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1. Serological prevalence of echinococcosis and risk factors for infection among children in rural communities of southern Ningxia, China

Author

Philip S. Craig, Ling Huang, Jing Teng, Tao Sun, Gail M. Williams, Wei Zhang, Malcolm K. Jones, Yu Rong Yang, Belgees Boufana, Dominique A. Vuitton, Patrick Giraudoux, Donald P. McManus, Yanbin Li, Tian Xi Liu, Ningxia Medical College, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Molecular Parasitology Unit, University of Queensland [Brisbane]-The Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition ( ACITH ), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH)

Subjects
Prevalence, Rural Health, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, MESH : Rural Health, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Animals, Child, Echinococcus granulosus, 0303 health sciences, biology, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Risk Factors, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Infectious Diseases, China, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 030231 tropical medicine, Helminthiasis, MESH : Family Health, Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Echinococcosis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH : China, Seroprevalence, Risk factor, Family Health, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Rural Health, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Echinococcus, Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Family Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, MESH : Animals, Epidemiologic Methods, business
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of serology as an indicator of Echinococcus transmission for developing preventive measures against echinococcosis in rural communities. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey in 2002 among 861 children aged 7 to 18 years in Xiji County, Ningxia, China. Before ultrasound abdominal examination, a questionnaire was used to identify socioeconomic, sanitary and hygiene risk factors for echinococcal infection; filter paper blood samples were collected from each child for specific antibody detection using EmP (Echinococcus multilocularis) and EgB (Echinococcus granulosus) antigens. RESULTS: Transmission of both E. multilocularis and E. granulosus occur in this area. Serological prevalence was far higher than disease prevalence in this age range. We found no gender-related differences of seroprevalence among the children, suggesting an equal chance of exposure to echinococcal egg-contaminated environments. The seroprevalence distribution was associated with changes in the ecology of wild hosts for E. multilocularis contamination, and with changes in socio-geographic features of the communities for E. granulosus contamination. CONCLUSIONS: Serological data obtained for children in mass surveys of echinococcosis appear to be a comprehensive and useful tool to monitor changes of transmission dynamics in humans and provide 'warning signals' to decision makers for the instigation of specific control measures against the disease.

Published
2008
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2. Simultaneous alveolar and cystic echinococcosis of the liver

Author

Dominique A. Vuitton, Yu Rong Yang, Donald P. McManus, Yunhai Wang, Brigitte Bartholomot, Philip S. Craig, Xong Zhou Liu, Akira Ito, Ningxia Medical College, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Male, Pathology, MESH : Aged, Alveolar echinococcosis, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Female, Echinococcus granulosus, Ultrasonography, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Female, Adult, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Cestoda, Helminthiasis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Echinococcus multilocularis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, Humans, MESH : China, MESH : Middle Aged, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, business.industry, Cystic echinococcosis, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Tropical medicine, Parasitology, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the larval stages of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus, respectively, are of major clinical importance. Reports of infection with AE or CE are very common, but instances of simultaneous or dual infection are rare. We report on four cases with mixed AE/CE infections in the liver, diagnosed using retrospective surgical records and active community surveys in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), PR China, a recognized hyperendemic area for echinococcosis.

Published
2006
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3. Combined ultrasound and serologic screening for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in central China

Author

Yunhai Wang, Philip S. Craig, Patrick Giraudoux, Gitte Bartholomot, Calum N. L. Macpherson, Da Zhong Shi, S Harraga, Guy Barnish, Dominique A. Vuitton, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Male, Pathology, MESH : Aged, MESH: Echinococcus, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Child, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH : Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH : Echinococcus, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, Child, Ultrasonography, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Ultrasound, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH : Questionnaires, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, MESH : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Antibodies, Helminth, Helminthiasis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Echinococcus multilocularis, Malignancy, Lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Antibodies, Helminth, MESH : Adolescent, Virology, medicine, MESH : China, Animals, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, MESH : Antibodies, Helminth, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Echinococcus, Parasitology, MESH : Animals, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonotic helminthic disease that can mimic malignancy. In the 1970s, foci of the disease were found in central China. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of AE in humans in 2 districts of south Gansu Province, China, by use of ultrasound and Echinococcus serology. After answering an epidemiological questionnaire, 2,482 volunteers from 28 villages underwent ultrasound. Serology via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody activity was performed on whole blood collected on filter paper in all subjects; on serum from subjects with an abnormal ultrasound image; and on randomly chosen subjects that either had no lesions or had atypical lesions. At least one (25.3%) abnormal ultrasound image was observed in 630 of the subjects screened. A typical lesion of progressive AE was found in 84 subjects (3.4%). Serologies were positive in 77 (96%) of 80 of patients who had lesions typical of progressive AE. Ultrasound is useful for screening for AE in endemic regions.

Published
2002
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4. Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China: a preliminary analysis

Author

Philip S. Craig, Dominique-Angèle Vuitton, Francis Raoul, Hao Wen, Jean-Pierre Quéré, H. X. Zhou, Pierre Delattre, Patrick Giraudoux, S. X. Chai, Xinjiang Medical University, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Raoul, Francis, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, MESH : Retrospective Studies, MESH : Prevalence, MESH : Age Distribution, Prevalence, Kazakh, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, MESH : Female, Child, MESH: Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, MESH : Sex Distribution, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Sex Distribution, Pulmonary, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Infectious Diseases, Geography, language, Female, MESH : Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, Adult, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, Adolescent, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Helminthiasis, Zoology, Echinococcus multilocularis, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, MESH : Adolescent, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, MESH : China, Humans, Helminths, MESH : Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, MESH: Age Distribution, MESH: Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, language.human_language, Parasitology, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; The Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region (XUAR) in north-western China is known to be endemic for Echinococcosis multilocularis, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). Despite regular reports of HAE cases in their region, very little is known about the local epidemiology of the disease or the transmission of E. multilocularis. The epidemiology of HAE in Xinjiang has now been investigated by the analysis of data collected from the medical records of 157 clinical cases who had attended the four main hospitals in the region. These data indicate that the disease is relatively common in the Altai, western Junggar, and Tianshan mountain ranges, whereas the Tarim and Junggar basins are likely to be of low endemicity. The prevalence of the disease in the Kunlun mountains is not clear. Semi-nomadic groups, especially those of Kazakh or Mongol origin, have a higher risk of infection than other ethnic groups. Prevalence of the disease in humans appears to be correlated with aspects of the local climate, such as annual precipitation and temperature. Red foxes, Microtinae, Ochotona spp. and Marmota spp. may be important hosts of E. multilocularis in the XUAR, sustaining the transmission cycles of the parasite.

Published
2000
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5. Northwestern China: a place to learn more on oesophageal cancer. Part two: gene alterations and polymorphisms

Author

Zheng , Shutao, Vuitton , Lucine, Sheyhidin , Ilyar, Vuitton , Dominique Angèle, Zhang , Yueming, Lu , Xiaomei, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
China, Esophageal Neoplasms, MESH : Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Chromosome Deletion, Loss of Heterozygosity, MESH : Genes, Neoplasm, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, Humans, MESH : China, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH : Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, MESH: Genes, Neoplasm, MESH: Loss of Heterozygosity, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, MESH : Chromosome Deletion, MESH: China, stomatognathic diseases, MESH: Esophageal Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, MESH : Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH : Esophageal Neoplasms, Chromosome Deletion, MESH : Loss of Heterozygosity, Genes, Neoplasm
Abstract

International audience; In the first part of this review, some behavioural and environmental risk factors playing important roles in the development of Kazakh's oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were presented. Although all individuals have been exposed to the same environment and share the same behaviour, some of them will not develop OSCC. Thus, gene susceptibility and/or gene polymorphism are unavoidably involved. The molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of OSCC remain, however, poorly understood. In the second part of our review of OSCC in northwestern China, especially in the high-risk Kazakh population, some recent progress in the study of the molecular biology underlying oesophageal carcinogenesis, including chromosome deletions and loss of heterozygocity, polymorphisms of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolizing and DNA repair, and genetic alterations of transcriptional factors and apoptosis genes are presented. Results obtained in this high-risk population are compared with those obtained in other areas that are also known to be at high risk for OSCC, and whenever possible, with those studies performed in European, American or Australian low-risk areas. Recent advances in the investigation of the proteomics and microRNA biomarkers potentially useful for an earlier diagnosis and/or prognosis of OSCC are also discussed.

Published
2011
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6. [Alveolar echinococcosis: from an incurable rural disease to a controlled urban infection]

Author

Vuitton, Dominique Angèle, Bresson-Hadni, Solange, Giraudoux, Patrick, Bartholomot, Brigitte, Laplante, Jean-Jacques, Delabrousse, Eric, Blagosklonov, Oleg, Mantion, Georges, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Mutualité sociale agricole de Franche-Comté, Mutualité sociale agricole, Dept. of Nucl. Med., Jean Minjoz Univ. Hosp., Besancon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Médecine nucléaire, biophysique, isotopes [CHRU Besançon], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)

Subjects
MESH: Urban Health, Endemic Diseases, Aftercare, Rural Health, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Early Diagnosis, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Aftercare, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Early Diagnosis, Risk Factors, Zoonoses, MESH : Rural Health, MESH : Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Mass Screening, MESH: Animals, MESH: Anticestodal Agents, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: China, Europe, MESH: Endemic Diseases, France, MESH: Tomography, X-Ray Computed, MESH: Zoonoses, MESH : Endemic Diseases, MESH : Albendazole, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH : Europe, Albendazole, MESH : Zoonoses, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Albendazole, Animals, Humans, MESH : China, MESH: Mass Screening, MESH : France, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Mass Screening, MESH: Humans, MESH : Urban Health, MESH : Anticestodal Agents, MESH : Humans, Urban Health, Anticestodal Agents, MESH : Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: Rural Health, MESH: France, Early Diagnosis, Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH : Aftercare, Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Europe, MESH : Animals, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic
Abstract

International audience; Human alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis with intermediate (rodents and small lagomorphs) and final (carnivores) hosts. The latter can transmit the parasite to humans, by their feces, which are contaminated by the oncospheres of Echinococcus multilocularis, the larvae of which develop in the liver like a slow cancer. Political, socioeconomic, and ecological factors can affect the intermediate and final hosts and thus influence the long-term emergence and stability of endemic areas. The past 20 years have been marked by: Epidemiologic changes: discovery of an endemic area in China, the largest in the world; extension of the European endemic range to the east and north; extension of the French endemic range to the west and south; and the settlement of contaminated foxes in urban centers, which will modify the populations at risk over time. Progress in diagnosis: initial use of liver ultrasound to screen for asymptomatic disease; value of magnetic resonance imaging to confirm diagnosis and assess extension of disease before beginning treatment; mastery of immunological and genetic diagnosis; and the introduction of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography to assess the functional activity of the lesions and monitor treatment. Consensus has defined the main directions of a multidisciplinary treatment approach: radical liver resection when possible; avoidance of palliative surgical procedures; use of interventional radiology or endoscopy to treat biliary and vascular complications, whenever possible; consideration of liver transplantation only when all other treatment possibilities have been exhausted; and treatment of all patients, without exception, by albendazole for at least two years after radical surgery and long term (at least several years) in other cases. In France, survival and quality of life have improved very substantially, due to earlier diagnosis, clinical classification of cases, and rigorous follow-up as part of the FrancEchino network. Better understanding of the immunological and immunogenetic mechanisms that underlie the course of disease may open up the possibility of immunomodulation that could replace or round out the current treatments. These are far from satisfactory, in view of the constraints of prolonged, most often life-long treatment by benzimidazoles and their side effects.

Published
2010
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7. Grass height and transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, China

Author

Wang , Qian, Raoul , Francis, Budke , Christine, Craig , Philip S, Xiao , Yong-Fu, Vuitton , Dominique A, Campos-Ponce , Maiza, Qiu , Dong-Chuan, Pleydell , David, Giraudoux , Patrick, Sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sichuan Government, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, A&M University, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Texas A&M University System, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, and VU University

Subjects
MESH: Ecology, China, MESH: Dog Diseases, grass height, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, Poaceae, Tibet, MESH : Echinococcosis, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Dogs, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, MESH: Poaceae, MESH : Dogs, Echinococcosis, small mammals, parasitic diseases, Animals, MESH : China, MESH: Animals, Dog Diseases, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH : Poaceae, Ecology, MESH : Tibet, MESH: Tibet, transmission, MESH: China, MESH : Dog Diseases, Echinococcosis multilocularis, MESH : Ecology, alveolar echinococcosis, overgrazing, Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Animals
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis is a major zoonosis of public health significance in western China. Overgrazing was recently assumed as a potential risk factor for transmission of alveolar echinococcosis. The research was designed to further test the overgrazing hypothesis by investigating how overgrazing influenced the burrow density of intermediate host small mammals and how the burrow density of small mammals was associated with dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection. METHODS: The study sites were chosen by previous studies which found areas where the alveolar echinococcosis was prevalent. The data, including grass height, burrow density of intermediate host small mammals, dog and fox fecal samples as well as Global Positioning System (GPS) position, were collected from field investigations in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, China. The fecal samples were analyzed using copro-PCR. The worms, teeth, bones and hairs in the fecal samples were visually examined. Single factor and multifactor analyses tools including chi square and generalized linear models were applied to these data. RESULTS: By using grass height as a proxy of grazing pressure in the homogenous pasture, this study found that taller grass in the pasture led to lower small mammals' burrow density (chi(2) = 4.670, P = 0.031, coefficient = -1.570). The Echinococcus multilocularis worm burden in dogs was statistically significantly related to the maximum density of the intermediate host Ochotona spp. (chi(2) = 5.250, P = 0.022, coefficient = 0.028). The prevalence in owned dogs was positively correlated to the number of stray dogs seen within a 200 meter radius (Wald chi(2) = 8.375, P = 0.004, odds ratio = 1.198). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that overgrazing promotes transmission of alveolar echinococcosis and confirm the role of stray dogs in the transmission of alveolar echinococcosis.

Published
2010

8. The EmsB tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite: a new tool to investigate genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato

Author

Bruno Gottstein, Renaud Piarroux, M. C. Benchikh-Elfegoun, I. Colovic, S. Ma, Karen Luisa Haag, Jenny Knapp, S. Maillard, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe ( IODE ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation ( LEGS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), The Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CASIA ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques ( IP-TPT ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) -Service de Santé des Armées-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Millon, Laurence, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
MESH : Algeria, MESH : Genotype, MESH: DNA, Helminth, MESH : Romania, MESH : Microsatellite Repeats, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 030308 mycology & parasitology, MESH: Genotype, MESH: Dogs, MESH : Dogs, MESH : Mauritania, MESH : Cattle, MESH : DNA, Helminth, Genotype, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, Echinococcus granulosus, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mauritania, MESH: Camels, DNA, Helminth, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, MESH: Cattle, Microsatellite, MESH : Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Algeria, Serbia, Brazil, MESH: Mauritania, Microbiology (medical), China, Camelus, MESH: Sheep, MESH : Sheep, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Romania, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Sensu, MESH : Genetic Variation, Genetic variation, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH : Brazil, MESH : China, MESH : Cluster Analysis, Genotyping, MESH : Serbia, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Genetic diversity, Sheep, MESH: Humans, MESH : Camels, Romania, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Humans, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Serbia, Evolutionary biology, Algeria, Cattle, Parasitology, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, MESH : Animals, MESH: Brazil, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread and severe zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of the eucestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The polymorphism exhibited by nuclear and mitochondrial markers conventionally used for the genotyping of different parasite species and strains does not reach the level necessary for the identification of genetic variants linked to restricted geographical areas. EmsB is a tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite that proved its usefulness for the study of genetic polymorphisms within the species E. multilocularis , the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis. In the present study, EmsB was used to characterize E. granulosus sensu lato samples collected from different host species (sheep, cattle, dromedaries, dogs, and human patients) originating from six different countries (Algeria, Mauritania, Romania, Serbia, Brazil, and the People's Republic of China). The conventional mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 markers identified genotypes G1, G3, G5, G6, and G7, which are clustered into three groups corresponding to the species E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. ortleppi , and E. canadensis . With the same samples, EmsB provided a higher degree of genetic discrimination and identified variations that correlated with the relatively small-scale geographic origins of the samples. In addition, one of the Brazilian single hydatid cysts presented a hybrid genotypic profile that suggested genetic exchanges between E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. ortleppi . In summary, the EmsB microsatellite exhibits an interesting potential for the elaboration of a detailed map of the distribution of genetic variants and therefore for the determination and tracking of the source of CE.

Published
2009

9. Human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of the high-risk Kazakh ethnic group in Xinjiang, China

Author

Dominique A. Vuitton, Christiane Mougin, L. Z. Mo, Sylvain Monnier-Benoit, Xiaomei Lu, Z. Liu, Jean-Luc Prétet, S. Y. Xu, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes ( IBMP ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)

Subjects
Male, Oncology, Esophageal Neoplasms, MESH : Prevalence, Ethnic group, MESH : Aged, MESH : Genotype, Kazakh, MESH: Papillomavirus Infections, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Prevalence, MESH : Female, MESH : Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, MESH: Human papillomavirus 16, MESH: Aged, MESH : Papillomavirus Infections, Human papillomavirus 16, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, virus diseases, MESH: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: China, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, Esophageal Tissue, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Esophageal Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, language, Female, Adult, China, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, Population, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, MESH : China, MESH : Middle Aged, education, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, MESH : Humans, MESH : Human papillomavirus 16, Cancer, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, language.human_language, Etiology, Surgery, MESH : Esophageal Neoplasms, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; AIMS: To investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype-specific prevalence in the high-risk Kazakh ethnic group with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Sixty-seven Kazakh patients with primary ESCC were studied. From each patient, two tissue samples were collected: one sample of the tumor and one sample of normal esophageal tissue from an area away from the tumor. Tissues were analyzed by INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping test v2 assay allowing the detection of at least 24 different HPV genotypes. RESULTS: Twenty cancer patients (30%) had HPV DNA detected in collected specimens. Interestingly, 14 patients (21%) had HPV only in the tumor and six (9%) had HPV only in the normal esophageal tissue. Overall, HPV16 was the viral type most frequently detected being present in eight out of 20 positive cases (40%). No correlation between the presence of HPVs and the gender or ESCC grade was observed. CONCLUSION: If the causative factors of esophageal carcinogenesis remain to be firmly established in the Kazakh population, HPV found in 30% of patients might play a role in the etiology of esophageal SCC.

Published
2008
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10. Species identification of human echinococcosis using histopathology and genotyping in northwestern China

Author

Patrick Giraudoux, Ren Zhen, Akira Ito, Jiamin Qiu, Philip S. Craig, Ning Xiao, Minoru Nakao, Tiaoying Li, Xingwang Chen, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sichuan Government, Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Male, Pathology, Echinococcus shiquicus, MESH : Genotype, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Echinococcosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 030308 mycology & parasitology, MESH: Genotype, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH : Dogs, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Child, Genotype, Parasite hosting, MESH: Animals, MESH : Female, Child, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, Infectivity, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, General Medicine, MESH : Adult, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Female, Adult, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, Article, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Species Specificity, MESH : Adolescent, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH : Species Specificity, MESH : China, Genotyping, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, MESH: Male, Echinococcus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Parasitology, MESH : Animals, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Human cystic echinococcosis, caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, and alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval form of E. multilocularis, are known to be important public health problems in western China. Echinococcus shiquicus is a new species of Echinococcus recently described in wildlife hosts from the eastern Tibetan plateau and its infectivity and/or pathogenicity in humans remain unknown. In the current study, parasite tissues from various organs were collected post-operatively from 68 echinococcosis patients from Sichuan and Qinghai provinces in eastern China. The tissues were examined by histopathology and genotyped using DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Histopathologically, 38 human isolates were confirmed as E. granulosus and 30 as E. multilocularis. Mitochondrial cob gene sequencing and PCR-RFLP with rrnL as the target gene confirmed 33 of 53 of the isolates to have the G1 genotype of sheep/dog strain of E. granulosus as the only source of infection, while the remaining 20 isolates were identified as E. multilocularis. No infections were found to be caused by E. shiquicus. Additionally, 5 of 20 alveolar echinococcosis patients were confirmed to have intracranial metastases from primary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesions. All these cases originated from four provinces or autonomous regions but most were distributed in Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, where high prevalence rates of human alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis were previously documented.

Published
2008
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11. Echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwest China

Author

Philip S. Craig, Malcolm K. Jones, Donald P. McManus, Tao Sun, Gail M. Williams, Patrick Giraudoux, Dominique A. Vuitton, Yu Rong Yang, Ningxia Medical College, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Molecular Parasitology Unit, University of Queensland [Brisbane]-The Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition ( ACITH ), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, MESH: Chlamydia Infections, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Specimen Handling, Epidemiology, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Animals, MESH : Female, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH: Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, Ultrasonography, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH : Antigens, Bacterial, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, MESH: Cervix Uteri, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH : Time Factors, MESH : Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, China, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, MESH: Polyethylene Terephthalates, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Chlamydia trachomatis, Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Family Health, MESH : Epidemiologic Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, MESH : Immunoenzyme Techniques, Environmental health, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH : China, MESH : Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: Specimen Handling, MESH: Immunoenzyme Techniques, Family Health, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Cystic echinococcosis, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, Public health, MESH : Chlamydia trachomatis, MESH: Time Factors, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Chlamydia Infections, MESH : Cervix Uteri, MESH: Family Health, MESH : Polyethylene Terephthalates, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Animals, Rural area, Epidemiologic Methods, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Antigens, Bacterial
Abstract

International audience; Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), due to E. multilocularis, are endemic to large areas of north and northwest China. Here we review features of a severe focus of AE and CE in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), northwest China. We describe for NHAR the results of surveys of hospital surgical and clinical records, including treatment of AE and CE, and active community detection of asymptomatic/early-stage cases and patient follow-up using questionnaire analysis, ultrasound examinations and serology. We compare the key risk factors for both AE and CE in this setting with those reported from other areas. In addition, we document the socio-economic factors impacting on treatment and control of AE and CE. This update indicates that echinococcosis continues to be highly endemic in NHAR and exemplifies the serious public health problem that the disease presents, particularly in poor rural areas. Extensive community surveys of echinococcosis are required throughout northwest China, especially in rural communities. These will enable earlier detection of echinococcosis cases, thereby improving treatment outcomes, and reveal the true epidemiological picture regarding the disease in this region, with a view to developing and implementing new strategies for future control.

Published
2008
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12. A correlative study of ultrasound with serology in an area in China co-endemic for human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis

Author

Yang, Y. R., Craig, P. S., Ito, A., Vuitton, D. A., Giraudoux, P., Sun, T., Williams, G. M., Huang, Z., Li, Zhenyu, Wang, Y., Teng, J., Li, Y., Huang, L., Wen, H., Jones, M. K., Mcmanus, D. P., Ningxia Medical College, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Molecular Parasitology Unit, University of Queensland [Brisbane]-The Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition ( ACITH ), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Pulmonary Alveoli, Endemic Diseases, MESH : Aged, MESH: Comorbidity, Comorbidity, MESH : Child, Preschool, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Cross Reactions, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, MESH : Population Surveillance, MESH : Female, Child, MESH: Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, MESH : Immunoblotting, Ultrasonography, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Immunoblotting, MESH : Cross Reactions, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, MESH: China, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, MESH: Endemic Diseases, MESH : Comorbidity, Female, MESH : Endemic Diseases, Adult, MESH : Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, MESH : Male, Immunoblotting, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cross Reactions, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Echinococcosis, Echinococcosis, Humans, MESH : China, MESH : Middle Aged, Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Pulmonary Alveoli, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Pulmonary Alveoli, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; We correlated ultrasound (US) imaging classifications for human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) with serology (ELISA and immunoblotting (IB) incorporating native and recombinant/purified echinococcal antigens) in community surveys (2001-2003) and follow-up (2002 and 2003) of US-confirmed cases in Ningxia, China. One hundred and seventy-one cases (96 with AE, 75 with CE) were identified; of these, US classification and serological data were obtained for 142 and 112 cases, respectively. Seropositive-rates increased in CE patients with highly viable unilocular cyst lesions (Types CL, CE 1 or CE 2) to degenerating primary lesions (CE 3), but then decreased in subjects with inactive (CE 4) or dead (CE 5) cysts. In contrast, there was a constant increase in seropositivity from the early (P1, P2) to the advanced stages (P3, P4) with AE cases. For US-confirmed cases, follow-up by US combined with serology is invaluable for studying the clinical progression of echinococcosis and for detecting recurrent cysts or reinfection post-treatment.

Published
2007
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13. Early Cambrian origin of modern food webs: evidence from predator arrow worms

Author

Elodie Renvoisé, S.-X. Hu, Jean Vannier, J.-P. Casanova, Michael Steiner, Paléoenvironnement et paléobiosphère ( PP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sekr. ACK 14, Technische Universität Berlin ( TUB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Yunnan Institute of Geological Science, Funding provided by the French Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Education and Research (DRIC) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) via the PRA T03–04 Program and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Range (biology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, MESH: Fossils, 01 natural sciences, Food chain, MESH : Ecosystem, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, MESH : Evolution, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Ecology, Fossils, plankton, Biota, General Medicine, Biological Evolution, MESH: China, MESH : Food Chain, Cambrian, predation, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article, 010506 paleontology, China, Biology, Zooplankton, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MESH: Invertebrates, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, MESH: Evolution, Animals, MESH : China, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, MESH: Food Chain, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MESH : Invertebrates, Ecological niche, General Immunology and Microbiology, Pelagic zone, Invertebrates, chaetognaths, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, food chain, MESH : Fossils, fossil-lagerstätte, MESH : Animals
Abstract

7 pages; International audience; Although palaeontological evidence from exceptional biota demonstrates the existence of diverse marine communities in the Early Cambrian (approx. 540-520 Myr ago), little is known concerning the functioning of the marine ecosystem, especially its trophic structure and the full range of ecological niches colonized by the fauna. The presence of a diverse zooplankton in Early Cambrian oceans is still an open issue. Here we provide compelling evidence that chaetognaths, an important element of modern zooplankton, were present in the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota with morphologies almost identical to Recent forms. New information obtained from the lowermost Cambrian of China added to previous studies provide convincing evidence that protoconodont-bearing animals also belonged to chaetognaths. Chaetognaths were probably widespread and diverse in the earliest Cambrian. The obvious raptorial function of their circumoral apparatuses (grasping spines) places them among the earliest active predator metazoans. Morphology, body ratios and distribution suggest that the ancestral chaetognaths were planktonic with possible ecological preferences for hyperbenthic niches close to the sea bottom. Our results point to the early introduction of prey-predator relationships into the pelagic realm, and to the increase of trophic complexity (three-level structure) during the Precambrian-Cambrian transition, thus laying the foundations of present-day marine food chains.

Published
2007
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14. Genotyping of human cystic echinococcosis in Xinjiang, PR China

Author

Philip S. Craig, Hao Wen, M. Abdukader, Renaud Piarroux, Jean-Mathieu Bart, Ya-Lou Zhang, Minoru Nakao, Dominique-Angèle Vuitton, Akira Ito, Yunhai Wang, R. Y. Lin, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Frontier Research Center for Global Change ( FRCGC ), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology ( JAMSTEC ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), and Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Aged, Helminth genetics, MESH : Child, Preschool, MESH: Base Sequence, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Serology, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Dogs, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, Genotype, MESH : Genes, Helminth, MESH: Animals, Dog Diseases, Animal Husbandry, Child, Echinococcus granulosus, Genes, Helminth, MESH: Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Cysts, MESH : Sequence Alignment, MESH: Animal Husbandry, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: China, 3. Good health, MESH : Dog Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Adult, China, Adolescent, MESH: Dog Diseases, Molecular Sequence Data, 030231 tropical medicine, Cestoda, MESH : Molecular Epidemiology, Helminthiasis, MESH: Sequence Alignment, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH : Cysts, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Species Specificity, Echinococcosis, MESH : Adolescent, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH : Species Specificity, MESH : China, MESH: Molecular Epidemiology, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH : Middle Aged, Genotyping, MESH : Animal Husbandry, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Base Sequence, Molecular epidemiology, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, Sequence Alignment, MESH: Cysts, MESH: Genes, Helminth
Abstract

International audience; The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, multi-ethnic province in northwestern China, is one of the most important foci of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the world. Two Echinococcus granulosus genotypes (G1 and G6) are known to infect the intermediate hosts in this area but, to date, the source of the human infection remains unclear. The current study aimed to genetically analyse 67 hydatid cysts removed from 47 CE patients for which epidemiological, clinical and serological data were also recorded. Mitochondrial cox 1 gene sequencing suggested that the E. granulosus G1 genotype is the major source of infection (45/47 CE patients). Nevertheless, for the first time in China, 2 patients were found with hydatid cysts of the G6 genotype. In addition, 45 E. granulosus gravid tapeworms, isolated from 13 dogs, were genotyped. The majority of adult worms (42/45) exhibited the G1 genotype, whereas 3 adult tapeworms with the G6 genotype were found in one dog, that also harboured E. granulosus tapeworms of the G1 genotype. This sympatric occurrence of G1 and G6 genotypes of E. granulosus, not only in the same area but also in the same definitive host, raises the interesting question of putative genetic recombination between these E. granulosus genotypes.

Published
2006
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15. Community surveys and risk factor analysis of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

Author

Belchis Boufana, Donald P. McManus, Dominique A. Vuitton, Gail M. Williams, Hao Wen, Tao Sun, Yumin Zhao, Xongzhou Liu, Ruiqi Liu, Jing Teng, Malcolm K. Jones, Patrick Giraudoux, Dazhong Shi, Brigitte Bartholomot, Jianzhong Zhang, Mark F. Danson, Xiaohui Feng, Yu Rong Yang, Akira Ito, Zhengzhi Li, Philip S. Craig, Qin Zhao, David Pleydell, Yunhai Wang, Rui Zhao, Ningxia Medical College, Molecular Parasitology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, University of Queensland [Brisbane]-The Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition ( ACITH ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ningxia Medical University, Medical College, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Xinjiang Medical University, Lanzhou Medical University, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité sous contrat biologie environnementale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Veterinary medicine, MESH : Prevalence, MESH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH: Risk Assessment, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Child, MESH: Animals, Child, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Infant, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Echinococcosis, MESH: Infant, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, MESH : Residence Characteristics, surveillance, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Echinococcus multilocularis, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Risk factor, MESH: Prevalence, chine, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, MESH: Adult, MESH: Rural Health, medicine.disease, MESH: Female, Demography, ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS, ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS, FACTEUR RISQUE, MESH : Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rural Health, MESH : Child, Preschool, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, communauté, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Serology, MESH: Health Surveys, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH : Rural Health, Epidemiology, Prevalence, MESH : Female, MESH: Residence Characteristics, MESH : Risk Assessment, MESH: Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, biology, MESH: Infant, Newborn, asie, MESH : Questionnaires, santé humaine, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH : Risk Factors, Female, Risk assessment, Research Article, Adult, MESH : Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, Adolescent, échinococcose kystique, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH : Health Surveys, enquête, MESH : Infant, Newborn, medicine, Animals, MESH : China, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, biology.organism_classification, Health Surveys, MESH: Male, échinococcose alvéolaire, Tropical medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Animals, business
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To determine the true community prevalence of human cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis (hydatid disease) in a highly endemic region in Ningxia Hui, China, by detecting asymptomatic cases. METHODS: Using hospital records and "AE-risk" landscape patterns we selected study communities predicted to be at risk of human echinococcosis in Guyuan, Longde and Xiji counties. We conducted community surveys of 4773 individuals from 26 villages in 2002 and 2003 using questionnaire analysis, ultrasound examination and serology. FINDINGS: Ultrasound and serology showed a range of prevalences for AE (0-8.1%; mean 2%) and CE (0-7.4%; mean 1.6%), with the highest prevalence in Xiji (2% for CE, 2.5% for AE). There were significant differences in the prevalence of CE, AE and total echinococcosis between the three counties and villages (with multiple degrees of freedom). While hospital records showed 96% of echinococcosis cases attributable to CE, our survey showed a higher prevalence of human AE (56%) compared to CE (44%). Questionnaire analysis revealed that key risk factors for infection were age and dog ownership for both CE and AE, and Hui ethnicity and being female for AE. Drinking well-water decreased the risk for both AE and CE. CONCLUSION: Echinococcosis continues to be a severe public health problem in this part of China because of unhygienic practices/habits and poor knowledge among the communities regarding this disease.

Published
2006
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16. Dual infection of animal hosts with different Echinococcus species in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China

Author

Patrick Giraudoux, Philip S. Craig, Akira Ito, Christine M. Budke, Ning Xiao, Jiamin Qiu, Minoru Nakao, Sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sichuan Government, Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Institute of Parasitology, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Echinococcus shiquicus, MESH: Echinococcus, MESH: DNA Restriction Enzymes, MESH : Echinococcosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030308 mycology & parasitology, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Dogs, MESH : DNA, Ribosomal, MESH : Echinococcus, MESH: Animals, MESH: Lagomorpha, Dog Diseases, MESH : DNA Restriction Enzymes, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, 0303 health sciences, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal, biology, DNA Restriction Enzymes, MESH : Lagomorpha, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, MESH : Dog Diseases, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, China, Ochotona curzoniae, MESH: Dog Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Cestoda, Echinococcus multilocularis, DNA, Ribosomal, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, MESH : China, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Pika, MESH : Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, MESH: Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Lagomorpha, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Echinococcus, Parasitology, MESH : Animals
Abstract

International audience; The eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China is a highly endemic region of echinococcosis where Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain), Echinococcus multilocularis, and Echinococcus shiquicus are distributed sympatrically. We developed a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the identification of the three species in this region. The PCR-RFLP showed the dual infection of animals with different Echinococcus spp. The first case was a domestic dog concurrently infected with adults of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis. The second case was a plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) harboring metacestodes of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus in the liver. The high susceptibility of some mammalian hosts to the parasites and the high prevalence of the three co-endemic species probably increase the chance of mixed infections in the eastern Tibetan plateau.

Published
2006

17. Morphological and molecular characteristics of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus mixed infection in a dog from Xinjiang, China

Author

Philip S. Craig, Hao Wen, Ya-Lou Zhang, Dominique A. Vuitton, Jean-Mathieu Bart, Patrick Giraudoux, Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Base Sequence, MESH: DNA, Helminth, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030308 mycology & parasitology, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Dogs, MESH : DNA, Helminth, Genotype, MESH : Disease Reservoirs, Parasite hosting, MESH: Animals, Dog Diseases, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH : RNA, Ribosomal, MESH : Sequence Alignment, General Medicine, DNA, Helminth, MESH: China, 3. Good health, MESH : Dog Diseases, PCR, MIXED INFECTION, Mitochondrial DNA, China, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, MESH: Dog Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Sequence Alignment, Echinococcus multilocularis, CESTODE, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Echinococcosis, parasitic diseases, Animals, MESH : China, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Gene, Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, General Veterinary, Base Sequence, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Phylogeny, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, Staining, Echinococcus, RNA, Ribosomal, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, Parasitology, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, Sequence Alignment
Abstract

International audience; The Xinjiang plateau of western China has been shown to have a high prevalence for human cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus, and human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. The domestic dog is suspected to be the primary definitive host for the transmission of both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis to humans in this locality. Seventeen of 30 stray dogs from Hejing County of Xinjiang were found positive for E. granulosus post mortem, and one double infection was suspected. Worm samples were collected, dyed by carmine, and observed microscopically. Carmine staining examination clearly revealed the differences in number of proglottids and appearance of uterine branches and lateral genital pore for those two species of Echinococcus. Furthermore, gene target DNA fragments were amplified for formal identification of the two parasite species, based on 12s rRNA mitochondrial gene. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Compared with NCBI GenBank, the DNA sequences demonstrated 100% identity with E. granulosus (sheep strain, G1 genotype) and E. multilocularis.

Published
2006
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18. Hospital and community surveys reveal the severe public health problem and socio-economic impact of human echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

Author

Donald P. McManus, X. Pan, S. K. Yang, Yu Rong Yang, Tao Sun, S. Hu, Patrick Giraudoux, Gail M. Williams, X. P. Li, Philip S. Craig, Dominique-Angèle Vuitton, L. Cheng, X. Liu, Ningxia Medical College, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Brain imaging (LIAMA), Laboratoire Franco-Chinois d'Informatique, d'Automatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LIAMA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Parasitology, University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Brain imaging ( LIAMA ), Laboratoire Franco-Chinois d'Informatique, d'Automatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées ( LIAMA ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition ( ACITH ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (UR 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH)

Subjects
Male, Cost effectiveness, MESH : Aged, MESH: Hospitalization, MESH : Child, Preschool, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Length of Stay, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, 80 and over, MESH : Population Surveillance, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Female, Child, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH: Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Mortality rate, MESH : Infant, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pulmonary, Health Care Costs, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, Echinococcosis, MESH: Infant, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, MESH : Length of Stay, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, MESH : Hospitalization, Female, Public Health, MESH: Public Health, MESH : Health Care Costs, Adult, MESH : Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, China, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary, Adolescent, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH : Public Health, MESH: Health Care Costs, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, Humans, MESH : China, MESH : Middle Aged, Preschool, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, Disease burden, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, MESH: Adult, Length of Stay, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Surgery, Socioeconomic Factors, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Epidemiologic Methods, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract

International audience; A comprehensive study of human echinococcosis (caused by Echinococcus granulosus or E. multilocularis), including assessment of hospital records, community surveys and patient follow-up, was conducted in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), China. In contrast to hospital records that showed 96% of echinococcosis cases were caused by cystic echinococcosis (CE), 56% of cases detected in active community surveys were caused by alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The AE and CE cases co-existed frequently in the same village, even occurring in the same patient. A serious public health problem caused by echinococcosis was evident in southern NHAR, typified by: a long diagnostic history for both AE and CE (7.5 years) compared with a shorter treatment history (4.7 years); a significant mortality rate (39%) caused by AE in one surveyed village, where patients had no previous access to treatment; family aggregation of CE and AE cases; a high proportion of both AE (62.5%) and CE (58%) in females; a high rate of recurrent surgery (30%) for CE demonstrated by surgical records; and frequent symptomatic recurrences (51%) because of discontinuous or sporadic access to chemotherapy for AE. The disease burden for both human AE and CE is thus very severe among these rural communities in NHAR, and this study provides the first attempt to determine the costs of morbidity and surgical intervention of human CE and AE cases both at the hospital and community level in this setting. This information may be useful for assessing the cost effectiveness of designing effective public health programs to control echinococcosis in this and other endemic areas in China and elsewhere.

Published
2006
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19. Post-survey follow-up for human cystic echinococcosis in northwest China

Author

Tiehan He, Hao Wen, Xi-Nian Wen, Philip S. Craig, M.T. Rogan, Dominique A. Vuitton, Xincai Xu, Tao Li, Wenbing Zhang, Arbudu Waili, Yunhai Wang, College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] (CIEE), China Agricultural University (CAU), Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] ( CIEE ), China Agricultural University ( CAU ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
MESH : Anthelmintics, MESH : Recurrence, Hydatid cyst, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Serology, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Health Surveys, Recurrence, Cyst, Ultrasonography, Anthelmintics, 0303 health sciences, Ultrasound, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Anthelmintics, MESH : Albendazole, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, Helminthiasis, MESH : Health Surveys, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Albendazole, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, MESH: Albendazole, MESH : China, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Cystic echinococcosis, MESH : Humans, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, Specific igg, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Surgery, MESH: Recurrence, Insect Science, Parasitology, business, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Hepatic calcification, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

In Hobukesar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, (China), a mass-screening programme for human cystic echinococcosis (CE) was performed during 1995 and 1996. After the survey 51 cases were followed-up using ultrasound scan and serology for 1–8 years (1996–2003). These included 20 CE cases treated by surgery (endocystectomy), four CE cases treated by percutanous drainage (PAIR), six untreated CE cases, five ultrasound ‘query’ cases, eight cases of isolated hepatic calcifications, four previous CE surgery cases whose ultrasound was now normal, and four seropositive cases who exhibited a normal hepatic ultrasound. Follow-up results indicated that in the untreated CE patients, one case exhibited a spontaneous cure within 4 years, another case changed from a hepatic hydatid cyst that contained a floating laminated membrane (type CE3) to a cyst that contained daughter cysts (type CE2) within 1 year of follow-up. In the 20 surgically treated cases, two recurrent CE cases occurred within 4 years, and five cases had had residual cavities for more than 4 or 8 years. Of the 4 PAIR treated cases, two recurrent cases of CE occurred within 4 or 8 years of follow-up. Serological follow-up data showed that specific IgG antibody levels were persistently positive in most CE cases, but exhibited a decreasing tendency in cases that were effectively treated by surgery; In contrast, serum IgG levels in the PAIR group or in the recurrent CE cases after surgery exhibited an increasing tendency. At least one persistant seropositive case with an isolated hepatic calcification was considered to be abortive CE. Keywords: Cystic echinococcosis; Ultrasound; Serology; Follow-up

Published
2006

20. Unique family clustering of human echinococcosis cases in a chinese community

Author

Xiaohui Feng, Yu Rong Yang, Dominique A. Vuitton, Hao Wen, Philip S. Craig, Xongzhou Liu, Patrick Giraudoux, Tao Sun, Magda K. Ellis, Akira Ito, Donald P. McManus, Belchis Boufana, Yunhai Wang, Brigitte Bartholomot, Zhengzhi Li, Ningxia Medical College, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] (CIEE), China Agricultural University (CAU), Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Molecular Parasitology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition (ACITH), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] ( CIEE ), China Agricultural University ( CAU ), University of Queensland [Brisbane]-The Queensland Institute of Medical Research-Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition ( ACITH ), ProdInra, Migration, Ningxia Medical University, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité sous contrat biologie environnementale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Veterinary medicine, Endemic Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Aged, Alveolar echinococcosis, MESH: Logistic Models, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH: Rural Population, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Child, Chinese community, MESH : Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, Child, Ultrasonography, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Extended family, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, Echinococcosis, MESH : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, MESH: China, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, MESH: Endemic Diseases, Female, MESH : Endemic Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Adolescent, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Helminthiasis, Antibodies, Helminth, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Echinococcus multilocularis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Antibodies, Helminth, Virology, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, MESH : China, Animals, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Family, MESH: Family, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Antibodies, Helminth, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Echinococcus granulosus, Cystic echinococcosis, business.industry, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH : Rural Population, Logistic Models, Tropical medicine, Parasitology, MESH : Family, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Animals, business, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Female, RESISTANCE, Demography, MESH : Logistic Models
Abstract

International audience; We have identified a significant focus and unusual clustering of human cases of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in the village of Nanwan, Xiji County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in one of the most highly endemic areas for both diseases in China. The village, a Chinese Hui Islamic community, is composed of 167 members of four extended families. A total of 28 people died (12 of echinococcosis) since the village was first settled in the 1950s. Despite similar life patterns, the number of AE and CE cases occurring in each family was different. Overall, the prevalences of AE and CE were 9% (20 cases) and 5.9% (13 cases), with a combined prevalence of 14.9%. In contrast to CE, a comparison of the prevalence of AE indicated significant differences between the four family clusters. Although suggestive that host genotype might play a role in susceptibility to AE, this hypothesis requires further investigation.

Published
2006

21. Spatial modelling and ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis transmission in China

Author

Philip S. Craig, Patrick Giraudoux, F. Mark Danson, Centre for Environmental Systems Research, University of Salford, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Geographic information system, MESH : Prevalence, MESH : Host-Parasite Interactions, MESH: Satellite Communications, MESH : Models, Biological, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH : Echinococcosis, 030308 mycology & parasitology, law.invention, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Dogs, law, Prevalence, MESH: Animals, Dog Diseases, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Satellite Communications, MESH: China, MESH : Dog Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), Habitat, MESH: Ecology, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Landscape epidemiology, Ecology (disciplines), MESH: Dog Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Echinococcus multilocularis, Models, Biological, MESH: Host-Parasite Interactions, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Echinococcosis, MESH : China, Animals, Humans, MESH: Geographic Information Systems, MESH: Prevalence, MESH : Geographic Information Systems, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Models, Biological, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, MESH : Satellite Communications, MESH : Ecology, Spatial ecology, Geographic Information Systems, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Animals, Landscape ecology, business, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS
Abstract

International audience; Recent research in central China has suggested that the most likely transmission mechanism for Echinococcus multilocularis to humans is via domestic dogs which are allowed to roam freely and hunt (infected) small mammals within areas close to villages or in areas of tented pasture. This assertion has led to the hypothesis that there is a landscape control on transmission risk since the proximity of suitable habitat for susceptible small mammals appears to be the key. We have tested this hypothesis in a number of endemic areas in China, notably south Gansu Province and the Tibetan region of western Sichuan Province. The fundamental landscape control is its effect at a regional scale on small mammal species assemblages (susceptible species are not ubiquitous) and, at a local scale, the spatial distributions of small mammal populations. To date the research has examined relationships between landscape composition and patterns of human infection, landscape and small mammal distributions and recently the relationships between landscape and dog infection rates. The key tool to characterize landscape is satellite remote sensing and these data are used as inputs to drive spatial models of transmission risk. This paper reviews the progress that has been made so far in spatial modeling of the ecology of E. multilocularis with particular reference to China, outlines current research issues, and describes a framework for building a spatial-temporal model of transmission ecology.

Published
2006
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22. Fenced pasture: a possible risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan pastoralist communities of Sichuan, China

Author

Dominique A. Vuitton, Peter M. Schantz, Francis Raoul, Yong-fu Xiao, Wen Yang, Jiamin Qiu, Qian Wang, Tiaoying Li, Patrick Giraudoux, Philip S. Craig, Sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sichuan Government, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Male, MESH : Aged, MESH: Echinococcus, MESH : Animals, Domestic, MESH : Child, Preschool, MESH : Echinococcosis, Fencing, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH : Child, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, MESH : Disease Reservoirs, MESH : Echinococcus, MESH: Animals, MESH : Female, Animal Husbandry, Child, 2. Zero hunger, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Ecology, MESH: Animal Husbandry, MESH : Infant, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Infant, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH: China, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Animals, Domestic, Child, Preschool, Female, Adult, China, Adolescent, Veterinary (miscellaneous), MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Pastoralism, Population, Echinococcus multilocularis, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Echinococcosis, Human settlement, MESH : Adolescent, Animals, Humans, MESH : China, MESH: Animals, Domestic, MESH : Middle Aged, Overgrazing, education, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Animal Husbandry, Aged, Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH : Humans, Outbreak, Infant, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Echinococcus, Cross-Sectional Studies, Insect Science, Parasitology, MESH : Animals, ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Alveolar echinococcosis, infection caused by the parasitic helminth Echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonosis strongly linked to climatic and ecological factors. Cross-sectional survey data were used to test a hypothesis that partial fencing of pastures could promote alveolar echinococcosis transmission in semi-nomadic pastoral communities of the Tibetan plateau, PR China. Using multiple stepwise logistic regression with consideration of factors of age and gender, it was shown that partial fencing around the settlements in winter pasture was significantly and independently associated with the risk of human alveolar echinococcosis in the surveyed villages (P = 0.021). The underlying reason may lie in overgrazing, an assumed cause of population outbreaks of small mammal intermediate hosts of the parasite on the Tibetan plateau. Overgrazing may have been exacerbated by the reduction of communal pastures nearby the settlements due to introduction of partial fencing around group tenure pastures acquired by Tibetan pastoralist families.

Published
2004
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23. Interactions between landscape changes and host communities can regulate Echinococcus multilocularis transmission

Author

Philip S. Craig, Yunhai Wang, Francis Raoul, Pierre Delattre, Dz Shi, S Harraga, Patrick Giraudoux, Genshu Bao, Jean-Pierre Quéré, Dominique-Angèle Vuitton, Brigitte Bartholomot, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut francilien recherche, innovation et société (IFRIS), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-OST-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Lanzhou Medical College, Chinese Government, Medical College, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-OST-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
TRANSMISSION ECOLOGY, MESH : Prevalence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Rodentia, MESH: Rodentia, MESH: Echinococcus, MESH : Models, Biological, MESH : Echinococcosis, Grassland, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, Zoonoses, MESH : Ecosystem, Prevalence, MESH : Echinococcus, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, health_and_wellbeing, MESH: China, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Conservation of Natural Resources, France, MESH: Zoonoses, RODENTIA, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Landscape epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Echinococcus multilocularis, Models, Biological, Shrubland, MESH : Zoonoses, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Conservation of Natural Resources, MESH: Echinococcosis, Deforestation, Echinococcosis, Animals, Humans, MESH : China, Ecosystem, LANDSCAPE EPIDEMIOLOGY, education, MESH : France, MESH: Prevalence, geography, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY, MESH: Models, Biological, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, R1, Echinococcus, MESH: France, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, DEFORESTATION, MESH : Animals, Landscape ecology, SMALL MAMMALS, ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS
Abstract

An area close to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region and subject to intensive deforestation contains a large focus of human alveolar echinococcosis while sporadic human cases occur in the Doubs region of eastern France. The current review analyses and compares epidemiological and ecological results obtained in both regions. Analysis of rodent species assemblages within quantified rural landscapes in central China and eastern France shows a significant association between host species for the pathogenic helminthEchinococcus multilocularis, with prevalences of human alveolar echinococcosis and with land area under shrubland or grassland. This suggests that at the regional scale landscape can affect human disease distribution through interaction with small mammal communities and their population dynamics. Lidicker's ROMPA hypothesis helps to explain this association and provides a novel explanation of how landscape changes may result in increased risk of a rodent-borne zoonotic disease.

Published
2003

24. Multi-scale spatial analysis of human alveolar echinococcosis risk in China

Author

A. J. Graham, Patrick Giraudoux, F. M. Danson, David Pleydell, Philip S. Craig, Maiza Campos-Ponce, Centre for Environmental Systems Research, University of Salford, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Infectious Diseases

Subjects
Male, MESH : Prevalence, Range (biology), Climate, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S, MESH: Echinococcus, MESH: Satellite Communications, Review, P.H.S, MESH : Echinococcosis, 030308 mycology & parasitology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Prevalence, MESH : Echinococcus, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Climate, Satellite Communications, MESH: China, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Female, Cartography, China, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Non-P.H.S, Wildlife, Biology, Research Support, Spatial distribution, Echinococcus multilocularis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Echinococcosis, Journal Article, MESH : China, Animals, Humans, Spatial analysis, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH : Climate, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH : Satellite Communications, Echinococcus, Spatial ecology, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, U.S. Gov't, MESH : Animals, Scale (map), MESH: Female, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S
Abstract

Risk factors for the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis to humans operate at a range of spatial scales. Over a large area, such as China, regional scale risk is correlated with variation in climatic conditions because of its effect on the spatial distribution of landscapes that can support E. multilocularis transmission in wildlife hosts and the probability of egg survival. At a local scale of a few kilometres, or tens of kilometres, transmission risk is related to the spatial proximity of human populations and landscapes with active transmission. At the patch scale, when considering individual villages or households, human behavioural factors are important and for individuals genetic and immunological factors play a role. Satellite remote sensing can provide landscape information at a range of spatial scales and provide a spatial framework within which to examine transmission patterns. This paper reviews the application of remotely sensed data and spatial data analysis to develop a better understanding of disease transmission and shows how such data have been used to examine human alveolar echinocossosis infection patterns, at a range of spatial scales, in an endemic area in central China.

Published
2003

25. Classification, follow-up and recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis using ultrasound images

Author

Tao Li, Khaled M. Al-Qaoud, Dominique-Angèle Vuitton, X.F. Zhang, L. Gambolt, H. Zheng, Xi-Nian Wen, N. Davaadorj, J. Luo, Sami K. Abdel-Hafez, Alasdair R. Fraser, Y. Wang, B. Liu, Hao Wen, Patrick Giraudoux, T. Mukhar, H. X. Zhou, Brigitte Bartholomot, M.T. Rogan, Philip S. Craig, Xinjiang Medical University, Chinese Government, WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sichuan Government, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, China, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Percutaneous, MESH : Recurrence, MESH : Mongolia, Pathognomonic, Recurrence, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, MESH : China, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Stage (cooking), MESH: Mongolia, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Jordan, Pathological, Ultrasonography, Jordan, MESH: Humans, biology, business.industry, Ultrasound, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, General Medicine, Mongolia, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, Surgery, MESH: Recurrence, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Jordan, Parasitology, Radiology, business, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Calcification, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; Ultrasound image and morphological structure of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) were analysed in 277 human cases (385 hepatic hydatid cysts). These included 65 CE cases from community surveys carried out between 1995 and 2000 in 3 countries (China, Mongolia and Jordan) and 212 cases from a clinical hospital survey from Xinjiang, China. A new simplified WHO ultrasound classification for human CE was assessed, and considered useful. It is proposed that type, size and number in particular need to be included in the ultrasound classification of hepatic CE. For comparative purposes 6 categories of type were classified in the study as Type 0 to Type 5 (T0-T5): T0, univesicular without pathognomonic signs; T1, univesicular with pathognomonic signs; T2, cysts with sagging or floating laminated membrane; T3, cysts containing daughter cysts; T4, solid mass or mixed cysts; and T5, cysts with partial or full calcifications. This differs from the WHO classification wherein Type T3 cysts (daughter cysts present) are considered a pathological stage to occur in general prior to the sagging or floating membrane (T2) stage. Recurrent hydatid cysts in the liver were also studied based on morphological structures observed directly from surgical intervention. Case follow-up over 1-5 years since endocystectomy in the community surveys indicated 10% (2/10) recurrence of cysts in the residual surgical cavity. Recurrent CE included 2 (2/4) cases after percutaneous treatment.

Published
2003

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