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Currently, the use of decentralized hybrid systems based on renewable energy is an economical and practical option for residential applications in remote and rural areas. The optimal sizing of hybrid systems depends extensively on the load data and the potential of used resources. Demand side management DSM is a solution that makes it possible to manage consumption profile in terms of time and amont of consumed energy. This paper focuses on the optimum and economic design of an off grid PV/Battery/Diesel hybrid system. The simulation was carried out by HOMER software under the real load profile and climatic conditions. Firstly, load management effect on optimal system sizing is simulated, the strategic conservation measures are implemented by improving equipments energy efficiency. Secondly, the effect of other strategies such as strategic conservation, load shifting and peak clipping with 30% variation from the original load profile is also simulated. The technical, financial and environmental results of the optimal hybrid system for different strategies are discussed with comparison, including net present cost (NPC), energy cost (CoE), renewable fraction (RF) and CO2 emissions. Based on the obtained results, the advantages of the DSM is demonstrated firstly by the dayli consumption and peak load reduction, secondy by the reduction of system components and cost, which leads to a reduction in system costs from 11,159 $ to 6,279 $, from 0.244 $/kWh to 0.240 $/kWh for cost of energy and from 705.486 kg/yr to 522.454 kg/yr in term of annual CO2 emissions.

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Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public street lighting (PSL) with its multiple roles, is nowadays a central concern in smart and sustainable cities, urban and rural area, and street planning. However, PSL consumes a considerable amount of energy. Energy efficiency and conservation (EE) as a component of demand side management (DSM) concept have emerged for electrical energy consumption management. This paper focuses in this context, addresses and discusses the DSM activities in the street lighting sector (SLS). Firstly, three scenarios of street lighting systems are simulated with the already used conventional lamp, i.e. High Pressure Sodium (HPS), namely solar islanded street lighting, solar/grid connected, and solar/storage/grid connected street lighting system. Secondly, the three scenarios are simulated using Light Emitting Diodes LED technology, which is used as a means of load management and energy efficiency measures. To determine the optimal configuration in each scenario and to find the best between these three scenarios, the technical-economic feasibility analysis based on the net present value (NPV) and cost of energy (CoE) is carried out by using HOMER software. Based on the results obtained, the public street lighting system that uses LED lamp in all scenarios has the lowest CoE, NPV, and consequently electricity bill cost, and their use reduces the energy consumption by 30%. The second scenario is the most economical one with NPV($), CoE($/kWh), RF(%) and annual electricity bill cost ($) of (2033-1053), (0.091-0.19), (129,948-82,46) and (78.3-47.6), when using HPS and LED technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a customer's generation concept as one of the load management techniques. The use of the photovoltaic generator has a great advantage because of its ease of use and low maintenance requirements. Because the delivered photovoltaic Watt is very expensive, the photovoltaic system must be correctly and optimally dimensioned the proposed system in technical (feasible) and economical (lowest cost) term, it depends on several parameters such as orientation, tilt angle, type of modules. Among these parameters, tilt angle and module technologies are the ones have a significant impact on the PV system performance. In this study, three different technologies of PV generators with 5 kWp capacity each (Si-mono, Si-poly, Si-amorph) for Alger location in Algeria are simulated. PV generators have been mounted on a roof surface and positioned at different tilt angles ranging from 0° to 90°, in order to find the best configuration of PV generator to be installed in residential customer at house roof. Finally, the calculation of saving in energy as well as energy cost savings also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]