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1. Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector

Author

Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, James E. Galagan, Ryan C. Kennedy, Zhiyong Xi, Jason R. Miller, Eric Eisenstadt, Kyanne R. Reidenbach, Robert V. Bruggner, Yu-Hui Rogers, Hadi Quesneville, Doreen Werner, Owen White, Alexander S. Raikhel, Mario Stanke, J. Spencer Johnston, Diane D. Lovin, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, Ian T. Paulsen, Kathryn S. Campbell, Norman H. Lee, Ewan Birney, Karyn Megy, Hean Koo, David Kulp, Shelby L. Bidwell, Jingsong Zhu, Philip Montgomery, Paolo Amedeo, Yongmei Zhao, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Javier Costas, Michael C. Schatz, Steven P. Sinkins, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Martin Shumway, Kurt LaButti, Akio Mori, Brendan J. Loftus, Manfred Grabherr, Eric O. Stinson, Frank H. Collins, Zhijian Jake Tu, Monique R. Coy, Matt Crawford, Janice P. Vanzee, William M. Gelbart, Joshua Orvis, Peter Arensburger, Chunhong Mao, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Saul A. Kravitz, Suely Lopes Gomes, David DeCaprio, David G. Hogenkamp, Daniel Lawson, Dennis L. Knudson, David W. Severson, George Dimopoulos, Marcelo B. Soares, Sinéad B. O'Leary, Peter W. Atkinson, David M. Jaffe, Becky deBruyn, Martin Hammond, Ana L. T. O. Nascimento, Jim Biedler, Stefan Wyder, Jose M. C. Tubio, Bruce W. Birren, Catherine A. Hill, Chad Nusbaum, Eduardo Lee, Song Li, Susan E. Brown, Jennifer R. Wortman, James R. Hogan, Hamza El-Dorry, Qi Zhao, Linda Hannick, Carlos Frederico Martins Menck, Vishvanath Nene, Jonathan Crabtree, Steven L. Salzberg, Michael H. Holmes, Maria de Fatima Bonaldo, Quinghu Ren, Mihaela Pertea, Charles Roth, Evan Mauceli, Karin Eiglmeier, Horacio Naveira, Brian J. Haas, Qiandong Zeng, Neil F. Lobo, Jennifer R. Schneider, The Institute for Genomic Research, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] ( EMBL-EBI ), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard ( BROAD INSTITUTE ), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ) -Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Geneva Medical School, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics-University of Geneva Medical School, University of Notre Dame ( UND ), Harvard University [Cambridge], College of Agricultural Sciences Colorado State University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ) -College of Agricultural Sciences, Northwestern University [Evanston], University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centro Nacional de Genotipado Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Centro Nacional de Genotipado-Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ) -Instituto de Quimica, Texas A&M University [College Station], Joint Technology Center, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ) -Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], Universidade da Coruña, University of Maryland [College Park], Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California [Santa Cruz] ( UCSC ), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Universität Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, George Washington University Medical Center, George Washington University ( GW ), The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Geneva Medical School, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-College of Agricultural Sciences, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-Instituto de Quimica, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB/USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), University of Maryland System, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], The George Washington University (GW), George Washington University (GW), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Geneva Medical School, Harvard University, University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB/USP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Zdobnov, Evgeny, and Wyder, Stefan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Transcription, Genetic, Genome, Insect, transposons, receptors, Genes, Insect, Aedes/ genetics/metabolism, MESH: Genes, Insect, Yellow Fever/prevention & control/transmission, MESH: Base Sequence, 01 natural sciences, Dengue/prevention & control/transmission, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Arboviruses, MESH : Insect Vectors, MESH: Insect Proteins, MESH : Anopheles gambiae, MESH: Animals, MESH : Arboviruses, insects, MESH: Yellow Fever, superfamily, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Anopheles, MESH : Genes, Insect, 3. Good health, yellow-fever mosquito, anopheles-gambiae, drosophila-melanogaster, expression, evolution, organization, Drosophila melanogaster, MESH: DNA Transposable Elements, [ SDV.BBM.GTP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Multigene Family, Public Health, MESH : Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Sex Characteristics, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Multigene Family, MESH: Sex Determination (Genetics), MESH : Sex Determination (Genetics), Arbovirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Anopheles gambiae, Yellow Fever, MESH: Species Specificity, Humans, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, fungi, MESH : Humans, MESH : Sex Characteristics, Membrane Transport Proteins, Sex Determination Processes, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Sex Determination (Genetics), MESH: Multigene Family, MESH: Female, MESH : Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Drosophila melanogaster/genetics, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Odorant binding, Insect Proteins/genetics, Anopheles gambiae, MESH: Dengue, Genome, MESH: Membrane Transport Proteins, Dengue, MESH : Membrane Transport Proteins, Aedes, Insect Vectors/ genetics/metabolism, MESH : Drosophila melanogaster, MESH : Female, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, Genetics, MESH : Insect Proteins, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Synteny, MESH: Aedes, MESH : Genome, Insect, MESH : DNA Transposable Elements, Insect Proteins, Female, Orthologous Gene, MESH : Male, MESH : Dengue, Aedes aegypti, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Synteny, MESH: Drosophila melanogaster, Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics, MESH : Yellow Fever, parasitic diseases, medicine, MESH : Species Specificity, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Aedes, Base Sequence, MESH: Genome, Insect, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, MESH : Synteny, MESH : Transcription, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, DNA Transposable Elements, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, Arboviruses, Anopheles gambiae/genetics/metabolism
Abstract

We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti , the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at ∼1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of ∼4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster . Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of ∼2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.

Published
2016
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2. Comparative behavioral effects between synthetic 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) and the odor of natural fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces in mice

Author

Gérard Brand, Annie Lucarz, Grégory Pourié, G. Buron, Laurence Jacquot, Romain Hacquemand, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques - UFC (EA 481) (NEURO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques - UFC ( NEURO ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Male, Vulpes, animal diseases, MESH : Vagina, Foxes, Anxiety, MESH : Behavior, Animal, Developmental psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Feces, Mice, MESH : Anxiety, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Thiazoles, MESH: Behavior, Animal, General activity, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, Feces odor, Sex Characteristics, biology, Behavior, Animal, 05 social sciences, MESH: Feces, MESH: Stress, Psychological, MESH : Odors, MESH: Motor Activity, Vagina, population characteristics, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Psychology, MESH: Sex Characteristics, MESH : Male, MESH: Thiazoles, Zoology, Estrous Cycle, Motor Activity, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Mice, parasitic diseases, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, MESH: Mice, MESH : Foxes, Estrous cycle, MESH: Odors, MESH: Foxes, MESH: Anxiety, MESH : Sex Characteristics, MESH : Feces, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH : Stress, Psychological, Thiazoles, Odor, MESH: Vagina, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Odorants, MESH: Estrous Cycle, MESH : Animals, MESH : Estrous Cycle, MESH : Motor Activity, MESH: Female, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

International audience; Synthetic 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT)--a component of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces--is frequently used to induce unconditioned fear in rodents. Surprisingly, direct comparison between TMT and natural fox feces odor is almost nonexistent. In this study, Experiment 1 compared the avoidance in relation to TMT concentration, natural fox feces, and gender of fox and mice. Results show that the avoidance is (a) higher with either pure or 50% TMT as compared to natural fox feces, whereas the difference is slight with 10% TMT, and (b) significantly higher for the female mouse group compared to the male mouse group with TMT as well as natural fox feces. In addition, no clear difference in effect was observed between male and female fox feces. Experiment 2 compared behavioral parameters recorded as an index of fear and anxiety, general activity, and avoidance in elevated plus-maze and open-field chamber between 10% TMT and natural fox feces in relation to the estrus cycle of the mice. Results show no cycle period effect--except for the avoidance parameter "distance to odorant"--and no different effects between 10% TMT and natural fox feces except for freezing.

Published
2007
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3. Environmental stress affects the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait in male zebra finches

Author

Cyril Eraud, Godefroy Devevey, Gabriele Sorci, Bruno Faivre, Maria Gaillard, Josiane Prost, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Study funded by ONCFS, Région Bourgogne, European Social Funding (Research grant and Research contract to) and the Université de Bourgogne, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, MESH: Beak, 01 natural sciences, Environmental stress, MESH: Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH: Animals, MESH : Finches, Carotenoid, MESH : Body Weight, Abiotic component, chemistry.chemical_classification, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pigmentation, MESH : Pigmentation, Beak, carotenoids, MESH : Cold, food and beverages, MESH : Feeding Behavior, sexual traits, environmental stress, Cold Temperature, Trait, MESH: Feeding Behavior, MESH: Finches, Animals, Body Weight, Carotenoids/metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Finches/physiology, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Sex characteristics, MESH: Sex Characteristics, MESH: Cold, MESH : Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH : Male, self-maintenance, Zoology, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, MESH: Pigmentation, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Botany, Molecular Biology, Taeniopygia guttata, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Carotenoids, MESH : Sex Characteristics, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH : Beak, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, MESH: Body Weight, trade-offs, chemistry, Insect Science, MESH: Carotenoids, Animal Science and Zoology, Finches, MESH : Animals, Taeniopygia
Abstract

SUMMARY Abiotic factors including thermal stress are suggested to exert constrains on sexual ornaments through trade-offs between sexual displays and physiological functions related to self-maintenance. Given the health properties of carotenoid pigments, carotenoid-based ornaments offer a relevant context in which to investigate the effect of environmental stress, such as ambient temperature, on the production and maintenance of secondary sexual traits and, also, to explore the proximate mechanisms shaping their expression. In this study, we exposed male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to environmental stress by exposing them to two temperature regimes (6 and 26°C) over a 4 week period. Simultaneously, half of the males in each temperature group were supplemented with carotenoids, whereas the other half were not. The expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait(bill colour) and the amount of circulating carotenoids were assessed before and at the end of the experiment. Carotenoid-supplemented males developed a redder bill, but the effect of supplementation was reduced under cold exposure. However, we found evidence that birds facing a cold stress were carotenoid limited, since supplemented males developed redder bills than the non-supplemented ones. Interestingly, while cold-exposed and non-supplemented males developed duller bills, they circulated a higher amount of carotenoids at the end of the experiment compared to the pre-experimental values. Together, these results suggest that ambient temperature might contribute to the modulation of the expression of carotenoid-based ornaments. Our findings suggest that carotenoids are a limiting resource under cold exposure and that they might be prioritized for self-maintenance at the expense of the ornament. The physiological functions related to self-maintenance that might have benefited from carotenoid saving are discussed.

Published
2007
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4. Energetic reserves, leptin and testosterone: a refinement of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis

Author

Sophie Bertrand, Gabriele Sorci, Carlos Alonso-Alvarez, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), supported by the Ramón y Cajal fellowship, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos ( IREC ), UCLM-JCCM, Parasitologie évolutive ( PE ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Leptin, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Analysis of Variance, 01 natural sciences, Immunocompetence handicap hypothesis, [ SDV.BBM.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], immunocompetence handicap hypothesis, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Animals, Testosterone, MESH : Finches, 0303 health sciences, Sex Characteristics, MESH : Immune Tolerance, Immunosuppression, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Lipids, 3. Good health, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], MESH : Leptin, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Finches, Immunocompetence, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sex characteristics, MESH: Sex Characteristics, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Immune Tolerance, MESH : Male, MESH: Testosterone, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Internal medicine, MESH: Analysis of Variance, medicine, Immune Tolerance, Animals, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], 030304 developmental biology, Analysis of Variance, MESH : Sex Characteristics, MESH : Testosterone, MESH : Lipids, MESH: Leptin, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Lipids, MESH: Male, Endocrinology, MESH : Animals, Finches, Taeniopygia, Hormone
Abstract

Electronic supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0020 or via http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk., The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) assumes that testosterone (T), required for the expression of sexual traits, can also incur a cost due to its immunosuppressive properties. However, T-dependent immunosuppression could also arise as an indirect consequence of energy reallocation from the immune system to other metabolic demands. Leptin is mostly produced in lipogenic tissues and its circulating level is positively correlated with the amount of lipid reserves. Leptin also has an important role as immunoenhancer and we suggest that this hormone could play a role as a mediator of the immunosuppressive effect of testosterone. In particular, we propose that only the individuals able to maintain large lipid reserves (with high leptin levels), while sustaining high testosterone levels, might be able to develop sexual displays without an impairment of their immune defences. Here, we tested one of the assumptions underlying this extension of the ICHH: leptin administration should attenuate testosterone-induced immunosuppression. T-implanted and control male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) received daily injections of leptin or phosphate buffered saline. T-implants initially depressed the phytohaemagglutinin-induced immune response. However, T-birds injected with leptin enhanced their immune response to the level of control birds. These results open a new perspective on the study of the ICHH., C.A.-A. was supported by the Ramón y Cajal fellowship (Spain).

Published
2007
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5. Do carotenoid-based sexual traits signal the availability of non-pigmentary antioxidants?

Author

Sophie Bertrand, Gabriele Sorci, Bruno Faivre, Parasitologie évolutive ( PE ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Antioxidant, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Random Allocation, MESH : Lutein, MESH: Beak, Xanthophylls, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, Random Allocation, polycyclic compounds, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, MESH: Animals, Food science, MESH : Finches, Carotenoid, MESH: Melatonin, Melatonin, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Sex Characteristics, biology, MESH : Melatonin, Pigmentation, MESH : Pigmentation, Beak, food and beverages, Passerine, carotenoïds, Biochemistry, MESH : Antioxidants, MESH : Xanthophylls, MESH: Finches, medicine.drug, MESH: Sex Characteristics, oxidation, MESH : Male, free radicals, macromolecular substances, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Aquatic Science, MESH: Lutein, 010603 evolutionary biology, MESH: Pigmentation, MESH : Random Allocation, 03 medical and health sciences, sexual advertisement, Zeaxanthins, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Zebra finch, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Carotenoids, organic chemicals, MESH: Antioxidants, zebra finch, Lutein, MESH : Sex Characteristics, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Xanthophylls, Carotenoids, MESH: Male, biological factors, MESH : Beak, chemistry, Insect Science, MESH: Carotenoids, Animal Science and Zoology, MESH : Animals, Finches, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

SUMMARY Carotenoid-based signals are thought to be indicators of male quality because they must be obtained from the diet and might thus indicate the ability of individuals to gather high-quality food. However, carotenoids are also known to have important physiological functions as immunoenhancers and antioxidants, and, as such, carotenoid-based sexual traits have also been suggested to reflect the health and antioxidant status of their bearers. This last idea is based on the hypothesis that carotenoids that are allocated to sexual signals are no longer available for the detoxification system. Recently, this hypothesis has been challenged on the grounds that the antioxidant activity is not the main biological role of carotenoids. Instead,carotenoid-based sexual traits might signal the availability of other non-pigmentary antioxidant molecules that might protect carotenoids from free radical attacks and make them available for sexual advertisements. We tested this hypothesis in the zebra finch, a passerine species with a carotenoid-based signal: the colour of the bill. We simultaneously manipulated the availability of carotenoids and of a non-pigmentary antioxidant(melatonin) in the drinking water. If the antioxidant properties of melatonin protect carotenoids from oxidation, we predict that birds supplemented with melatonin should have redder bills than birds not supplemented with melatonin,and that birds supplemented with carotenoids and melatonin should have redder bills than birds supplemented with carotenoids alone. Our findings are in agreement with these predictions since carotenoid and melatonin supplementation had an additive effect on bill colour. To our knowledge this is the first experimental evidence that a non-pigmentary antioxidant enhances the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait.

Published
2006
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6. Carotenoids modulate the trade-off between egg production and resistance to oxidative stress in zebra finches

Author

Carlos Alonso-Alvarez, Josiane Prost, Godefroy Devevey, Sophie Bertrand, Gabriele Sorci, Bruno Faivre, Parasitologie évolutive ( PE ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Ministère de la Recherche et des Technologies (France), Université de Bourgogne, and Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, MESH : Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant, Oviposition, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Dietary Supplements, Free radicals, MESH: Beak, Trade-off, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Reproduction, 01 natural sciences, MESH : Oviposition, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, MESH: Animals, MESH : Female, MESH : Finches, Carotenoid, MESH: Oviposition, MESH : Body Weight, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Oxidative Stress, Ecology, Reproduction, Beak, MESH : Reproduction, Breed, Zebra finch, Female, MESH: Finches, MESH: Sex Characteristics, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH : Male, Color, Zoology, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, MESH : Dietary Supplements, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Color, MESH : Carotenoids, Body Weight, MESH : Sex Characteristics, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Carotenoids, MESH: Male, MESH : Beak, MESH: Body Weight, MESH : Color, chemistry, Oxidative stress, Dietary Supplements, MESH: Carotenoids, Carotenoïds, Finches, MESH : Animals, Carotenoids/blood, Carotenoids/metabolism, Finches/physiology, Oviposition/physiology, Oxidative Stress/physiology, Reproduction/physiology, MESH: Female, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

The allocation of resources to reproduction and survival is a central question of studies of life history evolution. Usually, increased allocation to current reproduction is paid in terms of reduced future reproduction and/or decreased survival. However, the proximal mechanisms underlying the cost of reproduction are poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that increased susceptibility to oxidative stress might be one of such proximate links between reproduction and self-maintenance. Organisms possess a range of antioxidant defenses, including endogenously produced molecules (e.g., enzymes) and compounds ingested with food (e.g., carotenoids). If reproductive effort increases the production of reactive oxygen species, the availability of antioxidant defenses may partly or fully counteract the free-radical damages. One could, therefore, expect that the trade-off between reproduction and oxidative stress is modulated by the availability of antioxidant defenses. We tested this hypothesis in zebra finches. We manipulated reproductive effort by either allowing or preventing pairs to breed. Within each breeding or non-breeding group, the availability of antioxidant compounds was manipulated by supplementing or not supplementing the drinking water with carotenoids. We found that although birds in the breeding and non-breeding groups did not differ in their resistance to oxidative stress (the breakdown of red blood cells submitted to a controlled free-radical attack), one aspect of breeding effort (i.e., the number of eggs laid by birds in both breeding and non-breeding groups) was negatively correlated with resistance to oxidative stress only in birds that did not benefit from a carotenoid-supplemented diet. This result therefore suggests that carotenoid availability can modulate the trade-off between reproduction and resistance to oxidative stress., Financial support was provided by the Ministère de la Recherche (ACI Jeunes Chercheurs to GS) and the Université de Bourgogne (BQR to GD, MG, JP and BF). CA-A was funded by Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain).

Published
2006
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7. [Presenting a battery for assessing spatial neglect. Norms and effects of age, educational level, sex, hand and laterality]

Author

Rousseaux, M, Beis, Jm, Pradat Diehl, P, Martin, Y, Bartolomeo, Paolo, Bernati, T, Chokron, S, Leclercq, M, Louis Dreyfus, A, Marchal, F, Perennou, D, Prairial, C, Rode, G, Samuel, C, Sieroff, E, Wiart, L, Azouvi, P., Physiologie et physiopathologie de la motricité chez l'homme, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), System architecture for reflective distributed computing environments (SARDES), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L'Homme préhistorique : son évolution, son milieu, ses activités, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences Cognitives (LPNCog / UMR 8189), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de psychologie expérimentale (LPE - UMR8581), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de réeducation fonctionnelle [Raymond Poincaré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition ( LPNC ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), System architecture for reflective distributed computing environments ( SARDES ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), L'Homme Préhistorique : Son Evolution, Son Milieu, Ses activités, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris ( UMS 403 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences Cognitives ( LPNCog ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de psychologie expérimentale ( LPE - UMR8581 ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
Male, Settore M-PSI/02 - PSICOBIOLOGIA E PSICOLOGIA FISIOLOGICA, MESH : Aged, MESH : Analysis of Variance, Functional Laterality, Extinction, Psychological, MESH: Psychological Tests, [ SDV.NEU.SC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, MESH : Female, MESH : Perceptual Disorders, MESH: Aged, Sex Characteristics, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Psychological Tests, Age Factors, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH : Diagnosis, Differential, Educational Status, Female, MESH : Space Perception, MESH: Sex Characteristics, Adult, MESH : Male, MESH: Space Perception, Diagnosis, Differential, Perceptual Disorders, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, MESH: Analysis of Variance, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH: Functional Laterality, MESH : Functional Laterality, MESH: Perceptual Disorders, Aged, MESH: Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Psychological Tests, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH : Sex Characteristics, MESH: Adult, MESH: Extinction, Psychological, MESH: Male, Space Perception, MESH : Age Factors, MESH: Educational Status, MESH: Female, MESH : Educational Status, MESH : Extinction, Psychological
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this study was to build up a battery for assessing spatial neglect, then to analyse the norms and potential effects of age, education level, sex, hand used, and laterality. It was also to contribute evaluating the pseudoneglect phenomenon described by Heilman, which consists in a tendency of normal subjects to neglect the right peripersonal space. Tasks selected were presented to important groups of normal subjects, most often larger than 450. The battery comprised of a bell cancellation test, scene copy, clock drawing, two line bisection tasks, identification of overlapping figures, text reading, writing task, and the representational task of the France map. For each of them, different variables were selected, especially investigating the difference between performance in the right and the left hemispaces. This study allowed defining the threshold values (percentiles 5 and 95) for deciding of the pathological character of a patient performance. It also showed that the pseudoneglect phenomenon is more obvious in some tasks such as line bisection, and probably also in the representational task of the France map and writing. His importance and at times his side were influenced by the factors we studied, with between tasks differences, but also by the nature of the task to be performed, and especially his verbal component.

Published
2001

8. Genetic identification of neurons controlling a sexually dimorphic behaviour

Author

Gatti , S., Ferveur , J. F., Martin , J. R., Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication ( NAMC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Développement et Communication Chimique chez les Insectes ( DCCI ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
MESH : Recombinant Fusion Proteins, MESH : Transcription Factors, MESH : Male, fungi, MESH : Animals, Genetically Modified, MESH : Sex Characteristics, MESH : Nuclear Proteins, MESH : Neurons, MESH : Nervous System Physiology, MESH : Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, MESH : Locomotion, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Drosophila melanogaster, MESH : Fungal Proteins, MESH : Female, MESH : Animals, MESH : Sexual Behavior, Animal, MESH : Motor Activity
Abstract

In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, locomotor activity is sexually dimorphic: female flies constantly modulate their activity pattern whereas males show a steadier, stereotyped walking pace [1]. Here, we mapped the area of the brain controlling this behavioural dimorphism. Adult male Drosophila expressing a dominant feminising transgene in a small cluster of neurons in the pars intercerebralis exhibited a female-like pattern of locomotor activity. Genetic ablation of these neurons prevented the feminisation of the locomotor activity of transgenic males. The results suggest that this cluster of neurons modulates sex-specific activity, but is not involved in initiating fly locomotion. Nor does it control male courtship behaviour, because feminisation of courtship was not correlated with the feminisation of locomotor activity.

Published
2000
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