Descriptor: "MESH: Viremia" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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28 results on '"MESH: Viremia"'

1. Transient viral exposure drives functionally-coordinated humoral immune responses in HIV-1 post-treatment controllers

Author: Molinos-Albert, Luis, Lorin, Valerie, Monceaux, Valérie, Orr, Sylvie, Essat, Asma, Dufloo, Jérémy, Schwartz, Olivier, Rouzioux, Christine, Meyer, Laurence, Hocqueloux, Laurent, Sáez-Cirión, Asier, Mouquet, Hugo, Group, Anrs Visconti Study, Prazuck, Thierry, Dieuleveult, Barbara De, Bani-Sadr, Firouzé, Hentzien, Maxime, Berger, Jean-Luc, Kmiec, Isabelle, Pichancourt, Gilles, Nasri, Safa, Hittinger, Gilles, Lambry, Véronique, Beauey, Anne-Cécile, Pialoux, Gilles, Palacios, Christia, Siguier, Martin, Adda, Anne, Foucoin, Jane, Weiss, Laurence, Karmochkine, Marina, Meghadecha, Mohamed, Ptak, Magali, Salmon-Ceron, Dominique, Blanche, Philippe, Piétri, Marie-Pierre, Molina, Jean-Michel, Taulera, Olivier, Lascoux-Combe, Caroline, Ponscarme, Diane, Bertaut, Jeannine Delgado, Makhloufi, Djamila, Godinot, Matthieu, Artizzu, Valérie, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Matheron, Sophie, Godard, Cindy, Julia, Zélie, Bernard, Louis, Bastides, Frédéric, Bourgault, Olivier, Jacomet, Christine, Goncalves, Emilie, Meybeck, Agnès, Huleux, Thomas, Cornavin, Pauline, Debab, Yasmine, Théron, David, Miailhes, Patrick, Cotte, Laurent, Pailhes, Sophie, Ogoudjobi, Stanislas, Viard, Jean Paul, Dulucq, Marie-Josée, Bodard, Loïc, Churaqui, Francoise, Guimard, Thomas, Laine, Laetitia, Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Microbiologie Clinique [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), La Source Hospital-CHR, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut (Avignon), CHI de Toulon, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Institut mutualiste Monsouris (IMM), Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon (CHD Vendée), We thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Program (Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH) for contributing to reagents and the Agence National de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (ANRS) for an equipment grant support (AO2013-2 #13553, H.M.). L.M. M-A. is the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini program (Institut Pasteur). H.M. received core grants from the Institut Pasteur, the INSERM and the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69-01). This work was conducted in the context of the ANRS RHIVIERA consortium, and was supported by the ANRS and the NIH/NIAID (grant #: P01AI131365, H.M.)., ANRS VISCONTI Study Group Thierry Prazuck, Barbara De Dieuleveult, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Maxime Hentzien, Jean-Luc Berger, Isabelle Kmiec, Gilles Pichancourt, Safa Nasri, Gilles Hittinger, Véronique Lambry, Anne-Cécile Beauey, Gilles Pialoux, Christia Palacios, Martin Siguier, Anne Adda, Jane Foucoin, Laurence Weiss, Marina Karmochkine, Mohamed Meghadecha, Magali Ptak, Dominique Salmon-Ceron, Philippe Blanche, Marie-Pierre Piétri, Jean-Michel Molina, Olivier Taulera, Caroline Lascoux-Combe, Diane Ponscarme, Jeannine Delgado Bertaut, Djamila Makhloufi, Matthieu Godinot, Valérie Artizzu, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Sophie Matheron, Cindy Godard, Zélie Julia, Louis Bernard, Frédéric Bastides, Olivier Bourgault, Christine Jacomet, Emilie Goncalves, Agnès Meybeck, Thomas Huleux, Pauline Cornavin, Yasmine Debab, David Théron, Patrick Miailhes, Laurent Cotte, Sophie Pailhes, Stanislas Ogoudjobi, Jean Paul Viard, Marie-Josée Dulucq, Loïc Bodard, Francoise Churaqui, Thomas Guimard & Laetitia Laine, ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, General Physics and Astronomy, HIV Infections, General Chemistry, MESH: HIV Infections, Antibodies, Neutralizing, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Immunity, Humoral, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: HIV-1, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, HIV-1, Humans, Viremia, MESH: Immunity, Humoral, MESH: Viremia
Abstract: HIV-1 post-treatment controllers are rare individuals controlling HIV-1 infection for years after antiretroviral therapy interruption. Identification of immune correlates of control in post-treatment controllers could aid in designing effective HIV-1 vaccine and remission strategies. Here, we perform comprehensive immunoprofiling of the humoral response to HIV-1 in long-term post-treatment controllers. Global multivariate analyses combining clinico-virological and humoral immune data reveal distinct profiles in post-treatment controllers experiencing transient viremic episodes off therapy compared to those stably aviremic. Virally-exposed post-treatment controllers display stronger HIV-1 humoral responses, and develop more frequently Env-specific memory B cells and cross-neutralizing antibodies. Both are linked to short viremic exposures, which are also accompanied by an increase in blood atypical memory B cells and activated subsets of circulating follicular helper T cells. Still, most humoral immune variables only correlate with Th2-like circulating follicular helper T cells. Thus, post-treatment controllers form a heterogeneous group with two distinct viral behaviours and associated immune signatures. Post-treatment controllers stably aviremic present “silent” humoral profiles, while those virally-exposed develop functionally robust HIV-specific B-cell and antibody responses, which may participate in controlling infection.
Published: 2022
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2. Reprogramming dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to promote properties associated with natural HIV control

Author: Federico Perdomo-Celis, Caroline Passaes, Valérie Monceaux, Stevenn Volant, Faroudy Boufassa, Pierre de Truchis, Morgane Marcou, Katia Bourdic, Laurence Weiss, Corinne Jung, Christine Bourgeois, Cécile Goujard, Laurence Meyer, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Olivier Lambotte, Asier Sáez-Cirión, HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], This work was funded by the ANRS, the NIH (UM1AI164562), co-funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). FPC was supported by the ANRS and a Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. The authors thank Gilead for their financial support in acquiring the Fortessa cytometer., and Passaes, Caroline
Subjects: MESH: Humans, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Adaptive immunity, Immunology, HIV Infections, General Medicine, Cellular immune response, MESH: HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, AIDS/HIV, MESH: HIV-1, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, HIV-1, Humans, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Viremia, Immunotherapy, MESH: Viremia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Abstract: International audience; Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in HIV-1 natural controllers to maintain suppressed viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. These cells display a memory program that confers them stemness properties, high survival, polyfunctionality, proliferative capacity, metabolic plasticity, and antiviral potential. The development and maintenance of such qualities by memory CD8+ T cells appear crucial to achieving natural HIV-1 control. Here, we show that targeting the signaling pathways Wnt/transcription factor T cell factor 1 (Wnt/TCF-1) and mTORC through GSK3 inhibition to reprogram HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from noncontrollers promoted functional capacities associated with natural control of infection. Features of such reprogrammed cells included enrichment in TCF-1+ less-differentiated subsets, a superior response to antigen, enhanced survival, polyfunctionality, metabolic plasticity, less mTORC1 dependency, an improved response to γ-chain cytokines, and a stronger HIV-suppressive capacity. Thus, such CD8+ T cell reprogramming, combined with other available immunomodulators, might represent a promising strategy for adoptive cell therapy in the search for an HIV-1 cure.
Published: 2022
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3. Modeling intra-mosquito dynamics of Zika virus and its dose-dependence confirms the low epidemic potential of Aedes albopictus

Author: Lionel Almeras, Albin Fontaine, Sebastian Lequime, Séverine Matheus, Sébastien Briolant, Jean-Sébastien Dehecq, Franck de Laval, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, KU Leuven (KU Leuven), Agence Régionale de Santé Océan Indien, Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Direction Générale de l’Armement grant no PDH-2-NRBC-2-B-2113Direction Centrale du Service de Santé des Armées grant agreement 2016RC10European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg, project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 653316.)Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO, https://www.fwo.be)., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), GUY, Charlotte, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), and Lequime lab
Subjects: Epidemiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, Zika virus, law.invention, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Animals, Biology (General), MESH: Models, Theoretical, 0303 health sciences, Zika Virus Infection, Eukaryota, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), Blood, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viral Vectors, QH301-705.5, Immunology, Viremia, MESH: Zika Virus, MESH: Disease Vectors, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Dose Prediction Methods, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, Genetics, Humans, MESH: Saliva, Epidemics, Saliva, Molecular Biology, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Humans, Flaviviruses, fungi, Organisms, Outbreak, Models, Theoretical, medicine.disease, Virology, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, Species Interactions, Vector (epidemiology), Parasitology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, People and places, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, Physiology, viruses, Disease Vectors, Mosquitoes, law, Aedes, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, biology, Pharmaceutics, MESH: Aedes, Viral Load, Body Fluids, Insects, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, France, Pathogens, Anatomy, MESH: Viral Load, Research Article, Aedes albopictus, Arthropoda, 030231 tropical medicine, Aedes aegypti, Mosquito Vectors, Virus, medicine, Animals, European Union, MESH: Viremia, MESH: Epidemics, 030304 developmental biology, Biology and life sciences, Zika Virus, RC581-607, biology.organism_classification, Zoology, Entomology, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract: Originating from African forests, Zika virus (ZIKV) has now emerged worldwide in urbanized areas, mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Although Aedes albopictus can transmit ZIKV experimentally and was suspected to be a ZIKV vector in Central Africa, the potential of this species to sustain virus transmission was yet to be uncovered until the end of 2019, when several autochthonous transmissions of the virus vectored by Ae. albopictus occurred in France. Aside from these few locally acquired ZIKV infections, most territories colonized by Ae. albopictus have been spared so far. The risk level of ZIKV emergence in these areas remains however an open question. To assess Ae. albopictus’ vector potential for ZIKV and identify key virus outbreak predictors, we built a complete framework using the complementary combination of (i) dose-dependent experimental Ae. albopictus exposure to ZIKV followed by time-dependent assessment of infection and systemic infection rates, (ii) modeling of intra-human ZIKV viremia dynamics, and (iii) in silico epidemiological simulations using an Agent-Based Model. The highest risk of transmission occurred during the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, at the peak of viremia. At this dose, mosquito infection probability was estimated to be 20%, and 21 days were required to reach the median systemic infection rates. Mosquito population origin, either temperate or tropical, had no impact on infection rates or intra-host virus dynamic. Despite these unfavorable characteristics for transmission, Ae. albopictus was still able to trigger and yield large outbreaks in a simulated environment in the presence of sufficiently high mosquito biting rates. Our results reveal a low but existing epidemic potential of Ae. albopictus for ZIKV, that might explain the absence of large scale ZIKV epidemics so far in territories occupied only by Ae. albopictus. They nevertheless support active surveillance and eradication programs in these territories to maintain the risk of emergence to a low level., Author summary Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged worldwide and triggered large outbreaks in human populations. While the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti is considered the primary vector of ZIKV, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus has been shown experimentally to transmit the virus and has been involved in a few autochthonous transmission in France in 2019. Here, we provide a comprehensive study on the ability of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes to transmit ZIKV by considering the within-host dynamics of ZIKV infection in humans and its impact on both mosquito infection probability and time to mosquito infectiousness. These empirical data were then leveraged by in silico simulations to embed them into their epidemiological context. Our study reveals a low but existing epidemic potential of Ae. albopictus for ZIKV, whatever their tropical or temperate origins. We identified mosquito density as a predictor for ZIKV outbreak occurrence when vectored by Ae. albopictus. Our findings help to explain the absence of large scale ZIKV epidemics in territories occupied by Ae. albopictus but call for active surveillance and eradication programs to maintain the risk of emergence to a low level.
Published: 2020
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4. Early Antiretroviral Therapy Prevents Viral Infection of Monocytes and Inflammation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques

Author: Thibault Mesplèdes, Petronela Ancuta, Julien Clain, Ghita Benmadid-Laktout, Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid, Gina Racine, Jérôme Estaquier, Chloé Borde, Guadalupe Andreani, Fabrizio Mammano, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Jewish General Hospital, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Mammano, Fabrizio, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, viral reservoir, MESH: Inflammation, MESH: Spleen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Systemic inflammation, MESH: Monocytes, MESH: Animals, 0303 health sciences, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: HIV Infections, Viral Load, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intestines, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anti-Retroviral Agents, SIV, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, medicine.symptom, MESH: Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, monocytes, MESH: Viral Load, IL-18, MESH: Intestines, CD14, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, MESH: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Viremia, Spleen, Inflammation, Biology, CD16, Microbiology, MESH: Anti-Retroviral Agents, MESH: Macaca mulatta, 03 medical and health sciences, IL-1ra, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Viremia, intestine, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Monocyte, HIV, Simian immunodeficiency virus, medicine.disease, Macaca mulatta, CD4, inflammation, Insect Science, Pathogenesis and Immunity, spleen
Abstract: International audience; Despite early antiretroviral therapy (ART), treatment interruption is associated with viral rebound, indicating early viral reservoir (VR) seeding and absence of full eradication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that may persist in tissues. Herein, we address the contributing role of monocytes in maintaining VRs under ART, since these cells may represent a source of viral dissemination due to their ability to replenish mucosal tissues in response to injury. To this aim, monocytes with classical (CD14+), intermediate (CD14+ CD16+), and nonclassical (CD16+) phenotypes and CD4+ T cells were sorted from the blood, spleen, and intestines of untreated and early-ART-treated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) before and after ART interruption. Cell-associated SIV DNA and RNA were quantified. We demonstrated that in the absence of ART, monocytes were productively infected with replication-competent SIV, especially in the spleen. Reciprocally, early ART efficiently (i) prevented the establishment of monocyte VRs in the blood, spleen, and intestines and (ii) reduced systemic inflammation, as indicated by changes in interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) plasma levels. ART interruption was associated with a rebound in viremia that led to the rapid productive infection of both CD4+ T cells and monocytes. Altogether, our results reveal the benefits of early ART initiation in limiting the contribution of monocytes to VRs and SIV-associated inflammation.IMPORTANCE Despite the administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in treated individuals and ART interruption is associated with viral rebound. Persistent chronic immune activation and inflammation contribute to disease morbidity. Whereas monocytes are infected by HIV/SIV, their role as viral reservoirs (VRs) in visceral tissues has been poorly explored. Our work demonstrates that monocyte cell subsets in the blood, spleen, and intestines do not significantly contribute to the establishment of early VRs in SIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with ART. By preventing the infection of these cells, early ART reduces systemic inflammation. However, following ART interruption, monocytes are rapidly reinfected. Altogether, our findings shed new light on the benefits of early ART initiation in limiting VR and inflammation.
Published: 2020
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5. Dengue viremia kinetics in asymptomatic and symptomatic infection

Author: Kajohnpong Manopwisedjaroen, Veasna Duong, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Tawatchai Yingtaweesak, Swangjit Suraamornkul, Nada Pitabut, Pratap Singhasivanon, Richard Paul, Ponpan Matangkasombut, Sasikanya Thaloengsok, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Vajira Hospital [Bangkok], Thasongyang Hospital [Tak, Thaïland], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) [under Grant Agreement #282,378 (DENFREE)] (to AS, RP, PS, PM) and a National Research University grant (Mahidol, to AS, PM)., and European Project: 282378,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-single-stage,DENFREE(2012)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, viruses, MESH: Dengue, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Dengue Virus, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Denv serotypes, MESH: Kinetics, Virus kinetics, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, General Medicine, Inapparent, 3. Good health, Asymptomatic, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Female, medicine.symptom, Clearance, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Viremia, Serogroup, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: Viremia, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, MESH: Serogroup, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Kinetics, Viral decay, business, MESH: Female, Viremia duration
Abstract: International audience; Background: Dengue infection is a global health threat. While symptomatic cases contribute to morbidity and mortality, the majority of infected people are asymptomatic but serve as an important reservoir. However, the kinetics of viremia in asymptomatic infections remains unknown. Methods: We enrolled 279 hospital-based symptomatic index cases and quantified dengue virus (DENV) RNA at enrollment and at the day of defervescence. To identify asymptomatic cases, 175 household members of index cases were monitored for clinical symptoms during follow-up, and blood was taken twice weekly to test for and quantify DENV RNA until cleared. Results: We detected DENV in thirteen asymptomatic household members (7.43%). Their DENV serotypes were primarily the same as those of their family index cases. The median peak DENV viremia in asymptomatic subjects was lower than that of symptomatic individuals during the febrile phase, and the viral decay rate was slower in asymptomatic infections. Conclusions: DENV level and kinetics in asymptomatic individuals differed significantly from those of symptomatic cases. Despite the lower viremia, the slower decay rate in asymptomatic infections could lead to their prolonging the infectious reservoir. The improvement of transmission control to prevent such long-lived asymptomatic infections from transmitting the DENV is needed.
Published: 2020
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6. Impact of IFNL4 genetic variants on sustained virologic response and viremia in hepatitis C virus genotype 3 patients

Author: BarnesEleanor, PedergnanaVincent, C A SpencerChris, L IrvingWilliam, McLauchlanJohn, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), and University of Glasgow
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, hepatitis C virus, Candidate gene, Genome-wide association study, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, Genotype, MESH: Hepacivirus, MESH: Middle Aged, virus diseases, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, candidate genes, medicine.drug, MESH: Interleukins, IFNL4, Hepatitis C virus, Immunology, Locus (genetics), Viremia, MESH: Genetic Loci, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine, Humans, MESH: Viremia, direct-acting antivirals, Polymorphism, Genetic, genome-wide association study, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Interleukins, Research Reports, Cell Biology, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, digestive system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 is very prevalent in Europe and Asia and is associated with worst outcomes than other genotypes. Genetic factors have been associated with HCV infection; however, no extensive genomewide study has been performed among HCV genotype 3 patients. In this study, using a large cohort of 1,759 patients infected with HCV genotype 3, we explore the role of genetic variants on the response to interferon (IFN) and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens and viremia in a combined candidate gene and genome-wide analysis. We show that genetic variants within the IFN lambda 4 (IFNL4) locus are the major factors associated with the studied traits, accordingly with observations in other HCV genotypes and with comparable effect sizes. In particular, the functional dinucleotide polymorphism rs368234815 was associated with IFN-based sustained virologic response (SVR) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, P = 2.3 • 10-7 ], viremia (beta =-0.23, P = 8.8 • 10-10), and also DAA-based SVR (OR = 1.7; P = 4.2 • 10-4). Our results provide evidence for a role of genetic variants on HCV viremia and SVR, notably DAA-based, in patients infected with HCV genotype 3.
Published: 2019
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7. Contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission

Author: T. Alex Perkins, Philippe Buchy, Thomas W. Scott, Veasna Duong, Louis Lambrechts, Quirine A. ten Bosch, Amy C. Morrison, Benjamin M. Althouse, Uriel Kitron, Lance A. Waller, Alun L. Lloyd, Hannah E. Clapham, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Washington [Seattle], New Mexico State University, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, This research was funded by a grant from the US National Institutes of Health – National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID (https://www.niaid.nih.gov/)) award number P01AI098670 (to TWS). Research leading to results on infectiousness in asymptomatic individuals received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007/2011) under Grant Agreement 282 378. LL is supported by the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID (http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/)) and the City of Paris (http://www.paris.fr/) Emergence(s) program in Biomedical Research. BMA thanks Bill and Melinda Gates through the Global Good Fund (http://www.globalgoodfund.org/). QAtB, BMA and TAP received support from Intellectual Ventures (http://www.intellectualventures.com/). ALL is supported by grant R01-AI091980 from the National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov/) and by the National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) (RTG/DMS - 1246991). HEC is supported by National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov/) under award no. 5R01AI102939-03. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 282378,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-single-stage,DENFREE(2012), Ferguson, Neil M, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Disease, MESH: Dengue, Disease Vectors, Dengue virus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Dengue Virus, Mosquitoes, Geographical Locations, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Models, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Animals, Biology (General), Transmission (medicine), Eukaryota, MESH: Aedes, Thailand, 3. Good health, Insects, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Infection severity, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, Pathogens, medicine.symptom, Infection, Research Article, Outbreak response, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Arthropoda, Infectious Disease Control, QH301-705.5, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Viremia, Context (language use), Mosquito Vectors, Models, Biological, Microbiology, Asymptomatic, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Biodefense, Virology, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Life Science, MESH: Viremia, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, Flaviviruses, business.industry, Prevention, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Organisms, Immunity, MESH: Models, Biological, Biology and Life Sciences, RC581-607, Dengue Virus, Biological, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, Vector-Borne Diseases, Species Interactions, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, People and Places, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business
Abstract: Despite estimates that, each year, as many as 300 million dengue virus (DENV) infections result in either no perceptible symptoms (asymptomatic) or symptoms that are sufficiently mild to go undetected by surveillance systems (inapparent), it has been assumed that these infections contribute little to onward transmission. However, recent blood-feeding experiments with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes showed that people with asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic DENV infections are capable of infecting mosquitoes. To place those findings into context, we used models of within-host viral dynamics and human demographic projections to (1) quantify the net infectiousness of individuals across the spectrum of DENV infection severity and (2) estimate the fraction of transmission attributable to people with different severities of disease. Our results indicate that net infectiousness of people with asymptomatic infections is 80% (median) that of people with apparent or inapparent symptomatic infections (95% credible interval (CI): 0–146%). Due to their numerical prominence in the infectious reservoir, clinically inapparent infections in total could account for 84% (CI: 82–86%) of DENV transmission. Of infections that ultimately result in any level of symptoms, we estimate that 24% (95% CI: 0–79%) of onward transmission results from mosquitoes biting individuals during the pre-symptomatic phase of their infection. Only 1% (95% CI: 0.8–1.1%) of DENV transmission is attributable to people with clinically detected infections after they have developed symptoms. These findings emphasize the need to (1) reorient current practices for outbreak response to adoption of pre-emptive strategies that account for contributions of undetected infections and (2) apply methodologies that account for undetected infections in surveillance programs, when assessing intervention impact, and when modeling mosquito-borne virus transmission., Author summary Most dengue virus infections result in either no perceptible symptoms or symptoms that are so mild that they go undetected by surveillance systems. It is unclear how much these infections contribute to the overall transmission and burden of dengue. At an individual level, we show that people with asymptomatic infections are approximately 80% as infectious to mosquitoes as their symptomatic counterparts. At a population level, we show that approximately 88% of infections result from people who display no apparent symptoms at the time of transmission. These results suggest that individuals undetected by surveillance systems may be the primary reservoir of dengue virus transmission and that policy for dengue control and prevention must be revised accordingly.
Published: 2018
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8. Cellular Determinants of HIV Persistence on Antiretroviral Therapy

Author: Jose Carlos Valle-Casuso, Anastassia Mikhailova, Asier Sáez-Cirión, HIV, Inflammation et persistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris], HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, Myeloid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, HIV reservoirs, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MESH: T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Dendritic cells, Cell survival, Virus, Persistence (computer science), MESH: HIV-1, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, HIV susceptibility, MESH: Receptors, HIV, medicine, MESH: Immune Evasion, CD4+ T-cell subsets, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, MESH: Viremia, Turnover potential, MESH: Drug Resistance, Viral, MESH: Humans, Macrophages, MESH: Apoptosis, MESH: Virus Replication, MESH: Virus Latency, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Myeloid Cells, Antiretroviral therapy, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Immunology, T cell subset, MESH: Viral Load, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The era of antiretroviral therapy has made HIV-1 infection a manageable chronic disease for those with access to treatment. Despite treatment, virus persists in tissue reservoirs seeded with long-lived infected cells that are resistant to cell death and immune recognition. Which cells contribute to this reservoir and which factors determine their persistence are central questions that need to be answered to achieve viral eradication. In this chapter, we describe how cell susceptibility to infection, resistance to cell death, and immune-mediated killing as well as natural cell life span and turnover potential are central components that allow persistence of different lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets that were recently identified as key players in harboring latent and actively replicating virus. The relative contribution of these subsets to persistence of viral reservoir is described, and the open questions are highlighted.
Published: 2018
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9. Increased adaptive immune responses and proper feedback regulation protect against clinical dengue

Author: Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Arnaud Tarantola, Veasna Duong, Philippe Buchy, Noémie Courtejoie, Philippe Dussart, Ahmed Tawfik, Sivlin Ung, Kevin Bleakley, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Sowath Ly, Matthieu Prot, Isabelle Casademont, Tineke Cantaert, Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LM-Orsay), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], This work was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2011) under grant agreement 282378 and the PTR373 funding of Institut Pasteur International Network., European Project: 282378, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Département de Mathématiques [ORSAY], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccine, European Project : 282378, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Inflammation, Transcription, Genetic, MESH: Feedback, Physiological, T-Lymphocytes, viruses, Apoptosis, MESH: Dengue, Adaptive Immunity, Dengue virus, Antibodies, Viral, Lymphocyte Activation, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], MESH: Demography, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Child, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Feedback, Physiological, Antigen Presentation, education.field_of_study, MESH: Cytokines, MESH: Plasma Cells, Cell Differentiation, General Medicine, Viral Load, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Acute Disease, Cytokines, MESH: Acute Disease, MESH: Immunity, Innate, medicine.symptom, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, MESH: Cell Differentiation, T cell, Plasma Cells, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, medicine, Humans, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, education, MESH: Lymphocyte Activation, Demography, Inflammation, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, MESH: Apoptosis, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, Immunity, Innate, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Gene Expression Regulation, FOS: Biological sciences, Immunology, MESH: Antigen Presentation, business, MESH: Adaptive Immunity, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: International audience; Clinical symptoms of dengue virus (DENV) infection, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, range from classical mild dengue fever to severe, life-threatening dengue shock syndrome. However, most DENV infections cause few or no symptoms. Asymptomatic DENV-infected patients provide a unique opportunity to decipher the host immune responses leading to virus elimination without negative impact on an individual's health. We used an integrated approach of transcriptional profiling and immunological analysis to compare a Cambodian population of strictly asymptomatic viremic individuals with clinical dengue patients. Whereas inflammatory pathways and innate immune response pathways were similar between asymptomatic individuals and clinical dengue patients, expression of proteins related to antigen presentation and subsequent T cell and B cell activation pathways was differentially regulated, independent of viral load and previous DENV infection history. Feedback mechanisms controlled the immune response in asymptomatic viremic individuals, as demonstrated by increased activation of T cell apoptosis-related pathways and FcγRIIB (Fcγ receptor IIB) signaling associated with decreased anti-DENV-specific antibody concentrations. Together, our data illustrate that symptom-free DENV infection in children is associated with increased activation of the adaptive immune compartment and proper control mechanisms, leading to elimination of viral infection without excessive immune activation, with implications for novel vaccine development strategies.
Published: 2017
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10. Posttreatment controllers: what do they tell us?

Author: Christine Rouzioux, Asier Sáez-Cirión, Laurent Hocqueloux, Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], We thank the ANRS (Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales) and the Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans for the financial support and promotion of the VISCONTI study., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP] - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), and Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR)
Subjects: [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, endocrine system diseases, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Viremia, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Anti-Retroviral Agents, MESH: HIV-1, Virology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Viremia, MESH: Humans, Oncology (nursing), business.industry, virus diseases, Hematology, MESH: HIV Infections, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral therapy, humanities, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Anti-Retroviral Agents, HIV-1, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, business, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, After treatment
Abstract: International audience; The posttreatment controllers (PTCs), as described for the Viro-Immunological Sustained COntrol after Treatment Interruption patients, are able to maintain durable HIV control after interruption of early antiretroviral therapy (ART). They are different from spontaneous HIV controllers who achieve HIV control without prior ART. PTCs provide proof-of-concept that prolonged ART-free remission is possible.; PTCs support the idea that early treatment could be especially beneficial. They show that a stable equilibrium between a small HIV reservoir and HIV-1-specific immune responses can be achieved. PTCs occur at a frequency of 5 and 15% of patients with early combination ART interruption, which might be considered too infrequent to support early combination ART in all individuals. However, it will be necessary to use more potent ART, with good penetration into lymphoid tissues, initiated earlier and maintained for at least 4 years to see if this frequency might be increased.; Understanding the mechanisms underlying durable HIV control among PTCs will provide critical insights into how this might be achieved in others. PTCs give hope that the objective of durable HIV remission is a realistic goal in the medium term.
Published: 2015
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11. Association between hepatitis E and neurological disorders: two case studies and literature review

Author: M. Vaillant, Jean-Paul Brion, L. Hyerle, Emilie Mosnier, Aude Belbézier, A. Deroux, Patricia Pavese, Sylvie Larrat, Patrice Morand, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Molécules bioactives, conception, isolement et synthèse (MBCIS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Agraires et Développement Rural - UP1102 (SADR), AgroParisTech, Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions [Grenoble] (UVHCI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Department of Infectious Diseases, and University Hospital
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parsonage–Turner syndrome, MESH: Hepatitis E virus, viruses, Disease, Serology, Virology, Hepatitis E virus, Brachial Plexus Neuritis, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Encephalitis, Viral, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, MESH: Brachial Plexus Neuritis, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Hepatitis E, virus diseases, MESH: Adult, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, MESH: Encephalitis, Viral, Cytolysis, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Infectious Diseases, Immunology, business, Viral hepatitis, Encephalitis
Abstract: International audience; Hepatitis E (HEV) is an emerging disease in our developed countries, but is not routinely tested for in case of liver cytolysis. However, a growing number of extra-hepatic manifestations of HEV infection associated with acute hepatitis are reported. In this article, we discuss two cases of HEV with neurological symptoms, one with encephalitis, and the other with Parsonage Turner syndrome. All these disorders appeared concomitantly with liver cytolysis and disappeared quickly, following the viral kinetics. Only twenty cases of neurological manifestation of HEV have been described before. The use of HEV serology in patients with concurrent liver cytolysis and neurological symptoms has to be improved.
Published: 2014

12. Relationships between HIV disease history and blood HIV-1 DNA load in perinatally infected adolescents and young adults: The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study

Author: Josiane Warszawski, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Stéphane Blanche, Jérôme Le Chenadec, Jean-Paul Viard, Naima Bouallag, Yves Rivière, Florence Buseyne, Daniel Scott-Algara, Christine Rouzioux, Catherine Dollfus, Yassine Benmebarek, Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service d'hématologie-immunologie-oncologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Hôpital de l’Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Immunopathologie Virale, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Infection à VIH, réservoirs, diversité génétique et résistance aux antirétroviraux (ARV) (EA 7327), Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANRSFondation AREVA, ANRS-EP38-IMMIP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Trousseau [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Infection à VIH, réservoirs, diversité génétique et résistance aux antirétroviraux (ARV) ( EA 7327 ), Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, and Buseyne, Florence
Subjects: Male, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH : Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology, HIV Infections, MESH : Viral Load, Disease, law.invention, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, cell-associated HIV DNA, MESH: HIV Infections/blood, Young adult, HIV perinatal infection, 0303 health sciences, MESH: DNA, Viral/blood, MESH: RNA, Viral/blood, virus diseases, MESH: HIV Infections/transmission, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Disease Progression, MESH: Disease Progression, MESH : Viremia, Viral load, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Cohort Studies, Viremia, MESH : HIV Infections/blood, MESH: HIV-1/isolation & purification, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : HIV Infections/transmission, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, MESH : Disease Progression, medicine.disease, MESH : Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Virology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH : Pregnancy, Immunology, DNA, Viral, HIV-1, MESH: Female, [ SDV.MHEP.PED ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [ SDV.IMM.IA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, MESH: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cohort Studies, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Immunology and Allergy, MESH : RNA, Viral/blood, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, adolescents, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH : Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH: Cohort Studies, Polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: HIV Infections/drug therapy, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH : HIV-1/genetics, Viral Load, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, Female, MESH: Viral Load, MESH : DNA, Viral/blood, Adolescent, MESH : HIV Infections/drug therapy, MESH : Male, MESH : Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : Infant, Newborn, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, cumulative viremia, medicine, MESH : CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH: Viremia, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, MESH: HIV-1/genetics, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Male, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH : HIV-1/isolation & purification, MESH : HIV-1/drug effects, MESH: HIV-1/drug effects, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background. Our aim was to study the impact of lifelong human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease history on the current immune and virological status of perinatally infected patients reaching adulthood. We evaluated blood cell–associated HIV DNA load as an indicator of cell-associated HIV reservoirs and an independent predictor of disease progression. Methods. The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study included 93 patients aged 15–24 years who were infected with HIV during the perinatal period. HIV DNA load was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Eighty-five percent of patients were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and HIV RNAwas undetectableintheplasmaof75%ofthesepatients.ThemedianHIV DNAloadwas 2.84(interquartilerange, 2.51–3.16) log10 copies per 10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In patients with viral suppression, HIV DNA load was independently associated with cumulative HIV RNA viremia over the last 5 years. HIV DNA load was negatively correlated with CD4 cell count in patients with active replication but not in those with undetectable HIV RNA. Conclusions. In perinatally infected youths who are successfully treated, sustained viral suppression is associated with a low HIV DNA load. The absence of association between current HIV DNA load and CD4 cell counts suggests that the unique physiological characteristics of pediatric infection persist after adolescence. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01055873.
Published: 2012
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13. Effectiveness and safety of saquinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected pregnant women: INEMA cohort

Author: Véronique Reliquet, L. De Saint Martin, G. Le Moal, C. Brunet, E. Bui, N. Winer, Nicolas Venisse, François Raffi, P. Perfezou, T. Jovelin, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique (POITIERS - Pharmacocinétique), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique (NANTES - Gynéco Obstétrique), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Médecine Interne, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Poitiers], Service de Pneumologie (CHIC - Pneumologie), CHIC Quimper, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes]
Subjects: Male, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, MESH: HIV-1, Cohort Studies, MESH: Pregnancy, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: HIV-2, Pregnancy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, 10. No inequality, MESH: Cohort Studies, Saquinavir, MESH: Treatment Outcome, 0303 health sciences, Vaginal delivery, Obstetrics, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, MESH: Zidovudine, MESH: HIV Infections, Viral Load, 3. Good health, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, MESH: Young Adult, Cohort, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, Zidovudine, medicine.drug, Adult, MESH: Drug-Induced Liver Injury, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Saquinavir, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, Adverse effect, MESH: HIV Protease Inhibitors, MESH: Humans, Ritonavir, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Adult, HIV Protease Inhibitors, MESH: Pregnancy Outcome, medicine.disease, Delivery, Obstetric, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Surgery, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, Regimen, HIV-2, HIV-1, MESH: Ritonavir, MESH: Delivery, Obstetric, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to describe the effectiveness and the safety of a saquinavir/ritonavir (SQV/r) regimen, 1000/100mg twice daily, in HIV-infected pregnant patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We made a prospective and observational study of HIV positive female patients beginning or going on SQV/r antiretroviral treatment (ART) during pregnancy. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were enrolled from July 2007 to June 2009 in 10 infectious diseases units in France. Thirty-six women (group 1) were ART naive on inclusion, 20 (group 2) had been previously treated and then switched to SQV/r, six (group 3) were treated with SQV/r before pregnancy. 58 patients delivered while on SQV/r regimen after a median pregnancy duration of 39 WA. Eighty percent had a viral load below 50 copies/mL and 93% below 400 copies/mL: respectively 77% and 93.5% in group 1, 83% and 89% in group 2, 83% and 100% in group 3. The median SQV minimum concentrations (C(min)) measured at the third trimester and at delivery were adequate, respectively 0.91 mg/L and 0.86 mg/L. Most women (52%) had a vaginal delivery; 12 (21%) had an elective caesarean section, for obstetrics factors in eight cases. None of the newborns were HIV-infected at 6 months of age (n = 59, one death at day 3). Only one severe adverse event occurred due to saquinavir (maternal grade 3 hepatotoxicity). CONCLUSION: SQV/r 1000/100mg twice daily seems to be effective and safe in HIV-infected pregnant women with adequate saquinavir C(min).
Published: 2012
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14. Effect of a short-term HAART on SIV load in macaque tissues is dependent on time of initiation and antiviral diffusion

Author: Roger Le Grand, Olivier Bourry, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Lucie Durand-Gasselin, Abdelkrim Mannioui, Henri Benech, Pierre Sellier, Camille Roucairol, Pierre Roques, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (IMETI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Administration, Oral, Indinavir, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Tissue Distribution, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0303 health sciences, virus diseases, MESH: Zidovudine, MESH: Administration, Cutaneous, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Lamivudine, MESH: Administration, Oral, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, MESH: Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Zidovudine, medicine.drug, MESH: Lamivudine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, MESH: Simian immunodeficiency virus, medicine.drug_class, Viremia, Context (language use), Biology, MESH: Drug Administration Schedule, Administration, Cutaneous, Virus, Drug Administration Schedule, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, medicine, Animals, MESH: Tissue Distribution, MESH: Viremia, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: HIV Protease Inhibitors, Research, MESH: Indinavir, MESH: Time Factors, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Simian immunodeficiency virus, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Chronic infection, Macaca fascicularis, Viral replication, MESH: Macaca fascicularis, Immunology, Antiviral drug, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract: Background HIV reservoirs are rapidly established after infection, and the effect of HAART initiated very early during acute infection on HIV reservoirs remains poorly documented, particularly in tissue known to actively replicate the virus. In this context, we used the model of experimental infection of macaques with pathogenic SIV to assess in different tissues: (i) the effect of a short term HAART initiated at different stages during acute infection on viral dissemination and replication, and (ii) the local concentration of antiviral drugs. Results Here, we show that early treatment with AZT/3TC/IDV initiated either within 4 hours after intravenous infection of macaques with SIVmac251 (as a post exposure prophylaxis) or before viremia peak (7 days post-infection [pi]), had a strong impact on SIV production and dissemination in all tissues but did not prevent infection. When treatment was initiated after the viremia peak (14 days pi) or during early chronic infection (150 days pi), significant viral replication persists in the peripheral lymph nodes and the spleen of treated macaques despite a strong effect of treatment on viremia and gut associated lymphoid tissues. In these animals, the level of virus persistence in tissues was inversely correlated with local concentrations of 3TC: high concentrations of 3TC were measured in the gut whereas low concentrations were observed in the secondary lymphoid tissues. IDV, like 3TC, showed much higher concentration in the colon than in the spleen. AZT concentration was below the quantification threshold in all tissues studied. Conclusions Our results suggest that limited antiviral drug diffusion in secondary lymphoid tissues may allow persistent viral replication in these tissues and could represent an obstacle to HIV prevention and eradication.
Published: 2010
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15. Lentiviral vector-based prime/boost vaccination against AIDS: pilot study shows protection against Simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 challenge in macaques

Author: Julie Rivière, Anne-Sophie Beignon, Christelle Liard, Sandie Munier, Pierre Charneau, Karine Mollier, Frédéric Coutant, Philippe Souque, Virologie moléculaire et Vectorologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TheraVectys, Developpement Normal et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Pilot Projects, medicine.disease_cause, Major Histocompatibility Complex, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Genetic Vectors, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Cytotoxic T cell, MESH: Animals, MESH: Lentivirus, AIDS Vaccines, 0303 health sciences, biology, Vaccination, MESH: Macaca, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Vesicular stomatitis virus, MESH: Gene Products, gag, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, MESH: Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, MESH: Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Simian immunodeficiency virus, Genetic Vectors, Immunology, Antigen presentation, Gene Products, gag, Viremia, Microbiology, Viral vector, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: AIDS Vaccines, MESH: Major Histocompatibility Complex, Antigen, Virology, Vaccines and Antiviral Agents, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Viremia, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Humans, Lentivirus, MESH: Vaccination, Simian immunodeficiency virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Pilot Projects, MESH: Male, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, Macaca
Abstract: AIDS vaccination has a pressing need for more potent vaccination vectors capable of eliciting strong, diversified, and long-lasting cellular immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Lentiviral vectors have demonstrated efficiency not only as gene delivery vehicles for gene therapy applications but also as vaccination tools. This is likely due to their ability to transduce nondividing cells, including dendritic cells, enabling sustained endogenous antigen presentation and thus the induction of high proportions of specific cytotoxic T cells and long-lasting memory T cells. We show in a first proof-of-concept pilot study that a prime/boost vaccination strategy using lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with a glycoprotein G from two non-cross-reactive vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes elicited robust and broad cellular immune responses against the vector-encoded antigen, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) GAG, in cynomolgus macaques. Vaccination conferred strong protection against a massive intrarectal challenge with SIVmac251, as evidenced both by the reduction of viremia at the peak of acute infection (a mean of over 2 log 10 fold reduction) and by the full preservation of the CD28 + CD95 + memory CD4 + T cells during the acute phase, a strong correlate of protection against pathogenesis. Although vaccinees continued to display lower viremia than control macaques during the early chronic phase, these differences were not statistically significant by day 50 postchallenge. A not-optimized SIV GAG antigen was chosen to show the strong potential of the lentiviral vector system for vaccination. Given that a stronger protection can be anticipated from a modern HIV-1 antigen design, gene transfer vectors derived from HIV-1 appear as promising candidates for vaccination against HIV-1 infection.
Published: 2009
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16. Early and strong immune responses are associated with control of viral replication and recovery in lassa virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys

Author: Philippe Marianneau, Vincent Deubel, Noël Tordo, Alexandra Journeaux, Philippe Loth, Stéphanie Reynard, Michèle Chevallier, Hugues Contamin, Sylvain Baize, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biomnis, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Immunology, MESH: Vero Cells, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, MESH: Arenaviridae Infections, Microbiology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Virology, Chlorocebus aethiops, medicine, Animals, Arenaviridae Infections, MESH: Animals, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, Lassa virus, Vero Cells, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Cytokines, Arenavirus, biology, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Virus Replication, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Lassa virus, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, Macaca fascicularis, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Viral replication, MESH: Macaca fascicularis, Insect Science, biology.protein, Pathogenesis and Immunity, Cytokines, Antibody, Viral load
Abstract: Lassa virus causes a hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. The pathogenesis and the immune responses associated with the disease are poorly understood, and no vaccine is available. We followed virological, pathological, and immunological markers associated with fatal and nonfatal Lassa virus infection of cynomolgus monkeys. The clinical picture was characterized by fever, weight loss, depression, and acute respiratory syndrome. Transient thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, infiltration of mononuclear cells, and alterations of the liver, lungs, and endothelia were observed. Survivors exhibited fewer lesions and a lower viral load than nonsurvivors. Although all animals developed strong humoral responses, antibodies appeared more rapidly in survivors and were directed against GP 1 , GP 2 , and NP. Type I interferons were detected early after infection in survivors but only during the terminal stages in fatalities. The mRNAs for CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) were abundant in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph nodes from infected animals, but plasma interleukin-6 was detected only in fatalities. In survivors, high activated-monocyte counts were followed by a rise in the total number of circulating monocytes. Activated T lymphocytes circulated in survivors, whereas T-cell activation was low and delayed in fatalities. In vitro stimulation with inactivated Lassa virus induced activation of T lymphocytes from all infected monkeys, but only lymphocytes from survivors proliferated. Thus, early and strong immune responses and control of viral replication were associated with recovery, whereas fatal infection was characterized by major alterations of the blood formula and, in organs, weak immune responses and uncontrolled viral replication.
Published: 2009
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17. New strain of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 3 in a Pygmy from Cameroon with peculiar HTLV serologic results

Author: Renaud Mahieux, Sylvianne Bassot, Alain Froment, Sara Calattini, Antoine Gessain, Edouard Betsem, Sébastien Chevalier, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, George Washington University Medical Center, Adaptations humaines aux environnements tropicaux durant l'Holocène (ADENTHRO), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, viruses, Retroviridae Proteins, Human T-lymphotropic virus, Simian, MESH: Deltaretrovirus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, immune system diseases, Ethnicity, Immunology and Allergy, Cameroon, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Immunoassay, 0303 health sciences, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Middle Aged, Deltaretrovirus Infections, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Strain (biology), Human T-lymphotropic virus 2, virus diseases, Middle Aged, Viral Load, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Close relationship, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Ethnic Groups, Female, MESH: Viral Load, MESH: Immunoassay, MESH: HTLV-II Infections, Adult, Blotting, Western, Deltaretrovirus, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Complete sequence, Western blot, MESH: HTLV-I Infections, medicine, MESH: Blotting, Western, Humans, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 2, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Retroviridae Proteins, MESH: Cameroon, biology.organism_classification, Virology, HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Male, HTLV-II Infections, MESH: Female, MESH: Deltaretrovirus Infections
Abstract: International audience; A search for human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 and related viruses was performed by serological and molecular means on samples obtained from 421 adult villagers from the southern Cameroon forest areas. One individual (a 56-year-old Baka Pygmy hunter) was found to be HTLV-3 infected; however, there was a low proviral load in blood cells. Complete sequence analysis of this virus (HTLV-3Lobak18) indicated a close relationship to human HTLV-3Pyl43 and simian STLV-3CTO604 strains. Plasma samples from Lobak18, the HTLV-3 infected individual, exhibited a peculiar "HTLV-2-like" pattern on Western blot analysis and were serologically untypeable by line immunoassay. These results were different from those for the 2 previously reported HTLV-3 strains, raising questions about serological confirmation of infection with such retroviruses.
Published: 2008
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18. Replication-competent HIV strains infect HIV controllers despite undetectable viremia (ANRS EP36 study)

Author: Asier Sáez-Cirión, Gianfranco Pancino, Marie-Laure Chaix, Aurélia Lamine, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Christine Rouzioux, Olivier Lambotte, Jean-François Delfraissy, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, viruses, Immunology, HIV Infections, Viremia, Virus Replication, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, MESH: HIV-1, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), MESH: Gene Products, env, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Viremia, Sida, MESH: Phylogeny, Cells, Cultured, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Virus Replication, Gene Products, env, virus diseases, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: HIV Infections, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Superinfection, Viral evolution, Lentivirus, HIV-1, Viral disease, MESH: Cells, Cultured
Abstract: The replicative potential of HIV-1 strains in a well-characterized group of eight HIV controllers was investigated. Replication-competent viruses were detected in CD4 T-cell co-culture supernatants from all HIV controllers. The phylogenetic analysis of C2V4 suggested viral evolution or co-infection or superinfection in two out of the four patients analysed. The vif and vpr genes were normal. Infection with HIV-1 variants with attenuated replicative capacity cannot be a general factor accounting for undetectable viraemia in HIV controllers.
Published: 2007
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19. Rapid induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies and viral clearance in a single-source outbreak of hepatitis C

Author: Edith Bläser, Helga Meisel, Jens Baumert, Arvind H. Patel, Peter Schürmann, Michael Roggendorf, Birke Bartosch, Kay Rispeter, Hubert E. Blum, François-Loïc Cosset, Thomas F. Baumert, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Jan M. Pestka, Sergei Viazov, Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Virologie humaine, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-IFR128-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), MRC Virology Unit, University of Glasgow, Institute of Virology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Epidemiology, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, University of Essen, Interaction virus-hôte et maladies du foie, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), (VIRGIL NoE to T. F. B.), MRC Research Council (A. H. P.), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ba1417/11-1, T. F. B.), Germany, Inserm (T. F. B., F.-L. C.), the ANR chair of excellence program and ANRS, France (T. F. B)., École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-IFR128-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Humboldt University Of Berlin, and Baumert, Thomas F.
Subjects: mAb: monoclonal antibody, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Cohort Studies, Pathogenesis, HCV: hepatitis C virus, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral Envelope Proteins, MESH: Liver Neoplasms, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, MESH: Cohort Studies, HVR-1: hypervariable region-1, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, MESH: Kinetics, Liver Neoplasms, MESH: Neutralization Tests, Hepatitis C, Biological Sciences, 3. Good health, MESH: Hepatitis C, Chronic, MESH: RNA, Viral, RNA, Viral, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Antibody, MLV: murine leukaemia virus, EndoH: endoglycosidase H, vaccines, pathogenesis, host reponses, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, MESH: Cell Line, Tumor, Hepatitis C virus, Viremia, Virus, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Neutralization Tests, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, MESH: Viremia, GFP: green fluorescent protein, Retrospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Hepatitis C, MESH: Humans, Outbreak, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Hepatitis C Antibodies, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Virology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, MESH: Cell Line, Kinetics, MESH: Hepatitis C Antibodies, MESH: Viral Envelope Proteins, Immunology, biology.protein, HCVpp: HCV pseudoparticles, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; In contrast to a detailed understanding of antiviral cellular immune responses, the impact of neutralizing antibodies for the resolution of acute hepatitis C is poorly defined. The analysis of neutralizing responses has been hampered by the fact that patient cohorts as well as hepatitis C virus (HCV) strains are usually heterogeneous, and that clinical data from acute-phase and long-term follow-up after infection are not readily available. Using an infectious retroviral HCV pseudoparticle model system, we studied a cohort of women accidentally exposed to the same HCV strain of known sequence. In this single-source outbreak of hepatitis C, viral clearance was associated with a rapid induction of neutralizing antibodies in the early phase of infection. Neutralizing antibodies decreased or disappeared after recovery from HCV infection. In contrast, chronic HCV infection was characterized by absent or low-titer neutralizing antibodies in the early phase of infection and the persistence of infection despite the induction of cross-neutralizing antibodies in the late phase of infection. These data suggest that rapid induction of neutralizing antibodies during the early phase of infection may contribute to control of HCV infection. This finding may have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of HCV infection and for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic antiviral strategies.
Published: 2007
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20. Multiple organ failure during primary HIV infection

Author: Christophe Camus, Pierre Tattevin, Cédric Arvieux, Christian Michelet, Annick Ruffault, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service des urgences [Rennes] = Emergency [Rennes], Unité de Rétrovirologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, medicine.medical_specialty, Mononucleosis, Adolescent, Multiple Organ Failure, HIV Infections, Primary HIV infection, Asymptomatic, Esophageal candidiasis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, MESH: Multiple Organ Failure, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: HIV, virus diseases, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, HIV, MESH: HIV Infections, Viral Load, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Cytomegalovirus infection, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MESH: Viral Load, MESH: Female, Myopericarditis
Abstract: International audience; The appearance of primary HIV infection ranges from an asymptomatic presentation to a symptomatic illness resembling infectious mononucleosis. Severe unusual presentations include acute myopericarditis, renal failure, and opportunistic infections such as esophageal candidiasis, cytomegalovirus infection, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. We report a case of multiple organ failure during primary HIV infection.
Published: 2006
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21. A cost-effective algorithm for the diagnosis of Hepatitis C virus infection and prediction of HCV viremia in Cameroon

Author: Ahidjo Ayouba, Marie Claire Endegue Zanga, Richard Njouom, Régis Pouillot, Eric Nerrienet, Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem, Christophe Pasquier, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Cameroon, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, virus diseases, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hepatitis C, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, 3. Good health, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Predictive value of tests, MESH: RNA, Viral, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Costs and Cost Analysis, MESH: Evaluation Studies as Topic, RNA, Viral, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Viral disease, Antibody, Algorithms, Hepatitis C virus, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Viremia, MESH: Algorithms, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Costs and Cost Analysis, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Flaviviridae, Predictive Value of Tests, Virology, Humans, Serologic Tests, MESH: Viremia, MESH: Hepatitis C, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Serologic Tests, Hepatitis C Antibodies, MESH: Cameroon, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Hepatitis C Antibodies, biology.protein, business
Abstract: International audience; Conventional tests for antibody to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV RNA require considerable time before results are available, remain very expensive and are not adapted to many sub-Saharan African countries where HCV is endemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of an algorithm consisting of two HCV rapid tests to diagnose and predict HCV viremia in patients in Cameroon. Three hundred and twenty nine plasma samples were screened by two HCV rapid tests (ImmunoComb II HCV, PBS Orgenics and Hexagon HCV, Human). Previous evaluation of these samples for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) by conventional third generation ELISA, considered as a reference test, indicated that 168 were anti-HCV negative and 161 positive. Among the 161 anti-HCV positive plasma, 114 (71%) were HCV RNA-positive by RT-PCR assay. The ImmunoComb II HCV test provided the more sensitive detection of anti-HCV (sensitivity: 99.4% with a 95% CI = 96-100%). Surprisingly, the second HCV rapid test, Hexagon HCV, showed a high capacity to identify non-viremic subjects amongst anti-HCV positive cases (93.6% [95% CI: 82-99%]). These results suggest an algorithm using ImmunoComb II HCV as a first test to screen anti-HCV positive subjects, and Hexagon HCV as a second test to discriminate between viremic and non-viremic HCV seropositive subjects.
Published: 2006
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22. SIV escape mutants in rhesus macaques vaccinated with NEF-derived lipopeptides and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac251

Author: Lorenzo Mortara, Hélène Gras-Masse, Franck Letourneur, Jean-Gérard Guillet, Isabelle Bourgault-Villada, Pascale Villefroy, Zoe Coutsinos, Christian Beyer, Bos, Mireille, Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: Simian immunodeficiency virus, MESH: Mutation, Lipoproteins, viruses, Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Viremia, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Epitope, Gene Products, nef, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, MESH: Macaca mulatta, Study Protocol, Virology, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: SAIDS Vaccines, HIV vaccine, MESH: Viremia, SAIDS Vaccines, Simian immunodeficiency virus, Viral Load, medicine.disease, MESH: Lipoproteins, Macaca mulatta, Vaccination, CTL, Infectious Diseases, Viral replication, MESH: RNA, Viral, Immunology, Mutation, RNA, Viral, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, MESH: Gene Products, nef, MESH: Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract: BackgroundEmergence of viral variants that escape CTL control is a major hurdle in HIV vaccination unless such variants affect gene regions that are essential for virus replication. Vaccine-induced multispecific CTL could also be able to control viral variants replication. To explore these possibilities, we extensively characterized CTL responses following vaccination with an epitope-based lipopeptide vaccine and challenge with pathogenic SIVmac251. The viral sequences corresponding to the epitopes present in the vaccine as well as the viral loads were then determined in every macaque following SIV inoculation.ResultsIn most cases, the emergence of several viral variants or mutants within vaccine CTL epitopes after SIV challenge resulted in increased viral loads except for a single macaque, which showed a single escape viral variant within its 6 vaccine-induced CTL epitopes.ConclusionThese findings provide a better understanding of the evolution of CD8+ epitope variations after vaccination-induced CTL expansion and might provide new insight for the development of an effective HIV vaccine.
Published: 2006
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23. In HIV type 1-infected children cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are associated with greater reduction of viremia under antiretroviral therapy

Author: Jérôme Le Chenadec, Nassima Bellal, Marianne Burgard, Florence Buseyne, Marie-Jeanne Mayaux, Christine Rouzioux, Stéphane Blanche, Yves Rivière, Immunopathologie Virale, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie, Démographie et Sciences Sociales: santé reproductive, sexualité et infection à VIH (Inserm U569), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infections à Vih, Réservoirs, Pharmacologie des Antirétroviraux et Prévention de la Transmission Mère Enfant, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Fédération de Pédiatrie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Epidémiologie, Démographie et Sciences Sociales: santé reproductive, sexualité et infection à VIH ( Inserm U569 ), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique ( IFR 69 ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut national d'études démographiques ( INED ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH : Viral Load, MESH : Child, Preschool, MESH: HIV-1, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, Cytotoxic T cell, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, Child, MESH : Longitudinal Studies, 0303 health sciences, MESH : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH : Infant, Viral Load, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Drug Therapy, Combination, Viral disease, MESH : Viremia, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, MESH : HIV-1, Combination therapy, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, Viremia, Biology, MESH : T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Virology, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, MESH : CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Humans, MESH: Viremia, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Adolescent, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Humans, MESH : Anti-HIV Agents, MESH : Drug Therapy, Combination, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, CTL, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, Cross-Sectional Studies, HIV-1, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, CD8, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract: The evolution of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response in patients receiving potent combination therapy has been well documented in adult patients. However, no study reported whether baseline HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response is linked to treatment outcome. The aims of this study were to investigate both the impact of baseline memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) on treatment outcome and the effect of potent therapy on memory HIV-specific CTL in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients. The study group comprised 30 children who started a first-line combination treatment including at least three drugs from two different classes and were longitudinally followed during treatment. Their memory HIV-specific responses were measured at baseline and during treatment, as well as their plasma viremia and CD4+ levels. The intensity of memory Gag-specific CTL and the breadth of the CTL response at the beginning of treatment were significantly correlated with lower plasma viral load during treatment, independently of baseline plasma viral load, CD4+ counts, and age. Children with partially controlled viral replication had enhanced Gag-specific CTL compared to their baseline value. This improvement of antiviral responses during treatment was not observed when viral replication was either fully suppressed or uncontrolled. In conclusion, our results show that higher baseline HIV-specific CTL are linked to lower viremia under combination therapy. This result adds further support to the hypothesis that cooperation between the antiviral immune response and antiviral drugs could be helpful for therapeutic management of HIV-infected patients.
Published: 2005
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24. Intrahepatic hepatitis C virus RNA quantification in microdissected hepatocytes

Author: Valérie Thiers, Rosella Tuveri, Jean Baptiste Trabut, Stanislas Pol, Anais Vallet, Brigitte Le Bail, Bertrand Nalpas, Christian Bréchot, Françoise Carnot, Oona Delpuech, Giorgio Ballardini, Giovanna Vona, Danielle Canioni, Carcinogenèse Hépatique et Virologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'anatomie pathologique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, and The study was supported by grants from Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche sur le Sida (ANRS, grant CNR-2001-14), from the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC) and from the European Community. Giovanna Vona and Oona Delpuech were supported by ANRS.
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Cirrhosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hepacivirus, MESH: Base Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, MESH: Hepatocytes, Liver disease, MESH: Hepacivirus, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Hepatitis C virus, Liver cell, Dissection, virus diseases, Middle Aged, MESH: Hepatitis C, Chronic, MESH: RNA, Viral, RNA, Viral, Female, Viral disease, Viral load, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Intrahepatic HCV, MESH: Dissection, medicine, Humans, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, Aged, Hepatitis, MESH: Humans, Hepatology, Base Sequence, MESH: Virus Replication, MESH: Adult, Hepatitis C Antibodies, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: Male, digestive system diseases, MESH: DNA, Viral, MESH: Hepatitis C Antibodies, DNA, Viral, Hepatocytes, Laser microdissection, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background/Aims: Debate continues on whether serum and intrahepatic HCV viral loads are correlated and if HCV viral load correlates with the severity of liver disease. These difficulties may at least in part be linked to liver cell heterogeneity, when total liver extracts from HCV-infected individuals are tested for HCV RNA quantification. We have therefore investigated the feasibility of quantifying HCV replication using a laser-based microdissection technique. Methods: We compared the results with those obtained for serum HCV RNA quantification and immunochemistry in the case of HCV antigen detection in the liver. Twenty-one HCV-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis ( n =10) or cirrhosis ( n =11) were analyzed. Results: A positive correlation ( P =0.0019) was observed between HCV RNA quantifications in sera and microdissected cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that HCV antigen hepatocytes were randomly distributed within liver lobules. Their percentage varied in different patients (0–40%), but did not correlate with the HCV viral load. Conclusions: We have designed a sensitive methodology to evaluate the intrahepatic HCV viral load by combining a standardized RNA quantification method with microdissected hepatocytes from frozen liver needle biopsies. Our results directly demonstrate a positive correlation between serum and intrahepatic viral loads, which therefore provides a reliable reflection of intrahepatic HCV replication.
Published: 2003
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25. Hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Yaounde, Cameroon: prevalence, viremia, and genotypes

Author: Njouom, Richard, Pasquier, Christophe, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Sandres-Sauné, Karine, Mfoupouendoun, Jermie, Mony Lobe, Marcel, Tene, Gilbert, Thonnon, Jocelyn, Izopet, Jacques, Nerrienet, Eric, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre Mère et Enfant, and Fondation Chantal Biya (FCB)
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Genotype, Hepacivirus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, MESH: Genotype, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH: Hepacivirus, Cameroon, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Prevalence, Phylogeny, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Hepatitis C, MESH: Humans, virus diseases, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cameroon, Hepatitis C Antibodies, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases, MESH: Hepatitis C Antibodies, MESH: RNA, Viral, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Viral Nonstructural Proteins, RNA, Viral, Female, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Central Africa is considered to be an area of high endemic hepatitis C infection. To determine the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies, HCV RNA, and the genotype distribution in Cameroon, 1,494 pregnant women attending antenatal care units in Yaounde, Cameroon were screened for HCV infection. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected with a 3rd generation ELISA (Monolisa anti-HCV plus version 2, BioRad, Richmond, CA). All anti-HCV antibody-positive sera were then tested with another 3rd generation ELISA (AxSYM) HCV version 3, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and subsequently for HCV RNA (Amplicor HCV, Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). Genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5b gene. Seventy-three pregnant women were found to be anti-HCV antibody positive by the first ELISA, but only 28 were anti-HCV positive by both ELISA. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was thus 1.9% (28/1,494) (95% CI: 1.3-2.7%). 21/28 (75%) of the positive samples by both ELISA were HCV RNA positive. The 45 samples that were HCV antibody negative by the second ELISA were also HCV RNA negative. The HCV subtypes identified were 1a (24%), 2f (38%) and 4f (38%). In contrast to previous studies, anti-HCV antibodies were rare among pregnant women in Cameroon. The percentage of HCV seropositive pregnant women who had circulating HCV RNA was similar to that observed in Europe. Several HCV genotypes were found in Cameroon.
Published: 2003
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26. AIDS: decline and fall of immune surveillance?

Author: Angela R McLean, Mark B. Feinberg, Office of AIDS research, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Dynamiques Lymphocytaires, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Biology, Virus Replication, MESH: Models, Immunological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MESH: HIV-1, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Cytotoxic T cell, Humans, Viremia, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, MESH: Viremia, Immunologic Surveillance, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Immunologic Surveillance, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 0303 health sciences, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Humans, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Mechanism (biology), MESH: Virus Replication, Models, Immunological, MESH: HIV Infections, medicine.disease, Immune surveillance, 3. Good health, MESH: RNA, Viral, Immunology, Disease Progression, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Disease Progression, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, 030215 immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract: Recent observations cast doubt on the view that cytotoxic T cells play a key role in keeping HIV-1 infection in check, and that it is the decline in this mechanism of immune surveillance that permits progression to AIDS.
Published: 1997
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27. Diversity of Trends of Viremia and T-Cell Markers in Experimental Acute Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Author: Sylvie Brunet, Hanane El Garch, René Ecochard, Sylvain Roche, Jean Iwaz, Philippe Vanhems, Hervé Poulet, Ambient computing and embedded systems (ACES), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Mérial [Lyon], Mérial, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Biostatistiques [Lyon], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique
Subjects: Male, Viral Diseases, Feline immunodeficiency virus, T-Lymphocytes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, 0403 veterinary science, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, CATS, T Cells, Infectious dose, Statistics, Animal Models, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 3. Good health, Titer, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline, Medicine, Female, MESH: Cats, Viral load, Research Article, Veterinary Medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, Immune Cells, Immunology, Viremia, Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline, Biostatistics, Biology, Microbiology, Veterinary Immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Species Specificity, Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH: Viremia, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, lcsh:R, MESH: Biological Markers, HIV, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Disease Models, Animal, Animal Models of Infection, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Cats, Clinical Immunology, Veterinary Science, lcsh:Q, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Female, Biomarkers, Mathematics, CD8
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: The early events of human immunodeficiency virus infection seem critical for progression toward disease and antiretroviral therapy initiation. We wanted to clarify some still unknown prognostic relationships between inoculum size and changes in various immunological and virological markers. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection could be a helpful model. METHODS: Viremia and T-cell markers (number of CD4, CD8, CD8β(low)CD62L(neg) T-cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, and percentage of CD8β(low)CD62L(neg) cells among CD8 T-cells) were measured over 12 weeks in 102 cats infected with different feline immunodeficiency virus strains and doses. Viremia and T-cell markers trajectory groups were determined and the dose-response relationships between inoculum titres and trajectory groups investigated. RESULTS: Cats given the same inoculum showed different patterns of changes in viremia and T-cell markers. A statistically significant positive dose-response relationship was observed between inoculum titre and i) viremia trajectory-groups (r = 0.80, p
Published: 2013
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28. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) late-mRNA detection in peripheral blood of AIDS patients: diagnostic value for HCMV disease compared with those of viral culture and HCMV DNA detection

Author: J M Salord, Christos Chouaid, Marie-Caroline Meyohas, C Duvivier, Jean-Claude Petit, O Picard, Joël Gozlan, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gozlan J, JM Salord, C Chouaïd, Duvivier C, O Picard, Meyohas MC, JC Petit ., and Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
Subjects: Male, Human cytomegalovirus, viruses, Cytomegalovirus, MESH: Base Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, law, Polymerase chain reaction, Viral culture, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Evaluation Studies as Topic, MESH: RNA, Viral, Cytomegalovirus Infections, MESH: Evaluation Studies as Topic, RNA, Viral, Female, Viral disease, Research Article, Adult, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Cytomegalovirus, Virus Cultivation, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Herpesviridae, MESH: Virus Cultivation, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Viremia, MESH: Viremia, MESH: RNA, Messenger, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Humans, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Base Sequence, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Cytomegalovirus Infections, medicine.disease, Virology, Reverse transcriptase, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Male, MESH: DNA, Viral, Viral replication, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, DNA, Viral, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) late mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of 102 human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. The clinical value of this new technique for the diagnosis of acute HCMV disease was evaluated in comparison with viral culture and direct amplification of viral DNA (PCR). The sensitivity of the RT-PCR was slightly lower than that of the two other methods, but its specificity was 94%, compared to 55 and 32% for culture and PCR, respectively. Transcription of this late mRNA is linked to viral replication, and its detection in PBL confirms that these cells can support a complete viral cycle. The relationship between complete replicative cycles and HCMV disease makes RT-PCR a useful clinical tool.
Published: 1993

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28 results on '"MESH: Viremia"'

1. Transient viral exposure drives functionally-coordinated humoral immune responses in HIV-1 post-treatment controllers

2. Reprogramming dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to promote properties associated with natural HIV control

3. Modeling intra-mosquito dynamics of Zika virus and its dose-dependence confirms the low epidemic potential of Aedes albopictus

4. Early Antiretroviral Therapy Prevents Viral Infection of Monocytes and Inflammation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques

5. Dengue viremia kinetics in asymptomatic and symptomatic infection

6. Impact of IFNL4 genetic variants on sustained virologic response and viremia in hepatitis C virus genotype 3 patients

7. Contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission

8. Cellular Determinants of HIV Persistence on Antiretroviral Therapy

9. Increased adaptive immune responses and proper feedback regulation protect against clinical dengue

10. Posttreatment controllers: what do they tell us?

11. Association between hepatitis E and neurological disorders: two case studies and literature review

12. Relationships between HIV disease history and blood HIV-1 DNA load in perinatally infected adolescents and young adults: The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study

13. Effectiveness and safety of saquinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected pregnant women: INEMA cohort

14. Effect of a short-term HAART on SIV load in macaque tissues is dependent on time of initiation and antiviral diffusion

15. Lentiviral vector-based prime/boost vaccination against AIDS: pilot study shows protection against Simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 challenge in macaques

16. Early and strong immune responses are associated with control of viral replication and recovery in lassa virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys

17. New strain of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 3 in a Pygmy from Cameroon with peculiar HTLV serologic results

18. Replication-competent HIV strains infect HIV controllers despite undetectable viremia (ANRS EP36 study)

19. Rapid induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies and viral clearance in a single-source outbreak of hepatitis C

20. Multiple organ failure during primary HIV infection

21. A cost-effective algorithm for the diagnosis of Hepatitis C virus infection and prediction of HCV viremia in Cameroon

22. SIV escape mutants in rhesus macaques vaccinated with NEF-derived lipopeptides and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac251

23. In HIV type 1-infected children cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are associated with greater reduction of viremia under antiretroviral therapy

24. Intrahepatic hepatitis C virus RNA quantification in microdissected hepatocytes

25. Hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Yaounde, Cameroon: prevalence, viremia, and genotypes

26. AIDS: decline and fall of immune surveillance?

27. Diversity of Trends of Viremia and T-Cell Markers in Experimental Acute Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

28. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) late-mRNA detection in peripheral blood of AIDS patients: diagnostic value for HCMV disease compared with those of viral culture and HCMV DNA detection

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