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11 results on '"MESH : Fungal Proteins"'

1. Characterization of four endophytic fungi as potential consolidated bioprocessing hosts for conversion of lignocellulose into advanced biofuels

Author

Igor V. Grigoriev, Weihua Wu, John M. Gladden, Sirma Mihaltcheva, Kerrie Barry, Bernard Henrissat, Mary Bao Tran-Gyamfi, Mansi Chovatia, Alan Kuo, Erika Lindquist, Hope Hundley, Ryan W. Davis, Kurt LaButti, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, U.S Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Dept Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, University of California, Joint Genome Institute, United States Department of Energy, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), University of California (UC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) -U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques ( AFMB ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )

Subjects
Ligninolytic enzymes, MESH : Polysaccharides, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Lignin, 7. Clean energy, Terpene, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH : Volatile Organic Compounds, Endophytes, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [ SDV.MHEP.ME ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], General Medicine, MESH : Glycoside Hydrolases, Volatile organic compound, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [ SDV.NEU.NB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Genome, Fungal, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, CAZy, MESH: Sesquiterpenes, MESH: Fungal Proteins, Genome, Fungal, MESH: Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, MESH: Gene Expression, Glycoside Hydrolases, 030106 microbiology, MESH: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, MESH : Biofuels, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, [ SDV.IMM.II ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, MESH : Genome, Fungal, MESH: Cellulase, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH : Gene Expression, MESH : Monoterpenes, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biofuels, MESH : Cellulases, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Xylariales, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, MESH : Endophytes, MESH: Cellulases, Gene Expression, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Endophyte, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, chemistry.chemical_compound, [ SDV.BBM.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Cellulases, MESH : Fungal Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Xylariales, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Biofuel, Biotechnology, MESH : Sesquiterpenes, Cellulase, Biology, Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense, MESH: Endophytes, MESH: Volatile Organic Compounds, Fungal Proteins, Consolidated bioprocessing, Polysaccharides, MESH : Xylariales, MESH: Glycoside Hydrolases, Bioprocess, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], MESH : Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, MESH: Biofuels, Volatile Organic Compounds, MESH : Lignin, MESH : Phylogeny, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [ SDV.SP.PHARMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Lignin, MESH: Polysaccharides, MESH : Cellulase, Monoterpenes, biology.protein, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [ SDV.BBM.BS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM]
Abstract

International audience; Recently, several endophytic fungi have been demonstrated to produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with properties similar to fossil fuels, called "mycodiesel," while growing on lignocellulosic plant and agricultural residues. The fact that endophytes are plant symbionts suggests that some may be able to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, making them capable of both deconstructing lignocellulose and converting it into mycodiesel, two properties that indicate that these strains may be useful consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) hosts for the biofuel production. In this study, four endophytes Hypoxylon sp. CI4A, Hypoxylon sp. EC38, Hypoxylon sp. CO27, and Daldinia eschscholzii EC12 were selected and evaluated for their CBP potential. Analysis of their genomes indicates that these endophytes have a rich reservoir of biomass-deconstructing carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), which includes enzymes active on both polysaccharides and lignin, as well as terpene synthases (TPSs), enzymes that may produce fuel-like molecules, suggesting that they do indeed have CBP potential. GC-MS analyses of their VOCs when grown on four representative lignocellulosic feedstocks revealed that these endophytes produce a wide spectrum of hydrocarbons, the majority of which are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including some known biofuel candidates. Analysis of their cellulase activity when grown under the same conditions revealed that these endophytes actively produce endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. The richness of CAZymes as well as terpene synthases identified in these four endophytic fungi suggests that they are great candidates to pursue for development into platform CBP organisms.

Published
2017

2. SUN proteins belong to a novel family of β-(1,3)-glucan-modifying enzymes involved in fungal morphogenesis

Author

Christine Schmitt, Christophe d'Enfert, Audrey Nesseir, Anne Beauvais, Patrick England, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Rémi Beau, Arnaud Firon, Marie-Christine Prévost, Amandine Gastebois, Sophie Bachellier-Bassi, Jean-Paul Latgé, Isabelle Mouyna, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Microscopie ultrastructurale (plate-forme), Biochimie et Biophysique des Macromolécules (Plate-forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by grants from the European Commission (Galar Fungail 2, MRTN-CT-2003-504148, FINSysB, PITN-GA-2008-214004) (to C. d. E.) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) Fuminomics, Partenariat Sanofi-aventis-Aviesan (ITMO Maladies Infectieuses, Sanofi Aventis Research & Development TSU ID (SAR&D) TSU ID/Sanofi-Pasteur), and Agence Nationale de Recherches (ANR) (Grant 09-BLAN-0287) (to J. P. L.), ANR-09-BLAN-0287,REMODELE,Nouvelles voies métaboliques essentielles pour la biosynthèse de la paroi des champignons(2009), European Project: 214004,PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN,FINSYSB(2008), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biophysique des macromolécules et de leurs interactions, ANR Grant 09-BLAN-0287,ANR Grant 09-BLAN-0287,Grant 09-BLAN-0287, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Institut Pasteur [Paris], Microscopie ultrastructurale - Ultrapole (CITECH), Biophysique des macromolécules et leurs interactions, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hyphal growth, MESH : Spores, Fungal, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Glycosylation, MESH: Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Conidiation, Gene Expression, Oligosaccharides, Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Biochemistry, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Candida albicans, Morphogenesis, MESH : Fungal Proteins, skin and connective tissue diseases, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, integumentary system, MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, Hydrolysis, MESH : Glycosylation, Glucan Hydrolase Activity, SUN, MESH : Protein Binding, MESH : Glycoside Hydrolases, Spores, Fungal, MESH: Glycosylation, MESH : Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillus, CELL-WALL BIOGENESIS, MOTOR-LIKE DOMAIN, ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS, CANDIDA-ALBICANS, SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE, SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE, BIOFILM FORMATION, BETA-GLUCOSIDASE, CHITIN SYNTHASES, GENE, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, MESH: Hydrolysis, Protein Binding, CAZy, MESH: Gene Expression, Hypha, MESH : Candida albicans, Glycoside Hydrolases, Molecular Sequence Data, Hyphae, MESH: Glycoproteins, Biology, Microbiology, Cell wall, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Hydrolysis, MESH: Hyphae, MESH: Spores, Fungal, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, MESH: Glycoside Hydrolases, MESH: Protein Binding, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Glycoproteins, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Candida albicans, MESH : Oligosaccharides, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, MESH : Glycoproteins, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Yeast, MESH: Morphogenesis, MESH : Gene Expression, MESH : Morphogenesis, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Protein Processing, Post-Translational, MESH : Hyphae, Carbohydrate-binding Protein, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, MESH: Oligosaccharides, Biogenesis
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:SUN proteins are involved in yeast morphogenesis, but their function is unknown.RESULTS:SUN protein plays a role in the Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis. Biochemical properties of recombinant SUN proteins were elucidated.CONCLUSION:Both Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus sun proteins show a β-(1,3)-glucanase activity.SIGNIFICANCE:The mode of action of SUN proteins on β-(1,3)-glucan is unique, new, and original. In yeasts, the family of SUN proteins has been involved in cell wall biogenesis. Here, we report the characterization of SUN proteins in a filamentous fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. The function of the two A. fumigatus SUN genes was investigated by combining reverse genetics and biochemistry. During conidial swelling and mycelial growth, the expression of AfSUN1 was strongly induced, whereas the expression of AfSUN2 was not detectable. Deletion of AfSUN1 negatively affected hyphal growth and conidiation. A closer examination of the morphological defects revealed swollen hyphae, leaky tips, intrahyphal growth, and double cell wall, suggesting that, like in yeast, AfSun1p is associated with cell wall biogenesis. In contrast to AfSUN1, deletion of AfSUN2 either in the parental strain or in the AfSUN1 single mutant strain did not affect colony and hyphal morphology. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant AfSun1p and Candida albicans Sun41p showed that both proteins had a unique hydrolysis pattern: acting on β-(1,3)-oligomers from dimer up to insoluble β-(1,3)-glucan. Referring to the CAZy database, it is clear that fungal SUN proteins represent a new family of glucan hydrolases (GH132) and play an important morphogenetic role in fungal cell wall biogenesis and septation.

Published
2013

3. Annotation of microsporidian genomes using transcriptional signals

Author

Ivan Wawrzyniak, Sébastien Terrat, Olivier Gonçalves, Nicolas Parisot, Pierre Peyret, Patrick Wincker, Corinne Biderre-Petit, Simone Duprat, Frédéric Delbac, Jean Weissenbach, Sébastien Rimour, Eric Dugat-Bony, Antoine Mahul, Gaelle Samson, Brigitte Chebance, Stéphanie Bornes, Jérémie Denonfoux, Eric Peyretaillade, Michael Katinka, Valérie Polonais, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament ( CIDAM ), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes ( LIMOS ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génie Biologie, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] ( GENOSCOPE ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Génomique métabolique ( UMR 8030 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génomique d'Evry ( IG ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament (CIDAM), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Genomic platform and R&D, GenoScreen, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Régional de Ressources Informatiques (CRRI), Clermont Université, Bioprocédés Appliqués aux Microalgues (GEPEA-BAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IUT Génie Biologique, Laboratoire de Biologie, Université d'Auvergne (Clermont Ferrand 1) (UdA), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et évolution des génomes (SEG), CNS-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)

Subjects
Transcription, Genetic, genome annotation, MESH : Molecular Sequence Annotation, General Physics and Astronomy, MESH: Phosphotransferases, Genome, transcriptional signal, MESH : Protein Transport, MESH : Fungal Proteins, DNA, Fungal, Conserved Sequence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, MESH: Conserved Sequence, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Genomics, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Genomics, Genome project, Protein Transport, Molecular Sequence Annotation, [ SDV.BBM.GTP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Genome, Fungal, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH : Phosphotransferases, Genome, Fungal, Transposable element, MESH: Protein Transport, Genes, Fungal, MESH: Molecular Sequence Annotation, MESH : Microsporidia, MESH : Open Reading Frames, Computational biology, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Fungal Proteins, Open Reading Frames, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Conserved Sequence, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Anncaliia algerae, parasitic diseases, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, bioinformatic, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, MESH : Genome, Fungal, Phosphotransferases, structural annotation, MESH : Genomics, fungi, MESH : Transcription, Genetic, General Chemistry, MESH: Open Reading Frames, MESH: Microsporidia, MESH: DNA, Fungal, microsporidia, MESH : Genes, Fungal, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], MESH : DNA, Fungal, MESH: Genes, Fungal
Abstract

EA GenoSol CT3; International audience; High-quality annotation of microsporidian genomes is essential for understanding the biological processes that govern the development of these parasites. Here we present an improved structural annotation method using transcriptional DNA signals. We apply this method to re-annotate four previously annotated genomes, which allow us to detect annotation errors and identify a significant number of unpredicted genes. We then annotate the newly sequenced genome of Anncaliia algerae. A comparative genomic analysis of A. algerae permits the identification of not only microsporidian core genes, but also potentially highly expressed genes encoding membrane-associated proteins, which represent good candidates involved in the spore architecture, the invasion process and the microsporidian-host relationships. Furthermore, we find that the ten-fold variation in microsporidian genome sizes is not due to gene number, size or complexity, but instead stems from the presence of transposable elements. Such elements, along with kinase regulatory pathways and specific transporters, appear to be key factors in microsporidian adaptive processes.

Published
2012

4. Lipases or esterases: does it really matter? Toward a new bio-physico-chemical classification

Author

Yassine Ben, Ali, Robert, Verger, Abdelkarim, Abousalham, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires ( ICBMS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH : Amino Acid Motifs, Amino Acid Motifs, MESH: Catalytic Domain, Substrate Specificity, Fungal Proteins, MESH: Lipase, MESH: Amino Acid Motifs, [ SDV.BBM.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Bacterial Proteins, MESH : Hydrolysis, Catalytic Domain, MESH: Esters, MESH : Bacterial Proteins, MESH : Fungal Proteins, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], MESH: Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Kinetics, MESH : Substrate Specificity, Hydrolysis, Esterases, MESH : Catalytic Domain, Esters, MESH : Esters, Lipase, MESH : Esterases, MESH : Lipase, Kinetics, MESH: Esterases, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH: Substrate Specificity, MESH : Kinetics, MESH: Hydrolysis
Abstract

International audience; Carboxylester hydrolases, commonly named esterases, consist of a large spectrum of enzymes defined by their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic ester bonds and are widely distributed among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Lipases are lipolytic enzymes which constitute a special class of carboxylic esterases capable of releasing long-chain fatty acids from natural water-insoluble carboxylic esters. However, up to now, several unsuccessful attempts aimed at differentiating "lipases" from "esterases" by using various criteria. These criteria were based on the first substrate used chronologically, primary sequence comparisons, some kinetic parameters, or some structural features.Lipids are biological compounds which, by definition, are insoluble in water. Taking into account this basic physico-chemical criterion, we primarily distinguish lipolytic esterases (L, acting on lipids) from nonlipolytic esterases (NL, not acting on lipids). In view of the biochemical data accumulated up to now, we proposed a new classification of esterases based on various criteria of physico-chemical, chemical, anatomical, or cellular nature. We believe that the present attempt matters scientifically for several reasons: (1) to help newcomers in the field, performing a few key experiments to figure out if a newly isolated esterase is lipolytic or not; (2) to clarify a debate between scientists in the field; and (3) to formulate questions which are relevant to the still unsolved problem of the structure-function relationships of esterases.

Published
2012

5. Variable beta-glucans production by different states of Eurotium amstelodami explains differences in inflammatory responses in airway cells

Author

Stéphane Bretagne, Sandrine Roussel, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Bénédicte Rognon, Laurence Millon, Françoise Botterel, Gabriel Reboux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
MESH: Inflammation, MESH : Cell Line, Chemokine, MESH : Spores, Fungal, beta-Glucans, MESH : beta-Glucans, MESH : Cytokines, MESH: Eurotium, Conidium, Immunology and Allergy, MESH : Fungal Proteins, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH : Eurotium, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, MESH: Cytokines, biology, MESH: beta-Glucans, General Medicine, Spores, Fungal, MESH: Chemokines, MESH : Epithelial Cells, MESH : Air Pollution, Indoor, MESH: Epithelial Cells, Air Pollution, Indoor, Cytokines, Proteoglycans, MESH: Fungal Proteins, medicine.symptom, Chemokines, Microbiology (medical), Hypha, Hyphae, Inflammation, Fungus, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Microbiology, Cell Line, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Hyphae, MESH: Spores, Fungal, Eurotium, medicine, Humans, MESH : Chemokines, Interleukin 8, 030304 developmental biology, A549 cell, MESH: Humans, MESH : Inflammation, 030306 microbiology, fungi, MESH : Humans, Epithelial Cells, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cell Line, Immunology, biology.protein, MESH : Hyphae, MESH: Air Pollution, Indoor
Abstract

International audience; Eurotium amstelodami, a mold frequently identified in housing and farm air samples, is a suspected cause of respiratory diseases such as allergic alveolitis, atopic asthma, and organic dust toxic syndrome. This fungus is present in the air in three different states (ascospores, conidia, and hyphae). The aim of this study was to test in vitro the differential inflammatory response of airway cells exposed to 1,3 betaglucanase-treated protein extract (BGPE), from E. amstelodami ascospores, conidia, and hyphae. Confluent cells from the A549 cell line were inoculated with calibrated BGPE issued from the three fungal forms. The levels of eight cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammatory responses were measured after 8 h of exposure. Beta-d-glucan (BDG) was quantified in total fungal extract as well as in the BGPE from the three fungal states. Hyphal BGPE were the only ones to induce a marked inflammatory response and they contain higher quantities of BDG. The present study adds to the growing body of evidence that beta-glucan from fungal hyphae play a crucial role in respiratory diseases.

Published
2011

6. Genome-wide analysis of plant metal transporters, with an emphasis on poplar

Author

Malcolm M. Campbell, Barbara Montanini, Pierre Richaud, Aude Migeon, Damien Blaudez, Olivia Wilkins, Sébastien Thomine, Michel Chalot, Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 (BVME), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 ( BVME ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Institut des sciences du végétal ( ISV ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Populus trichocarpa, MESH: Genome, Plant, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH : Populus, MESH : Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MESH: Plants, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, MESH: Carrier Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MESH : Plants, Physcomitrella patens, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Selaginella moellendorffii, Botany, Arabidopsis thaliana, Gene family, MESH : Fungal Proteins, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Phylogeny, Molecular Biology, Gene, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Metals, biology, MESH : Metals, MESH : Phylogeny, food and beverages, Cell Biology, Plants, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MESH : Genome, Plant, MESH: Populus, Populus, Metals, Molecular Medicine, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH : Carrier Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The specific transport of metal ions, mediated by membrane-localized metal transporters, is of fundamental importance in all eukaryotes. Genome-wide analysis of metal transporters was undertaken, making use of whole genome sequences of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the moss Physcomitrella patens, the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii, the monocots rice and sorghum, and the dicots Arabidopsis thaliana, poplar, grapevine, as well as of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A repertoire of 430 metal transporters was found in total across eight photosynthetic plants, as well as in S. cerevisiae. Seventy-two full-length metal transporter genes were identified in the Populus genome alone, which is the largest number of metal transporters genes identified in any single species to date. Diversification of some transporter family gene clusters appears to have occurred in a lineage-specific manner. Expression analysis of Populus metal transporters indicates that some family members show tissue-specific transcript abundance. Taken together, the data provide a picture into the diversification of these important gene families.

Published
2010

7. Characterization of a new β(1-3)glucan branching activity of Aspergillus fumigatus

Author

Isabelle Mouyna, Jean-Paul Latgé, Cécile Clavaud, Amandine Gastebois, Thierry Fontaine, Muriel Delepierre, Catherine Simenel, Bernadette Coddeville, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 ( UGSF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Glycosylation, beta-Glucans, MESH : beta-Glucans, MESH: Cellulases, Mutant, Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices, MESH : Blotting, Western, MESH : Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Biochemistry, Beta-glucan, Aspergillus fumigatus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, MESH: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, MESH : Fungal Proteins, Cellulases, Laminaribiose, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: beta-Glucans, Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, MESH : Glycosylation, Oligosaccharide, MESH: Glycosylation, MESH: Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, MESH : Phenotype, Phenotype, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH : Mutation, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Mutation, Blotting, Western, MESH : Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, MESH : Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, MESH: Phenotype, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Fungal Proteins, Cell wall, MESH : Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cell Wall, MESH: Blotting, Western, MESH: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Molecular Biology, MESH : Cell Wall, 030304 developmental biology, Aspergillus, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, MESH : Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Enzyme, chemistry, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Mutation, MESH : Cellulases, [ SDV.BBM.BS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], MESH: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Abstract

International audience; A new HPLC method was developed to separate linear from beta(1-6)-branched beta(1-3)-glucooligosaccharides. This methodology has permitted the isolation of the first fungal beta(1-6)/beta(1-3)-glucan branching transglycosidase using a cell wall autolysate of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). The encoding gene, AfBGT2 is an ortholog of AfBGT1, another transglycosidase of A. fumigatus previously analyzed (Mouyna, I., Hartland, R. P., Fontaine, T., Diaquin, M., Simenel, C., Delepierre, M., Henrissat, B., and Latgé, J. P. (1998) Microbiology 144, 3171-3180). Both enzymes release laminaribiose from the reducing end of a beta(1-3)-linked oligosaccharide and transfer the remaining chain to another molecule of the original substrate. The AfBgt1p transfer occurs at C-6 of the non-reducing end group of the acceptor, creating a kinked beta(1-3;1-6) linear molecule. The AfBgt2p transfer takes place at the C-6 of an internal group of the acceptor, resulting in a beta(1-3)-linked product with a beta(1-6)-linked side branch. The single Afbgt2 mutant and the double Afbgt1/Afbgt2 mutant in A. fumigatus did not display any cell wall phenotype showing that these activities were not responsible for the construction of the branched beta(1-3)-glucans of the cell wall.

Published
2010

8. Surface hydrophobin prevents immune recognition of airborne fungal spores

Author

Axel A. Brakhage, Jagadeesh Bayry, Jean-Paul Latgé, Cécile Clavaud, Sriramulu Elluru, Srini V. Kaveri, Sophie Paris, Silvia Bozza, Luigina Romani, Olaf Kniemeyer, Katia Perruccio, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knoell Institute), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University (LIU), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Perugia - Italy, University of Perugia, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aimanianda, Vishukumar, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH : Spores, Fungal, MESH: Macrophages, Alveolar, MESH : Hydrofluoric Acid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Galactosaminogalactan, Air Microbiology, Lymphocyte Activation, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Aspergillus fumigatus, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH : Antigens, Fungal, Mice, MESH: Air Microbiology, MESH : Fungal Proteins, MESH: Animals, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH : Allergens, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, Multidisciplinary, biology, MESH: Dendritic Cells, MESH: Antigens, Plant, MESH : Adoptive Transfer, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Spores, Fungal, Adoptive Transfer, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Macrophages, Alveolar, MESH : CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium, MESH: Cells, Cultured, MESH: Allergens, Antigens, Fungal, Hydrophobin, MESH : Air Microbiology, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH : Cathepsins, Hydrofluoric Acid, Microbiology, MESH: Hydrofluoric Acid, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Spores, Fungal, MESH : Mice, MESH : Cells, Cultured, Macrophages, Alveolar, Animals, Humans, MESH: Lymphocyte Activation, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, MESH: Mice, MESH : Lymphocyte Activation, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Antigens, Fungal, [ SDV.IMM.II ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, MESH: Immune System, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, fungi, MESH : Humans, Dendritic cell, Dendritic Cells, Allergens, Antigens, Plant, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cathepsins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Adoptive Transfer, MESH : Antigens, Plant, chemistry, MESH : Dendritic Cells, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Immune System, MESH: Cathepsins, MESH : Immune System, MESH : Animals
Abstract

International audience; The air we breathe is filled with thousands of fungal spores (conidia) per cubic metre, which in certain composting environments can easily exceed 10(9) per cubic metre. They originate from more than a hundred fungal species belonging mainly to the genera Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria and Aspergillus. Although these conidia contain many antigens and allergens, it is not known why airborne fungal microflora do not activate the host innate immune cells continuously and do not induce detrimental inflammatory responses following their inhalation. Here we show that the surface layer on the dormant conidia masks their recognition by the immune system and hence prevents immune response. To explore this, we used several fungal members of the airborne microflora, including the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, in in vitro assays with dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages and in in vivo murine experiments. In A. fumigatus, this surface 'rodlet layer' is composed of hydrophobic RodA protein covalently bound to the conidial cell wall through glycosylphosphatidylinositol-remnants. RodA extracted from conidia of A. fumigatus was immunologically inert and did not induce dendritic cell or alveolar macrophage maturation and activation, and failed to activate helper T-cell immune responses in vivo. The removal of this surface 'rodlet/hydrophobin layer' either chemically (using hydrofluoric acid), genetically (DeltarodA mutant) or biologically (germination) resulted in conidial morphotypes inducing immune activation. All these observations show that the hydrophobic rodlet layer on the conidial cell surface immunologically silences airborne moulds.

Published
2009

9. Cloning and expression of genes involved in conidiation and surface properties of Penicillium camemberti grown in liquid and solid cultures

Author

Jean-François Cavin, Dominique Garmyn, Khadidja Boualem, Yves Waché, Patrick Gervais, A. Durand, Thomas Karbowiak, Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires ( GPMA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Microbioologie, UMR INRA 1283 Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la. Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Microbiologie, UMR INRA 1082, AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires (GPMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Microbioologie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)

Subjects
MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH : Spores, Fungal, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Conidiation, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, MESH: Base Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Gene expression, MESH : Fungal Proteins, Cloning, Molecular, Fungal protein, MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, MESH : Sequence Alignment, General Medicine, Spores, Fungal, MESH: Mycelium, Cell biology, Weta, Penicillium camemberti, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH : Hydrophobicity, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, MESH : Mycelium, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Hypha, MESH : Cloning, Molecular, Hydrophobin, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Sequence Alignment, Biology, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, MESH: Spores, Fungal, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, MESH: Cloning, Molecular, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, Gene, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Penicillium, MESH: Hydrophobicity, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Base Sequence, Mycelium, Penicillium, Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH : Penicillium, biology.organism_classification, Culture Media, MESH: Culture Media, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Culture Media, Sequence Alignment, MESH : Sequence Analysis, DNA
Abstract

International audience; Based on bioinformatic data on model fungi, the rodA and wetA genes encoding, respectively, a RodA hydrophobin protein and the WetA protein involved in conidiation mechanisms, were PCR-cloned and characterized for the first time in Penicillium camemberti. These results, completed by a sequence of the brlA gene (available in GenBank), which encodes a major transcriptional regulator also involved in the conidiation mechanism, were used to compare, by qRT-PCR, the expression of the three genes in liquid and solid cultures in a synthetic medium. While expression of the brlA and wetA genes increased dramatically in both culture conditions after 4 days of growth, expression of the rodA gene increased only with conidiation and in the solid culture, and this expression was correlated with production and secretion of a RodA protein outside the hyphae, which became very hydrophobic. In liquid cultures, no production of RodA occurred in mycelia, which remained hydrophilic, and no conidiation was detected despite formation of swellings at the tips of hyphae. The absence of conidiation in liquid culture correlated with the lack of rodA gene expression, which could be regulated by the medium composition independently of brlA and wetA genes expression.

Published
2008

10. Genetic identification of neurons controlling a sexually dimorphic behaviour

Author

Gatti , S., Ferveur , J. F., Martin , J. R., Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication ( NAMC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Développement et Communication Chimique chez les Insectes ( DCCI ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
MESH : Recombinant Fusion Proteins, MESH : Transcription Factors, MESH : Male, fungi, MESH : Animals, Genetically Modified, MESH : Sex Characteristics, MESH : Nuclear Proteins, MESH : Neurons, MESH : Nervous System Physiology, MESH : Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, MESH : Locomotion, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Drosophila melanogaster, MESH : Fungal Proteins, MESH : Female, MESH : Animals, MESH : Sexual Behavior, Animal, MESH : Motor Activity
Abstract

In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, locomotor activity is sexually dimorphic: female flies constantly modulate their activity pattern whereas males show a steadier, stereotyped walking pace [1]. Here, we mapped the area of the brain controlling this behavioural dimorphism. Adult male Drosophila expressing a dominant feminising transgene in a small cluster of neurons in the pars intercerebralis exhibited a female-like pattern of locomotor activity. Genetic ablation of these neurons prevented the feminisation of the locomotor activity of transgenic males. The results suggest that this cluster of neurons modulates sex-specific activity, but is not involved in initiating fly locomotion. Nor does it control male courtship behaviour, because feminisation of courtship was not correlated with the feminisation of locomotor activity.

Published
2000

11. From the surface to the inner layer of the fungal cell wall

Author

Isabelle Mouyna, J. P. Latgé, Thierry Fontaine, S. Paris, Robbert P. Hartland, Aspergillus, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Protein Conformation, MESH : Polysaccharides, Plasma protein binding, MESH : Models, Biological, Biochemistry, Models, Biological, Cell wall, Fungal Proteins, Protein structure, Cell Wall, Polysaccharides, Carbohydrate Conformation, MESH : Fungal Proteins, MESH : Hydrogen Bonding, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH : Fungi, MESH : Protein Conformation, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH : Cell Wall, Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Fungi, Hydrogen Bonding, MESH : Protein Binding, Models, Structural, Biophysics, MESH : Carbohydrate Conformation, Carbohydrate conformation, Layer (electronics), MESH : Models, Structural, Protein Binding
Abstract

International audience

Published
1997

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