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29 results on '"MESH: World Health"'

1. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis

Author: Diana Rudan, Julie O. Denenberg, Igor Rudan, Mary M. McDermott, Paul Norman, Michael H. Criqui, George A. Mensah, Linda Williams, Uchechukwe K A Sampson, F. Gerald R. Fowkes, Victor Aboyans, Genetics and Pathology, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], and CHU Limoges
Subjects: Male, Prevalence, MESH: Lower Extremity, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, MESH: Ankle Brachial Index, Coronary artery disease, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Peripheral Arterial Disease, Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Developing Countries, MESH: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Sex Distribution, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Lower Extremity, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Peripheral Arterial Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Ankle Brachial Index, Peripheral artery disease (PAD), Sex Distribution, Risk factor, education, MESH: Age Distribution, Developing Countries, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Developed Countries, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Developed Countries, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Surgery, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Lower extremity peripheral artery disease is the third leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity, following coronary artery disease and stroke. This study provides the first comparison of the prevalence of peripheral artery disease between high-income countries (HIC) and low-income or middle-income countries (LMIC), establishes the primary risk factors for peripheral artery disease in these settings, and estimates the number of people living with peripheral artery disease regionally and globally. METHODS: We did a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of peripheral artery disease in which we searched for community-based studies since 1997 that defined peripheral artery disease as an ankle brachial index (ABI) lower than or equal to 0*90. We used epidemiological modelling to define age-specific and sex-specific prevalence rates in HIC and in LMIC and combined them with UN population numbers for 2000 and 2010 to estimate the global prevalence of peripheral artery disease. Within a subset of studies, we did meta-analyses of odds ratios (ORs) associated with 15 putative risk factors for peripheral artery disease to estimate their effect size in HIC and LMIC. We then used the risk factors to predict peripheral artery disease numbers in eight WHO regions (three HIC and five LMIC). FINDINGS: 34 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, 22 from HIC and 12 from LMIC, including 112,027 participants, of which 9347 had peripheral artery disease. Sex-specific prevalence rates increased with age and were broadly similar in HIC and LMIC and in men and women. The prevalence in HIC at age 45-49 years was 5*28% (95% CI 3*38-8*17%) in women and 5*41% (3*41-8*49%) in men, and at age 85-89 years, it was 18*38% (11*16-28*76%) in women and 18*83% (12*03-28*25%) in men. Prevalence in men was lower in LMIC than in HIC (2*89% [2*04-4*07%] at 45-49 years and 14*94% [9*58-22*56%] at 85-89 years). In LMIC, rates were higher in women than in men, especially at younger ages (6*31% [4*86-8*15%] of women aged 45-49 years). Smoking was an important risk factor in both HIC and LMIC, with meta-OR for current smoking of 2*72 (95% CI 2*39-3*09) in HIC and 1*42 (1*25-1*62) in LMIC, followed by diabetes (1*88 [1*66-2*14] vs 1*47 [1*29-1*68]), hypertension (1*55 [1*42-1*71] vs 1*36 [1*24-1*50]), and hypercholesterolaemia (1*19 [1*07-1*33] vs 1*14 [1*03-1*25]). Globally, 202 million people were living with peripheral artery disease in 2010, 69*7% of them in LMIC, including 54*8 million in southeast Asia and 45*9 million in the western Pacific Region. During the preceding decade the number of individuals with peripheral artery disease increased by 28*7% in LMIC and 13*1% in HIC. INTERPRETATION: In the 21st century, peripheral artery disease has become a global problem. Governments, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector in LMIC need to address the social and economic consequences, and assess the best strategies for optimum treatment and prevention of this disease. FUNDING: Peripheral Arterial Disease Research Coalition (Europe).
Published: 2013

2. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Author: Lakshmi Vijayakumar, H. Ross Anderson, David Singh, Doruk Ozgediz, Ted R. Miller, David Chou, Sumeet S. Chugh, Patricia J. Erwin, Samath D Dharmaratne, Steven E. Lipshultz, Roderick J. Hay, Pon Hsiu Yeh, Luigi Naldi, Valery L. Feigin, Patricia Espindola, Laurie M. Anderson, Beth E. Ebel, Ziad A. Memish, Victor Aboyans, Fiona M. Blyth, Derrick A Bennett, Richard H. Osborne, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Maria Segui-Gomez, Ella Sanman, Myles Connor, Esteban Porrini, Don C. Des Jarlais, John R. Condon, Gretchen L. Birbeck, Luc E. Coffeng, Tim Driscoll, David Bartels, Bishnu Pahari, G. Remuzzi, F.G.R. Fowkes, Kyle J Foreman, Joshua A. Salomon, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Mengru Wang, Leslie T. Cooper, Diego Gonzalez-Medina, Ali A. Mokdad, Andrea Panozo Rivero, George A. Mensah, Diana Haring, Julie O. Denenberg, Murugesan Raju, Ralph L. Sacco, Robin Marks, Ian Bolliger, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Rita Krishnamurthi, Dharani Ranganathan, David Phillips, Benjamin C Cowie, Paul S. F. Yip, Charles Mock, Bruno Hoen, Robert G. Weintraub, Frederick P. Rivara, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Jonathan R. Carapetis, K. Ellicott Colson, Wenzhi Wang, Diego De Leo, Lisa M. Knowlton, Guy B. Marks, Michael S Lipnick, Rashmi Jasrasaria, Flavio Gaspari, Richard F. Gillum, John J. McGrath, Jacqueline Mabweijano, Rogelio Perez Padilla, Marlene Fransen, Allyne Delossantos, Theo Vos, Rafael Lozano, Damian G Hoy, Thomas Roberts, Anthony D. Woolf, Zhi Jie Zheng, Karen Sliwa, Andrew E. Moran, Boris Bikbov, Jessica Singleton, Spencer L. James, Mohsen Naghavi, Kim Mulholland, Saad B. Omer, Yara A. Halasa, Sherine E. Gabriel, Leslie Mallinger, Peter Burney, Imad M. Tleyjeh, Majid Ezzati, Jennifer A. Taylor, Thomas Truelsen, Akira Matsumori, Emelia J. Benjamin, Mary M. McDermott, Kiumarss Nasseri, James Harrison, Honglei Chen, Emmanuela Gakidou, M. Nathan Nair, Jerry Abraham, Karen Courville De Vaccaro, Kenji Shibuya, Rakesh Aggarwal, Stephanie Y. Ahn, Steven D. Colan, Christopher J L Murray, Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Michael Burch, Tony R. Merriman, Nabila Dahodwala, Sudha Jayaraman, Catherine Michaud, Louisa Degenhardt, C. Arden Pope, Monica Cortinovis, Richard Matzopoulos, Norberto Perico, Matthew A. Corriere, Kelsey Pierce, Charles Atkinson, Tim Adair, Abraham D. Flaxman, Michael F. Macintyre, Gregory R. Wagner, Paul Norman, Herbert C. Duber, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Peter J. Hotez, Andre Keren, Felipe Rodriguez De Leòn, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Michael H. Criqui, Kavi Bhalla, Soufiane Boufous, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Alan D. Lopez, Larry M. Baddour, Ana Olga Mocumbi, David B. Rein, Jürgen Rehm, Stephen S Lim, Farshad Pourmalek, Nicole E. Johns, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Martin A. Weinstock, Lyn March, Donald S. Shepard, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Michael Freeman, Chiara Bucello, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Adofo Koranteng, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Kerrianne Watt, Mohammad A. AlMazroa, Marita Cross, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Rasmus Havmoeller, Uchechukwu Sampson, Emma Smith, Bongani M. Mayosi, Summer Lockett Ohno, Michelle L. Bell, John H. McAnulty, E. Ray Dorsey, Lesley Rushton, Matthew J. Miller, Azadeh Zabetian, James D. Wilkinson, David C. Schwebel, Olive Kobusingye, Katrina F Ortblad, Martin O'Donnell, Jon Paul Khoo, William G. Couser, Miriam Alvarado, Richard C. Franklin, Lisa C. Rosenfeld, Andrew C Steer, Bernadette Thomas, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Sarah Wulf, Kathryn G. Andrews, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Cisco Systems, CISCO Systems, Inc, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, centre for photomolecular science, Imperial College London, Department of neurology, Miller School of Medicine-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Département Cité des métiers - Cité de la santé - Universcience ( CDM/CDS ), Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, Public Health, Cell biology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), and Département Cité des métiers - Cité de la santé - Universcience (CDM/CDS)
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, MESH : Mortality, MESH : Aged, Poison control, Disease, MESH : Child, Preschool, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, MESH: Cause of Death, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Cause of Death, MESH: Child, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, Mortality rate, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Age Factors, 1. No poverty, MESH : Infant, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, MESH : World Health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MESH : Sex Factors, Population, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Infant, Newborn, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MESH : Adolescent, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Mortality, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, education, Aged, MESH : Cause of Death, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, MESH: Mortality, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH : Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, MESH: Adult, Verbal autopsy, MESH: Male, Years of potential life lost, MESH : Age Factors, business, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Reliable and timely information on the leading causes of death in populations, and how these are changing, is a crucial input into health policy debates. In the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), we aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex. METHODS: We attempted to identify all available data on causes of death for 187 countries from 1980 to 2010 from vital registration, verbal autopsy, mortality surveillance, censuses, surveys, hospitals, police records, and mortuaries. We assessed data quality for completeness, diagnostic accuracy, missing data, stochastic variations, and probable causes of death. We applied six different modelling strategies to estimate cause-specific mortality trends depending on the strength of the data. For 133 causes and three special aggregates we used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach, which uses four families of statistical models testing a large set of different models using different permutations of covariates. Model ensembles were developed from these component models. We assessed model performance with rigorous out-of-sample testing of prediction error and the validity of 95% UIs. For 13 causes with low observed numbers of deaths, we developed negative binomial models with plausible covariates. For 27 causes for which death is rare, we modelled the higher level cause in the cause hierarchy of the GBD 2010 and then allocated deaths across component causes proportionately, estimated from all available data in the database. For selected causes (African trypanosomiasis, congenital syphilis, whooping cough, measles, typhoid and parathyroid, leishmaniasis, acute hepatitis E, and HIV/AIDS), we used natural history models based on information on incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality. We separately estimated cause fractions by aetiology for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and meningitis, as well as disaggregations by subcause for chronic kidney disease, maternal disorders, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. For deaths due to collective violence and natural disasters, we used mortality shock regressions. For every cause, we estimated 95% UIs that captured both parameter estimation uncertainty and uncertainty due to model specification where CODEm was used. We constrained cause-specific fractions within every age-sex group to sum to total mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. FINDINGS: In 2010, there were 52*8 million deaths globally. At the most aggregate level, communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes were 24*9% of deaths worldwide in 2010, down from 15*9 million (34*1%) of 46*5 million in 1990. This decrease was largely due to decreases in mortality from diarrhoeal disease (from 2*5 to 1*4 million), lower respiratory infections (from 3*4 to 2*8 million), neonatal disorders (from 3*1 to 2*2 million), measles (from 0*63 to 0*13 million), and tetanus (from 0*27 to 0*06 million). Deaths from HIV/AIDS increased from 0*30 million in 1990 to 1*5 million in 2010, reaching a peak of 1*7 million in 2006. Malaria mortality also rose by an estimated 19*9% since 1990 to 1*17 million deaths in 2010. Tuberculosis killed 1*2 million people in 2010. Deaths from non-communicable diseases rose by just under 8 million between 1990 and 2010, accounting for two of every three deaths (34*5 million) worldwide by 2010. 8 million people died from cancer in 2010, 38% more than two decades ago; of these, 1*5 million (19%) were from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke collectively killed 12*9 million people in 2010, or one in four deaths worldwide, compared with one in five in 1990; 1*3 million deaths were due to diabetes, twice as many as in 1990. The fraction of global deaths due to injuries (5*1 million deaths) was marginally higher in 2010 (9*6%) compared with two decades earlier (8*8%). This was driven by a 46% rise in deaths worldwide due to road traffic accidents (1*3 million in 2010) and a rise in deaths from falls. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lower respiratory infections, lung cancer, and HIV/AIDS were the leading causes of death in 2010. Ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, stroke, diarrhoeal disease, malaria, and HIV/AIDS were the leading causes of years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) in 2010, similar to what was estimated for 1990, except for HIV/AIDS and preterm birth complications. YLLs from lower respiratory infections and diarrhoea decreased by 45-54% since 1990; ischaemic heart disease and stroke YLLs increased by 17-28%. Regional variations in leading causes of death were substantial. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes still accounted for 76% of premature mortality in sub-Saharan Africa in 2010. Age standardised death rates from some key disorders rose (HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease in particular), but for most diseases, death rates fell in the past two decades; including major vascular diseases, COPD, most forms of cancer, liver cirrhosis, and maternal disorders. For other conditions, notably malaria, prostate cancer, and injuries, little change was noted. INTERPRETATION: Population growth, increased average age of the world's population, and largely decreasing age-specific, sex-specific, and cause-specific death rates combine to drive a broad shift from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes towards non-communicable diseases. Nevertheless, communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes remain the dominant causes of YLLs in sub-Saharan Africa. Overlaid on this general pattern of the epidemiological transition, marked regional variation exists in many causes, such as interpersonal violence, suicide, liver cancer, diabetes, cirrhosis, Chagas disease, African trypanosomiasis, melanoma, and others. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of sound epidemiological assessments of the causes of death on a regular basis. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2012

3. Primary prevention of venous thromboembolism in elderly medical patients

Author: Dominique Mottier, Karine Lacut, Grégoire Le Gal, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: Disease, Review, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, MESH: Venous Thromboembolism, medical settings, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Global health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence (epidemiology), General Medicine, 3. Good health, Primary Prevention, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, prophylaxis, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Survival Rate, venous thromboembolism, MEDLINE, MESH: Abscess, MESH: Anticoagulants, elderly patients, MESH: Splenic Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Intensive care medicine, Survival rate, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, RC952-954.6, Anticoagulants, equipment and supplies, Clinical trial, MESH: Morbidity, MESH: Primary Prevention, Geriatrics, Physical therapy, Life expectancy, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morbidity, business, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Karine Lacut, Grégoire Le Gal, Dominique MottierGETBO EA 3878, CHU de Brest, Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest, FranceAbstract: Primary prophylaxis with the use of an effective and safe intervention appears the best approach of venous thromboembolism (VTE) management in medical elderly patients, the most affected by VTE. With increasing life expectancy, prevention of VTE, particularly in elderly patients, will arise as a major public health problem. Few well designed clinical trials evaluating thromboprophylaxis in medical settings were conducted in the specific population of geriatric patients. However, among the several pharmacological treatments evaluated, low molecular weight heparins enoxaparin 40 mg daily or dalteparin 5000 IU daily appeared effective and safe in the prevention of VTE in elderly patients. Despite available data, and recommendations for VTE prevention in medical patients, thromboprophylaxis is underused or misused in practice. Heterogeneity of clinical studies, selected populations, concern about bleeding, and lack of a clear clinical benefit are some of the reasons that could explain the gap between theory and practice. In this review, after a brief report of epidemiologic data and specificities of VTE in elderly patients, the authors discuss the available results of VTE primary prevention trials for elderly medical patients, the limitations of these data, and the challenges to improve the practice and to reduce the incidence of this frequent but preventable disease.Keywords: venous thromboembolism, prophylaxis, elderly patients, medical settings, review
Published: 2008

4. Clostridium difficile infections: do we know the real dimensions of the problem?

Author: Christian Michelet, Matthieu Revest, Sylvie Buffet-Bataillon, Pierre Tattevin, Pierre-Yves Donnio, Fonction structure et inactivation d'ARN bactérien, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Fonction, structure et inactivation d'ARN bactériens, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Unité de contrôle infectieux, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Microbiologie, Unité de maladies infectieuses, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Coval, Nathalie
Subjects: genetic structures, polymerase chain reaction, Toxin B, Disease, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, Cross Infection, 0303 health sciences, Incidence, Diagnostic test, General Medicine, Clostridium difficile, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Clostridium difficile infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, MESH: Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Community-Acquired Infections, Homogeneous, Diagnostic tests, Diarrhea, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Clostridium Infections, Enzyme immunoassay, 03 medical and health sciences, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Antibiotic therapy, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, medicine, Humans, Antibiotic use, Intensive care medicine, MESH: Clostridium difficile, MESH: Humans, Clostridioides difficile, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Cross Infection, Surgery, Clostridium Infections, business, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the primary cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in industrialised countries, usually occurring as a complication of antibiotic therapy in elderly patients. Landmark events contributed to boosting interest in CDI over the last 10 years, including the emergence of unusually severe and recurrent CDI due to the NAP1/BI/027 strain, as well as reports suggesting that CDI is also significantly encountered in patients previously considered at no risk, such as community-acquired CDI in patients with no recent antibiotic use, or CDI during pregnancy. Despite this growing interest from the medical community, we do not know the real dimensions of the disease for the following reasons: (i) despite comprehensive guidelines published in Europe and in the USA, most laboratories still use diagnostic tests with suboptimal sensitivity as a 'rule-out' test, hence a significant proportion of CDIs remain undiagnosed; (ii) use of PCR as a stand-alone test by others will probably overestimate the real incidence of CDI and jeopardise any comparison between institutions with different diagnostic procedures; and (iii) transversal studies, with optimum design and diagnostic tests, are rapidly outdated due to the dramatic changes in CDI epidemiology that may occur from one year to another. To get an accurate picture of the real dimensions of the CDI issue, we need more systematic use of an adequate and homogeneous diagnostic strategy in the field as well as the implementation of continuous monitoring of CDI incidence through surveillance programmes.
Published: 2013

5. A new air quality perception scale for global assessment of air pollution health effects

Author: Deguen, Séverine, Ségala, Claire, Pédrono, Gaëlle, Mesbah, Mounir, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), SEPIA-Santé, Laboratoire de Statistique Théorique et Appliquée (LSTA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), the inter-organism research program to improve air quality (PRIMEQUAL): Grant no.0410C0111., Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Air Pollutants, MESH: Humans, genetic structures, MESH: Air Pollutants, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Air pollution, Environmental Exposure, Global Health, MESH: Risk Assessment, Risk Assessment, MESH: France, annoyances, risk perception, Humans, France, psychometric methods, sensorial perception, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; Despite improvements in air quality in developed countries, air pollution remains a major public health issue. To fully assess the health impact, we must consider that air pollution exposure has both physical and psychological effects; this latter dimension, less documented, is more difficult to measure and subjective indicators constitute an appropriate alternative. In this context, this work presents the methodological development of a new scale to measure the perception of air quality, useful as an exposure or risk appraisal metric in public health contexts. On the basis of the responses from 2,522 subjects in eight French cities, psychometric methods are used to construct the scale from 22 items that assess risk perception (anxiety about health and quality of life) and the extent to which air pollution is a nuisance (sensorial perception and symptoms). The scale is robust, reproducible, and discriminates between subpopulations more susceptible to poor air pollution perception. The individual risk factors of poor air pollution perception are coherent with those findings in the risk perception literature. Perception of air pollution by the general public is a key issue in the development of comprehensive risk assessment studies as well as in air pollution risk management and policy. This study offers a useful new tool to measure such efforts and to help set priorities for air quality improvements in combination with air quality measurements.
Published: 2012

6. Epilepsy-associated stigma in Bolivia: a community-based study among the Guarani population: an International League Against Epilepsy/International Bureau for Epilepsy/World Health Organization Global Campaign Against Epilepsy Regional Project

Author: Elisa, Bruno, Alessandro, Bartoloni, Vito, Sofia, Florentina, Rafael, Donata, Magnelli, Sandra, Padilla, Graziella, Quattrocchi, Filippo, Bartalesi, Higinio, Segundo, Mario, Zappia, Pierre-Marie, Preux, Alessandra, Nicoletti, Department of Neurosciences, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Bolivia, Social Stigma, Global Health, MESH: International Agencies, Young Adult, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, MESH: Residence Characteristics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Epilepsy, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Questionnaires, International Agencies, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Male, MESH: Bolivia, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Epilepsy, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Social Stigma, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; Epilepsy is associated with a significant burden of social stigma that appears to be influenced by psychosocial and cultural factors. Stigma has a negative effect on the management of people with epilepsy (PWE), representing one of the major factors that contribute to the burden of epilepsy. To assess stigma perception among the Guarani population, one hundred thirty-two people living in Guaraní communities in Bolivia were invited to complete the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy questionnaire. The main determinants of stigma identified were: the fear linked to loss of control, the feelings of sadness and pity toward PWE, the difficulties faced by PWE in the professional and relationship fields, the level of education and type of seizure. Our study pointed out that, in this population, PWE face difficulties in everyday life because of epilepsy-associated stigma and the results attest to the importance of promoting community-based educational programs aimed at reducing the stigmatization process.
Published: 2012

7. Infective endocarditis prophylaxis: moving from dental prophylaxis to global prevention?

Author: Catherine Chirouze, Bruno Hoen, Xavier Duval, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Endocarditis, Heart disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Streptococcal Infections, MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, MESH: Streptococcal Infections, MESH: Dental Prophylaxis, Streptococcal Infections, Epidemiology, MESH: Antibiotic Prophylaxis, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Intensive care medicine, MESH : Antibiotic Prophylaxis, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, MESH: Humans, Endocarditis, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Dental Prophylaxis, MESH : Humans, MESH : Dental Prophylaxis, General Medicine, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, MESH : Endocarditis, 3. Good health, MESH : World Health, Infectious Diseases, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Infective endocarditis, MESH : Staphylococcal Infections, business, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease which mainly affects elderly patients. Staphylococcus aureus is the main microorganism and IE, which used to be associated with a previously known heart disease, is now associated with healthcare procedures. For a long time, it was thought necessary to prevent IE with antibiotics before starting many invasive procedures. But in the last few years, there has been a change, with a drastic limitation on the situations in which antibiotic prophylaxis is required. Epidemiological studies emphasize changes in the profile of IE, which is moving from a streptococcal disease in patients with previously known heart disease to a staphylococcal healthcare-associated disease in elderly patients suffering from many comorbidities or having intracardiac devices. These changes should lead us to question the validity of our current management of antibiotic prophylaxis. There are already recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of implantable cardiovascular electronic device implantation, but apart from this particular situation, should we not extend prophylaxis to more comprehensive prevention in patients who have comorbidities? To find an answer, we need to acquire more data on the pathophysiology of IE while continuing epidemiological surveillance of the disease.
Published: 2012

8. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission

Author: Blümcke, Ingmar, Thom, Maria, Aronica, Eleonora, Armstrong, Dawna, Vinters, Harry, Palmini, Andre, Jacques, Thomas, Avanzini, Giuliano, Barkovich, James, Battaglia, Giorgio, Becker, Albert, Cepeda, Carlos, Cendes, Fernando, Colombo, Nadia, Peter, Crino, Cross, Helen, Delalande, Olivier, Dubeau, François, Duncan, John, Guerrini, Renzo, Kahane, Philippe, Mathern, Gary, Najm, Imad, Ozkara, Ciğdem, Raybaud, Charles, Represa, Alfonso, Roper, Steven, Salamon, Noriko, Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas, Tassi, Laura, Vezzani, Annamaria, Spreafico, Roberto, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen = Uniklinikum Erlangen, University College of London [London] (UCL)-Institute of Neurology, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Texas Children's Hospital [Houston, USA], Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology, UCLA Medical Center-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Servico de Neurologia, Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul-Hospital Sao Lucas da Pontifica, UCL-Institute of Child Health (ICH), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, Department of Epilepsy Clinic and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Department of Neuroradiology, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, University of Bonn Medical Center, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), UCLA Medical Center-Semel Institute, Department of Neurology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Ospedale Niguardia, PENN Epilepsy Center, University of Pennsylvania, The Prince of Wales's Chair of Childhood Epilepsy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-UCL-Institute of Child Health-National Centre for Young People with Epilepsy, Service de Neurochirurgie Pediatrique, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rotschild, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)-Children's Hospital A. Meyer, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Departments of Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty-Istanbul University, Division of Neuroradiology, Hospital for Sick Children-Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U1249), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Departement of Radiology, Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Centre « Claudio-Munari » pour la chirurgie de l'épilepsie et du Parkinson, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research - Milan, Janssen- Cilag, UCB, GSK, NIH R01 NS38992, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Neurology, Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, University of California-University of California-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)-Children's Hospital A. Meyer, Istanbul University -Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Cerebral Cortex, clinicopathologic spectrum, MESH: Humans, Advisory Committees, MESH: Societies, Medical, Global Health, Article, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Malformations of Cortical Development, MESH: Malformations of Cortical Development, epilepsy, Humans, MESH: Advisory Committees, cortical dysplasia, Societies, Medical, MESH: World Health
Abstract: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are localized regions of malformed cerebral cortex and are very frequently associated with epilepsy in both children and adults. A broad spectrum of histopathology has been included in the diagnosis of FCD. Characteristic findings include aberrant radial or tangential lamination of the neocortex (FCD Type I) and cytological abnormalities (FCD Type II). An ILAE task force has re-evaluated available data and proposes a clinico-pathologic classification system of FCDs. The major change since a prior classification represents the introduction of FCD Type III, which occurs in combination with Hippocampal Sclerosis (FCD Type IIIa), or with epilepsy-associated tumors (FCD Type IIIb). FCD Type IIIc is found adjacent to vascular malformations, whereas FCD Type IIId can be diagnosed in association with epileptogenic lesions acquired in early life (i.e., traumatic injury, ischemic injury or encephalitis). Hence, FCD Type I will now refer to isolated lesions, which present either as radial (FCD Type Ia) or tangential (FCD Type Ib) dyslamination of the neocortex, microscopically identified in one or multiple lobes. FCD Type II is an isolated lesion characterized by cortical dyslamination and dysmorphic neurons without (Type IIa) or with balloon cells (Type IIb). Architectural abnormalities adjacent to or within gross malformations of cortical development are frequently observed and not distinguished as a specific FCD variant. This three-tiered classification system will help to better characterize specific clinico-pathological entities and is an important basis to further explore imaging, electro-clinical features, and postsurgical seizure control as well as underlying molecular pathomechanisms.
Published: 2011

9. Do socioeconomic factors shape weight and obesity trajectories over the transition from midlife to old age? Results from the French GAZEL cohort study

Author: Séverine Sabia, Marcel Goldberg, Silvia Stringhini, Jussi Vahtera, Hermann Nabi, Marie Zins, Mika Kivimäki, Aline Dugravot, Archana Singh-Manoux, Alice Guéguen, Hugo Westerlund, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital (TYKS)-University of Turku-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Sainte Perine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This work was supported by a 'EURYI' award to ASM from the European Science Foundation, the National Institute on Aging (National Institutes of Health, R01AG013196, R01AG034454)., European Project: 38533,EURYI, Kaniewski, Nadine, Conférence : European Business Summit 2004 - Research and Innovation : A European Strategy for more growth and jobes - EURYI - 38533 - OLD, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Medicine (miscellaneous), Overweight, Global Health, Weight Gain, France/epidemiology, MESH: World Health Organization, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, MESH: Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Aged, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Middle Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, Middle Aged, MESH: Weight Gain, Educational Status, Female, France, medicine.symptom, MESH: Life Expectancy, Cohort study, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, medicine.medical_specialty, Obesity and Eating Disorders, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, World Health Organization, MESH: Body Mass Index, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Occupations, Socioeconomic status, Aged, MESH: Occupations, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Obesity/epidemiology, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Life expectancy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Educational Status, business, MESH: Female, Weight gain, Body mass index, MESH: World Health, Demography
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a contemporary epidemic that does not affect all age groups and sections of society equally. Objective: The objective was to examine socioeconomic differences in trajectories of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) and obesity between the ages of 45 and 65 y. Design: A total of 13,297 men and 4532 women from the French GAZEL (Gaz de France Electricité de France) cohort study reported their height in 1990 and their weight annually over the subsequent 18 y. Changes in BMI and obesity between ages 45 and 49 y, 50 and 54 y, 55 and 59 y, and 60 and 65 y as a function of education and occupational position (at age 35 y) were modeled by using linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations. Results: BMI and obesity rates increased between the ages of 45 and 65 y. In men, BMI was higher in unskilled workers than in managers at age 45 y; this difference in BMI increased from 0.82 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.99) at 45 y to 1.06 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.27) at 65 y. Men with a primary school education compared with those with a high school degree at age 45 y had a 0.75 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.00) higher BMI, and this difference increased to 1.32 (95% CI: 1.03,1.62) at age 65 y. Obesity rates were 3.35% and 7.68% at age 45 y and 9.52% and 18.10% at age 65 y in managers and unskilled workers, respectively; the difference in obesity increased by 4.25% (95% CI: 1.87, 6.52). A similar trend was observed in women. Conclusions: Weight continues to increase in the transition between midlife and old age; this increase is greater in lower socioeconomic groups.
Published: 2010

10. International institutions, global health initiatives and the challenge of sustainability: lessons from the Brazilian AIDS programme

Author: Kenneth Rochel de Camargo, G. Le Loup, Sonia Fleury, Bernard Larouzé, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fundacao Getulio Vargas [Rio de Janeiro] (FGV), Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade Estadual de Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Metodos Quantitativos [Rio de Janeiro] (DEMQS), Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca / Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health [Rio de Janeiro] (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS), (project 12105), SIDACTION, Institut de Médecine et d'Epidémiologie Appliquées (IMEA), World Health Organization (WHO)., Chauvin, Pierre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)
Subjects: political factors, Economic growth, medicine.medical_specialty, International Cooperation, Psychological intervention, MESH: Delivery of Health Care, Health Promotion, Global Health, MESH: International Agencies, 03 medical and health sciences, Politics, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Environmental protection, Global health, Humans, Medicine, program sustainability, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 030505 public health, International agencies, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, MESH: International Cooperation, Infectious Diseases, Health promotion, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Global Health Initiatives, Sustainability, HIV/AIDS, Parasitology, MESH: Health Promotion, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 0305 other medical science, business, MESH: Brazil, Delivery of Health Care, Brazil, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; The sustainability of successful public health programmes remains a challenge in low and middle income settings. These programmes are often subjected to mobilization-demobilization cycle. Indeed, political and organizational factors are of major importance to ensure this sustainability. The cooperation between the World Bank and the Brazilian AIDS programme highlights the role of international institutions and global health initiatives (GHI), not only to scale up programmes but also to guarantee their stability and sustainability, at a time when advocacy is diminishing and vertical programmes are integrated within health systems. This role is critical at the local level, particularly when economic crisis may hamper the future of public health programmes. Political and organizational evolution should be monitored and warnings should trigger interventions of GHI before the decline of these programmes.
Published: 2010

11. Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three

Author: Eduardo G. Perez-Yarza, Todor Popov, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Luis Garcia-Marcos, Alexander C. Ferguson, Jing-Long Huang, Lennart Nilsson, NEUSA WANDALSEN, Pascual Chiarella, Francesco Forastiere, Diana Deleanu, Neil Pearce, Hywel Williams, Emilija Vlaski, Gerald Haidinger, Kristina Lah Tomulic, Luke Clancy, Andreea Steriu, Philippa Ellwood, FRANCISCO Guillen-Grima, Piersante Sestini, Stefania La Grutta, Rahim Khaitov, Claudia Galassi, Gary Wong, Nuha El Sharif, Heather Zar, Roberto Garcia-Almaraz, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), JA Odhiambo, Williams HC, B Brunekreef, Crane J, P Ellwood, C Flohr, S Foliaki, García-L Marcos, U Keil, Lai CK, Mallol J, EA Mitchell, Clayton, Montefort S, N Pearce, Stewart AW, Strachan D, E von Mutius, SK Weiland, G Weinmayr, H Williams, Wong G, Priftanji A, FC Robertson, B Benhabyles, Baena-Cagnani CE, CD Crisci, GE Zabert, G Haidinger, ME Howitt, Weyler J, Pinto-Vargas R, CD Bernhardt, Borges GT, Asher MI, PA Camargos, MD Cardoso, Cunha AJ, GB Fischer, JM Motta, AP Neto, Passos FJ, AC Pastorino, N Rosário, Silva A, Phase Trois Groupe d'étude ISAAC . Collaborateurs (264) Khaled Aït-N, D Solé, Wandalsen N, M de Britto, LDE Souza F, T Popov, C Kuaban, Ferguson A, Rennie D, R Goulding, Standring P, RH Anderson, P Aguilar, L Amarales, Benavides LA, MA Calvo, Contreras A, Chen YZ, Kunii O, QL Pan, MI Asher, R Beasley, and B Bjorksten
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Cross-sectional study, Clinical assessment, Prevalence, Eczema, ISAAC, Global Health, Skin manifestation, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, Immunology and Allergy, Child, Evaluation, Children, Priority journal, Global, Atopic dermatitis, 3. Good health, Health care planning, Sex, Female, Ecuador, Public health service, Sex ratio, Age distribution, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Asia, Adolescent, Immunology, Major clinical study, Colombia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Rash, medicine, Humans, MESH: Prevalence, Asthma, MESH: Adolescent, Sleep disorder, MESH: Humans, Epidemiological data, business.industry, Questionnaire, Public health, MESH: Questionnaires, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030228 respiratory system, El Niño, MESH: Eczema, Preschool child, Africa, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, School child, Geographic distribution, business, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health, Demography
Abstract: El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. Background: In 1999, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One reported the prevalence of eczema symptoms in 715,033 children from 154 centers in 56 countries by using standardized epidemiologic tools. Objective: To update the world map of eczema prevalence after 5 to 10 years (ISAAC Phase Three) and include additional data from over 100 new centers. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys using the ISAAC questionnaire on eczema symptoms were completed by adolescents 13 to 14 years old and by parents of children 6 to 7 years old. Current eczema was defined as an itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months and was considered severe eczema if associated with 1 or more nights per week of sleep disturbance. Results: For the age group 6 to 7 years, data on 385,853 participants from 143 centers in 60 countries showed that the prevalence of current eczema ranged from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador, with new data showing high values in Asia and Latin America. For the age group 13 to 14 years, data on 663,256 participants from 230 centers in 96 countries showed prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Columbia with the highest values in Africa and Latin America. Current eczema was lower for boys than girls (odds ratio, 0.94 and 0.72 at ages 6 to 7 years and 13 to 14 years, respectively). Conclusion:ISAAC Phase Three provides comprehensive global data on the prevalence of eczema symptoms that is essential for public health planning. New data reveal that eczema is a disease of developing as well as developed countries. Revisión por pares
Published: 2009

12. Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility phenotype in bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an international cohort of patients with infective endocarditis: prevalence, genotype, and clinical significance

Author: Francesc Marco, G. Ralph Corey, Marta Rodríguez-Créixems, Souha S. Kanj, José M. Miró, Patrick Plésiat, In-Gyu Bae, Lawrence P. Park, Cristina Garcia de la Maria, Karly L. Newton, Vance G. Fowler, Pierre Tattevin, Tony M. Korman, Michael J. Rybak, Jerome J. Federspiel, Suzanne F. Bradley, Lisa L. Steed, Porl Reinbott, Suzana Bukovski, Thomas H. Rude, Marie Francoise Tripodi, David R. Murdoch, Christopher W. Woods, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Bae, Ig, Federspiel, Jj, Miró, Jm, Woods, Cw, Park, L, Rybak, Mj, Rude, Th, Bradley, S, Bukovski, S, de la Maria, Cg, Kanj, S, Korman, Tm, Marco, F, Murdoch, Dr, Plesiat, P, Rodriguez Creixems, M, Reinbott, P, Steed, L, Tattevin, P, Tripodi, Mf, Newton, Kl, Corey, Gr, Fowler VG, Jr, among International Collaboration on Endocarditis Microbiology, Investigator, and Utili, Riccardo
Subjects: Male, Bacteremia, Global Health, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Bacteremia, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Antibacterial agent, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Population Surveillance, Infective endocarditis, MESH: Vancomycin Resistance, Vancomycin, Female, medicine.drug, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Genotype, MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Biology, Staphylococcal infections, MESH: Phenotype, Article, Microbiology, MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Endocarditis, MESH: Endocarditis, Bacterial, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Vancomycin Resistance, Endocarditis, Bacterial, MESH: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: The significance of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is unknown. Using a multinational collection of isolates from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infective endocarditis (IE), we characterized patients with IE with and without hVISA, and we genotyped the infecting strains. METHODS: MRSA bloodstream isolates from 65 patients with definite IE from 8 countries underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 31 virulence genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. hVISA was defined using population analysis profiling. RESULTS: Nineteen (29.2%) of 65 MRSA IE isolates exhibited the hVISA phenotype by population analysis profiling. Isolates from Oceania and Europe were more likely to exhibit the hVISA phenotype than isolates from the United States (77.8% and 35.0% vs 13.9%; P < .001). The prevalence of hVISA was higher among isolates with a vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 mg/L (P = .026). hVISA-infected patients were more likely to have persistent bacteremia (68.4% vs 37.0%; P = .029) and heart failure (47.4% vs 19.6%; P = .033). Mortality did not differ between hVISA- and non-hVISA-infected patients (42.1% vs 34.8%, P = .586). hVISA and non-hVISA isolates were genotypically similar. CONCLUSIONS: In these analyses, the hVISA phenotype occurred in more than one-quarter of MRSA IE isolates, was associated with certain IE complications, and varied in frequency by geographic region.
Published: 2009

13. The level of knowledge of risk factors for peripheral arterial disease also depends on subjects' individual clinical situations

Author: Aboyans, Victor, Lacroix, Philippe, Laskar, Marc, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Equipe de Recherche Médicale Appliquée (ERMA), and Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges
Subjects: Male, Canada, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH: Patient Education as Topic, MESH: Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, Humans, MESH: Incidence, Letter to the Editor, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, MESH: Humans, MESH: Questionnaires, Smoking, MESH: Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Intermittent Claudication, Middle Aged, Atherosclerosis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: World Health
Abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is associated with a high risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. PAD also fosters major morbidity by causing claudication, functional impairment, disability and amputation. PAD is largely unrecognized and under-treated compared with other cardiovascular diseases. The public health impact of PAD, as a contributor to Canadian national rates of heart attack, stroke, amputation, death and disability, will be challenging to address if the public is unaware of this common cardiovascular disease.To assess public knowledge of PAD in Canada.A cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey of 501 adults 50 years of age and older (mean age 64.4 years) was conducted using random digit dialing. The survey assessed demographics and risk factors of the study population and knowledge of PAD causes and consequences.Survey respondents reported a high prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors including high blood pressure (43%), high blood cholesterol (37%), diabetes (12%) and smoking history (18% current and 49% former smokers). Only 36% of respondents reported familiarity with PAD, which was significantly lower than other cardiovascular diseases or risk factors. Knowledge of perceived consequences of PAD was low and knowledge gaps were more pronounced in older, less educated and lower income respondents.The Canadian public is largely unaware of PAD as a prevalent systemic manifestation of atherosclerosis and its associated morbidity and mortality. National PAD awareness programs should be instituted to increase PAD knowledge to levels comparable with other cardiovascular diseases and risk factors.
Published: 2009

14. Potential for a global dynamic of Influenza A (H1N1)

Author: Elisabeta Vergu, Antoine Flahault, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de recherche Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: pandemic influenza, Virus transmission, spread, Swine origin, medicine.disease_cause, Global Health, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*pathogenicity, 0302 clinical medicine, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, contamination, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Pandemic, Global health, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/prevention & control, Pandemic preparedness, MESH: Influenza, Human, se propager, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Preparedness, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control, virus, Models, Biological, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, modèle mathématique, MESH: Computer Simulation, Development economics, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage, pandémie de grippe, Computer Simulation, porcin, lcsh:RC109-216, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Models, Biological, Influenza a, Virology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: World Health
Abstract: Background Geographical and temporal diffusion patterns of a human pandemic due to Swine Origin Influenza Virus (S-OIV) remain uncertain. The extent to which national and international pandemic preparedness plans and control strategies can slow or stop the process is not known. However, despite preparedness efforts, it appears that, particularly in the USA, Mexico, Canada and the UK, local chains of virus transmission can sustain autonomous dynamics which may lead to the next pandemic. Forecasts of influenza experts usually rely on information related to new circulating strains. Methods We attempted to quantify the possible spread of the pandemic across a network of 52 major cities and to predict the effect of vaccination against the pandemic strain, if available. Predictions are based on simulations from a stochastic SEIR model. Parameters used in the simulations are set to values consistent with recent estimations from the outbreak in Mexico. Results We show that a two-wave pandemic dynamic may be observed in Southern hemisphere because of seasonal constraints for a maximum value of the basic reproductive number (R0, max) within a city equal to 1.5 and a mean generation interval (GI) of 2 days. In this case and in the absence of vaccination, attack rates may reach 46% when considering a completely susceptible population. More severe scenarios characterized by higher values of R0, max (2.2) and GI (3.1) yield an attack rate of 77%. By extrapolation, we find that mass vaccination in all countries (i.e. up to 50% of the population) implemented 6 months after the start of the pandemic may reduce the cumulative number of cases by 91% in the case of the low transmissible strain (R0, max = 1.5). This relative reduction is only 44% for R0, max = 2.2 since most of the cases occur in the first 6 months and so before the vaccination campaign. Conclusion Although uncertainties remain about the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the new influenza strain, this study provides the first analysis of the potential spread of the pandemic and first assessment of the impact of different immunization strategies.
Published: 2009

15. [Closing the gap in a generation: the WHO report on social determinants of health]

Author: Leclerc, Annette, Kaminski, Monique, Lang, Thierry, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Recherches épidémiologiques en santé périnatale et santé des femmes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Faculté de médecine Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier - Faculté de médecine Purpan (UTPS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: MESH: Humans, Health Status Disparities, Global Health, World Health Organization, MESH: World Health Organization, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Health Status Disparities, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Surveillance, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Healthcare Disparities, MESH: Healthcare Disparities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2009

16. 148th ENMC international workshop on the scientific contributions of the EURALS consortium on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author: Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Zoccolella, S, Chio', Adriano, Couratier, P, Esteban, J, Hardiman, O, Logroscino, G, Millul, A, Mitchell, D, Preux, Pm, Stevic, Z, Swingler, R, Traynor, Bj, van den Berg LH, Veldink, Jh, Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Dept. Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service de Neurologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
Subjects: epidemiological registries, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Clinical Trials as Topic, MESH: Registries, MESH: Societies, Medical, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, MESH: Risk Factors, Medicine, MESH: Animals, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, business.industry, medicine.disease, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: International Cooperation, Neurology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, MESH: Netherlands, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2009

17. Cancer de la prostate en Guadeloupe: incidence, mortalité, caractéristiques cliniques et anatomopathologiques [Prostate cancer in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) : incidence, mortality and clinicopathological features]

Author: Brureau, L., Multigner, Luc, Wallois, A., Verhoest, Grégory, Ndong, Jean-Rodrigue, Fofana, Mohamed, Blanchet, Pascal, Service d'urologie, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Service d'urologie [Rennes] = Urology [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: France/epidemiology, MESH: Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology, cancer de la prostate, Antilles, MESH: Male, MESH: Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology, MESH: Martinique/epidemiology, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, incidence, MESH: Incidence, Guadeloupe, mortalité, MESH: Age Distribution, MESH: World Health, MESH: Guadeloupe/epidemiology
Abstract: International audience; In mainland France, as in most Western countries, prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men. However, the incidence of this cancer is highly variable, depending on the region of the world. This variability is largely accounted for by differences in access to care, but also by environmental conditions and the ethnogeographic origins of the populations. The French West Indies--the archipelago of Guadeloupe and the island of Martinique--are unique in terms of their geography, environment and the lifestyle and origins of their populations. We report the incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer in the French West Indies and also provide the first description of the major clinical and anatomical characteristics of this disease in this region.
Published: 2009

18. Preventing diet induced disease: bioavailable nutrient-rich, low-energy-dense diets

Author: Anthony Robson, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Dietary Fiber, MESH: Inflammation, MESH: Dietary Carbohydrates, obesity, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, MESH: Brain Diseases, MESH: Dietary Proteins, Medicine (miscellaneous), mental, Disease, MESH: Energy Intake, Sodium Chloride, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, MESH: Potassium, Dietary, Global health, salt, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Micronutrients, media_common, MESH: Biological Availability, Acid-Base Equilibrium, 2. Zero hunger, Brain Diseases, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, nanotechnology, diabetes, cardiovascular, ill, Longevity, health, General Medicine, Micronutrient, 3. Good health, DHA, nutrition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Proteins, pregnancy, Nutritive Value, energy, MESH: Sodium Chloride, media_common.quotation_subject, brain, Biological Availability, Health Promotion, heart, Nutrient density, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Diet, Diabetes mellitus, Environmental health, Dietary Carbohydrates, medicine, Humans, cancer, MESH: Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, MESH: Nutritive Value, MESH: Micronutrients, Inflammation, disease, MESH: Humans, business.industry, food, Potassium, Dietary, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases, EPA, medicine.disease, Obesity, Biotechnology, MESH: Acid-Base Equilibrium, 13. Climate action, MESH: Dietary Fiber, MESH: Health Promotion, Energy Intake, business, diet, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH: World Health
Abstract: What the World needs is an integrated and sustainable food policy that makes the best and most appropriate use of the technologies at our disposal to promote health and help prevent disease. Diet induced diseases account for the largest burden of chronic illnesses and health problems Worldwide. Historically a lack of knowledge about human nutritional requirements (including for the brain) helped promote diet induced disease. The scientific knowledge currently exists to help prevent many of the current deficiencies and imbalances in human diet. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and mental ill health starts, crucially, with maternal nutrition before the inception of pregnancy and continues throughout life of the new born and includes consuming more DHA and EPA omega-3 fats (and their cofactors) and other bioavailable brain nutrients and less high-energy-dense (>2 kcal g−l) foods (e.g. land-based cereal, chocolate, alcohol and refined sugar, fat and oil), so tissues synthesize less inflammatory mediators and to lower transient short-lived meal-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, proliferation and impaired nitric oxide (e.g. ∼0.35–3.5 g DHA/EPA day−ldependant on energy intake and noting the importance of cofactors). Micro- and nanotechnologies are already engineering nano foods for human (and livestock) consumption that may eventually (without excessive consumption) prevent the current diet induced disease epidemic, especially in future generations, by preventing the causal mechanisms of disease. Greater knowledge about the causal mechanisms of disease awaits to be discovered, which could further enhance the human desire to increase longevity in optimum health (creating more problems and challenges for society).
Published: 2009

19. An assessment of interactions between global health initiatives and country health systems

Author: Mark Dybul, Jean-Paul Moatti, Tim Evans, Rifat Atun, Justine Hsu, Ruairi Brugha, Badara Samb, Carissa F. Etienne, Asia Russell, Jim Yong Kim, Francesca Celletti, Anna Wright, Sania Nishtar, Chauvin, Pierre, World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), O'Neill Institute, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Imperial College London, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Heartfile, Harvard School of Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons, Health GAP, World Health Organization Maximizing Positive Synergies, Georgetown University, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Budgets, Economic growth, MESH: Delivery of Health Care, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, 0302 clinical medicine, Global health, Medicine, MESH: Health Planning, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health Workforce, MESH: Quality of Health Care, MESH: Healthcare Disparities, MESH: Developing Countries, MESH: Health Services Accessibility, MESH: Program Evaluation, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Environmental resource management, Financing, Organized, 1. No poverty, MESH: Equipment and Supplies, General Medicine, Millennium Development Goals, 3. Good health, MESH: Health Priorities, Equipment and Supplies, MESH: Health Manpower, MESH: Information Systems, MESH: Health Policy, 0305 other medical science, Goals, Information Systems, MESH: Health Services Needs and Demand, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Health Expenditures, Health Personnel, Developing country, MESH: International Agencies, MESH: Financing, Organized, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Healthcare Disparities, Developing Countries, Health policy, Quality of Health Care, Health Services Needs and Demand, Equity (economics), MESH: Humans, MESH: Budgets, business.industry, Health Priorities, Public health, International health, International Agencies, Health Planning, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Goals, Global Health Initiatives, MESH: Health Personnel, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Expenditures, business, Delivery of Health Care, MESH: World Health, Program Evaluation
Abstract: International audience; Since 2000, the emergence of several large disease-specific global health initiatives (GHIs) has changed the way in which international donors provide assistance for public health. Some critics have claimed that these initiatives burden health systems that are already fragile in countries with few resources, whereas others have asserted that weak health systems prevent progress in meeting disease-specific targets. So far, most of the evidence for this debate has been provided by speculation and anecdotes. We use a review and analysis of existing data, and 15 new studies that were submitted to WHO for the purpose of writing this Report to describe the complex nature of the interplay between country health systems and GHIs. We suggest that this Report provides the most detailed compilation of published and emerging evidence so far, and provides a basis for identification of the ways in which GHIs and health systems can interact to mutually reinforce their effects. On the basis of the findings, we make some general recommendations and identify a series of action points for international partners, governments, and other stakeholders that will help ensure that investments in GHIs and country health systems can fulfil their potential to produce comprehensive and lasting results in disease-specific work, and advance the general public health agenda. The target date for achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals is drawing close, and the economic downturn threatens to undermine the improvements in health outcomes that have been achieved in the past few years. If adjustments to the interactions between GHIs and country health systems will improve efficiency, equity, value for money, and outcomes in global public health, then these opportunities should not be missed.
Published: 2009

20. Stroke in rural areas and small communities

Author: Lynette Joubert, Elizabeth Medeiros de Bustos, Pierre-Marie Preux, Thierry Moulin, Dallas Ware, L Prentice, Allan J. McLean, Jacques Joubert, Siaw-Teng Liaw, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), CHU Limoges, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, Emergency Medical Services, National Health Programs, Population, MESH: Rural Health Services, Developing country, Global Health, MESH: Stroke, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Rural Population, Health care, Emergency medical services, Global health, medicine, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Environmental planning, Developing Countries, MESH: Developing Countries, MESH: National Health Programs, MESH: Developed Countries, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, education.field_of_study, MESH: Thrombolytic Therapy, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Developed Countries, Human development (humanity), 3. Good health, Surgery, Stroke, Rural management, MESH: Emergency Medical Services, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), Rural Health Services, Rural area, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; The management of stroke in rural and regional areas is variable in both the developed and developing world. Informed by best-practice guidelines and recommendations for systems of stroke care, adaptable models of care that are appropriate for local needs should be devised for rural and regional settings. This review addresses the issue of the provision of appropriate services in rural and regional settings, with particular attention to the barriers involved, according to the classification of Low Human Development Country (LHDC), Medium Human Development Country (MHDC) and High Human Development Country (HHDC). We discuss the need and feasibility of developing implementing stroke care in rural settings according to best-practice recommendations, within models of care adapted to local conditions.
Published: 2008

21. Cannabis: the next villain on the lung cancer battlefield?

Author: M Colonna, C Brambilla, INSERM U823, équipe 2 (Bases Moléculaires de la Progression des Cancers du Poumon), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Registre des Cancers de l'Isère, CHU Grenoble, and Vesin, Aurélien
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Risk Assessment, Tobacco industry, Tobacco smoke, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Battlefield, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, Lung cancer, Carcinogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Humans, biology, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Marijuana Smoking, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, MESH: Lung Neoplasms, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cannabis, business, Risk assessment, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health, Demography
Abstract: Lung cancer epidemics arose and spread in western countries when the tobacco industry created the manufactured cigarette and realised that nicotine addiction was the most adaptable way to increase and secure long-term sales 1. In spite of well-known toxicity of tobacco smoke 2 and the proven relationship of tobacco smoking with lung cancer incidence 3, the tobacco industry took advantage of the lack of response by western governments, concerning the alarms raised by physicians and citizen associations, and set up a very powerful marketing process directed at smokers, adult males and nonsmokers, females and adolescents with devastating effects. In all western countries the percentage of smokers increased, and the age at which the first cigarette was smoked decreased. Since susceptibility of females to tobacco carcinogens is higher, lung cancer in females equalled or exceeded lung cancer in males in different countries 4, even in females with a lower, but regular, cigarette consumption. The age of lung cancer occurrence followed the age that people started smoking. In the 1950s, the average ages for the first cigarette smoked and for lung cancer onset were 20–30 yrs and ≥60 yrs, respectively, but at the turn of the 20th century these were
Published: 2008

22. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)

Author: Bousquet, J., Khaltaev, N., Cruz, A. A., Denburg, J., Fokkens, W. J., Togias, A., Zuberbier, T., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., van Weel, C., Agache, I., Aït-Khaled, N., Bachert, C., Blaiss, M. S., Bonini, S., Boulet, L.-P., Bousquet, P.-J., Camargos, P., Carlsen, K.-H., Chen, Y., Custovic, A., Dahl, R., Demoly, P., Douagui, H., Durham, S. R., van Wijk, R Gerth, Kalayci, O., Kaliner, M. A., Kim, Y.-Y., Kowalski, M. L., Kuna, P., Le, L. T. T., Lemiere, C., Li, J., Lockey, R. F., Mavale-Manuel, S., Meltzer, E. O., Mohammad, Y., Mullol, J., Naclerio, R., O'Hehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Ouedraogo, S., Palkonen, S., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Pawankar, R., Popov, T. A., Rabe, K. F., Rosado-Pinto, J., Scadding, G. K., Simons, F. E. R., Toskala, E., Valovirta, E., van Cauwenberge, P., Wang, D.-Y., Wickman, M., Yawn, B. P., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H., Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Bateman, E. D., Ben Kheder, A., Boakye, D. A., Bouchard, J., Burney, P., Busse, W. W., Chan-Yeung, M., Chavannes, N. H., Chuchalin, A., Dolen, W. K., Emuzyte, R., Grouse, L., Humbert, M., Jackson, C., Johnston, S. L., Keith, P. K., Kemp, J. P., Klossek, J.-M., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Lipworth, B., Malo, J.-L., Marshall, G. D., Naspitz, C., Nekam, K., Niggemann, B., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Okamoto, Y., Orru, M. P., Potter, P., Price, D., Stoloff, S. W., Vandenplas, O., Viegi, G., Williams, D., Renseigné, Non, Dermatology, Internal Medicine, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), inconnu, Inconnu, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH - Projektträger BEO, GmbH, Photochimie moléculaire et macromoléculaire (PMM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Dermatology, Medical School-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], P&A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'étude des textures et application aux matériaux (LETAM), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers, Merlin Circuit Technology LTD, Bousquet J, N Khaltaev, RG van Wijk, Kalayci O, je Agache, MA Kaliner, YY Kim, Kowalski ML, Denburg J, P Kuna, Le LT, C Lemiere, KH Carlsen, Li J, Lockey RF, Manuel-S Mavale, Khaled Aït N, EO Meltzer, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, R Naclerio, Fokkens WJ, RE O'Hehir, Chen Y, K Ohta, S Ouedraogo, S Palkonen, N Papadopoulos, C Bachert, G Passalacqua, Pawankar R, TA Popov, KF Rabe, Rosado Pinto-J, Cruz AA, Togias A, GK Scadding, FE Simons, E Toskala, E Valovirta, MS Blaiss, P Van Cauwenberge, Wang DY, M Wickman, BP Yawn, Custovic A, Yorgancioglu A, OM Yusuf, T Zuberbier, H Zar, Annesi-Maesano I, ED Bateman, S Bonini, Ben Kheder A, DA Boakye, Bouchard J, R Dahl, P Burney, WW Busse, M Chan-Yeung, Chavannes NH, Baena-Cagnani CE, Chuchalin A, WK Dolen, LP Boulet, R Emuzyte, L Grouse, Demoly P, M Humbert, C Jackson, SL Johnston, Keith PK, JP Kemp, JM Klo, GW Canonica, C Weel van, Bousquet PJ, P Camargos, H Douagui, SR Durham, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, MESH: Asthma, Adolescent, Global Health, World Health Organization, MESH: World Health Organization, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Effective Primary Care and Public Health [EBP 3], Prevalence, Humans, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Cardiovascular diseases [NCEBP 14], Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, MESH: Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Effective primary care and public health [NCEBP 7], Asthma, World Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: World Health
Abstract: Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an IgE-mediated inflammation of the membranes lining the nose. It is a global health problem that causes major illness and disability worldwide. Over 600 million patients from all countries, all ethnic groups and of all ages suffer from allergic rhinitis. It affects social life, sleep, school and work and its economic impact is substantial. Risk factors for allergic rhinitis are well identified. Indoor and outdoor allergens as well as occupational agents cause rhinitis and other allergic diseases. The role of indoor and outdoor pollution is probably very important, but has yet to be fully understood both for the occurrence of the disease and its manifestations. In 1999, during the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) WHO workshop, the expert panel proposed a new classification for allergic rhinitis which was subdivided into 'intermittent' or 'persistent' disease. This classification is now validated. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is often quite easy, but in some cases it may cause problems and many patients are still under-diagnosed, often because they do not perceive the symptoms of rhinitis as a disease impairing their social life, school and work. The management of allergic rhinitis is well established and the ARIA expert panel based its recommendations on evidence using an extensive review of the literature available up to December 1999. The statements of evidence for the development of these guidelines followed WHO rules and were based on those of Shekelle et al. A large number of papers have been published since 2000 and are extensively reviewed in the 2008 Update using the same evidence-based system. Recommendations for the management of allergic rhinitis are similar in both the ARIA workshop report and the 2008 Update. In the future, the GRADE approach will be used, but is not yet available. Another important aspect of the ARIA guidelines was to consider co-morbidities. Both allergic rhinitis and asthma are systemic inflammatory conditions and often co-exist in the same patients. In the 2008 Update, these links have been confirmed. The ARIA document is not intended to be a standard-of-care document for individual countries. It is provided as a basis for physicians, health care professionals and organizations involved in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma in various countries to facilitate the development of relevant local standard-of-care documents for patients.
Published: 2008

23. Atopic sensitization and the international variation of asthma symptom prevalence in children

Author: Riccardo Di Domenicantonio, Elpis Hatziagorou, Luis Garcia-Marcos, Erika Von Mutius, Lennart Nilsson, RENATO STEIN, Francesco Forastiere, Neil Pearce, Hywel Williams, Maia Gotua, Antonio Martínez-Gimeno, Philippa Ellwood, Lennart Bråbäck, Javier Mallol, Bert Brunekreef, Richard Beasley, Gary Wong, Marianne Van Hage, Raju Khubchandani, Manuela De Sario, Institute of Epidemiology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute for Risk Assessment (IRAS), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children's Hospital, Asthma and Allergy Department, University Children's Hospital-Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SK Weiland, von Mutius E, MA Riikjärv, P Rzehak, RT Stein, DP Strachan, Tsanakas J, K Wickens, Wong GW, Phase Deux Groupe d'étude ISAAC . Collaborateurs (158) Bjorksten B, W Cookson, B Bjorksten, D Strachan, Dentler C, Kleiner A, G Weinmayr, Priftanji A, A Shkurti, Simenati J, Grabocka E, Shyti K, S Agolli, B Brunekreef, Gurakuqi A, Urrutia de Pereira M, MH Jones, PM Pitrez, Cooper PJ, M Chico, YZ Chen, Zhong NS, C Lai, Wong G, G Büchele, T Annus, Annesi-Maesano I, M Rukhadze, T Abramidze, Kvachadze I, L Karsanidze, M Kiladze, N Dolidze, W Leupold, U Keil, WO Cookson, S Weiland, P Arthur, Addo- E Yobo, C Priftis, Papadopoulou A, C Katsardis, E Hatziagorou, Kirvassillis F, M Claus, Marcos-Garcia L, M Gotua, C Gratziou, M Hage van, and University Children's Hospital-Ludwig Maximilians University
Subjects: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Rural Population, Allergy, Pediatrics, Urban Population, MESH: Asthma, MESH: Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Global Health, Atopy, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Rural Population, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, MESH: Immunoglobulin E, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic, MESH: Urban Population, medicine.symptom, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Prognosis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Wheeze, Environmental health, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, MESH: Prevalence, Asthma, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, MESH: Odds Ratio, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030228 respiratory system, El Niño, Socioeconomic Factors, Attributable risk, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; RATIONALE: Atopic sensitization has long been known to be related to asthma in children, but its role in determining asthma prevalence remains to be elucidated further. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of atopic sensitization in the large international variation in the prevalence of childhood asthma. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies of random samples of 8- to 12-year-old children (n = 1,000 per center) were performed according to the standardized methodology of Phase Two of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC). Thirty study centers in 22 countries worldwide participated and reflect a wide range of living conditions, from rural Africa to urban Europe. Data were collected by parental questionnaires (n = 54,439), skin prick tests (n = 31,759), and measurements of allergen-specific IgE levels in serum (n = 8,951). Economic development was assessed by gross national income per capita (GNI). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of current wheeze (i.e., during the past year) ranged from 0.8% in Pichincha (Ecuador) to 25.6% in Uruguaiana (Brazil). The fraction of current wheeze attributable to atopic sensitization ranged from 0% in Ankara (Turkey) to 93.8% in Guangzhou (China). There were no correlations between prevalence rates of current wheeze and atopic sensitization, and only weak correlations of both with GNI. However, the fractions and prevalence rates of wheeze attributable to skin test reactivity correlated strongly with GNI (Spearman rank-order coefficient rho = 0.50, P = 0.006, and rho = 0.74, P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the strength of the association between current wheeze and skin test reactivity, assessed by odds ratios, increased with GNI (rho = 0.47, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The link between atopic sensitization and asthma symptoms in children differs strongly between populations and increases with economic development.
Published: 2007

24. [Epidemiology of asthma and allergies. The prevalence of allergies increases worldwide, and asthma has reached his highest-ever prevalence in Europe: why?]

Author: Aubier, Michel, Neukirch, Françoise, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Pneumologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), M Aubier, Neukirch F, Annesi-Maesano je ., and Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, MESH: Asthma, MESH: Hypersensitivity, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Global Health, Th2 Cells, immune system diseases, MESH: Th2 Cells, MESH: Child, Hypersensitivity, Prevalence, Humans, MESH: Obesity, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Obesity, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Drug Utilization, Child, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Developed Countries, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Environmental Pollution, MESH: Humans, Developed Countries, Incidence, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Adult, Environmental Exposure, MESH: Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Asthma, Drug Utilization, MESH: Male, respiratory tract diseases, Europe, MESH: Morbidity, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Food, Child, Preschool, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Morbidity, Environmental Pollution, MESH: Female, MESH: Food, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; Up to 10% of adults and 35% of children worldwide suffer from asthma. The incidence of asthma is also higher in children than in adults, possibly owing to a "cohort" effect. Recent population-based studies show that the increase in the prevalence of asthma noted worldwide in the past 30 years has started to subside in industrialised countries. This phenomenon has been accompanied by a parallel increase in the use of asthma medications. Possible explanations for this increase include the "hygiene hypothesis", which implicates diminished exposure to microbial pathogens but was recently challenged by new biological and immunological findings. Asthma might result from the interactions between individual and environmental factors (diet, air pollution, etc.), but further investigations are needed to understand the precise pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma.
Published: 2005

25. [Asthma epidemiology]

Author: Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Annesi-Maesano je ., and Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
Subjects: Adult, MESH: Asthma, Environment, Global Health, MESH: Phenotype, immune system diseases, MESH: Child, Prevalence, Humans, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, MESH: Incidence, Child, MESH: Environment, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Developed Countries, MESH: Humans, Developed Countries, Incidence, MESH: Adult, MESH: Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Asthma, respiratory tract diseases, Phenotype, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; Asthma is excessively common among the individuals (up to 10% in adults and 35% in children). Asthma is differently distributed in the world. Asthma incidence is 1%/y in average. Children are at greater risk of asthma than adults, which could be due to a cohort effect. Severe asthma is reported by 1-3% of the general population (children and adults respectively). Recent population-based data show that the asthma prevalence increase observed worldwide in the past 30 years has now stopped in industrialised countries. Such phenomenon has been paralleled by an increase in the use of asthma medications. The development and phenotypic expression of asthma depends on a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Gene-environment interactions already in early life should be explored to understand asthma epidemiological evolution.
Published: 2005

26. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Author: Robin Gopal, Gerard J. J. van Doornum, Martin Schutten, J. S. Malik Peiris, Nicolas Escriou, Jean Claude Manuguerra, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Ton de Jong, Maria Zambon, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Sylvie van der Werf, Ai Ee Ling, Wilina Lim, Geert van Amerongen, Debby van Riel, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Thijs Kuiken, John S. Tam, Klaus Stöhr, Jon D. Laman, Christian Drosten, Paul K.S. Chan, Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Government Virus Unit, Public Health Laboratory Centre, Singapore General Hospital, department of microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong]-Prince of Wales Hospital, Enteric Respiratory and Neurological Virus laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SARS Aetiology Study Group, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Department of Microbiology and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-Queen mary Hospital, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plazi, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Informatics
Subjects: MESH: Pulmonary Alveoli, viruses, Global Health, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, MESH: Animals, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Respiratory system, Viridae, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Diffuse alveolar damage, skin and connective tissue diseases, Coronavirus, 0303 health sciences, biology, Respiratory disease, biotic associations, corona viruses, virus diseases, covid, General Medicine, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, covid-19, TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS, CETAF-taskforce, China, MESH: SARS Virus, Article, Virus, virus-host, 03 medical and health sciences, Human metapneumovirus, pathogen-host, MESH: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, medicine, Animals, Humans, biotic relations, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, 030306 microbiology, fungi, pathogens, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, biotic interaction, Virology, Pulmonary Alveoli, body regions, Disease Models, Animal, Macaca fascicularis, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, MESH: Macaca fascicularis, Immunology, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: World Health
Abstract: Summary Background The worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is associated with a newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-associated coronavirus (SARSCoV). We did clinical and experimental studies to assess the role of this virus in the cause of SARS. Methods We tested clinical and postmortem samples from 436 SARS patients in six countries for infection with SARSCoV, human metapneumovirus, and other respiratory pathogens. We infected four cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) with SARS-CoV in an attempt to replicate SARS and did necropsies on day 6 after infection. Findings SARS-CoV infection was diagnosed in 329 (75%) of 436 patients fitting the case definition of SARS; human metapneumovirus was diagnosed in 41 (12%) of 335, and other respiratory pathogens were diagnosed only sporadically. SARS-CoV was, therefore, the most likely causal agent of SARS. The four SARS-CoV-infected macaques excreted SARS-CoV from nose, mouth, and pharynx from 2 days after infection. Three of four macaques developed diffuse alveolar damage, similar to that in SARS patients, and characterised by epithelial necrosis, serosanguineous exudate, formation of hyaline membranes, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, and the presence of syncytia. SARS-CoV was detected in pneumonic areas by virus isolation and RT-PCR, and was localised to alveolar epithelial cells and syncytia by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Interpretation Replication in SARS-CoV-infected macaques of pneumonia similar to that in human beings with SARS, combined with the high prevalence of SARS-CoV infection in SARS patients, fulfill the criteria required to prove that SARS-CoV is the primary cause of SARS. Published online July 22, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art6318web.pdf
Published: 2003

27. The situation on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy in 2002: highlights of the 42nd ICAAC

Author: Carmela Giglione, Thierry Meinnel, Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Biochemistry, MESH: Malaria, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, Pharmacology, MESH: Drug Design, MESH: Drug Resistance, Multiple, 03 medical and health sciences, Peptide deformylase, MESH: Infection Control, MESH: Bioterrorism, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH: Child, Drug Discovery, Medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Animals, MESH: Social Problems, Intensive care medicine, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Disease Transmission, Horizontal, MESH: Clinical Trials, MESH: Adult, Antimicrobial, MESH: Antimalarials, 3. Good health, MESH: Drug Resistance, Molecular Medicine, business, MESH: Infection, MESH: World Health
Abstract: The 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy took place in San Diego on 27 – 30 September 2002. The meeting was held in the light of current events. Bioterrorism, malaria, issues of surveillance and multiple resistance were discussed in depth. Few truly new drugs or potential targets were presented. Peptide deformylase inhibitors and several other metalloenzymes as new targets were among the most promising results.
Published: 2002

28. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease

Author: M de Lorgeril, Serge Renaud, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and De Lorgeril, Michel
Subjects: Male, Platelet Aggregation, Saturated fat, Physiology, Alcohol, Blood Pressure, Coronary Disease, Wine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Cholesterol, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Epidemiology, French paradox, Platelet, MESH: Platelet Aggregation, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, General Medicine, MESH: Blood Pressure, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Cholesterol, MESH: Dietary Fats, Female, France, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Ethanol, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Ethanol, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Dietary Fats, Coronary heart disease, MESH: Wine, MESH: Male, Surgery, MESH: France, chemistry, MESH: Coronary Disease, business, MESH: Female, MESH: World Health
Abstract: International audience; In most countries, high intake of saturated fat is positively related to high mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the situation in France is paradoxical in that there is high intake of saturated fat but low mortality from CHD. This paradox may be attributable in part to high wine consumption. Epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of alcohol at the level of intake in France (20-30 g per day) can reduce risk of CHD by at least 40%. Alcohol is believed to protect from CHD by preventing atherosclerosis through the action of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, but serum concentrations of this factor are no higher in France than in other countries. Re-examination of previous results suggests that, in the main, moderate alcohol intake does not prevent CHD through an effect on atherosclerosis, but rather through a haemostatic mechanism. Data from Caerphilly, Wales, show that platelet aggregation, which is related to CHD, is inhibited significantly by alcohol at levels of intake associated with reduced risk of CHD. Inhibition of platelet reactivity by wine (alcohol) may be one explanation for protection from CHD in France, since pilot studies have shown that platelet reactivity is lower in France than in Scotland.
Published: 1992

29. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Author: Audrey Bonaventure, Sumeet S. Chugh, Roderick J. Hay, Luigi Naldi, Derrick A Bennett, Bridget F. Grant, Tony R. Merriman, Goodarz Danaei, Francine Laden, Rupak Shivakoti, Steven D. Colan, Kovin Naidoo, Kyle J Foreman, David A. Sleet, Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Christopher J L Murray, Marita Cross, S. Ali, Karen Courville De Vaccaro, Richard F. Gillum, Herbert C. Duber, R Gupta, Carol Brayne, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, David Gunnell, Janet L Leasher, Dharani Ranganathan, James Leigh, Maria Loane, Kathryn G. Andrews, Steven T. Wiersma, Mengru Wang, Ella Sanman, Andrea Panozo Rivero, Robert G. Weintraub, Giorgio Tamburlini, F.G.R. Fowkes, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Safa Abdalla, Michael Phillips, Jürgen Rehm, Hannah Blencowe, George A. Mensah, Jeffrey A. Towbin, James D. Wilkinson, Pon Hsiu Yeh, Hammad A. Ganatra, Soufiane Boufous, Adrian Davis, Myles Connor, Simon Brooker, Bruno Hoen, Josep Maria Haro, Seth Flaxman, Ziad A. Memish, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Patricia Espindola, Laurie M. Anderson, Sarah Derrett, Esteban Porrini, Don C. Des Jarlais, Samath D Dharmaratne, Steven E. Lipshultz, Robert P. Dellavalle, Spencer L. James, Cleusa P. Ferri, Kerrianne Watt, Mohammad A. AlMazroa, Emma Smith, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Wei Liu, Mariel M. Finucane, Rupert R A Bourne, Uchechukwu Sampson, Valeria Miglioli, Summer Lockett Ohno, Michael C. Nevitt, Michael K Mwaniki, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Harvey Whiteford, David Singh, Doruk Ozgediz, Luca Ronfani, Peter Burney, Juanita A. Haagsma, Holly Hagan, Loreto Carmona, Ali A. Mokdad, Bishnu Pahari, Patricia J. Erwin, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Imad M. Tleyjeh, Bishal Bhandari, Emmanuela Gakidou, John J Huang, Paul K. Nelson, Lisa C. Rosenfeld, David Phillips, Michael S Lipnick, Louise Flood, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, John R. Condon, Robin Marks, Jasvinder A. Singh, Charles R. Newton, Adofo Koranteng, Hugh R. Taylor, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Nicole E. Johns, Elizabeth S Limb, Roy Burstein, Christine M. Budke, Amanda J Baxter, Tim Driscoll, Lesley Rushton, Casey Olives, Andrew E. Moran, Richard A. Gosselin, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Theo Vos, Jacqueline Mabweijano, James Scott, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Rogelio Perez Padilla, Neil McGill, Beth E. Ebel, John K Lin, Marc G. Weisskopf, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Ratilal Lalloo, Matthew J. Miller, Hélène Carabin, Allyne Delossantos, Leslie T. Cooper, Sandra Nolte, Andrew C Steer, Daphna Levinson, Nabila Dahodwala, G. Remuzzi, Christopher Hill, Ted R. Miller, Diana Haring, Andre Keren, Holly E. Erskine, Hwashin Shin, Sukanta Saha, Louisa Degenhardt, Ralph L. Sacco, Leslie Mallinger, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Felipe Rodriguez De Leòn, Maria Segui-Gomez, Reza Malekzadeh, Akira Matsumori, James Harrison, Honglei Chen, Luc E. Coffeng, Joshua A. Salomon, David Chou, Wagner Marcenes, Clotilde Ubeda, Helen Dolk, Sean R.M. Williams, Jerry Abraham, Sana Syed, William G. Couser, Lope H Barrero, K. Ellicott Colson, Wenzhi Wang, Ian Bolliger, Homie Razavi, Laura L Laslett, William J. Taylor, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Guy B. Marks, María-Gloria Basáñez, Claudia Cella, Miriam Alvarado, Saeid Shahraz, John J. McGrath, David J. Margolis, Neil Pearce, Charles Mock, Yara A. Halasa, Robin Room, David J. Weatherall, Kathryn Richardson, Karen Sliwa, Rafael Lozano, Diego De Leo, Zhi Jie Zheng, Peter Brooks, Thomas Roberts, Anthony D. Woolf, Paul Norman, Lorenzo Monasta, Majid Ezzati, Mohammed K. Ali, Frederick P. Rivara, Timothy J. Steiner, María Elena Medina-Mora, Kavi Bhalla, Victor Aboyans, Mathilda Regan, Stalin E. Ewoigbokhan, Michele Meltzer, Damian G Hoy, Charles E. Canter, Belinda J. Gabbe, Matthew A. Corriere, Sébastien D. S. Pion, Gretchen L. Birbeck, Geoffrey Buckle, Stephanie Y. Ahn, Martin A. Weinstock, Ronan A Lyons, Karen Edmond, Terrie E. Moffitt, Farshad Farzadfar, Norito Kawakami, W. Murray Thomson, Abraham D. Flaxman, Boris Bikbov, Jessica Singleton, Rachel L. Pullan, Simon J. O’Hanlon, Howard J. Hoffman, Svetlana Popova, Charles Atkinson, Saad B. Omer, Sherine E. Gabriel, Jim van Os, David T. Felson, Bianca Garcia, Wayne Hall, Sydney E. Ibeanusi, Philip B. Mitchell, Chiara Bucello, Michelle L. Bell, Flavio Gaspari, Donald H. Silberberg, Alexis Elbaz, Monica S. Vavilala, Tim Lathlean, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Kelsey Pierce, Larry M. Baddour, Michael H. Criqui, Ana Olga Mocumbi, Francis Guillemin, Farshad Pourmalek, Robert G. Nelson, Mary M. McDermott, M. Nathan Nair, Justina Groeger, Manu Dahiya, Rebecca Grainger, Yong Yi Lee, Emma Witt, Kenji Shibuya, Eduardo Bernabé, Alize J. Ferrari, George D. Thurston, Rakesh Aggarwal, David C. Schwebel, Gerhard Gmel, Jost B. Jonas, Hideki Higashi, Andrew Page, Peter J. Hotez, Hywel C Williams, Michael Freeman, Marcello Tonelli, Bernadette Thomas, Richard H. Osborne, David B. Rein, Lisa Bridgett, Jed D. Blore, Olive Kobusingye, Mukesh Dherani, Rita Krishnamurthi, Lisa M. Knowlton, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Rintaro Mori, E. Ray Dorsey, Katrina F Ortblad, Deborah Jarvis, Martin O'Donnell, Jon Paul Khoo, Valery L. Feigin, Ana-Claire Meyer, Kapa D. Ramaiah, Wilma A. Stolk, Michele E. Murdoch, Bianca Calabria, Cesar Diaz-Torne, James A. Black, Michael F. MacIntyre, Rachelle Buchbinder, C. Arden Pope, Donald S. Shepard, Monica Cortinovis, Richard Matzopoulos, Frederick Wolfe, Lidia Morawska, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Stephen S Lim, Diego Gonzalez-Medina, Traolach S. Brugha, Sivabalan Manivannan, Benjamin C Cowie, David Zonies, Emelia J. Benjamin, Sudha Jayaraman, Catherine Michaud, Gitanjali M Singh, Alan D. Lopez, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Fiona M. Blyth, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Benjamin L. Campbell, Carolyn Robinson, Suzanne Polinder, Marlene Fransen, Thomas Truelsen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Bongani M. Mayosi, Konrad Pesudovs, Myrna M. Weissman, Tasanee Braithwaite, Claire Bryan-Hancock, James Damsere-Derry, Richard A. White, John H. McAnulty, Natasha Wiebe, Fiona J Charlson, Norberto Perico, Charles H. King, Lyn March, Andrew T. A. Cheng, Ilana N. Ackerman, Rosana E. Norman, Jennifer L. Smith, Michael Burch, Adil N. Bahalim, Eric M. Fèvre, H. Ross Anderson, Julie O. Denenberg, Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg, David Bartels, Michel Boussinesq, Marieke J. van der Werf, Scott B. Patten, Marcella Montico, Rashmi Jasrasaria, Sarah Wulf, Lars Jacob Stovner, Mohsen Naghavi, Jennifer A. Taylor, Martin Prince, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Bioinformatics, GlaxoSmithKline, Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Parasitology, Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, EUROCAT Central Registry, Institute for Nursing Research-University of Ulster, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique ( CIC-EC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Imperial College London-National Heart and Lung Institute, Research & Planning, Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Anaesthetics, Southampton University Hospital, Cisco Systems, CISCO Systems, Inc, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Massey University Wellington Campus, centre for photomolecular science, Imperial College London, Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Department of neurology, Miller School of Medicine-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Département Cité des métiers - Cité de la santé - Universcience ( CDM/CDS ), Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford [Oxford], Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique (CIC-EC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Imperial College London-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Massey University, University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Département Cité des métiers - Cité de la santé - Universcience (CDM/CDS), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Centre d'investigation clinique - Epidémiologie clinique [Nancy] (CIC-EC), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM)-University of Miami [Coral Gables], University of Oxford, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Public Health, Immunology, and Cell biology
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, MESH : Prevalence, Health Status, MESH : Aged, Poison control, Public-health utility, MESH : Child, Preschool, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Child, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Prevalence, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, MESH: Health Status, MESH: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Communicable disease, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Newborn, 1. No poverty, Age Factors, MESH : Infant, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Infant, Countries, 3. Good health, MESH : Wounds and Injuries, Risk-factors, MESH: Quality-Adjusted Life Years, MESH : World Health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Lost, Adult, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MESH : Sex Factors, Population, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Infant, Newborn, 03 medical and health sciences, Expectancy, Young Adult, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, Disability-adjusted life year, Humans, Economic cost, MESH : Middle Aged, Mortality, MESH : Health Status, education, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, Disease burden, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH : Humans, Australia, Infant, Newborn, Infant, MESH: Adult, MESH : Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Non-communicable disease, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, MESH: Wounds and Injuries, Wounds and Injuries, MESH : Age Factors, Copd, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: World Health, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time. METHODS: We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights. FINDINGS: Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2*503 billion) to 2010 (2*490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions. INTERPRETATION: Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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29 results on '"MESH: World Health"'

1. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis

2. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

3. Primary prevention of venous thromboembolism in elderly medical patients

4. Clostridium difficile infections: do we know the real dimensions of the problem?

5. A new air quality perception scale for global assessment of air pollution health effects

6. Epilepsy-associated stigma in Bolivia: a community-based study among the Guarani population: an International League Against Epilepsy/International Bureau for Epilepsy/World Health Organization Global Campaign Against Epilepsy Regional Project

7. Infective endocarditis prophylaxis: moving from dental prophylaxis to global prevention?

8. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission

9. Do socioeconomic factors shape weight and obesity trajectories over the transition from midlife to old age? Results from the French GAZEL cohort study

10. International institutions, global health initiatives and the challenge of sustainability: lessons from the Brazilian AIDS programme

11. Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three

12. Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility phenotype in bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an international cohort of patients with infective endocarditis: prevalence, genotype, and clinical significance

13. The level of knowledge of risk factors for peripheral arterial disease also depends on subjects' individual clinical situations

14. Potential for a global dynamic of Influenza A (H1N1)

15. [Closing the gap in a generation: the WHO report on social determinants of health]

16. 148th ENMC international workshop on the scientific contributions of the EURALS consortium on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

17. Cancer de la prostate en Guadeloupe: incidence, mortalité, caractéristiques cliniques et anatomopathologiques [Prostate cancer in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) : incidence, mortality and clinicopathological features]

18. Preventing diet induced disease: bioavailable nutrient-rich, low-energy-dense diets

19. An assessment of interactions between global health initiatives and country health systems

20. Stroke in rural areas and small communities

21. Cannabis: the next villain on the lung cancer battlefield?

22. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)

23. Atopic sensitization and the international variation of asthma symptom prevalence in children

24. [Epidemiology of asthma and allergies. The prevalence of allergies increases worldwide, and asthma has reached his highest-ever prevalence in Europe: why?]

25. [Asthma epidemiology]

26. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome

27. The situation on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy in 2002: highlights of the 42nd ICAAC

28. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease

29. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

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29 results on '"MESH: World Health"'

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