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8 results on '"MESH: Radio Waves"'

1. Study of narrow band millimeter-wave potential interactions with endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor genes

Author

Christophe Nicolas Nicolaz, Maxim Zhadobov, Ronan Sauleau, Daniel Thouroude, Yves Le Dréan, Armelle Ansart, Fabienne Desmots, Denis Michel, Interactions cellulaires et moléculaires (ICM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Radio Waves, Physiology, 02 engineering and technology, MESH: Heat-Shock Proteins, MESH: Radio Waves, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Spectral line, cellular stress, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, MESH: Animals, MESH: Stress, Physiological, Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP, Heat-Shock Proteins, 0303 health sciences, Specific absorption rate, General Medicine, Environmental exposure, 60 GHz, Telecommunications, ORP150/GRP170, Radio wave, Transcriptional Activation, MESH: Cell Line, Tumor, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Biophysics, Context (language use), Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, MESH: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, RNA, Messenger, BiP/GRP78, MESH: RNA, Messenger, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, biological effects, Endoplasmic reticulum, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Environmental Exposure, oxygen-induced absorption, frequency dependence, Extremely high frequency, MESH: Transcriptional Activation, Millimeter, MESH: Telecommunications
Abstract

International audience; The main purpose of this article is to study potential biological effects of low-power millimeter waves (MMWs) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle sensitive to a wide variety of environmental insults and involved in a number of pathologies. We considered exposure frequencies around 60 GHz in the context of their near-future applications in wireless communication systems. Radiations within this frequency range are strongly absorbed by oxygen molecules, and biological species have never been exposed to such radiations in natural environmental conditions. A set of five discrete frequencies has been selected; three of them coincide with oxygen spectral lines (59.16, 60.43, and 61.15 GHz) and two frequencies correspond to the spectral line overlap regions (59.87 and 60.83 GHz). Moreover, we used a microwave spectroscopy approach to select eight frequencies corresponding to the spectral lines of various molecular groups within 59-61 GHz frequency range. The human glial cell line, U-251 MG, was exposed or sham-exposed for 24 h with a peak incident power density of 0.14 mW/cm(2). The average specific absorption rate (SAR) within the cell monolayer ranges from 2.64 +/- 0.08 to 3.3 +/- 0.1 W/kg depending on the location of the exposed well. We analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the level of expression of two endogenous ER-stress biomarkers, namely, the chaperones BiP/GRP78 and ORP150/GRP170. It was found that exposure to low-power MMW does not significantly modify the mRNA levels of these stress-sensitive genes suggesting that ER homeostasis is not altered by low-power MMW at the considered frequencies.

Published
2009

2. Reducing contamination while closing the gap: BASSI RF pulses in PASL

Author

G. Bruce Pike, Jan M. Warnking, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and Dojat, Michel

Subjects
Adult, Radio Waves, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Bayes Theorem, MESH: Radio Waves, Imaging phantom, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Amplitude modulation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Flip angle, MESH: Spin Labels, Humans, Frequency offset, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Saturation (magnetic), MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, Spins, Sinc function, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Chemistry, Bayes Theorem, MESH: Adult, MESH: Blood Flow Velocity, MESH: Cerebrovascular Circulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Phantoms, Imaging, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Spin Labels, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Radio frequency, business, Blood Flow Velocity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Bandwidth-modulated selective saturation and inversion (BASSI) pulses are a class of frequency- and gradient-modulated radiofrequency (RF) pulses, derived from the hyperbolic secant pulse by temporal variation of the bandwidth parameter. These pulses afford optimal amplitude modulation, achieving uniform and highly selective profiles at any effective flip angle. In this paper, BASSI pulses are parameterized to obtain low RF energy pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) label pulses with minimal contamination of static spins outside the label region and highly selective PICORE/QUIPSS II saturation pulses allowing for small label gaps. They are compared to frequency offset corrected inversion (FOCI) label pulses and sinc saturation pulses in simulations and a phantom experiment. Drawing on the outstanding selectivity of bandwidth-modulated saturation pulses, a new noninvasive method to measure in vivo the contamination effects due to direct and indirect saturation of static spins by the label pulse is presented. In an in vivo study on four subjects, contamination effects in a QUIPSS II PASL implementation based on BASSI pulses are compared to those present in a state-of-the-art Q2TIPS sequence employing a FOCI label pulse. Residual contamination in the QUIPSS II/BASSI sequence is shown to be reduced by a factor of 3, compared to the Q2TIPS/FOCI sequence. In vivo human perfusion images obtained with a label gap of only 2 mm are presented.

Published
2006

3. Near-field dosimetry for in vitro exposure of human cells at 60 GHz

Author

Robin Augustine, Yves Le Dréan, Ronan Sauleau, Daniel Thouroude, Catherine Le Quément, Maxim Zhadobov, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Interactions cellulaires et moléculaires (ICM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Keratinocytes, Materials science, Physiology, Radio Waves, Biophysics, Near and far field, 02 engineering and technology, Effective radiated power, MESH: Radio Waves, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dosimetry, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Radiometry, Cells, Cultured, Power density, MESH: Humans, dosimetry, business.industry, Temperature, MESH: Radiometry, Specific absorption rate, 020206 networking & telecommunications, General Medicine, millimeter waves, MESH: Keratinocytes, MESH: Temperature, near-field exposure, Horn antenna, MESH: Wireless Technology, business, Wireless Technology, optimization, Radio wave, MESH: Cells, Cultured
Abstract

International audience; Due to the expected mass deployment of millimeter-wave wireless technologies, thresholds of potential millimeter-wave-induced biological and health effects should be carefully assessed. The main purpose of this study is to propose, optimize, and characterize a near-field exposure configuration allowing illumination of cells in vitro at 60 GHz with power densities up to several tens of mW/cm(2) . Positioning of a tissue culture plate containing cells has been optimized in the near-field of a standard horn antenna operating at 60 GHz. The optimal position corresponds to the maximal mean-to-peak specific absorption rate (SAR) ratio over the cell monolayer, allowing the achievement of power densities up to 50 mW/cm(2) at least. Three complementary parameters have been determined and analyzed for the exposed cells, namely the power density, SAR, and temperature dynamics. The incident power density and SAR have been computed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The temperature dynamics at different locations inside the culture medium are measured and analyzed for various power densities. Local SAR, determined based on the initial rate of temperature rise, is in a good agreement with the computed SAR (maximal difference of 5%). For the optimized exposure setup configuration, 73% of cells are located within the ±3 dB region with respect to the average SAR. It is shown that under the considered exposure conditions, the maximal power density, local SAR, and temperature increments equal 57 mW/cm(2) , 1.4 kW/kg, and 6 °C, respectively, for the radiated power of 425 mW.

Published
2012

4. Mapping of low flip angles in magnetic resonance

Author

Hervé Saint-Jalmes, Alejandro Bordelois Cayamo, Fabien Balezeau, Pierre-Antoine Eliat, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plate-forme Rennaise d'Imagerie et Spectroscopie Structurale et Métabolique (PRISM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centro de Biofisika Médica, Universidad de Oriente, CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Senhadji, Lotfi, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Radio transmitter design, Radio Waves, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, MESH: Probability, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Monte Carlo method, MESH: Monte Carlo Method, MESH: Radio Waves, Measure (mathematics), Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Image (mathematics), MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Flip angle, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Probability, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Linearity, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nonlinear system, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, business, Monte Carlo Method, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Radio wave
Abstract

International audience; Errors in the flip angle have to be corrected in many magnetic resonance imaging applications, especially for T1 quantification. However, the existing methods of B1 mapping fail to measure lower values of the flip angle despite the fact that these are extensively used in dynamic acquisition and 3D imaging. In this study, the nonlinearity of the radiofrequency (RF) transmit chain, especially for very low flip angles, is investigated and a simple method is proposed to accurately determine both the gain of the RF transmitter and the B1 field map for low flip angles. The method makes use of the spoiled gradient echo sequence with long repetition time (TR), such as applied in the double-angle method. It uses an image acquired with a flip angle of 90° as a reference image that is robust to B1 inhomogeneity. The ratio of the image at flip angle alpha to the image at a flip angle of 90° enables us to calculate the actual value of alpha. This study was carried out at 1.5 and 4.7 T, showing that the linearity of the RF supply system is highly dependent on the hardware. The method proposed here allows us to measure the flip angle from 1° to 60° with a maximal uncertainty of 10% and to correct T1 maps based on the variable flip angle method.

Published
2011

5. Risk of brain tumours in relation to estimated RF dose from mobile phones: results from five Interphone countries

Author

Lynne D. Richardson, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid, Alistair Woodward, Graham G. Giles, Rodrigo Villegas, Jordi Figuerola, Marie-Élise Parent, Daniel Krewski, Bruce K. Armstrong, Martine Hours, Julianne Brown, Avital Jarus-Hakak, L. Montestruq, Louise Nadon, Angela Chetrit, Chen Hoffmann, Siegal Sadetzki, Mary L. McBride, Joseph D. Bowman, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, University of Melbourne-School of Population Health, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center-Gertner Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], School of Population Health, University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Population health, Hospital Research Centre-University of Montreal, Funding for the Interphone Study was provided by the European Fifth Framework Program, 'Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources' (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563), the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers' Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the Interphone Study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed Interphone's complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at http://www.iarc.fr/en/research-groups/RAD/RCAd.html Specific additional funds were provided for the development and analysis of the radio frequency exposure gradient and by the Fondation Santé et Radiofréquences, France and the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Germany. The Australian centre was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (EME grant 219129), and BKA was supported by the University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant and Julianne Brown by an Australian Postgraduate Award. The Cancer Council NSW and the Cancer Council Victoria provided most of the infrastructure for the project in Australia. The Canada-Montréal data collection was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project MOP-42525). Additionally, Dr Siemiatycki's research team was partly funded by the Canada Research Chair programme and by the Guzzo-CRS Chair in Environment and Cancer. Dr. Parent had salary support from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. The other Canadian centres were supported by a universityeindustry partnership grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association. The CIHR universityeindustry partnerships program also includes provisions that ensure complete scientific independence of the investigators. DK is the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. Additional funding for the study in France was provided by l'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) (contract 5142) and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom). The funds provided by the operators represented 5% of the total cost of the French study and were governed by contracts guaranteeing the complete scientific independence of the investigators. In New Zealand, funding was provided by the Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation and the Cancer Society of New Zealand. The findings and conclusions in this paper have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.

Subjects
Oncology, Male, epidemiological study, MESH: Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Radio Waves, non-ionising radiation, MESH: Logistic Models, MESH: Meningioma, MESH: Radio Waves, MESH: Electromagnetic Fields, MESH: Glioma, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: New Zealand, MESH: Risk Factors, Mobile phones, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Middle Aged, ionising radiation, Brain Neoplasms, MESH: Israel, risk assessment, Brain, MESH: Case-Control Studies, RF exposure assessment, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, Original Article, epidemiology, Female, physics, Algorithms, electromagnetic fields, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Radiation Dosage, Rf exposure, MESH: Australia, MESH: Algorithms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Radiation Dosage, Meningioma, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Canada, Glioma, Internal medicine, medicine, cancer, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Meningeal Neoplasms, hygiene/occupational hygiene, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, Surgery, nervous system diseases, MESH: France, Increased risk, Multicenter study, MESH: Cellular Phone, business, MESH: Female, Cell Phone
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the associations of brain tumours with radio frequency (RF) fields from mobile phones. METHODS: Patients with brain tumour from the Australian, Canadian, French, Israeli and New Zealand components of the Interphone Study, whose tumours were localised by neuroradiologists, were analysed. Controls were matched on age, sex and region and allocated the 'tumour location' of their matched case. Analyses included 553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases and 1762 and 1911 controls, respectively. RF dose was estimated as total cumulative specific energy (TCSE; J/kg) absorbed at the tumour's estimated centre taking into account multiple RF exposure determinants. RESULTS: ORs with ever having been a regular mobile phone user were 0.93 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.18) for glioma and 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma. ORs for glioma were below 1 in the first four quintiles of TCSE but above 1 in the highest quintile, 1.35 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.90). The OR increased with increasing TCSE 7+ years before diagnosis (p-trend 0.01; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.47 in the highest quintile). A complementary analysis in which 44 glioma and 135 meningioma cases in the most exposed area of the brain were compared with gliomas and meningiomas located elsewhere in the brain showed increased ORs for tumours in the most exposed part of the brain in those with 10+ years of mobile phone use (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.13 to 6.94 for glioma). Patterns for meningioma were similar, but ORs were lower, many below 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: There were suggestions of an increased risk of glioma in long-term mobile phone users with high RF exposure and of similar, but apparently much smaller, increases in meningioma risk. The uncertainty of these results requires that they be replicated before a causal interpretation can be made.

Published
2011

6. Conduct of a personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurement study: proposed study protocol

Author

Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid, Simon Mann, Roger C Parslow, Katja Radon, Evelyn Mohler, Peter Gajsek, John Bolte, Martin Röösli, Joachim Schüz, Wout Joseph, Luc Martens, Gyoergy Thuroczy, Sabine Heinrich, Patrizia Frei, Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Georg Neubauer, Jean-François Viel, Maria Feychting, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Laboratory for Radiation Research, Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Safety & Security Department, Austrian Institute of Technology [Vienna] (AIT), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Institute of Environmental Health, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute of Non-ionizing Radiation, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of The Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Non-ionizing Radiation, National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Austrian Institute of Technology [Vienna] ( AIT ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Research design, Radio Waves, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Data management, Statistics as Topic, MESH : Statistics as Topic, MESH: Radiation, MESH: Radio Waves, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Medical Records, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Unit of observation, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, education.field_of_study, Radiation, MESH : Radiation, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, MESH: Research Design, MESH : Questionnaires, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Environmental exposure, MESH : Research Design, Knowledge base, Research Design, lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, MESH: Medical Records, animal structures, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Population, lcsh:RC963-969, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, MESH : Medical Records, Humans, MESH: Patient Selection, MESH: Geographic Information Systems, education, MESH: Statistics as Topic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MESH : Geographic Information Systems, Protocol (science), MESH: Humans, Data collection, business.industry, Patient Selection, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH : Humans, Methodology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Environmental Exposure, MESH : Patient Selection, Data science, MESH : Radio Waves, Geographic Information Systems, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH : Environmental Exposure
Abstract

Background The development of new wireless communication technologies that emit radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is ongoing, but little is known about the RF-EMF exposure distribution in the general population. Previous attempts to measure personal exposure to RF-EMF have used different measurement protocols and analysis methods making comparisons between exposure situations across different study populations very difficult. As a result, observed differences in exposure levels between study populations may not reflect real exposure differences but may be in part, or wholly due to methodological differences. Methods The aim of this paper is to develop a study protocol for future personal RF-EMF exposure studies based on experience drawn from previous research. Using the current knowledge base, we propose procedures for the measurement of personal exposure to RF-EMF, data collection, data management and analysis, and methods for the selection and instruction of study participants. Results We have identified two basic types of personal RF-EMF measurement studies: population surveys and microenvironmental measurements. In the case of a population survey, the unit of observation is the individual and a randomly selected representative sample of the population is needed to obtain reliable results. For microenvironmental measurements, study participants are selected in order to represent typical behaviours in different microenvironments. These two study types require different methods and procedures. Conclusion Applying our proposed common core procedures in future personal measurement studies will allow direct comparisons of personal RF-EMF exposures in different populations and study areas.

Published
2010

7. Cytogenetic Studies in Human Cells Exposed in vitro to GSM-900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation using R-banded Karyotype

Author

P. Leveque, Vanessa Joubert, B. Marin, Catherine Yardin, Alice Collin, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, Faraj Terro, OSA, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XLIM ( XLIM ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), and Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)

Subjects
Programmed cell death, Radio Waves, Somatic cell, DNA damage, Biophysics, MESH: Radio Waves, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, GSM frequency bands, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Chromosome Aberrations, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Amnion, MESH: Amnion, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Radiofrequency radiation, MESH: DNA Damage, Chromosome Aberrations, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, Radiation, Specific absorption rate, Karyotype, Molecular biology, In vitro, 3. Good health, MESH: Karyotyping, Karyotyping, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Cells, Cultured, DNA Damage
Abstract

International audience; It is important to determine the possible effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation on the genetic material of cells since damage to the DNA of somatic cells may be linked to cancer development or cell death and damage to germ cells may lead to genetic damage in next and subsequent generations. The objective of this study was to investigate whether exposure to radiofrequency radiation similar to that emitted by mobile phones of second-generation standard Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) induces genotoxic effects in cultured human cells. The cytogenetic effects of GSM-900 MHz (GSM-900) RF radiation were investigated using R-banded karyotyping after in vitro exposure of human cells (amniotic cells) for 24 h. The average specific absorption rate (SAR) was 0.25 W/kg. The exposures were carried out in wire-patch cells (WPCs) under strictly controlled conditions of temperature. The genotoxic effect was assessed immediately or 24 h after exposure using four different samples. One hundred metaphase cells were analyzed per assay. Positive controls were provided by using bleomycin. We found no direct cytogenetic effects of GSM-900 either 0 h or 24 h after exposure. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to study genotoxicity using complete R-banded karyotyping, which allows visualizing all the chromosomal rearrangements, either numerical or structural.

Published
2010

8. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons

Author

Catherine Yardin, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, Philippe Lévêque, Vanessa Joubert, OSA, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies (HCP), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Equipe de Recherche Médicale Appliquée (ERMA), and Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges

Subjects
MESH: Signal Transduction, Pathology, Radio Waves, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Neurons, Apoptosis, MESH: Radio Waves, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Caspase 3, Fluorescence microscope, MESH: Animals, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, Radiation, TUNEL assay, medicine.diagnostic_test, Caspase 3, Temperature, Apoptosis Inducing Factor, MESH: Temperature, Mitochondria, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Apoptosis-inducing factor, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Cells, Cultured, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Rats, MESH: Mitochondria, Biophysics, Biology, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, DAPI, Rats, Wistar, Fragmentation (cell biology), 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Apoptosis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Rats, Wistar, Molecular biology, Rats, MESH: Apoptosis Inducing Factor, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, chemistry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Joubert, V., Bourthoumieu, S., Leveque, P. and Yardin, C. Apoptosis is Induced by Radiofrequency Fields through the Caspase-Independent Mitochondrial Pathway in Cortical Neurons. Radiat. Res. 169, 38-45 (2008). In the present study, we investigated whether continuous-wave (CW) radiofrequency (RF) fields induce neuron apoptosis in vitro. Rat primary neuronal cultures were exposed to a CW 900 MHz RF field with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg for 24 h. During exposure, an increase of 2 degrees C was measured in the medium; control experiments with neurons exposed to 39 degrees C were then performed. Apoptosis was assessed by condensation of nuclei with 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining observed with an epifluorescence microscope and fragmentation of DNA with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analyzed by flow cytometry. A statistically significant difference in the rate of apoptosis was found in the RF-field-exposed neurons compared to the sham-, 37 degrees C- and 39 degrees C-exposed neurons either 0 or 24 h after exposure using both methods. To assess whether the observed apoptosis was caspase-dependent or -independent, assays measuring caspase 3 activity and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) labeling were performed. No increase in the caspase 3 activity was found, whereas the percentage of AIF-positive nuclei in RF-field-exposed neurons was increased by three- to sevenfold compared to other conditions. Our results show that, under the experimental conditions used, exposure of primary rat neurons to CW RF fields may induce a caspase-independent pathway to apoptosis that involves AIF.

Published
2008

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