oxidative balance in women with FM.

The suspension of social activities combined with health insecurity, uncertainty and fear of COVID-19 may influence physical activity practice. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and anxiety on physical activity patterns during the pandemic period. This cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 520 Brazilian participants recruited by online sampling and snowball method. We assessed demographic variables, health perceptions, anxiety, fear of COVID-19 and physical activity characteristics. Both fear scores and anxiety were higher in woman (p < 0.0001). We observed a remarkable reduction in the frequency and intensity of physical activity and a modification in the exercise practice environment (from gym or sports centers to home-based physical activity) (p < 0.05). Sedentary (sitting) behavior increased during pandemic both in the weekdays and in the weekend (p < 0.0001). Participants who have never been infected were more prone of being classified in higher levels for physical activity (OR: 1.916, CI = 1.043-3.521) versus those who were previously infected (p = 0.05). Participants with a low or moderate level of physical activity before the pandemic presented lower chances of being classified as high physical activity level during the pandemic in comparison to those with high level before pandemic (p < 0.001). The Fear of Covid-19 score was negatively associated with the physical activity level (the higher the fear, the lower the level of physical activity); that is, for every increase in scale score, the odds of vigorous physical activity decreased 3%. In conclusion, fear of COVID-19 and previous contact with the virus negatively influenced physical activity practice.

Gels with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) have been associated with cytotoxicity and consequent post-bleaching tooth sensitivity. This study assessed the bleaching efficacy (BE) and cytotoxicity (CT) of bleaching gels with low concentrations of H 2 O 2 containing manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) and photocatalyzed with violet LED (LEDv). The following groups were established: G1: no treatment (negative control, NC); G2: 35% H 2 O 2 (positive control, PC); G3: LEDv; G4: 10% H 2 O 2 ; G5: 6% H 2 O 2 ; G6: 10% H 2 O 2  + MnO 2  + LEDv; G7: 6% H 2 O 2  + MnO 2  + LEDv. To analyze BE, standardized enamel/dentin discs (E/DDs) were subjected to the bleaching procedures for 45 min (1 session). The color change was determined before and after performing the bleaching protocols (ΔE 00 ; ΔWI). To analyze CT, the E/DDs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers, and the extracts (culture medium + diffused gel components) were applied to cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Then, the cells were assessed concerning their viability (VB), oxidative stress (OxS), and Live/Dead. The amount of H 2 O 2 diffused was also determined (ANOVA/Tukey; p < 0.05). Cell viability decreased in all bleached groups compared to G1 (NC; p < 0.05). The cells in G6 and G7 presented higher viability than in G2, G4, and G5 (p < 0.05). The BE in G7 was similar to G2 (PC; p < 0.05). The lowest OxS and H 2 O 2 diffusion values were found in G6 and G7, compared to the other bleached groups (G2, G4, and G5; p < 0.05). The 6% H 2 O 2 bleaching gel (G7) submitted to both methods of catalysis (MnO 2  + LEDv) caused only a mild cytotoxicity and maintained the excellent esthetic outcome promoted by in-office conventional tooth bleaching., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to compare in rats the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in a single (1xHIIT) or three shorter daily sessions (3xHIIT). Male Wistar rats were assigned to untrained (n = 10), 1xHIIT (n = 10), and 3xHIIT (n = 10) groups. Both HIIT groups performed 15 min of a treadmill run five times per week for 8 weeks. The 1xHIIT performed single daily sessions of 15 min, and the 3xHIIT performed three daily sessions of 5 min with an interval of 4 h between sessions. Resting VO 2 and VO 2 max were measured using a metabolic chamber; blood pressure and heart rate were measured by plethysmography; body composition was estimated by DEXA; Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed; after euthanasia, hearts, gastrocnemius, and visceral fat were harvested for analysis of cardiac function, histology, and morphology. Mitochondrial densities of the gastrocnemius and left ventricle muscles were determined by electron microscopy. 3xHIIT induced similar positive adaptative responses to 1xHIIT on resting VO 2 and VO 2 max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density. 3xHIIT was superior to 1xHIIT in reducing visceral fat weight and adipocyte size and improving insulin tolerance. Multiple short daily bouts of HIIT may be superior to single HIIT daily sessions in improving cardiometabolic and cellular adaptations in rats., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

This study compared the effects of aerobic physical training and estradiol (E2) replacement on central pathways involved with thermoregulation in ovariectomized rats. Rats were assigned to untrained ovariectomized treated with placebo (UN-OVX), untrained ovariectomized treated with E2 (E2-OVX), and trained ovariectomized (TR-OVX) groups. Tail skin temperature (TST), internal temperature (Tint), and basal oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) were recorded. Neuronal activity, brain expression of Kiss1, NKB and Prodyn, and central norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured. UN-OVX had the highest TST. Compared to UN-OVX rats, TR-OVX and E2-OVX had lower Fos expression in the paraventricular and arcuate (ARC) nuclei, and lower double labeling for Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Fos in the brainstem. Compared to UN-OVX, only TR-OVX group exhibited lower kisspeptin (Kiss1), neurokinin B (NKB), and prodynorphin expression in the ARC and higher central NE levels. Aerobic physical training before menopause may prevent the heat dissipation imbalance induced by reduction of E2, through central NE release, modulation of Kiss1, NKB and prodynorphin expression in neurons from ARC nucleus., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been widely investigated in Europe, Asia and North America regarding the occurrence and fate of antibiotic resistance (AR) elements, such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria and pathogens. However, monitoring data about AR elements in municipal WWTPs in Brazil are scarce. This study investigated the abundance of intI1, five ARGs (sul1, tetA, blaTEM, ermB and qnrB) and 16S rRNA in raw and treated wastewater of three WWTPs, using different sewage treatments named CAS (Conventional activated sludge), UASB/BTF (UASB followed by biological trickling filter) and MAS/UV (modified activated sludge with UV disinfection stage). Bacterial diversity and the presence of potentially pathogenic groups were also evaluated, and associations between genetic markers and the bacterial populations were presented. All WWTPs decreased the loads of genetic markers finally discharged to receiving water bodies and showed no evidence of being hotspots for antimicrobial resistance amplification in wastewater, since the abundances of intI1 and ARGs within the bacterial population were not increased in the treated effluents. UASB/BTF showed a similar performance to that of the CAS and MAS/UV, reinforcing the sanitary and environmental advantages of this biological treatment, widely applied for wastewater treatment in warm climate regions. Bacterial diversity and richness increased after treatments, and bacterial communities in wastewater samples differed due to catchment areas and treatment typologies. Potential pathogenic population underwent considerable decrease after the treatments; however, strong significant correlations with intI1 and ARGs revealed potential multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus) in the treated effluents, although in reduced relative abundances. These are contributive results for understanding the fate of ARGs, MGEs and potential pathogenic bacteria after wastewater treatments, which might support actions to mitigate their release into Brazilian aquatic environments in the near future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Coronavirus pandemic started in March 2020 and since then has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can be used as an epidemiological surveillance tool to track SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and provide warning of COVID-19 outbreaks. Considering that there are public places that could be potential hotspots of infected people that may reflect the local epidemiological situation, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR for approximately 16 months in sewage samples from five public places located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil: the sewage treatment plant of Confins International Airport (AIR), the main interstate bus terminal (BUS), an upscale shopping centre (SHC1), a popular shopping centre (SHC2) and a university institute (UNI). The results were compared to those of the influent sewage of the two main sewage treatment plants of Belo Horizonte (STP1 and STP2). Viral monitoring in the STPs proved to be an useful regional surveillance tool, reflecting the trends of COVID-19 cases. However, the viral concentrations in the samples from the selected public places were generally much lower than those of the municipal STPs, which may be due to the behaviour of the non-infected or asymptomatic people, who are likely to visit these places relatively more than the symptomatic infected ones. Among these places, the AIR samples presented the highest viral concentrations and concentration peaks were observed previously to local outbreaks. Therefore, airport sewage monitoring can provide an indication of the regional epidemiological situation. For the other places, particularly the UNI, the results suggested a greater potential to detect the infection and trace cases especially among employees and regular attendees. Taken together, the results indicate that for a regular and permanent sentinel sewage surveillance the sewage from STPs, AIR and UNI could be monitored., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Fenestrated-branched endovascular repair has been disseminated worldwide from a technique used to treat high-risk patients to a valid alternative in almost any patient who is anatomically suitable and has complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. As with any new procedure, there is a steep learning curve that goes beyond proficiency with deployment. Ultimately, patient selection, team performance, surgeon's ability to adapt to unexpected events, and the constant evolution of improvements in technical aspects all affect the early outcomes and durability of the repair. This article reviews the importance of the learning curve, evolution of complex endovascular techniques, and factors affecting outcomes of complex endovascular aneurysm repair., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the main risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Both strength training (ST) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) reduce IR, but the effect of combining different volumes of ST with PBMt is unknown., Methods: Overweight/obese individuals will be assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group): ST with volume following international guidelines (3 sets per exercise - high volume) or one-third of this volume (1 set per exercise - low volume), combined with PBMt or placebo. ST will be performed for 20 sessions over 10 weeks and will consist of 7 exercises. The PBMt will be applied after training sessions using blankets with light emitters (LEDs) placed over the skin on the frontal and the posterior region of the body, following the parameters recommended by the literature. The placebo group will undergo an identical procedure, but blankets will emit insignificant light. To measure plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) will be performed before and after the training period. Thereafter, IR, the area under the curve of glucose and insulin, and OGTT-derived indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance will be calculated., Expected Impact on the Field: This study will determine the effects of different ST volumes on IR and whether the addition of PBMt potentiates the effects of ST. Because previously sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant individuals might not comply with recommended volumes of exercise, the possibility that adding PBMt to low-volume ST enhances ST effects on IR bears practical significance., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Canastra Cheese is one of the most commercialized artisanal cheeses in Brazil and intrinsic characteristics of its production, such as the use of raw milk and natural whey starter cultures as well short ripening time on wooden shelves, offer risk of contamination by a plethora of microorganisms. Here, we used 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach to characterize the bacterial communities from Canastra cheese processing environments and final products, accessing cheesemaking facilities with distinct profiles of Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS), in order to estimate whether differences in microbial composition and diversity could also be observed between the two sampled groups of facilities. Our results revealed that the diversity of bacterial communities in the processing environments was much higher than that observed for cheeses, with greater discrepancy for facilities with inadequate FSMS. Additionally, in facilities with inadequate FSMS the bacterial communities from environments, especially hand surfaces and ripening wooden shelves, were similar to those during processing and finished cheese. These evidences highlight the importance of implementing and maintaining FSMS in the facilities, in order to assure quality and safety of Canastra cheese, but also the stability and economic viability of the Canastra cheese production chain., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess the influence of coating the enamel with a nanofiber scaffold (NS) and a polymeric catalyst primer (PCP) on the esthetic efficacy, degradation kinetics of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity of bleaching gels subjected or not to violet-LED irradiation., Methodology: The following groups were established (n = 8): G1- No treatment (negative control); G2- NS+PCP; G3- LED; G4- NS+PCP+LED; G5- 35% H 2 O 2 (positive control); G6- NS+PCP+35% H 2 O 2 +LED; G7- 20% H 2 O 2 ; G8- NS+PCP+20% H 2 O 2 +LED; G9- 10% H 2 O 2 ; G10- NS+PCP+10% H 2 O 2 +LED. For esthetic efficacy analysis, enamel/dentin discs were stained and exposed for 45 min to the bleaching protocols. To assess the cytotoxicity, the stained enamel/dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers, and the extracts (culture medium + components diffused through the discs) were collected and applied to MDPC-23 cells, which had their viability, oxidative stress, and morphology (SEM) evaluated. The amount of H 2 O 2 diffused and hydroxyl radical (OH • ) production were also determined (two-way ANOVA/Tukey/paired Student t-test; p < 0.05)., Results: G6 had the highest esthetic efficacy compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Besides the esthetic efficacy similar to conventional in-office bleaching (G5; p > 0.05), G10 also showed the lowest toxic effect and oxidative stress to MDPC-23 cells compared to all bleached groups (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Coating the enamel with a nanofiber scaffold and a polymeric catalyst primer, followed by the application of 10%, 20%, or 35% H 2 O 2 bleaching gels irradiated with a violet LED, stimulates H 2 O 2 degradation, increasing esthetic efficacy and reducing the trans-amelodentinal toxicity of the treatment., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Previous studies have highlighted the positive effects of Estradiol (E2) replacement therapy and physical exercise on skeletal muscle during menopause. However, the comparison effects of exercise training (ET) and estradiol replacement therapy during menopause on skeletal muscle have not been investigated to date. This study aimed to compare the effects of endurance exercise training versus E2 replacement therapy on mitochondrial density, redox status, and inflammatory biomarkers in the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Thirty female Wistar rats (12-week-old) were randomly assigned into three groups: Untrained ovariectomized rats (UN-OVX, n = 10); untrained ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol replacement therapy (E2-OVX); and, trained ovariectomized rats (TR-OVX). After ovariectomy, the E2-OVX rats were treated subcutaneously with E2 (implanted Silastic® capsule containing 360 μg of 17β-estradiol/mL) while the TR-OVX group performed an exercise training protocol (50-70% of maximal running speed on a treadmill, 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks). After euthanasia, the soleus muscle was processed for histological and biochemical evaluations. Only exercise prevented the reduction of maximal oxygen consumption and increased mechanical efficiency (ME). While mitochondrial muscle density, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), catalase (CAT) activity, and interleukin 10 levels were higher in TR-OVX, only OVX-E2 presented higher CAT activity and lower interleukin 6 levels. Endurance exercise training compared with E2 replacement therapy maintains the aerobic capacity improving the ME of OVX rats. In addition, only endurance exercise training raises the skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and tends to balance the redox and inflammatory status in the skeletal muscle of OVX rats., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Wastewater tertiary treatment has been pointed out as an effective alternative for reducing the concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes (ARB and ARGs) in wastewaters. The present work aimed to build on the current knowledge about the effects of activated sludge and UV irradiation on antibiotic resistance determinants in biologically treated wastewaters. For that, the microbial community and ARGs' composition of samples collected after preliminary (APT), secondary (AST), and tertiary (ATT) treatments in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant using a modified activated sludge (MAS) system followed by an UV stage (16 mJ/cm 2 ) were investigated through culture-dependent and independent approaches (including metagenomics). A total of 24 phyla and 460 genera were identified, with predominance of Gammaproteobacteria in all samples. Pathogenic genera corresponded to 8.6% of all sequences on average, mainly Acinetobacter and Streptococcus. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the proportion of pathogens were observed between APT and the other samples, suggesting that the secondary treatment reduced its abundance. The MAS achieved 64.0-99.7% average removal efficiency for total (THB) and resistant heterotrophic bacteria, although the proportions of ARB/THB have increased for sulfamethoxazole, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. A total of 10 7 copies/mL of intI1 gene remained in the final effluent, suggesting that the treatment did not significantly remove this gene and possibly other ARGs. In accordance, metagenomic results suggested that number of reads recruited to plasmid-associated ARGs became more abundant in the pool throughout the treatment, suggesting that it affected more the bacteria without these ARGs than those with it. In conclusion, disinfected effluents are still a potential source for ARB and ARGs, which highlights the importance to investigate ways to mitigate their release into the environment., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: This study aims to investigate the association between preoperative Red blood cell Distribution Width (RDW) and postoperative outcomes, including myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality., Methods: A prospective cohort including all patients submitted to elective vascular arterial surgery at a university hospital. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day MI, respectively., Results: Atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dependent functional status were more prevalent in deceased patients. After multivariable analysis, age (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval [1.01-1.15], p = 0.027) and RDW-standard deviation (RDW-SD) (1.08 [1.01-1.16], p = 0.032) remained independent predictors of mortality. Patients with MI had higher rates of diabetes, CKD, dependent functional status, ASA physical status IV, and insulin medication. After multivariable analysis, dependent functional status (4.8 [1.6-15.0], p = 0.007), insulin medication (4.4 [1.5-12.6], p = 0.007) and RDW-SD (1.10 [1.02-1.19], p = 0.020) were independent predictors of MI., Conclusion: RDW-SD independently predicted postoperative MI and mortality, and may provide valuable information for prevention and early management of adverse outcomes., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Société Internationale de Chirurgie.)

We compared the motor competence between overweight/obese and eutrophic preschoolers with similar physical activity levels, age, socioeconomic status, maternal education, quality of the home environment and quality of the school environment. We also investigated to what extent excess body fat mass explains gross motor skills in preschoolers. A cross-sectional quantitative and exploratory study was conducted with 48 preschoolers assigned into eutrophic and overweight/obese groups. Overweight/obese preschoolers had worse Locomotor subtest standard scores than the eutrophic ones (p = 0.01), but similar Object Control subtest and Gross Motor Quotient scores (p > 0.05). Excess body fat mass explained 12% of the low Locomotor subtest standard scores in preschoolers (R2 = 0.12; p = 0.007). Excess body fat mass was associated with worse locomotor skills when the model was adjusted for physical activity levels, age, socioeconomic status, maternal education, quality of the home environment and quality of the school environment. Thus, excess body fat mass partly explains lower locomotor skills in preschoolers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an interesting time-efficient approach to increase exercise adherence and improve health. However, few studies have tested the efficiency of HIIT protocols in a "real world" setting, e.g., HIIT protocols designed for outdoor spaces without specialized equipment. This study presents a "real world" training protocol, named "beep training", and compares the efficiency of a HIIT regiment versus a traditional long-duration Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) regiment using this beep training protocol on VO2 max of overweight untrained men. Twenty-two subjects performed outdoor running with MICT (n = 11) or HIIT (n = 11). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed before and after training protocols using a metabolic analyzer. Both training protocols were performed 3 days a week for 8 weeks using the Beep Test results. The MICT group performed the exercise program at 60%-75% of the maximum speed of the 20 m shuttle test (Vmax) and with a progression of the distance of 3,500-5,000 m. The HIIT group performed the interval exercise with 7-10 bouts of 200 m at 85%-100% of the maximum speed of the 20 m shuttle test (Vmax), interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery. Although the HIIT group presented a significantly lower training volume than the MICT group (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of beep training, HIIT was superior to MICT in improving VO2 max (MICT: ~4.1%; HIIT: ~7.3%; p < 0.05). The "real world" HIIT regiment based on beep training protocol is a time-efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-implement protocol for overweight untrained men.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and accumulated exercises are two time-efficient programs to improve health in humans and animal models. However, to date, there are no studies on whether HIIT performed in an accumulated fashion is as effective as a traditional HIIT performed with single daily sessions in improving health markers. This paper presents the effects of a new HIIT protocol, called accumulated HIIT, on body weight gain, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and cardiac hypertrophy in young Wistar rats. Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: untrained (UN; n = 16), HIIT performed with single daily sessions (1-HIIT; n = 16), and HIIT performed with three daily sessions (3-HIIT; n = 16). Body weight and VO2max were recorded before and after the training period. The VO2max measurements were taken using a metabolic analyzer at the maximal running velocity (Vmax). The training was performed for both HIIT groups five days per week over eight weeks with the same weekly progression of the exercise intensity (85-100% Vmax). The 1-HIIT group performed single daily sessions (6 bouts of 1 min interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery). The 3-HIIT group performed three daily sessions (2 bouts of 1 min interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery with an interval of 4 h between bouts). After the last VO2max test, the rats were euthanized, and their hearts were harvested and weighed. The results showed that 3-HIIT had similar beneficial effects to 1-HIIT in preventing body weight gain, improving VO2max, and inducing cardiac hypertrophy. These findings reveal for the first time the efficacy of an accumulated HIIT protocol on the health markers of young Wistar rats. This new HIIT protocol may be more feasible than traditional HIIT protocols as exercise can be split into very short sessions throughout a day in this new approach.

Open surgical repair has been the gold standard for treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA). Currently, open surgical repair has been reserved mostly for young and fit patients with connective tissue disorders, using separate branch vessel reconstructions instead of 'island' patches, and distal perfusion instead of a 'clamp and go' technique. Endovascular repair has gained widespread acceptance because of its potential to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality. Several large aortic centers have developed dedicated clinical programs to advance techniques of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) using patient-specific and off-the-shelf devices, which offers a less-invasive alternative to open repair. Although FB-EVAR was initially considered an option for older and frail patients, many centers have expanded its indications to any patient with suitable anatomy and no evidence of connective tissue disorders, independent of their clinical risk. In this article, we review current techniques and outcomes of endovascular TAAA repair., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: ALE is a consultant for W.L. Gore. GSO is a consultant for Cook Medical, W. L. Gore, Centerline Biomedical and GE Healthcare (all paid to Mayo Clinic and University of Texas Health Science at Houston, with no personal income). The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2021 Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.)

The one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay is a molecular method used for detecting breast cancer (BC) metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). However, this method has a major disadvantage, since it prevents tissue structure analysis, while only one molecular marker can be evaluated, namely cytokeratin 19 mRNA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether an OSNA-discarded sample could be suitable for the gene expression analysis of the SLN microenvironment. The remaining intermediate phase of the centrifuged SLN homogenate obtained from the OSNA assay of samples from two patients with BC was used for mRNA extraction. Subsequently, the expression of five genes, namely forkhead box, cluster of differentiation 4 and three control genes, was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The results demonstrated that high-quality RNA was extracted. Therefore, this RNA may be used for gene expression analyses to predict novel molecular biomarkers associated with immuno-inflammatory microenvironment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications.)