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Transition-metal selenides have been extensively studied as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Engineering amorphous/crystalline heterostructures is an effective strategy to improve rich active sites for accelerating redox reaction kinetics but still lacks exploration. In this study, an amorphous/crystalline heterostructure was designed and constructed by selenizing the self-sacrificial template NiMnS to generate amorphous Mn/polycrystalline Ni0.85Se–NiSe2 heterophase via the phase transformation from metal sulfide into metal selenide. The synergy of the complementary multi-components and amorphous/polycrystalline heterophase could enrich electron/ion-transport channels and expose abundant active sites, which accelerated electron/ion transfer and Faradaic reaction kinetics during charging/discharging. As expected, the optimal NiMnSe exhibited a high specific charge (1389.1 C g−1 at 1 A g−1), a good rate capability, and an excellent lifespan (88.9% retention). Moreover, the fabricated NiMnSe//activated carbon device achieved a long cycle life and energy density of 48.0 W h kg−1 at 800 W kg−1, shedding light on the potential for use in practical applications, such as electrochemical energy-storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of effective and robust catalysts that can replace the precious-metal-based benchmarks for electrocatalytic overall water splitting is a highly fashionable approach to exploring sustainable energy utilization and addressing environmental issues. Herein, we demonstrate a facile single-step fabrication of NiS-NiS 2 nanoparticles in situ grown on the layered porous sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (NiS-NiS 2 /SGCN) act as bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium. Further, an increasing the Ni precursor (fixed sulfur source) increases the formation of NiS-NiS 2 on the surface of SGCN (labeled as NS-1.0, NS-2.0, and NS-3.0). Structural and morphological studies such as PXRD, XPS, FTIR, HR-TEM, etc., revealed a uniform distribution of NiS/NiS 2 on the surface of S-g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. The OER and HER activity of NiS-NiS 2 /SGCN nanohybrid were significantly enhanced by increasing the affinity of accessible surface-active edge sites, interfacial contact allows effective modification of electronic structure, high structural porosity, redox-active centers of Ni2+/Ni3+, and rich in sulfur vacancy. In addition, the enhancement of the exposure of the edge sites is improved by their attachment to a sulfur-doped g-C 3 N 4 framework. As a result, in the half-cell experiments, the NiS-NiS 2 /SGCN (NS-3.0) catalyst exhibited enhanced performance in both OER and HER, requiring an overpotential of 298 mV to reach 50 mA/cm2 for OER and −144 mV to reach 10 mA/cm2 for HER. Furthermore, the constructed electrolyzer using Ni-S 3.0 as the cathode and anode required a cell voltage of 1.66 V to yield 50 mA/cm2 in overall water splitting. This study may inspire the in-situ synthesis of different metal sulfides on SGCN to provide a unique interfacial approach for improving the performance of bifunctional non-precious electrocatalysts. NiS-NiS2/SGCN as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for HER and OER in an alkaline medium. [Display omitted] • Single-step fabrication of NiS-NiS 2 grown insitu on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride. • NiS-NiS 2 /SGCN/NF exhibited a low OER overpotential of 298 mV (at 50 mA/cm2). • NiS-NiS 2 /SGCN/NF showed a low HER overpotential of −144 mV (at 10 mA/cm2). • NiS-NiS 2 /SGCN/NF electrode acts as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts hold paramount significance for related clean energy conversion technologies. High-entropy materials have garnered significant interests because of their novel structures and unprecedented potentials in application. Herein, we successfully prepared a high-entropy metal sulfide catalyst, specifically (FeCoNiMnMo)S x , through a facile method. The resulting catalyst exhibited a phase similar to CoS 2 and its electrocatalytic activity was rigorously evaluated as an OER catalyst in 1 M KOH. Endowed by the synergistic effect and the modulation of electronic structures among the various metals, the (FeCoNiMnMo)S x catalyst demonstrated exceptional water oxidation performances. Notably, it required only 290 mV of overpotential to reach 10 mA cm−2. This remarkable performance underscores the effectiveness of high-entropy sulfides as electrocatalysts. The present work supplied a new successful example for exploring the vast potential of high-entropy materials in electrocatalysis and other related fields. A high-entropy metal sulfide (FeCoNiMnMo)S x catalyst was facilely prepared. Thanks to the synergistic effect and modulation of electronic structure between multiple metals, the catalyst exhibits excellent OER performances with only 290 mV of overpotential in 1 M KOH to reach 10 mA cm−2 of current density. [Display omitted] • High-entropy metal sulfide (FeCoNiMnMo)S x was fabricated facilely. • Co is confirmed the first important active element for OER. • Synergistic effect and modulation of electronic structure were occurred. • The (FeCoNiMnMo)S x shows excellent activity for oxygen evolution reaction. • The (FeCoNiMnMo)S x also shows robust stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cation exchange reaction is a powerful method for generating nanomaterials with unique structures because of the easy control of the size, morphology, composition, and crystal structure of the nanoparticles. This study investigated the kinetically controlled morphology and composition of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) through cation exchange reactions, specifically focusing on variations from copper sulfide to transition metal sulfides, including Co, Fe, Zn, and Mn sulfides. In the cation exchange reaction, Co exhibited the fastest exchange rate, followed by Fe,Mn, and Zn. The difference in kinetics rates affected the change in morphology; Co, with the fastest rate, was immediately and uniformly distributed in the NPs. For Fe, a sandwich structure was initially formed and this gradually transformed into a solid-solution phase. After exchanging Cu with Mn and Zn, a heterostructure was formed, which became increasingly clear as the reaction progressed. The transformation of the morphology and crystal structure were confirmed using XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses. The findings of this study suggest that the morphology and distinct structures of the exchanged particles can be controlled by manipulating the kinetics rates of cations through cation exchange reactions. This process offers a powerful tool for the tailored synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles and provides a design principle for enabling predictable outcomes through cation exchange reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photo-corrosion issue inherent in metal sulfide semiconductors is quite pronounced, making the enhancement of electron-hole pair separation efficiency in these photocatalysts a pivotal strategy for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production. This study introduces a novel approach where hexagonal boron nitride (h -BN) acts as a substrate for the in situ growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 nanostructures, resulting in the formation of h -BN@ZnIn 2 S 4 (BN@ZIS) nanocomposites. The electronegativity of h -BN nanosheets is harnessed to facilitate the recombination or electrostatic attraction of photogenerated holes in the ZnIn 2 S 4 photocatalyst. This strategy effectively promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which is crucial for enhancing photocatalytic performance. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of BN@ZIS nanocomposites were meticulously investigated. The findings reveal that the incorporation of h -BN nanosheets loads to a more uniform dispersion of the ZnIn 2 S 4 nanostructure, which not only increases the specific surface area but also fosters a tight heterojunction interface between h -BN and ZnIn 2 S 4. In conclusion, the photocatalytic hydrogen production capabilities of the BN@ZIS nanocomposites were rigorously evaluated. Pure h -BN lacks photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. Conversely, the optimized BN@ZIS composite demonstrated a remarkable enhancement, exhibiting a photocatalytic efficiency that is 9.65 times greater than that of pristine ZnIn 2 S 4. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism by which BN@ZIS augments photocatalytic hydrogen production has been proposed. This strategy, leveraging the synergistic interaction between h -BN and ZnIn 2 S 4 , is anticipated to be applicable to other semiconductor systems, opening avenues for the advancement of photocatalytic technologies. • h -BN as a substrate for growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 , forming BN@ZIS. • The h -BN electronegativity promotes the recombination or electrostatic attraction of photogenerated holes in the ZnIn 2 S 4. • BN@ZIS photocatalytic efficiency is 9.65 times that of ZnIn 2 S 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) presents a promising pathway for achieving both ammonia (NH3) electrosynthesis and water pollutant removal simultaneously. Among various electrocatalysts explored, 2D materials have emerged as promising candidates due to their ability to regulate electronic states and active sites through doping. However, the impact of doping effects in 2D materials on the mechanism of NO3−RR remains relatively unexplored. Here, Ni‐doped MoS2 (Ni‐MoS2) nanosheets are investigated as a model system, demonstrating enhanced NO3−RR performance compared to undoped counterparts. By controlling the doping concentration, the Ni‐MoS2 nanosheets achieve a remarkable faradic efficiency (FE) of 92.3% for NH3 at −0.3 VRHE with excellent stability. The mechanistic studies reveal that the elevation of the NO3−RR performances originates from the generation of more active hydrogen and the acceleration of the reaction from nitrite (NO2−) to NH3 facilitated by Ni doping. Combining the experimental observations and theoretical calculations it is revealed that the appropriate Ni doping level in MoS2 can enhance *NO3 adsorption strength, thereby facilitating subsequent electrocatalytic steps. Together with the demonstration of Zn−NO3− and Zn−NO2− battery devices, the work provides new insights into the design and regulation of the active sites in 2D material catalysts for efficient NO3−RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Earth's crust, thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is a common organic–inorganic interaction, which is in close association with the carbon cycle in sedimentary basins and metal sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits. However, the reaction pathway and mechanism of TSR need further investigation, mainly due to the complex sulfur species involved in this reaction. Here we applied in situ Raman spectroscopy to disclose the stepwise transformation from sulfate to sulfide and the reaction kinetics in the CH 4 -Na 2 SO 4 /MgSO 4 /H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O systems at elevated temperatures and pressures. Our results indicate that sulfate is transformed to H 2 S through a series of reduction and disproportionation reactions. Once dissolved H 2 S reaches a certain concentration, it reacts with sulfate to form intermediate valence sulfur species (S0 and S 3 −), which quickly oxidize methane to generate CO 2 and H 2 S. The formation of S 3 − and S0 is responsible for the autocatalytic effect in TSR. The sulfur speciation significantly affects the reaction kinetics, which could be divided into three stages based on the in situ observations. Extrapolated kinetic data show that TSR could proceed fast under the catalysis of H 2 S, and the half-life of methane is ∼7.10 million years at 200 °C. Subsequent numerical modeling strongly supports that in situ sulfate reduction could provide sufficient reduced sulfur for the formation of giant Mississippi Valley-type deposits, thus serving as an efficient mineralizing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel Fe, Ni bimetallic porous coordination polymers (PCPs) was synthesized, featuring a ligand composed of N, S-rich 6-thioguanine. Through bimetallic synergistic catalysis and self-sulfurization, this bimetallic PCPs transforms into N, S co-doped carbon (NSC)-coated (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 bridged nanowires. Due to N, S co-doped (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 @NSC bridged nanowires, additional electrocatalytic active sites are provided, while the interconnected nanowires simultaneously enhance the overall conductivity of the catalyst. The as-obtained (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 @NSC exhibits excellent OER performance, with an overpotential as low as 252 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. [Display omitted] • In this work, a novel Fe, Ni bimetallic porous coordination polymers (PCPs) was synthesized, featuring a ligand composed of N, S-rich 6-thioguanine. • Through bimetallic synergistic catalysis and self-sulfurization, the bimetallic PCPs transforms into N, S co-doped carbon (NSC)-coated (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 bridged nanowires. • This work indicates that metal sulfides bridged nanowires are an effective method for improving the overall conductivity of electrocatalysts and enhancing electrocatalytic performance. Improving the conductivity of the electrocatalyst itself is essential for enhancing its performance. In this work, N, S-rich 6-thioguanine (TG) is selected as the ligand to synthesize a Fe, Ni bimetallic porous coordination polymer (PCP), which is then derived to fabricate N,S codoped carbon (NSC)-coated (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 bridged nanowires. The (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 @NSC bridged nanowires obtained through bimetallic synergistic catalysis and self-sulfurization processes not only introduced additional electrocatalytic active sites but also significantly enhance the overall conductivity of the catalyst due to the interconnected nanowire structure. The resulting (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 /Ni 3 S 2 @NSC demonstrates remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, exhibiting an overpotential as low as 252 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This work proposes a novel strategy for enhancing the overall conductivity of catalysts by growing bridged nanowires, providing valuable insights and inspiration for the design and preparation of advanced transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides are emerging as promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost, their practical application yet face critical issues of sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability. In this study, a reliable approach is introduced to overcome these challenges by fabrication of Se0.75‐Fe1‐xS0.25@SC hollow nanospheres thanks to the enriched robust Fe─S─C, C─S, and C─Se bonding, which greatly benefit for enhancing both reaction kinetics and structural stability. Kinetic study combining with in situ characterization reveals that the incorporation of rich‐Se into FeSx induces the formation of cationic Fe and Se vacancies, leading to abundant sites and optimized path for sodium storage. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate how Se‐rich engineering weakens carbonaceous polar C─S─Fe bonds and accelerates reaction dynamics. The as‐prepared Se0.75‐Fe1‐xS0.25@SC can deliver a high reversible capacity of 515 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 1250 cycles and achieve superior rate capability with maintaining capacity of 418 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. This work pioneers the concept of vacancy‐rich functionalized nanostructures, offering a new pathway for designing advanced electrode materials for energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the advantage of high capacity. However, their cycle‐life and rate performance at ultra‐high current density is still a thorny issue that limit the applicability of these materials. In this paper, the carbon‐embedded heterojunction with sulfur‐vacancies regulated by ultrafine bimetallic sulfides (vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C) with robust interfacial C‐S‐Co/Fe chemical bonds is successfully synthesized and explored as an anode material for sodium‐ion battery. By changing the ratio of two metal cations, the concentration of anion sulfur vacancies can be in‐situ adjusted without additional post‐treatment. The as‐prepared vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C anode material offers ultrahigh rate performance (285.1 mAh g−1 at 200 A g−1), and excellent long‐cycle stability (389.2 mAh g−1 at 40 A g−1 after 10000 cycles), outperforming all reported transition metal sulfides‐based anode materials for SIBs. Both in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations provide strong evidence for the evolution mechanism of the phases and stable solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) on the vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C surface. The density functional theory calculations show that constructing heterojunction with reasonable concentration of vacancies can significantly increase the anode electronic conductivity. Notably, the assembled vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full‐cell shows a capacity of 226.2 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, confirming this material's practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing pursuit of cost-effective approaches for synthesizing transition metal sulfide heterostructure oxygen evolution electrocatalysts, with the objective of optimizing active site exposure and stabilizing spatial framework, remains a significant challenge. In this study, self-supported bimetallic iron-nickel sulfide (Fe 1-x S-NiS/NF) nanosheet heterostructures were successfully fabricated in situ on nickel foam through the direct sulfurization of bimetallic carbonate precursors. The effects of sulfurization temperature and Fe content on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of the catalyst are investigated, and the best conditions are found to be 350 °C and 2 mmol, respectively. As expected, the optimized catalyst demonstrates remarkable OER performance in an alkaline solution with low overpotentials of 235 mV and 333 mV at high current densities of 50 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst shows long-term stability lasting for 35 h at 60 mA cm−2 with a negligible shift in the polarization curve observed even after 2000 cyclic voltammetry cycles, while also exhibiting good structural preservation. The current study has the potential to offer valuable insights into the fabrication of electrocatalysts based on metal sulfide heterostructures. A simple hydrothermal-sulfurization strategy was adopted to fabricate series of self-supported iron-nickel sulfide nanosheet heterostructures catalysts with excellent OER performance. [Display omitted] • Self-supported Fe 1-x S-NiS/NF nanosheets were synthesized by sulfurization of carbonates. • Effects of sulfurization temperature and Fe content on the OER performance are investigated. • The Fe 1-x S-NiS/NF-2 catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel, a promising alternative to traditional petroleum fuels, is a green energy solution. Photocatalysis is a facile, novel, economic, and efficient approach to biodiesel synthesis. Metal sulfides have been used extensively for various photocatalytic applications. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the photocatalytic production of biodiesel using a novel metal sulfide‐based heterogeneous photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. A nano zero‐valent silver doped hydroxyapatite (Ag/HAp) was synthesized using a green bio‐reductant technique and decorated with tin sulfide nanoparticles (SnS2/Ag/HAp or SAH) for photocatalytic biodiesel synthesis. The hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from waste fish scales to minimize the use of chemicals and to utilize waste for useful applications. The prepared SAH photocatalyst was characterized through X‐ray diffraction, UV‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The effect of reaction parameters was optimized, and under optimum conditions of 1 wt% photocatalyst loading, and 8:1 methanol‐to‐oleic‐acid ratio, for 60 min, a high yield of 98.0 ± 0.61% could be achieved using a SAH photocatalyst. Scavenger tests indicated the simultaneous generation of photoinduced electrons and holes necessary for photocatalytic biodiesel synthesis. A mechanism for the photocatalytic esterification reaction of oleic acid is proposed. The synthesized SnS2‐based photocatalyst could be easily recoverable and reusable for five consecutive runs, which can replace traditional industrial heterogeneous catalysts in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exponential increasing demands for base metals have made meaningful processing of their quite low-grade (>1%) resources. Froth flotation is the most important physicochemical pretreatment technique for processing low-grade sulfide ores. In other words, flotation separation can effectively upgrade finely liberated base metal sulfides based on their surface properties. Various sulfide surface characters can be modified by flotation surfactants (collectors, activators, depressants, pH regulators, frothers, etc.). However, these reagents are mostly toxic. Therefore, using biodegradable flotation reagents would be essential for a green transition of ore treatment plants, while flotation circuits deal with massive volumes of water and materials. Pyrite, the most abundant sulfide mineral, is frequently associated with valuable minerals as a troublesome gangue. It causes severe technical and environmental difficulties. Thus, pyrite should be removed early in the beneficiation process to minimize its problematic issues. Recently, conventional inorganic pyrite depressants (such as cyanide, lime, and sulfur-oxy compounds) have been successfully assisted or even replaced with eco-friendly and green reagents (including polysaccharide-based substances and biodegradable acids). Yet, no comprehensive review is specified on the biodegradable acid depression reagents (such as tannic, lactic, humic acids, etc.) for pyrite removal through flotation separation. This study has comprehensively reviewed the previously conducted investigations in this area and provides suggestions for future assessments and developments. This robust review has systematically explored depression performance, various adsorption mechanisms, and aspects of these reagents on pyrite surfaces. Furthermore, factors affecting their efficiency were analyzed, and gaps within each area were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-based catalysts exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, platinum-based catalysts face significant challenges due to their rarity and high cost. This paper endeavors to shed light on a promising alternative: polyoxometalate (POM)-based catalysts, which possess significant potential for the synthesis of non-noble metal-based catalysts for the HER. Utilizing POMs as raw materials to assemble POM-derived materials, including POM-derived crystalline materials, metal sulfides, phosphides, carbides, nitrides, and so on, has emerged as an effective approach for the synthesis of hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts. This approach offers advantages in both stability and electrocatalytic performance. This comprehensive review navigates through latest progress in the assembly strategy and HER performance of POM-based crystal materials, alongside discussion on transition metal compounds derived from POMs, such as carbides, phosphides, and sulfides. Besides, future developments in POM-derived electrocatalyst regulation of the electrochemical HER are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the energy efficient and novel BaS 3 :La 2 S 3 :PrS 1.7 nanocomposite chalcogenide system synthesized using a single source precursor technique. The prepared metallic sulphide was marked by narrow band gap of 3.6 eV and 17.39 nm average crystallite size. Functional group analysis indicated the presence of various bonds inclusive of the metal sulphide bond. Morphologically, these nano-composite chalcogenide was expressive of the irregular shaped particles arranged in the form of agglomerates. The decomposition pattern of this chalcogenide took place in two steps shown by the thermal gravimetric analysis recorded in the range of 0–800 °C. The electrochemical charge-storing behavior was evaluated. According to cyclic voltammetric results in 1 M KOH, the fabricated electrode demonstrated favorable charge storage capabilities with a specific capacitance of 776.36 F g−1. This implies that the electrode has a large amount of potential for storing energy. Additionally, the impedance studies showed that this electrode had a specific power density of 7417.69 W kg−1 and a R s = 1.03 Ω. The OER overpotential and Tafel slope values are 457 mV and 78 mV/dec, respectively, while electrode produced a Tafel slope of 200 mV/dec and a HER overpotential value of 233 mV. • Novel BaS 3 :La 2 S 3 :PrS 1.7 with tuned narrow band gap. • Excellent specifications for energy applications. • Profound energy storage with of 776.36 F g−1 specific capacitance. • Specific power density of 7417.69 W kg−1 • Efficient HER electro-catalyst with 200 mV/dec Tafel slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low‐cost transition metal compounds with high‐performance for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance in promoting the development of electrocatalysis. In this study, a Ce‐doped Ni3S4 catalyst (Ce0.2−Ni3S4) was synthesized through a one‐step solvothermal method, where the doped rare earth element Ce induced the transformation of NiS to Ni3S4. The Ce0.2−Ni3S4 catalyst exhibited excellent OER performance in 1 M KOH. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, it showed a low overpotential of 230 mV and a low Tafel slope of 52.39 mV dec−1. Long‐term OER tests at the same potential lasted for 24 h without significant loss of current density. This work introduces a novel method of Ce element doping for modifying transition metal sulfides, providing new insights into the effective utilization of rare earth elements in the field of electrochemistry. It creates more chances for the progress of highly efficient catalysts for efficient OER, contributing to the advancement of electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a common and practical metal sulfide, and photocatalysis with metal sulfide is a viable solution for addressing significant water pollution issues. Simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was used to successfully produce Sb2S3 tubes for photocatalysis in this research. XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XPS and UV–Vis were used to examine the crystal structure, composition, morphology, and optical properties of the products. The photocatalytic activity of the Sb2S3 tubes was tested using a xenon lamp to simulate sunshine, methyl orange (MO) as a target degradation substance, and tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC) as a degradation substance. The results reveal that under xenon lamp illumination, the constructed Sb2S3 tubes has an excellent photocatalytic degradation rate for MO. The photocatalytic degradation rate of MO reaches 98.4% after 4 h, indicating good cycle performance, after five cycles, the degradation rate is 86.4%. During photocatalytic degradation, Sb2S3 was corroded and antimony oxide (Sb2O3) was formed. Sb2O3 on antimony Sb2S3 forms a Sb2S3/Sb2O3 heterojunction, which speeds up the reaction rate and improves cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping and morphology tailoring in metal sulfides up to nanoscale plays a vital role for better performance in various applications. Herein hydrothermally synthesized Co-doped nickel sulfide (NiS 2) nanostructures have been transformed from nano-rods to nano-sheets up to optimal doping concentration of 3 %. The phase changes, morphological modifications and elemental investigations have been analyzed by SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The morphology transitions revealed that NiCo 3 S exhibited sophisticated morphology of flower like structures formed by nano-sheet patterns. NiCo 3 S electrode possesses an auspicious capacitance of 1242 Fg_1 at 1 Ag_1 within potential window range of 0.1–0.8 V. In accordance with GCD study, CV and EIS study confirmed that NiCo 3 S is more electroactive and less resistive showing excellent stability up to 92 % after 5000 cycles. The power law (b = 0.71) showed the capacitive nature of the NiCo 3 S. The capacitive and diffusive behavior calculated by Dunn's relationship confirmed the pseudocapacitive charge storage behavior of NiCo 3 S electrode making this a potential candidate for electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional metal sulfide (SnS2) gas-sensitive sensing materials still have insufficient surface area and slow response/recovery times. To increase its gas-sensing performance, MoS2 nanoflower was produced hydrothermally and mechanically combined with SnS2 nanoplate. Extensive characterization results show that MoS2 was effectively integrated into SnS2. Four different concentrations of SnS2–MoS2 composites were evaluated for their NO2 gas sensitization capabilities. Among them, SnS2–15% MoS2 at 170 °C demonstrated the greatest response values to NO2, 7.3 for 1 ppm NO2, which is about three times greater than the SnS2 sensor at 170 °C (2.58). The creation of pn junctions following compositing with SnS2 was determined to be the primary reason for the composite's faster recovery time, while the heterojunction allowed for the rapid separation of hole–electron pairs. Because the MoS2 surface has multiple vacancy defects, the adsorption energy of these vacancies is significantly higher than that of other places, resulting in increased NO2 adsorption. Furthermore, MoS2 can serve as active adsorption sites for SnS2 micrometer sheets during gas sensing. This study may help to build new NO2 gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical NOx reduction reactions, involving nitrate and nitrite reduction reactions (NO3−RR and NO2−RR), have emerged as promising approaches for both NO3− and NO2− removal, and ammonium (NH3) synthesis under ambient conditions. However, the incorporation and stabilization of sulfur dopants in the catalysts for efficient NOx reduction are rarely explored, leading to an unclear effect of sulfur on the NOx reduction mechanism. Herein, sulfur‐doped Cu2O (S‐Cu2O) nanoneedle arrays via in situ electrochemical treatment are synthesized. The S‐Cu2O catalyst possesses excellent durability and selectivity for NH3 over a wide range of potentials in NO3−RR, attaining a maximum NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 94% at −0.6 VRHE and a maximum NH3 yield as high as 1.06 mmol h−1 cm−2. In NO3−RR, the sulfur dopant can accelerate the step from NO2− to NH3, contributing superior performance in NO2−RR and assembled Zn−NO2− battery device. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the presence of sulfur can enhance the initial step of *NO3 adsorption, lower the reaction barriers for the formation of *NHO intermediate, and activate the H2O dissociation process. The work sheds light on the role of sulfur in enhancing electrocatalytic performance and provides a unique perspective for understanding the NOx reduction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal sulfide-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride-based semiconductor catalysts have attracted considerable attention in the field of clean energy and environmental remediation because of their low cost, eco-friendliness, high efficiency, and ease of use. Herein, we demonstrate a facile one-pot synthesis of CuS nanoparticles in situ grown on the layered porous sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CuS/S-g-C3N4), which act as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. 4-Nitrophenol was reduced (converted into 4-aminophenol) by about 89.92% and 99.98% with S-g-C3N4 and CuS/S-g-C3N4 composites, respectively, within 3 min. The results demonstrate that the CuS/S-g-C3N4 nanohybrid composite showed superior catalytic performance compared to bare S-g-C3N4 due to the enhancement caused by increasing the affinity of accessible surface-active edge sites and interfacial contact allowing an effective modification of the electronic structure, high structural porosity, and richness in sulfur vacancy. Further, the fast electron transfer 4-NP reduction mechanism on CuS/S-g-C3N4 was explicated and discussed. Additionally, the CuS/S-g-C3N4 nanocomposite revealed good stability towards catalytic reduction even after repeated usage. Thus, the present study affords an in situ synthesis of CuS on the S-g-C3N4 nanocomposite for improving the catalytic conversion of the nitro group to the amine group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co–Mo sulfides with tube-like structures were prepared through a low-temperature pre-sulfurization process using rod-like CoMoO4 as the precursor. Pre-sulfurization solvents with different polarities markedly affected the textural properties, the concentration and microstructure of the active components, and the catalytic deoxygenation activity. The increased solvent polarity can promote the formation of hollow structures and the degree of sulfurization of the precursor, and the appropriate polarity of pre-sulfurization solvents is helpful for the sulfurization of CoMoO4 to form (Co)MoS2 slabs with shorter lengths and greater stacking numbers, which means more coordinatively unsaturated sites, especially corner sites. The results of the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of stearic acid suggested that a higher fc/fe resulted in a greater reaction rate of stearic acid, and the yields of the liquid products were highly dependent on the number of surface-active sites, which mainly originated from type II CoMoS species. Moreover, increasing the reaction temperature favored the direct hydrodeoxygenation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanogens often inhabit sulfidic environments that favor the precipitation of transition metals such as iron (Fe) as metal sulfides, including mackinawite (FeS) and pyrite (FeS2). These metal sulfides have historically been considered biologically unavailable. Nonetheless, methanogens are commonly cultivated with sulfide (HS-) as a sulfur source, a condition that would be expected to favor metal precipitation and thus limit metal availability. Recent studies have shown that methanogens can access Fe and sulfur (S) from FeS and FeS2 to sustain growth. As such, medium supplied with FeS2 should lead to higher availability of transition metals when compared to medium supplied with HS-. Here, we examined how transition metal availability under sulfidic (i.e., cells provided with HS-as sole S source) versus non-sulfidic (cells provided with FeS2 as sole S source) conditions impact the metalloproteome of Methanosarcina barkeri Fusaro. To achieve this, we employed size exclusion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and shotgun proteomics. Significant changes were observed in the composition and abundance of iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and molybdenum proteins. Among the differences were alterations in the stoichiometry and abundance of multisubunit protein complexes involved in methanogenesis and electron transport chains. Our data suggest that M. barkeri utilizes the minimal iron-sulfur cluster complex and canonical cysteine biosynthesis proteins when grown on FeS2 but uses the canonical Suf pathway in conjunction with the tRNA-Sep cysteine pathway for iron-sulfur cluster and cysteine biosynthesis under sulfidic growth conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using single‐source precursor route, this work reports the synthesis of the novel chalcogenide heterosystem, i.e., BaS:CoS:La2S3 trichalcogenide heterosystem. With the narrowed band gap energy, BaS:CoS:La2S3 expresses excellent photonic response with 3.47 eV of tailored band gap resulting from chemical synergism. This chalcogenide is marked by superior crystallinity and possessed an average crystallite size of 18.29 nm. Morphologically, BaS:CoS:La2S3 exists in the form of the roughly spherical grains arranged in the irregular manner. The developed chalcogenide is assessed for charge storage by fabricating the electrode using a nickel form as a support. In a 0.1 m KOH background electrolyte, the BaS:CoS:La2S3 adorns electrode excelled in achieving a specific capacitance of 967.24 F g−1. In addition, this trichalcogenide expresses the specific power density of 1659 W kg−1. Fabricated electrode retains original capacitance after different cycles. Regarding electrode–electrolyte interactions, the fabricated electrode shows minimal resistance, with an equivalent series resistance (Rs) of 1.42 Ω as indicated by impedance studies. Additional circuit elements, including CPE (Yo = 2.17 × 10−04, n = 0.71) and Rct (6.97 Ω cm−2), are obtained after circuit fitting for the BaS:CoS:La2S3 trichalcogenide decorated electrode. Exhibiting stable behavior for 43 h, the synthesized material demonstrates profound durability and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides with designed nanostructures are expected to provide superior electrochemical performance when used as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors compared to their oxide counterparts. In this paper, hollow Co3S4 dodecahedra were successfully prepared using cobalt‐based zeolite imidazolium skeleton (ZIF‐67) as the precursor and thioacetamide (TAA) as the sulfur source combined with a facile one‐step vulcanization process. The hollow cavity structure not only shortens the carrier transport distance but also provides a higher specific surface area and abundant active sites, which promotes an efficient mass transfer process. In addition, the one‐step synthesis of hollow Co3S4 has greater advantages than the one‐step synthesis in terms of cost control and process simplification. The specific capacitance of the produced hollow Co3S4 nanopolyhedra was 668 F/g at 1 A/g and remained at 353 F/g at 10 A/g when used as a pseudocapacitor electrode, demonstrating its superior multiplication capability. In addition, the capacitance retention is 86.4% after 5000 cycles at 4 A/g, indicating its long cycle stability. Notably, employing commercial activated carbon as negative electrode and the as‐prepared hollow Co3S4 polyhedrons as positive electrode, the assembled asymmetry supercapacitor device delivers a high energy density of 20.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 716 kW/kg. The capacitance value of the device remains up to 81.4% after 2000 charging/discharging cycles. The simple synthesis process opens new opportunities to develop advanced hollow nanostructures exhibiting potential for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand chondrite accretion and subsequent processes, the textures, crystallography, deformation, and compositions of some chondrite constituents in ten lithologies of different cluster texture strength were studied in seven weakly metamorphosed (Type 3) and variably shocked ordinary chondrites (Ragland—LL3 S1, Tieschitz—H/L3 S1, NWA 5421—LL3 S2, NWA 5205—LL3 S2, NWA 11905—LL3-5 S3, NWA 5781—LL3 S3, NWA 11351—LL3-6 S4) using optical and electron microscopy and microtomography techniques. Results support a four-stage model for chondrite formation. This includes 1) limited annealing following collisions during chondrule crystallization and rapid cooling in space prior to accretion, as evidenced by olivine microstructures consistent with dislocation recovery and diffusion; 2) initial accretion of still-warm chondrules into aggregates at an effective chondrite accretion temperature of ∼900-950 °C with nearly in situ impingement deformation between adjacent chondrules in strongly clustered lithologies (NWA 5781, Tieschitz, NWA 5421, NWA 5205 Lithology A), as evidenced by intragranular lattice distortions in olivine consistent with high-temperature slip systems, and by evidence that some olivine-rich objects in Tieschitz accreted while partly molten; 3) syn- or post-accretion bleaching of chondrule mesostases, which transferred feldspathic chondrule mesostasis to an interchondrule glass deposit found in strongly clustered lithologies, as evidenced by chemical data and textures; and 4) post-bleaching weak or strong shocks that resulted in destruction of interchondrule glass and some combination of brecciation, foliation of metal and sulfide, and melting and shock-overprinting effects, as evidenced by poor cluster textures and presence of clastic texture, alignment of metal and sulfide grains caused by shock compression, presence of impact-generated glass, and changes in olivine slip systems. The data support the model of Metzler (2012) , who suggested that chondrules in ordinary chondrites accreted while still warm to form cluster chondrite textures as a "primary accretionary rock" (our Stage 2), and that subsequent brecciation destroyed this texture to create chondrites with weak cluster texture (our Stage 4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, β-NiS nanoparticles (NPs) were efficiently prepared by a straightforward hydrothermal process. The difference in morphology between these NiS NPs was produced by adding different amounts of thiourea, and the corresponding products were denoted as NiS-15 and NiS-5. Through electrochemical tests, the specific capacity (Cs) of NiS-15 was determined to be 638.34 C g−1 at 1 A g−1, compared to 558.17 C g−1 for NiS-5. To explore the practical application potential of such β-NiS NPs in supercapacitors, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device was assembled with activated carbon (AC) as an anode. Benefitting from the high capacity of the NiS cathode and the large voltage window of the device, the NiS-15//AC HSC showed a high energy density (Ed) of 43.57 W h kg−1 at 936.92 W kg−1, and the NiS-5//AC HSC provided an inferior Ed of 37.89 W h kg−1 at 954.79 W kg−1. Both HSCs showed excellent cycling performance over 6000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The experimental findings suggest that both NiS-15 and NiS-5 in this study can serve as potential cathodes for high-performance supercapacitors. This current synthesis method is simple and can be extended to the preparation of other transition metal sulfide (TMS)-based electrode materials with exceptional electrochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study object was slag from the Balkhash copper smelter, obtained by re-melting anode mud containing nonferrous metals. The process flow for processing these slags includes sintering with Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and coal, followed by soda-alkaline leaching of the sinter and extraction of metals from the solution into marketable products. Since sintering is the main operation providing high selectivity, the composition of the products of this process was studied. The main transformations during sintering were determined, and the optimal parameters were identified. The structures of slags and sintered materials obtained during the experiments were studied by electron-probe microanalysis. Sintering was performed at 600–800 °C. The best results for sulphidization of slag components were obtained at 800 °C; a further increase in temperature leads to the smelting of sinter particles and slows down sulphidization. The optimal quantities of additives, based on the weight of the slag, are Na2SO4—45%, Na2CO3—15%, and reducing agent—41%, with a sintering time of 2 h. These conditions enable the sulphidization of non-ferrous metals in the slag to the entire depth of the polymetallic globules. The distinct concentration of harmful impurities (Ni, As, and Sb) was observed in the fine structure of the polymetallic globules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrodeposition, a binder-free technique, enables the formation of uniform and well-defined structures on the electrode surface. Herein, the material has directly grown on nickel foam by deposition through cyclic voltammetry at a fixed scan rate. The surface morphology of as-synthesized electrodes is observed with SEM and the electrochemical examination has been performed in three-electrode assembly. The highest specific capacitance attained from GCD analysis for MnS is 1453 F/g, CoS has 2476 F/g and CuS exhibits 1908 F/g at 6 A/g current density. The quantitative investigation of the inherent charge storage mechanism of an individual electrode is achieved by implementing different mathematical models on experimental data sets. The electrodes displayed a more diffusive contribution which uncovered our findings that each electrode illustrates the battery-grade properties. The results suggested that the fabricated electrode consumes an excellent potential as a high energy source for hybrid energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self-assembly strategy was proposed to fabricate polyaniline encapsulated hollow ZnS-SnS 2 heterojunction confined on MXene nanosheets, which demonstrates reversible capacity stabilized at 362.5 mAh/g for 250 cycles at −20 °C. [Display omitted] • Hollow bimetallic sulfides with heterojunction confined on MXene nanosheets are successfully synthesized. • The specific capacity of H-ZSSMP can reach 520.3 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 2 A/g. • The reversible capacity of H-ZSSMP can stabilize at 362.5 mAh/g for 250 cycles at −20 °C. • Theory calculation confirm heterogeneous interface speeds up the transfer of ions through the interfacal regulation effect of MXene on H-ZSS. Metal sulfides exhibit obvious volume expansion due to the inherent poor conductivity and large temperature fluctuations, leading to reduced storage capacity. Herein, an electrostatic self-assembly strategy was proposed to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) polyaniline (PANI) encapsulated hollow ZnS-SnS 2 (H-ZSS) heterojunction confined on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets (H-ZnS-SnS 2 @MXene@PANI, denoted as H-ZSSMP), which exhibits remarkable reversible capacity and cyclic stability (520.3 mAh/g at 2 A/g after 1000 cycles) at room temperature. Additionally, specific capacity can stabilized at 362.5 mAh/g for 250 cycles at −20 °C. A full cell with the configuration of H-ZSSMP//lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) can retain a satisfactory reversible capacity of 424.7 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Theory calculations confirm heterogeneous interface can accelerate the transfer of ions through the interfacial regulation effect of MXene on H-ZSS. Our work provides a simple strategy to improve the capacity and stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as well as the new applications of MXene and bimetallic sulfides as anode materials, which will facilitate the development of MXene based composites for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Introducing the appropriate vacancies to augment the active sites and improve the electrochemical kinetics while maintaining high cyclability is a major challenge for its widespread application in electrochemical energy storage. Here, core–shell structured Bi 2 S 3 @C with sulfur vacancies was prepared by hydrothermal method and one-step carbonization/sulfuration process, which significantly improves the intrinsic electrical conductivity and ion transport efficiency of Bi 2 S 3. Additionally, the uniform protective carbon layer around surface of composite maintains structural stability and effectively alleviates volume expansion during alloying/dealloying. As a result, the BSC-500 anode exhibits a brilliant reversible capacity of 636 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g and a long-term stable capacity of 524 mAh/g for 500 cycles at a high current density of 3 A/g in lithium-ion batteries. In addition, the assembled Bi 2 S 3 @C//LiCoO 2 full cell delivered a capacity of 184 mAh/g at 1 A/g and excellent cyclability (125 mAh/g after 1000 cycles). The proposed strategy of combining sulfur vacancies with a core–shell structure to improve the electrochemical kinetics of Bi 2 S 3 in lithium-ion batteries off the prospect for practical applications of transition metal sulfide anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples were recently collected from the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu, by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Hayabusa2 mission. They resemble CI chondrites material, thus showing clear evidence of extensive aqueous alteration attested by the widespread presence of a mixture of serpentine and saponite. We present here a scanning transmission electron microscopy study of the Ryugu dominant lithology of the phyllosilicate matrix at the nanometer scale, which we compare with that of the Orgueil CI chondrite. In both objects, the phyllosilicates are of comparable nature and texture, consisting of a mixture of small‐sized crystallites of serpentine and saponite. At the micrometer scale or less, the texture is an alternation of fine and coarse domains. The fine‐grained regions are dominated by saponite. In Ryugu, they enclose numerous Fe,Ni nanosulfides, whereas in Orgueil, S‐ and Ni‐rich ferrihydrite is abundant. The coarse‐grained regions contain more serpentine and no or little Fe,Ni sulfides or ferrihydrite. Scanning transmission x‐ray microscopy at the Fe‐L3 edge also reveals that iron valency of phyllosilicates is higher and more homogeneous in Orgueil (~70% Fe3+) than in Ryugu (<50% Fe3+). We interpret the observed textures as being mostly a consequence of aqueous alteration, likely resulting from the replacement by phyllosilicates of submicrometric components, initially agglomerated by a primary accretion. The fine‐grained domains may result from the replacement of GEMS (GEMS—glass with embedded metal and sulfides) objects or from other types of nanometric assemblages of silicate and Fe‐based nanophases. On the other hand, the coarse‐grained regions may correspond to the replacement of anhydrous crystalline silicates of the olivine and pyroxene type. The major difference is the presence of Fe,Ni sulfides in Ryugu and of ferrihydrite and higher iron valency of phyllosilicates in Orgueil. This might be due to long‐term terrestrial weathering that would have destabilized the nanosulfides. We also explore an alternative scenario involving more oxidizing hydrothermal conditions on the Orgueil parent body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient sulfur (S) can reduce rice yield under certain soil conditions. The availability of S in paddy soils is determined by the concentrations of inorganic S and some heavy metals that react with sulfide ions to form sparingly soluble sulfides. In order to evaluate the S fertility of paddy soils, a predictive model was formulated to simulate the formation of sulfides and the effect of heavy metal content on the concentration of sulfate ions (SO42-) in the soil solution under reducing conditions. The basic computational algorithm of the model was an iterative method incorporating the equilibria of major aqueous species, sparingly soluble salts, and soil adsorption. A field survey was also conducted to evaluate S availability in actual rice paddy soils. SO42- and heavy metal contents were measured in 250 paddy fields located in central Japan. The model calculation using the field survey results showed that as the redox potential (Eh) decreases from −80 to −170 mV, sulfide-forming metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) take precedence over iron (Fe) in sulfide formation. The major sulfides present were chalcocite (Cu2S), greenockite (CdS), sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS) and α-NiS, Due to their predominance in paddy soil, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) have a strong influence on the reduction of SO42- concentration. The formation of metal sulfides increases the Eh value corresponding to the critical SO42- concentration and decreases the S availability under the individual Eh condition. The model calculation also showed that an increase in sulfide-forming metal content leads to S deficiency, even if the SO42- content is not exceeded. Model calculations for each geographical division against the field survey results suggest that S deficiency is more likely to occur in lowland paddy fields formed by river sediments than in Andisols on terraces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts from the scientific community and the private sector are required to lower the costs of large‐scale production of nanomaterials (NMs) to enhance their commercialization. In this work, the computer‐aided process design of large‐scale NM synthesis procedures is comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, a generalized process flow diagram for all large‐scale production processes was constructed by surveying numerous scalable experimental procedures reported in the literature. Previous studies reporting simulation cases of large‐scale production processes of NMs and nanocomposites (NCs) are also reviewed based on the type of material produced, e.g., oxides, sulfides, carbonaceous materials, organic materials, metals, and other types of NMs. Finally, technical insights from classical chemical engineering specializations, such as altering process configurations, optimizing process variables, integrating chemical processes, utilizing renewable energy sources, conducting computational calculations, employing machine learning techniques, and studying the process's environmental impact, are reviewed for large‐scale NMs and NCs synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1889 the German poet and novelist Theodor Fontane wrote the popular literary ballad “Herr von Ribbeck auf Ribbeck im Havelland.” The Squire von Ribbeck is described as a gentle and generous person, who often gives away pears from his pear trees to children passing by and continued donating pears after his death. Now, 135 years later the rock called Ribbeck is giving us insight into processes that happened 4.5 billion years ago. The meteorite Ribbeck (official find location: 52°37′15″N, 12°45′40″E) fell January 21, 2024, and has been classified as a brecciated aubrite. This meteoroid actually entered the Earth's atmosphere at 00:32:38 UTC over Brandenburg, west of Berlin, and the corresponding fireball was recorded by professional all sky and video cameras. More than 200 pieces (two proved by radionuclide analysis to belong to this fresh fall) were recovered totaling about 1.8 kg. Long‐lived radionuclide and noble gas data are consistent with long cosmic ray exposure (55–62 Ma) and a preatmospheric radius of Ribbeck between 20 and 30 cm. The heavily brecciated aubrite consists of major (76 ± 3 vol%) coarse‐grained FeO‐free enstatite (En99.1Fs<0.04Wo0.9), with a significant abundance (15.0 ± 2.5 vol%) of albitic plagioclase (Ab95.3 An2.0Or2.7), minor forsterite (5.5 ± 1.5 vol%; Fo99.9) and 3.5 ± 1.0 vol% of opaque phases (mainly sulfides and metals) with traces of nearly FeO‐free diopside (En53.2Wo46.8) and K‐feldspar (Ab4.6Or95.4). The rock has a shock degree of S3 (U‐S3), and terrestrial weathering has affected metals and sulfides, resulting in the brownish appearance of rock pieces and the partial destruction of certain sulfides already within days after the fall. The bulk chemical data confirm the feldspar‐bearing aubritic composition. Ribbeck is closely related to the aubrite Bishopville. Ribbeck does not contain solar wind implanted gases and is a fragmental breccia. Concerning the Ti‐ and O‐isotope compositions, the data are similar to those of other aubrites. They are also similar to E chondrites and fall close to the data point for the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). Before the Ribbeck meteoroid entered Earth's atmosphere, it was observed in space as asteroid 2024 BX1. The aphelion distance of 2024 BX1's orbit lies in the innermost region of the asteroid belt, which is populated by the Hungaria family of minor planets characterized by their E/X‐type taxonomy and considered as the likely source of aubrites. The spectral comparison of an average large‐scale emission spectrum of Mercury converted into reflectance and of the Ribbeck meteorite spectrum does not show any meaningful similarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to value-added products is regarded as a sustainable strategy to mitigate global warming and energy crisis, and designing highly efficient and robust catalysts is essential. In this work, transition metal sulfides (TMS)-decorated CuS microflower-like structures were prepared via the one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method for ECR to CO, and the influence of TMS doping on ECR performance was demonstrated. Characterization of the catalysts was performed using XRD, FESEM-EDS, N2 physisorption, and XPS, revealing the successful loading of TMS, the formation of microflower-like architectures and the generation of sulfur vacancies. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that doping ZnS, Bi2S3, CdS and MoS2 improved the intrinsic CO2 reduction activity of the CuS catalyst. Particularly, the MoS2-CuS composite catalyst with imperfect petal-like structure showed uniform distribution of edge Mo sites, which worked synergistically with the formed grain boundaries (GBs) and undercoordinated S vacancy sites in promoting CO2 activation, stabilizing *COOH adsorption, facilitating *CO desorption, and lowering the energy barrier of the potential-limiting step for improved CO selectivity. The MoS2-CuS catalyst achieved a maximum CO selectivity of 83.2% at –0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a high CO cathodic energetic efficiency of 100%. At this potential, the catalyst maintained stable catalytic activity and CO selectivity during a 333-min electrolysis process. The findings will offer a promising avenue for the development of efficient and stable catalysts for CO production from ECR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nKEY POINTSPlatinum group elements (PGEs) are commonly hosted by base metal sulfides (BMSs, e.g. chalcopyrite or pentlandite) or platinum group minerals (PGMs). PGE-bearing phases are generally small, ranging from tens of nanometres to a few micrometres. In addition, PGEs can be hosted in PGMs, either intimately associated with BMSs or spatially separated. This poses a difficulty in their detection and analysis, and leads to uncertainty in identification of their mineral hosts. Their erratic occurrence introduces a substantial nugget effect in bulk rock assays, used to evaluate deposit economics on a larger scale. Knowledge of PGE hosts has a direct influence on resource management and extraction efficiency, making the understanding of mineral distribution important for processing. The Eastman Ultramafic Intrusion is a layered mafic–ultramafic intrusive complex in the Eastern Kimberley of Western Australia. Samples from Cu–Co–Ni–PGE exploration drilling at Eastman were bulk-assayed and found to contain up to 2.39 ppm PGEs. The rocks have been strongly altered and no longer represent their primary magmatic mineral assemblage and textures. To better understand the Eastman PGE mineralogy, we applied a multi-method approach of quantitative analytical electron microscopy, 3D scanning and in situ mass spectrometry. We find that Pt is primarily hosted in sperrylite, whereas Pd is mainly associated with kotulskite, pseudomertieite, testibiopalladite, sudburyite and michenerite. Additionally, minor Pt and Pd occur in solid solution within cobaltite, as well as Rh-rich cobaltite (hollingworthite). Spatially, PGMs and cobaltite are mostly clustered on a millimetric scale, and BMSs on a micrometric scale.Three-dimensional computed tomography scanning is a valuable tool for understanding PGM distribution, nugget effect scale and narrowing down interest areas for sample analysis.Guided by 3D scanning, combined quantitative analytical electron microscopy and i mass spectrometry are effective for finding and identifying PGEs.Platinum is overwhelmingly hosted in the arsenide sperrylite, whereas palladium is mostly hosted in various bismuthides and tellurides. Cobaltite contains minor Pt and Pd.The Eastman mineralisation is primarily orthomagmatic, and later reequilibration at low temperature redistributed palladium but not platinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PTFE-based dry-processed technology is used to prepare flexible Li 6 PS 5 Cl membrane and FeS 2 composite cathode membrane. • Due to the robust adhesion of PTFE, intimate contact is obtained at 100 MPa which is one-fifth of conventional pressure. • PTFE attaches the electrochemical sluggish products to an ion–electron conductive network to improve cyclic stability. • The flexible FeS 2 -ASSLBs exhibit excellent cyclic stability under the stack pressure of 100 MPa. All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered promising energy storage systems due to their high energy density and inherent safety. However, scalable fabrication of ASSLBs based on transition metal sulfide cathodes through the conventional powder cold-pressing method with ultrahigh stacking pressure remains challenging. This article elucidates a dry process methodology for preparing flexible and high-performance FeS 2 -based ASSLBs under low stack pressure by utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder. In this design, fibrous PTFE interweaves Li 6 PS 5 Cl particles and FeS 2 cathode components, forming flexible electrolyte and composite cathode membranes. Beneficial to the robust adhesion, the composite cathode and Li 6 PS 5 Cl membranes are tightly compacted under a low stacking pressure of 100 MPa which is a fifth of the conventional pressure. Moreover, the electrode/electrolyte interface can sustain adequate contact throughout electrochemical cycling. As expected, the FeS 2 -based ASSLBs exhibit outstanding rate performance and cyclic stability, contributing a reversible discharged capacity of 370.7 mAh g−1 at 0.3C after 200 cycles. More importantly, the meticulous dQ/dV analysis reveals that the three-dimensional PTFE binder effectively binds the discharge products with sluggish kinetics (Li 2 S and Fe) to the ion–electron conductive network in the composite cathode, thereby preventing the electrochemical inactivation of products and enhancing electrochemical performance. Furthermore, FeS 2 -based pouch-type cells are fabricated, demonstrating the potential of PTFE-based dry-process technology to scale up ASSLBs from laboratory-scale mold cells to factory-scale pouch cells. This feasible dry-processed technology provides valuable insights to advance the practical applications of ASSLBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Produced waters are often treated in open lagoons where hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can off gas, posing a risk to human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to optimize a treatment process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize H2S while minimizing off gassing. Samples of produced water from West Texas and laboratory-prepared waters utilizing sodium sulfide (Na2S) or biogenic polysulfides were oxidized with H2O2 alone or in combination with copper or iron catalysts, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or a commercial sulfide oxidizer, HydroPower Green™. Sulfur speciation was measured using Hach test kits for sulfide/sulfate/sulfite and Dräger tubes for headspace H2S. HydroPower Green™ (HPG) helped to reduce H2S in the headspace of water samples; some of this was pH related as NaOH also worked, but not as well as HPG. The dose of peroxide necessary to oxidize sulfides to sulfate is a function of the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of the water and total sulfide concentration as well as pH; approximately a 1–4:1 ratio of peroxide to sulfide concentration was needed to oxidize sulfidic waters of pH 7–10 with half-lives under 30 min. Both copper and iron catalysts reduce H2O2 demand and the half-life of H2S. Peracetic acid (PAA) and copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4, 5H2O) were explored as biocides for controlling sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) that produce H2S. An AquaSnap (Hygenia) test kit was employed to monitor relative microbial activity in a wetland porewater containing H2S. Microbial regrowth occurred after a few days using the highest dose of PAA; these results showed that PAA was being used by bacteria as a carbon source even after the initial substantial reduction in the microbial activity. CuSO4, 5H2O at a dose of 1 ppm prevented microbial regrowth. The recommended treatment process from this research is determined by jar testing with H2O2, a base for pH control, a biocide, and possibly a metal catalyst or other co-oxidants in order to achieve oxidation of sulfides without H2S release or the precipitation of metal carbonates or oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To replace depleting freshwater resources, seawater, with its abundance and economy, has become a more favourable option for water electrolysis. However, seawater electrolysis necessitates electrocatalysts with excellent activity as well as resistance to Cl− corrosion. Herein, we utilized a biowaste, eggshell membranes, as a versatile platform to fabricate sulfide electrocatalysts for the oxygen revolution reaction (OER). Structural analyses including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy tests indicated that the introduction of iron into the cobalt sulfide lattice greatly modified the structures of the sulfide. Electrochemical tests and operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy showed that the introduction of Fe adjusted the electronic structure of Co9S8, facilitating the formation of Co4+ species, which serve as the major active sites for OER, thereby effectively improving the catalyst performance. The optimal Co8FeS8/ESM-900 sample can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline freshwater, simulated seawater, and natural seawater at overpotentials of 270, 271, and 324 mV, respectively, which are lower than the overpotentials of 273, 272, and 337 mV obtained from IrO2. The sulphate passivation layer formed during the OER process can effectively repel Cl−, leading to outstanding corrosion resistance. The Co8FeS8/ESM-900 catalyst can be continuously operated in seawater electrolysis for 200 000 s. A (−)Pt/C‖‖Co8FeS8/ESM-900(+) electrolyzer required only 1.629, 1.623, and 1.648 V to yield a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the electrolysis of alkaline freshwater, simulated seawater, and natural seawater, respectively, which are superior to the performance of the (−)Pt/C‖‖IrO2(+) electrolyzer. In virtue of its low cost, high efficiency and outstanding stability, the catalyst reported in this study is promising in practical seawater electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northwest Africa (NWA) 14672, the most highly shocked Martian meteorite so far, has experienced >50% melting, compatible with peak pressure >~65 Gpa, at a transition stage 6/7. Despite these extreme shock conditions, the meteorite still preserves a population of “large” Fe sulfide blebs from the pre‐shock igneous assemblage. These primary blebs preserve characteristics of basaltic shergottites in term of modal abundance, preferential occurrence in interstitial pores along with late‐crystallized phases (ilmenite, merrillite), and Ni‐free pyrrhotite compositions. Primary sulfides underwent widespread shock‐induced remelting, as indicated by perfect spherical morphologies when embedded in fine‐grained silicate melt zones and a wealth of mineral/glass/vesicle inclusions. Extensive melting of Fe‐sulfides is consistent with the decompression path experienced by NWA 14672 after the peak shock pressure at ~70 GPa. Primary sulfides acted as preferential sites for nucleation of vesicles of all sizes which helped sulfur degassing during decompression, leading to partial resorption of Fe‐sulfide blebs and reequilibration of pyrrhotite metal/sulfur ratios (0.96–0.98) toward the low oxygen fugacity conditions indicated by Fe‐Ti oxides hosted in fine‐grained materials. The extreme shock intensity also provided suitable conditions for widespread in situ redistribution of igneous sulfur as micrometric globules concentrated in glassy portions of fine‐grained lithologies. These globules exsolved early on quenching, allowing dendritic skeletal Fe‐Ti oxide overgrowths to nucleate on sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are considered a competitive next‐generation electrochemical energy storage device, while the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) resulting from the sluggish redox kinetics severely impedes their practical applications. Herein, a novel cation doping strategy is demonstrated for substantially accelerating the sulfur redox kinetics on the transition metal sulfide (TMS) electrocatalysts by partially substituting cobalt atoms with in situ dissolved Ni dopants (NixCo3‐xS4, 0

Metal sulfide (MS) is regarded as a promising candidate of the anode materials for sodium‐ion battery (SIB) with ideal capacity and low cost, yet still suffers from the inferior cycling stability and voltage degradation. Herein, the coordination relationship between the discharge product Na2S with the Na+ (NaPF6) in the electrolyte, is revealed as the root cause for the cycling failure of MS. Na+‐coordination effect assistants the dissolution of Na2S, further delocalizing Na2S from the reaction interface under the function of electric field, which leads to the solo oxidation of the discharge product element metal without the participation of Na2S. Besides, the higher highest occupied molecular orbital of Na2S suggest the facilitated Na2S solo oxidation to produce sodium polysulfides (NaPSs). Based on these, lowering the Na+ concentration of the electrolyte is proposed as a potential improvement strategy to change the coordination environment of Na2S, suppressing the side reactions of the solo‐oxidation of element metal and Na2S. Consequently, the enhanced conversion reaction reversibility and prolonged cycle life are achieved. This work renders in‐depth perception of failure mechanism and inspiration for realizing advanced conversion‐type anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large size of K‐ion makes the pursuit of stable high‐capacity anodes for K‐ion batteries (KIBs) a formidable challenge, particularly for high temperature KIBs as the electrode instability becomes more aggravated with temperature climbing. Herein, we demonstrate that a hollow ZnS@C nanocomposite (h‐ZnS@C) with a precise shell modulation can resist electrode disintegration to enable stable high‐capacity potassium storage at room and high temperature. Based on a model electrode, we identify an interesting structure‐function correlation of the h‐ZnS@C: with an increase in the shell thickness, the cyclability increases while the rate and capacity decrease, shedding light on the design of high‐performance h‐ZnS@C anodes via engineering the shell thickness. Typically, the h‐ZnS@C anode with a shell thickness of 60 nm can deliver an impressive comprehensive performance at room temperature; the h‐ZnS@C with shell thickness increasing to 75 nm can achieve an extraordinary stability (88.6 % capacity retention over 450 cycles) with a high capacity (450 mAh g−1) and a superb rate even at an extreme temperature of 60 °C, which is much superior than those reported anodes. This contribution envisions new perspectives on rational design of functional metal sulfides composite toward high‐performance KIBs with insights into the significant structure‐function correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the development of a heterogeneous copper-based catalyst, Cu3N NC, for the protosilylation of unsaturated compounds. The catalyst was found to be effective in the synthesis of various silanes from alkynes, alkenes, and imines under base- and ligand-free conditions. The Cu3N NC catalyst demonstrated high activity and durability, and it could be reused multiple times without significant loss of activity. The article also presents the protosilylation of alkynes with electron-withdrawing groups, the protosilylation of alkenes, and the protosilylation of imines using the Cu3N NC catalyst. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable technologies for the production of valuable silanes. [Extracted from the article]

Heterogeneous catalysis promises to accelerate sulfur-involved conversion reactions in lithium-sulfur batteries. Solid-state Li2S dissociation remains as the rate-limiting step because of the weakly matched solid-solid electrocatalysis interfaces. We propose an electrochemically molecular-imprinting strategy to have a metal sulfide (MS) catalyst with imprinted defects in positions from which the pre-implanted Li2S has been electrochemically removed. Such tailor-made defects enable the catalyst to bind exclusively to Li atoms in Li2S reactant and elongate the Li–S bond, thus decreasing the reaction energy barrier during charging. The imprinted Ni3S2 catalyst shows the best activity due to the highest defect concentration among the MS catalysts examined. The Li2S oxidation potential is substantially reduced to 2.34 V from 2.96 V for the counterpart free of imprinted vacancies, and an Ah-level pouch cell is realized with excellent cycling performance. With a lean electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 1.80 μL mgS–1, the cell achieves a benchmarkedly high energy density beyond 500 Wh kg–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there have been important breakthroughs in the exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium (U) deposits in the Louzhuangzi district of the southern Junggar Basin. Between 2020 and 2023, a medium-sized sandstone-hosted uranium deposit production area was identified in the region. Only a few investigations have been conducted at the Louzhuangzi U deposit, including those analyzing its geological–tectonic evolution, basic geological features, hydrogeology, and ore-controlling factors. It is generally believed that uranium mineralization at the Louzhuangzi U deposit is controlled by a redox zone. Organic matter (referred to as OM hereafter) consisting of bitumen and carbonaceous debris is very common in the uranium ores (especially in high-grade ores) at the Louzhuangzi U deposit. However, the characteristics of the OM and its contribution to uranium's mineralization have not been studied in detail. In this study, OM-rich U-ores, altered sandstone, and barren sandstone samples were collected for petrography, mineralogical, micro-spectroscopy, carbon, and sulfur isotope studies. The results of this study show that the distribution of U minerals and metal sulfides (pyrite, sphalerite, etc.) was strictly controlled by bitumen at the Louzhuangzi U deposit. The bitumen may have been formed by hydrocarbon-rich and U-rich ore-forming fluids, which were formed after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the underlying Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks. The fluids contained U, Zn, Fe, and other metal elements, which migrated together and then precipitated into the oxidized Toutunhe Formation sandstone through cracking and differentiation processes. Therefore, the results indicate that migrated hydrocarbons were involved in U mineralization, in addition to oxidation–reduction processes, in the Louzhuangzi district, south of the Junggar Basin (China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a reasonable design of a lithiophilic artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to induce the uniform deposition of Li+ ions and improve the Coulombic efficiency and energy density of batteries is a key task for the development of high-performance lithium metal anodes. Herein, a high-performance separator for lithium metal anodes was designed by the in situ growth of a metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived transition metal sulfide array as an artificial SEI on polypropylene separators (denoted as Co9S8-PP). The high ionic conductivity and excellent morphology provided a convenient transport path and fast charge transfer kinetics for lithium ions. The experimental data illustrate that, compared with commercial polypropylene separators, the Li//Cu half-cell with a Co9S8-PP separator can be cycled stably for 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Meanwhile, a Li//LiFePO4 full cell with a Co9S8-PP separator exhibits ultra-long cycle stability at 0.2 C with an initial capacity of 148 mAh g−1 and maintains 74% capacity after 1000 cycles. This work provides some new strategies for using transition metal sulfides to induce the uniform deposition of lithium ions to create high-performance lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With society's rapid progress, there is an increasing need for electricity among individuals, but the prevailing source of electricity is still mainly obtained through the burning of nonrenewable fossil fuels, which are not renewable and pose serious environmental hazards. Lithium-ion batteries are used widely for excellent rechargeable capabilities and high energy density. Recently, researchers have become increasingly interested in transition metal sulfides owing to their cost-effectiveness and remarkable specific capacity. However, their commercialization has been hindered by the expansion of material volume and low electrical conductivity during charging and discharging. We have successfully designed and synthesized MoS2 nanosheets loaded on carbon spheres with a 3D hollow structure starting from SiO2 as a template. Due to the doping of carbon materials and particular 3D hollow structures, the optimal C/MoS2-0.3 hollow nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Following exposure to over 900 cycles at a 0.5 A g-1 ampere density, the materials exhibited an exceptional 958.50 mAh g-1 reversible capacity, demonstrating their remarkable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) are capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis via oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds and are considered key drivers of the sulfur cycle in a range of anoxic environments. In this study, we show that Allochromatium vinosum (a PSB species) is capable of autotrophic growth using pyrite as the electron and sulfur source. Comparative growth profile, substrate characterization, and transcriptomic sequencing data provided valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the bacterial utilization of pyrite and autotrophic growth. Specifically, the pyrite-supported cell cultures ("py"') demonstrated robust but much slower growth rates and distinct patterns from their sodium sulfide-amended positive controls. Up to ~200-fold upregulation of genes encoding various c- and b-type cytochromes was observed in "py," pointing to the high relevance of these molecules in scavenging and relaying electrons from pyrite to cytoplasmic metabolisms. Conversely, extensive downregulation of genes related to LH and RC complex components indicates that the electron source may have direct control over the bacterial cells' photosynthetic activity. In terms of sulfur metabolism, genes encoding periplasmic or membrane-bound proteins (e.g., FccAB and SoxYZ) were largely upregulated, whereas those encoding cytoplasmic proteins (e.g., Dsr and Apr groups) are extensively suppressed. Other notable differentially expressed genes are related to flagella/fimbriae/pilin(+), metal efflux(+), ferrienterochelin(-), and [NiFe] hydrogenases(+). Characterization of the biologically reacted pyrite indicates the presence of polymeric sulfur. These results have, for the first time, put the interplay of PSB and transition metal sulfide chemistry under the spotlight, with the potential to advance multiple fields, including metal and sulfur biogeochemistry, bacterial extracellular electron transfer, and artificial photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]