Descriptor: "MESH: Influenza, Human" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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116 results on '"MESH: Influenza, Human"'

1. Association of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Pneumococcal Carriage, and Respiratory Viral Infections Among Children in France

Author: Alexis Rybak, Corinne Levy, François Angoulvant, Anne Auvrignon, Piotr Gembara, Kostas Danis, Sophie Vaux, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Sylvie van der Werf, Stéphane Béchet, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Zein Assad, Andréa Lazzati, Morgane Michel, Florentia Kaguelidou, Albert Faye, Robert Cohen, Emmanuelle Varon, Naïm Ouldali, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Health data- and model- driven Knowledge Acquisition (HeKA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and Pediatrics, Université de Montréal (UdeM), and This work was supported by funding from Pfizer (via ACTIV) for the pneumococcal carriage study, funding from the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (via the National Reference Center for Pneumococci) for the invasive pneumococcal disease study, and a 2021-2023 fellowship award from the European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Dr Ouldali).
Subjects: Male, MESH: Humans, MESH: Influenza, Human, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Infant, General Medicine, MESH: Infant, Pneumococcal Infections, MESH: Male, Cohort Studies, MESH: Viruses, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Child, Influenza, Human, Viruses, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: Pneumococcal Infections, Child, Pandemics, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Abstract: International audience; Key PointsQuestion Was the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and associated pneumococcal carriage and respiratory viral infections (RSVs) in children in France?Findings In this cohort study using interrupted time series analysis of data from multiple national surveillance systems involving 11 944 children, the incidence of pediatric IPD decreased after implementation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This decrease was associated with decreases in influenza and RSV cases, but the pneumococcal carriage rate remained stable.Meaning These results suggest that the established association between pneumococcal carriage and IPD was modified after viral epidemiological changes associated with NPIs, suggesting that interventions targeting respiratory viruses may help prevent a large proportion of pediatric IPD cases.AbstractImportance An association between pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been previously established. However, it is unclear whether the decrease in IPD incidence observed after implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with concomitant changes in pneumococcal carriage and respiratory viral infections.Objective To assess changes in IPD incidence after the implementation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine their temporal association with changes in pneumococcal carriage rate and respiratory viral infections (specifically respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] and influenza cases) among children in France.Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used interrupted time series analysis of data from ambulatory and hospital-based national continuous surveillance systems of pneumococcal carriage, RSV and influenza-related diseases, and IPD between January 1, 2007, and March 31, 2021. Participants included 11 944 children younger than 15 years in France.Exposures Implementation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and Measures The estimated fraction of IPD change after implementation of NPIs and the association of this change with concomitant changes in pneumococcal carriage rate and RSV and influenza cases among children younger than 15 years. The estimated fraction of change was analyzed using a quasi-Poisson regression model.Results During the study period, 5113 children (median [IQR] age, 1.0 [0.6-4.0] years; 2959 boys [57.9%]) had IPD, and 6831 healthy children (median [IQR] age, 1.5 [0.9-3.9] years; 3534 boys [51.7%]) received a swab test. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. After NPI implementation, IPD incidence decreased by 63% (95% CI, −82% to −43%; P
Published: 2022

2. Effectiveness of complete primary vaccination against COVID-19 at primary care and community level during predominant Delta circulation in Europe: multicentre analysis, I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC networks, July to August 2021

Author: Kissling, Esther, Hooiveld, Mariëtte, Martínez-Baz, Iván, Mazagatos, Clara, William, Naoma, Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Kooijman, Marjolein N, Ilić, Maja, Domegan, Lisa, Machado, Ausenda, de Lusignan, Simon, Lazar, Mihaela, Meijer, Adam, Brytting, Mia, Casado, Itziar, Larrauri, Amparo, Murray, Josephine-L K, Behillil, Sylvie, de Gier, Brechje, Mlinarić, Ivan, O'Donnell, Joan, Rodrigues, Ana Paula, Tsang, Ruby, Timnea, Olivia, de Lange, Marit, Riess, Maximilian, Castilla, Jesús, Pozo Sanchez, Francisco, Hamilton, Mark, Falchi, Alessandra, Knol, Mirjam J, Kurečić Filipović, Sanja, Dunford, Linda, Guiomar, Raquel, Cogdale, Jade, Cherciu, Carmen, Jansen, Tessa, Enkirch, Theresa, Basile, Luca, Connell, Jeff, Gomez, Verónica, Sandonis-Martin, Virginia, Bacci, Sabrina, Rose, Angela Mc, Pastore Celentano, Lucia, Valenciano, Marta, I-MOVE-COVID-19, ECDC primary care study teams, Conde-San Román, Patricia, Casas Flecha, Inmaculada, Oliva Dominguez, Jesus Angel, Delgado-Sanz, Concepcion, EpiConcept [Paris], Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research [Utrecht] (NIVEL), Navarra Institute for Health Research / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA)-Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV)-Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Public Health Scotland [Glasgow], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Croatian Institute of Public Health [Zagreb] (CIPH), Health Service Executive [Dublin] (HSE), Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), University of Oxford, Cantacuzino Institute [Romania], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Public Health Agency of Sweden, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie des ARN et virus influenza - RNA Biology of Influenza Virus (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), UK Health Security Agency [London] (UKHSA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC primary care study team Katica Čusek Adamić, Ivana Ferenčak, Bernard Kaić, Mirjana Lana Kosanović Ličina, Danijela Lakošeljac, Ivana Mihin Huskić, Diana Nonković, Nick Andrews, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Joanna Ellis, Heather Whitaker, Thierry Blanchon, Caroline Guerrisi, Titouan Launay, Shirley Masse, Sylvie van der Werf, Vincent Enouf, John Cuddihy, Lois O'Connor, Adele McKenna, Michael Joyce, Cillian de Gascun, Joanne Moran, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Susan J Hahné, Hester E de Melker, Ewout B Fanoy, Stijn Raven, Marit Middeldorp, Irina Kislaya, Baltazar Nunes, Rita Roquete, Adriana Silva, Aryse Melo, Inês Costa, Nuno Verdasca, Patrícia Conde, Amélia Soeiro, Maria Elena Mihai, Iulia Bistriceanu, Alina Ivanciuc, Diana Dintoi, Catalina Pascu, Adrian Jidovu, Debbie Sigerson, Diogo Fp Marques, Anna Molesworth, Leanne Quinn, Miranda Leyton, Selin Campbell, Janine Thoulass, Jim McMenamin, Inmaculada Casas Flecha, Ana Martínez Mateo, Daniel Castrillejo, Eva María Martínez Ochoa, Carmen Quiñones Rubio, Concepción Delgado-Sanz, Jesús Oliva, Ana Miqueleiz, Ana Navascués, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Carmen Ezpeleta, Paula López Moreno, Javier Gorricho, Eva Ardanaz, Fernando Baigorria, Aurelio Barricarte, Cristina Burgui, Enrique de la Cruz, Nerea Egüés, Manuel García Cenoz, Marcela Guevara, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Carmen Sayón, Pasi Penttinen, Christiana Carstairs, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Subjects: Test-negative design, RM, Delta variant, COVID-19 Vaccines, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Multicentre study, Influenza, Human/prevention & control, MESH: Primary Health Care, Europe/epidemiology, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Virology, Influenza, Human, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19/epidemiology, Vaccine effectiveness, QR355, MESH: Humans, Primary Health Care, vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, test-negative design, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, MESH: Vaccination, NIS, multicentre study, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Europe, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-COV-2, vaccine efffectiveness, MESH: Europe, QR355 Virology
Abstract: Introduction In July and August 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant dominated in Europe. Aim Using a multicentre test-negative study, we measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection. Methods Individuals with COVID-19 or acute respiratory symptoms at primary care/community level in 10 European countries were tested for SARS-CoV-2. We measured complete primary course overall VE by vaccine brand and by time since vaccination. Results Overall VE was 74% (95% CI: 69–79), 76% (95% CI: 71–80), 63% (95% CI: 48–75) and 63% (95% CI: 16–83) among those aged 30–44, 45–59, 60–74 and ≥ 75 years, respectively. VE among those aged 30–59 years was 78% (95% CI: 75–81), 66% (95% CI: 58–73), 91% (95% CI: 87–94) and 52% (95% CI: 40–61), for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria, Spikevax and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively. VE among people 60 years and older was 67% (95% CI: 52–77), 65% (95% CI: 48–76) and 83% (95% CI: 64–92) for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax, respectively. Comirnaty VE among those aged 30–59 years was 87% (95% CI: 83–89) at 14–29 days and 65% (95% CI: 56–71%) at ≥ 90 days between vaccination and onset of symptoms. Conclusions VE against symptomatic infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant varied among brands, ranging from 52% to 91%. While some waning of the vaccine effect may be present (sample size limited this analysis to only Comirnaty), protection was 65% at 90 days or more between vaccination and onset.
Published: 2022

3. Electrostatic wipes as simple and reliable methods for influenza virus airborne detection

Author: Régis Aubry, A. Debernardi, Catherine Chirouze, N. Magy-Bertrand, Kevin Bouiller, J.L. Prétet, L. Puget, Quentin Lepiller, Solène Marty-Quinternet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Static Electricity, Air Microbiology, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, MESH: Limit of Detection, Influenza virus A, 030501 epidemiology, Airborne detection, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Air Microbiology, Limit of Detection, Influenza, Human, Patients' Rooms, medicine, Humans, Electrostatic wipes, MESH: Static Electricity, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae, Detection limit, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, SIMPLE (military communications protocol), 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Patients' Rooms, Reproducibility of Results, virus diseases, RNA, General Medicine, Orthomyxoviridae, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Virus detection, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, 0305 other medical science, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; The performance of an in-house protocol for virus detection on commercialized electrostatic wipes (EWs) was assessed experimentally by impregnating them with suspensions of cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and influenza virus, and by determining the recovery efficiency, repeatability, and detection limit of the protocol. The protocol was sensitive enough to detect 4 log10 gene copies of virus. At room temperature, influenza RNA was stable on EWs for at least four days. When EWs were placed high in 32 influenza-infected patients' rooms, influenza RNA was detectable in 75% (N = 24) of EWs, suggesting that EWs are simple and reliable methods for influenza virus airborne detection.
Published: 2021

4. Influenza and COVID‐19: What does co‐existence mean?

Author: Arnold S. Monto, Jean-Michel Heraud, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Aeron C. Hurt, Yuelong Shu, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, John S. Tam, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health [Bangkok], Nordsjællands Hospital [Hillerød, Denmark], University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Veterinary Medicine [Hannover], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Telemedicine, Invited Review Article, COVID-19/diagnosis, Epidemiology, Emerging technologies, 030312 virology, SARS‐CoV‐2, 03 medical and health sciences, antivirals, COVID‐19, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Influenza, Human, Health care, Pandemic, clinical management, medicine, Humans, Coinfection/epidemiology, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, Human/diagnosis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, Coinfection, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, MESH: Coinfection, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Infectious disease (medical specialty), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, surveillance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Business, Medical emergency, influenza, Contact tracing
Abstract: International audience; The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to have a major impact on healthcare and social systems throughout the world. As the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 have many parallels with influenza, it is important to ensure optimal management of both respiratory diseases as we anticipate their continued co-circulation. In particular, there is a need to ensure that effective surveillance and diagnostic capacities are in place to monitor these and other respiratory viruses, as this will underpin decisions on the appropriate clinical management of the respective diseases. As such, we propose a series of key recommendations for stakeholders, public health authorities, primary care physicians and surveillance bodies that will help mitigate the combined risks of concurrent influenza epidemics and the COVID-19 pandemic. We advocate the judicious use of influenza vaccines and antivirals, particularly among groups at high risk of complications, with healthcare workers also considered a priority for vaccination. It is likely that the increased use of emerging technologies such as telemedicine and contact tracing will permanently change our approach to managing infectious disease. The use of these technologies, alongside existing pharmaceutical strategies, will ensure that we achieve a holistic approach to the global public health measures needed to deal with the combined threat of influenza and COVID-19. Ensuring that this approach is optimal will be key as we move from a reactive pandemic response towards preparing for the long-term management of the remarkable clinical burden associated with these respiratory pathogens.
Published: 2020

5. In-hospital and midterm out-hospital complications of adults hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus infection in France, 2017-2019: an observational study

Author: Alexandre Descamps, Nadhira Fidouh, Anne-Sophie L’Honneur, Bruno Lina, N. Lenzi, Gisèle Lagathu, Odile Launay, Corinne Merle, Fabrice Carrat, Z. Lesieur, F. Galtier, Selilah Amour, Paul Loubet, Xavier Duval, Vincent Foulongne, Philippe Vanhems, Fabrice Lainé, CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), CIC Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Saint Eloi (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques (VBIC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-CHU Saint-Eloi-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Montpellier, Jonchère, Laurent, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aftercare, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, MESH: Hospitalization, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Virus, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, MESH: Aftercare, MESH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, Humans, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, Poisson regression, MESH: Hospital Mortality, Respiratory system, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Patient Discharge, virus diseases, MESH: Adult, MESH: Hospitals, Intensive care unit, Hospitals, Patient Discharge, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Hospitalization, 030228 respiratory system, symbols, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Observational study, Complication, business
Abstract: ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among adults hospitalised with influenza-like illness (ILI) and compared against patients admitted for influenza.MethodsAdults hospitalised with ILI were prospectively included from five French university hospitals over two consecutive winter seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019). RSV and influenza virus were detected by multiplex reverse transcription PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. RSV-positive patients were compared to RSV-negative and influenza-positive hospitalised patients. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) associated with in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes between RSV and influenza infections. The in-hospital outcome was a composite of the occurrence of at least one complication, length of stay ≥7 days, intensive care unit admission, use of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death. Post-discharge outcome included 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality and 90-day readmission rates.ResultsOverall, 1428 hospitalised adults with ILI were included. RSV was detected in 8% (114 of 1428) and influenza virus in 31% (437 of 1428). Patients hospitalised with RSV were older than those with influenza (mean age 73.0 versus 68.8 years, p=0.015) with a higher frequency of chronic respiratory or cardiac disease (52% versus 39%, p=0.012, and 52% versus 41%, p=0.039, respectively) and longer hospitalisation duration (median stay 8 versus 6 days, pversus 66%, pConclusionRSV infection results in serious respiratory illness, with worse in-hospital outcomes than influenza and with similar midterm post-discharge outcomes.
Published: 2022

6. Covid-19 pandemic: an opportunity to seize to increase awareness and vaccine coverage in at-risk populations

Author: Paul Loubet, Albert Sotto, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses (VBMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Réseau Innovative Clinical Research in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), and Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie
Subjects: MESH: Pneumococcal Vaccines, MESH: Pandemics, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Population, Severe influenza, Pneumococcal Vaccines, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Influenza, Human, Pandemic, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, MESH: COVID-19, In patient, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Pandemics, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, COVID-19, MESH: Vaccination, Middle Aged, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Risk perception, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Pneumococcal vaccine, Influenza Vaccines, Commentary, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: International audience; We aimed to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the risk perception and attitudes concerning influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in an at-risk population. We performed an online survey between July 29th and October 12th 2020 in patients at risk of severe influenza and/or pneumococcal disease recruited from Ipsos internal panel or through AVNIR (Associations VacciNation Immunodéprimées Réalité), a group of patient associations. Among the 2177 respondents, 1350 were female (62%), median age was 58 years (IQR 47-69), 62% were immunocompromised. In total, 86% of respondents declared being favorable to vaccination in general and felt at high-risk of more severe forms of Covid-19 (81%), pneumococcal disease (76%) and influenza (74%). More than half (52%, 388/746) of patients were eager to be vaccinated annually against influenza for the next 2020/2021 season and pneumococcal disease in the future: 62% (376/606). In this sample of patients at-risk of severe forms of influenza, pneumococcal diseases and Covid-19, the self-perception of risk for these three diseases and positive opinion on vaccination in general were high. It is very likely that the pandemic will lead to an increase in influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage in this at-risk population.
Published: 2021

7. Influenza vaccination coverage at community pharmacies: Positioning, needs, expectations and involvement of community pharmacists in the Franche-Comté region

Author: Virginie Nerich, A. Bendjama, Xavier Bertrand, K. Kabiche, Anne-Laure Clairet, Marie Kroemer, Samuel Limat, Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Pharmacists, Vaccination Coverage, health care facilities, manpower, and services, Pharmacists, MESH: Immunization Programs, Health Services Accessibility, Surveys and Questionnaires, health care economics and organizations, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Health Services Accessibility, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, MESH: Vaccination Coverage, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Continuous training, MESH: Community Pharmacy Services, 3. Good health, Community pharmacist, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Health, Vaccination coverage, Female, France, medicine.medical_specialty, education, MESH: Motivation, Pharmacist, Context (language use), Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy Services, Patient care, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Real interest rate, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Pharmacies, Pharmacies, Community pharmacies, Motivation, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Immunization Programs, MESH: Vaccination, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Family medicine, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Introduction Influenza vaccination coverage currently remains below the 75% recommended threshold by the World Health Organization. To correct this situation, experiments have been successively carried out in France to enable community pharmacists to vaccinate at-risk populations. In this context, a study was conducted with pharmacists from the French Franche-Comte region to evaluate their positioning, needs and expectations regarding influenza vaccination at community pharmacies. Materials and methods A survey was created and sent to licensed pharmacists in March of 2018. This consisted of 4 parts: characteristics of the community pharmacy; positioning of the pharmacist regarding vaccinations carried out at the pharmacy; training needs and expectations; and willingness to implement vaccinations. Results The participation rate in this survey was 32% (137/427). More than 90% of the pharmacists agreed that community pharmacies’ assets were adequate for the implementation of these vaccinations (accessibility and availability), although 52% considered this complicated. Their main fears were reluctance from patients and conflicts of interest with other health professionals authorized to vaccinate (58%). The needs and expectations regarding pharmacy student training were essential for 94% of them as well as continuous training of practicing pharmacists (96%). The willingness of pharmacists to vaccinate stemmed from the fact that influenza vaccination coverage would increase for at-risk subjects (36%). Conclusion This survey allowed us to assess the favorable positioning and the real interest of pharmacists from Franche-Comte regarding the influenza vaccination done at community pharmacies, given the proviso that they were given relevant training and allocated adequate resources.
Published: 2021

8. Comparative global epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, 2010–2015

Author: Matti Waris, Aripuana Watanabe, Darmaa Badarch, Inspire, H. Lee, Hamid Jalal, Jen Kok, Alice Kabanda, Yang Liu, Pieter L. A. Fraaij, Steven J. Drews, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, André Corriveau, Marion Koopmans, Theo P. Sloots, Sarah Tozer, Ghassan Dbaibo, Jean-Michel Heraud, Florence Lai, Julian W. Tang, Hassan Zaraket, Kok Keng Tee, Mel Krajden, Lance C. Jennings, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Hidekazu Nishimura, Dominic E. Dwyer, Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Evelyn Sc Koay, Todd F Hachette, Paul K.S. Chan, Pediatrics, Virology, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester, University of Leicester, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Children’s Health Queensland [Brisbane] (CHQ), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Alberta, Dalhousie University [Halifax], The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], National University of Singapore (NUS), National University Hospital [Singapore] (NUH), University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], University of Turku, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), British Colombia Centre for Disease Control [Vancouver] (BCCDC), Government of the Northwest Territories [Yellowknife, Canada], Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Trust, Sendai Medical Center, National Center for Communicable Disease [Mongolia] (NCCD), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), National Reference Laboratory [Kigali, Rwanda], Westmead Hospital [Sydney], The University of Sydney, and ST was supported by the Children's Hospital Foundation Sakzewski Translational Research grant (no. 10416). TL was supported by Theme-based Research Scheme (T11-705/14-N) from University Grants Committee of the HKSAR.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, viruses, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Social responsibility, MESH: Africa, Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, MESH: Influenza B virus, Asia, Southeastern, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Paramyxoviridae Infections, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Influenza, Human, Incidence, Global, 3. Good health, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Influenza A virus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Seasons, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Social distancing, 030106 microbiology, MESH: Influenza A virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Biology, Virus, Respirovirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Middle East, Influenza activity, Face mask, Incidence data, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Kuala lumpur, MESH: Australasia, MESH: Humans, Australasia, Tropics, COVID-19, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Seasonality, Virology, MESH: North America, Out of phase, Influenza B virus, MESH: Respirovirus, MESH: Middle East, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Multiple sampling, MESH: Paramyxoviridae Infections, Africa, North America, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Influenza virus, MESH: Seasons
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesTo improve our understanding of the global epidemiology of common respiratory viruses by analysing their contemporaneous incidence at multiple sites.Methods2010–2015 incidence data for influenza A (IAV), influenza B (IBV), respiratory syncytial (RSV) and parainfluenza (PIV) virus infections were collected from 18 sites (14 countries), consisting of local (n = 6), regional (n = 9) and national (n = 3) laboratories using molecular diagnostic methods. Each site submitted monthly virus incidence data, together with details of their patient populations tested and diagnostic assays used.ResultsFor the Northern Hemisphere temperate countries, the IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks were 2–6 months out of phase with those in the Southern Hemisphere, with IAV having a sharp out-of-phase difference at 6 months, whereas IBV and RSV showed more variable out-of-phase differences of 2–6 months. The tropical sites Singapore and Kuala Lumpur showed fluctuating incidence of these viruses throughout the year, whereas subtropical sites such as Hong Kong, Brisbane and Sydney showed distinctive biannual peaks for IAV but not for RSV and PIV.ConclusionsThere was a notable pattern of synchrony of IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks globally, and within countries with multiple sampling sites (Canada, UK, Australia), despite significant distances between these sites.
Published: 2019

9. Indirect protection from vaccinating children against influenza in households

Author: Vicky J. Fang, Benjamin J. Cowling, Ranawaka A.P.M. Perera, Gabriel M. Leung, J S Malik Peiris, Hau Chi So, Tim K. Tsang, Simon Cauchemez, Dennis K. M. Ip, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (CNRS-UMR2000), This study was supported by the Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases of the Health, Welfare and Food Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government (grant CHP-CE-03), the Theme-based Research Scheme project no. T11-705/14N from the Hong Kong Government, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant U54 GM088558 to the Harvard Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics to B.J.C, MIDAS initiative grant 1U01GM110721-01 to S.C., and U54 GM111274-01 to Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases to T.K.T.), L’Oreal Hong Kong (research scholarship to T.K.T), the Laboratory of Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (research funding to S.C.), and AXA Research Fund to S.C., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Randomized controlled trial, law, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], MESH: Child, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine, Child, lcsh:Science, MESH: Influenza B virus, Family Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Influenza Vaccines, Child, Preschool, Hong Kong, 0210 nano-technology, MESH: Hong Kong, Adolescent, Influenza vaccine, Science, Disease cluster, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Influenza, Human, MESH: Family Characteristics, Humans, MESH: Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Extramural, Family characteristics, MESH: Child, Preschool, General Chemistry, MESH: Vaccination, Vaccine efficacy, Influenza B virus, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, business
Abstract: Vaccination is an important intervention to prevent influenza virus infection, but indirect protection of household members of vaccinees is not fully known. Here, we analyze a cluster household randomized controlled trial, with one child in each household randomized to receive influenza vaccine or placebo, for an influenza B epidemic in Hong Kong. We apply statistical models to estimate household transmission dynamics and quantify the direct and indirect protection of vaccination. Direct vaccine efficacy was 71%. The infection probability of unvaccinated household members in vaccinated households was only 5% lower than in control households, because only 10% of infections are attributed to household transmission. Even when that proportion rises to 30% and all children are vaccinated, we predict that the infection probability for unvaccinated household members would only be reduced by 20%. This suggests that benefits of individual vaccination remain important even when other household members are vaccinated., Relevance of indirect protection of household members of vaccinees is unclear. Here, Tsang et al. quantify the direct and indirect protection of vaccination in a randomized controlled trial and show that benefits of individual vaccination remain important even when other household members are vaccinated.
Published: 2019

10. Influenza A virus co-opts ERI1 exonuclease bound to histone mRNA to promote viral transcription

Author: Cyril Barbezange, Sylvie van der Werf, Yves Jacob, Caroline Demeret, Elise Biquand, Natalia Pietrosemoli, Marwah Karim, Marion Declercq, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) [278433-PREDEMICS: Preparedness, Prediction and Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Viruses with Pandemic Potential using Multidisciplinary Approaches], LabEx Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases [10-LABX-0062], Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de Technologie [PhD fellowships from Université Paris Diderot/Université de Paris to M.D. and E.B.], Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale [Programme Fin de thèse FDT201805005278 to M.D.], Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [665850 to M.K.]. Funding for open access charge: Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR3569 CNRS, Université de Paris, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 278433,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-two-stage,PREDEMICS(2011), European Project: 665850,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014,INSPIRE(2015), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Transcription, Genetic, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, RNA Stability, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virus Replication, medicine.disease_cause, Histones, Transcription (biology), Exoribonuclease, MESH: RNA, Small Interfering, Influenza A virus, RNA, Small Interfering, Ribonucleoprotein, SLBP, MESH: Histones, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Influenza, Human, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Nuclear Proteins, MESH: RNA Stability, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Ribonucleoproteins, MESH: RNA, Viral, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Exoribonucleases, RNA, Viral, MESH: mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors, Exonuclease, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, Cell Line, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza, Human, Genetics, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: RNA, Messenger, mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors, Messenger RNA, MESH: Humans, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Virus Replication, RNA, MESH: Viral Proteins, MESH: Cell Line, MESH: Ribonucleoproteins, Exoribonucleases, biology.protein, MESH: Nuclear Proteins
Abstract: Cellular exonucleases involved in the processes that regulate RNA stability and quality control have been shown to restrict or to promote the multiplication cycle of numerous RNA viruses. Influenza A viruses are major human pathogens that are responsible for seasonal epidemics, but the interplay between viral proteins and cellular exonucleases has never been specifically studied. Here, using a stringent interactomics screening strategy and an siRNA-silencing approach, we identified eight cellular factors among a set of 75 cellular proteins carrying exo(ribo)nuclease activities or involved in RNA decay processes that support influenza A virus multiplication. We show that the exoribonuclease ERI1 interacts with the PB2, PB1 and NP components of the viral ribonucleoproteins and is required for viral mRNA transcription. More specifically, we demonstrate that the protein-protein interaction is RNA dependent and that both the RNA binding and exonuclease activities of ERI1 are required to promote influenza A virus transcription. Finally, we provide evidence that during infection, the SLBP protein and histone mRNAs co-purify with vRNPs alongside ERI1, indicating that ERI1 is most probably recruited when it is present in the histone pre-mRNA processing complex in the nucleus.
Published: 2020

11. Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses

Author: Sopheaktra Ros, Richard J. Webby, Trushar Jeevan, A. E. Metlin, Songha Tok, Paul F. Horwood, Sareth Rith, Phalla Y, Thomas P. Fabrizio, Erik A. Karlsson, Philippe Buchy, Annika Suttie, Patrick Seiler, Philippe Dussart, Srey Viseth Horm, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), James Cook University (JCU), St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Federation University [Churchill, Australia], GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines [Singapore], GlaxoSmithKline [Headquarters, London, UK] (GSK), and The study was partially funded by the US Agency for International Development [grant number AID-442-G-14-00005]. This work was also partially supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under CEIRS contract no. HHSN272201400006C.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, viruses, MESH: Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Ferrets, Drug Discovery, ducks, MESH: Ducks, MESH: Animals, Clade, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Phylogeny, Virulence, Transmission (medicine), poultry, MESH: Influenza, Human, transmission, MESH: Chickens, virus diseases, General Medicine, H5N1, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Original Article, Cambodia, Research Article, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Biology, Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Species Specificity, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Virology, Influenza, Human, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, avian, MESH: Cambodia, Influenza A/H5N1, Pathogenicity, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds, Parasitology, Chickens, ferrets
Abstract: International audience; Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3.2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3.2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3.2.1c virus is more "avian-like," with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings.
Published: 2020

12. Molecular basis of host-adaptation interactions between influenza virus polymerase PB2 subunit and ANP32A

Author: Elise Delaforge, Damien Maurin, Sigrid Milles, Nicola Salvi, Martin Blackledge, Stephen Cusack, Darren J. Hart, Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen, Aldo Camacho Zarco, Sissy Kalayil, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL), HFSP fellowship LT001544/2017, ANR-10-INBS-0005,FRISBI,Infrastructure Française pour la Biologie Structurale Intégrée(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), and European Project: 796490
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, General Physics and Astronomy, Virus Replication, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Avian Proteins, Heterotrimeric G protein, MESH: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Influenza A virus, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, Polymerase, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], biology, Chemistry, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, Nuclear Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, 3. Good health, Cell biology, MESH: Birds, MESH: Protein Domains, Host adaptation, MESH: RNA Replicase, Protein Binding, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Science, Protein subunit, 010402 general chemistry, Intrinsically disordered proteins, Article, Virus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Avian Proteins, Birds, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein Domains, Species Specificity, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Influenza, Human, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Protein Binding, MESH: Species Specificity, Binding site, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, MESH: Virus Replication, General Chemistry, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, MESH: Viral Proteins, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 0104 chemical sciences, MESH: RNA-Binding Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds, Mutation, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Influenza virus, Solution-state NMR, MESH: Nuclear Proteins
Abstract: Avian influenza polymerase undergoes host adaptation in order to efficiently replicate in human cells. Adaptive mutants are localised on the C-terminal (627-NLS) domains of the PB2 subunit. In particular, mutation of PB2 residue 627 from E to K rescues polymerase activity in mammalian cells. A host transcription regulator ANP32A, comprising a long C-terminal intrinsically disordered domain (IDD), is responsible for this adaptation. Human ANP32A IDD lacks a 33 residue insertion compared to avian ANP32A, and this deletion restricts avian influenza polymerase activity. We used NMR to determine conformational ensembles of E627 and K627 forms of 627-NLS of PB2 in complex with avian and human ANP32A. Human ANP32A IDD transiently binds to the 627 domain, exploiting multivalency to maximise affinity. E627 interrupts the polyvalency of the interaction, an effect compensated by an avian-unique motif in the IDD. The observed binding mode is maintained in the context of heterotrimeric influenza polymerase, placing ANP32A in the immediate vicinity of known host-adaptive PB2 mutants., Avian influenza polymerase undergoes host adaptation in order to efficiently replicate in human cells. Here, the authors use NMR spectroscopy and quantitative ensemble modelling to describe the highly dynamic assemblies formed by the human-adapted or avian-adapted C-terminal domains with the respective ANP32A host proteins.
Published: 2020

13. Minimal transmission in an influenza A (H3N2) human challenge-transmission model within a controlled exposure environment

Author: Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S., Killingley, Ben, Enstone, Joanne, Hewitt, Michael, Pantelic, Jovan, Grantham, Michael L., Bueno de Mesquita, P. Jacob, Lambkin-Williams, Robert, Gilbert, Anthony, Mann, Alexander, Forni, John, Noakes, Catherine J., Levine, Min Z., Berman, LaShondra, Lindstrom, Stephen, Cauchemez, Simon, Bischoff, Werner, Tellier, Raymond, Milton, Donald K., for the EMIT Consortium, Palese, Peter, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, hVIVO [London], University of Leeds, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Imperial College London, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], This work was supported by U.S. CDC, Cooperative Agreement: Grant Number 1U01P000497-01. This work was also supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS)., and EMIT Consortium Team Members : Walt Adamson, Blanca Beato-Arribas, Werner Bischoff, William Booth, Simon Cauchemez, Sheryl Ehrman, Joanne Enstone, Neil Ferguson, John Forni, Anthony Gilbert, Michael Grantham, Lisa Grohskopf, Andrew Hayward, Michael Hewitt, Ashley Kang, Ben Killingley, Robert Lambkin-Williams, Alex Mann, Donald Milton, Jonathan Nguyen-Van-Tam, Catherine Noakes, John Oxford, Massimo Palmarini, Jovan Pantelic, and Jennifer Wang. The Scientific Advisory Board members were: Allan Bennett, Ben Cowling, Arnold Monto, and Raymond Tellier.
Subjects: Male, RNA viruses, Face shield, Viral Diseases, Influenza Viruses, Atmospheric Science, business.product_category, Pulmonology, Fevers, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Serology, law.invention, MESH: Aerosols, Medical Conditions, Randomized controlled trial, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], law, Pandemic, Influenza A Virus, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, Medicine, Infection control, Transmission risks and rates, Biology (General), Materials, Volunteer, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Influenza, Human, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, H3N2 Subtype, Physical Sciences, Viruses, Pneumonia & Influenza, Female, Pathogens, Infection, Human, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, EMIT Consortium, Materials Science, Immunology, Environment controlled, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Microbiology, Respiratory Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, Meteorology, Signs and Symptoms, Clinical Research, Large droplet, Internal medicine, Virology, Influenza, Human, Genetics, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Aerosols, SARS, MESH: Humans, Biology and life sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Prevention, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Organisms, Humidity, Influenza a, RC581-607, MESH: Male, Influenza, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mixtures, Respiratory Infections, Earth Sciences, Parasitology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Clinical Medicine, business, MESH: Female, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Uncertainty about the importance of influenza transmission by airborne droplet nuclei generates controversy for infection control. Human challenge-transmission studies have been supported as the most promising approach to fill this knowledge gap. Healthy, seronegative volunteer ‘Donors’ (n = 52) were randomly selected for intranasal challenge with influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2). ‘Recipients’ randomized to Intervention (IR, n = 40) or Control (CR, n = 35) groups were exposed to Donors for four days. IRs wore face shields and hand sanitized frequently to limit large droplet and contact transmission. One transmitted infection was confirmed by serology in a CR, yielding a secondary attack rate of 2.9% among CR, 0% in IR (p = 0.47 for group difference), and 1.3% overall, significantly less than 16% (p, Author summary Understanding the relative importance of influenza modes of transmission informs strategic use of preventive measures to reduce influenza risk in high-risk settings such as hospitals and is important for pandemic preparedness. Given the increasing evidence from epidemiological modelling, exhaled viral aerosol, and aerobiological survival studies supporting a role for airborne transmission and the potential benefit of respirators (and other precautions designed to prevent inhalation of aerosols) versus surgical masks (mainly effective for reducing exposure to large droplets) to protect healthcare workers, more studies are needed to evaluate the extent of risk posed airborne versus contact and large droplet spray transmission modes. New human challenge-transmission studies should be carefully designed to overcome limitations encountered in the current study. The low secondary attack rate reported herein also suggests that the current challenge-transmission model may no longer be a more promising approach to resolving questions about transmission modes than community-based studies employing environmental monitoring and newer, state-of-the-art deep sequencing-based molecular epidemiological methods.
Published: 2020

14. Mapping influenza activity in emergency departments in France using Bayesian model‐based geostatistics

Author: Camille Pelat, Céline Caserio-Schönemann, Juliette Paireau, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Isabelle Pontais, Yann Le Strat, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], This work was supported by the LabEx 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IBEID)' (Grant Number ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, MESH: Topography, Medical, spatial analysis, Epidemiology, Computer science, geographic mapping, MESH: Bayes Theorem, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Multivariate normal distribution, Bayesian inference, Generalized linear mixed model, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Public health surveillance, Kriging, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Influenza, Human, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, MESH: Influenza, Human, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bayes Theorem, Original Articles, Random effects model, public health surveillance, 3. Good health, Data set, MESH: France, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Emergency Service, Hospital, Original Article, Topography, Medical, France, influenza, Emergency Service, Hospital, Cartography
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundMaps of influenza activity are important tools to monitor influenza epidemics and inform policymakers. In France, the availability of a high-quality data set from the Oscour® surveillance network, covering 92% of hospital emergency department (ED) visits, offers new opportunities for disease mapping. Traditional geostatistical mapping methods such as Kriging ignore underlying population sizes, are not suited to non-Gaussian data and do not account for uncertainty in parameter estimates.ObjectiveOur objective was to create reliable weekly interpolated maps of influenza activity in the ED setting, to inform Santé publique France (the French national public health agency) and local healthcare authorities.MethodsWe used Oscour® data of ED visits covering the 2016-2017 influenza season. We developed a Bayesian model-based geostatistical approach, a class of generalized linear mixed models, with a multivariate normal random field as a spatially autocorrelated random effect. Using R-INLA, we developed an algorithm to create maps of the proportion of influenza-coded cases among all coded visits. We compared our results with maps obtained by Kriging.ResultsOver the study period, 45 565 (0.82%) visits were coded as influenza cases. Maps resulting from the model are presented for each week, displaying the posterior mean of the influenza proportion and its associated uncertainty. Our model performed better than Kriging.ConclusionsOur model allows producing smoothed maps where the random noise has been properly removed to reveal the spatial risk surface. The algorithm was incorporated into the national surveillance system to produce maps in real time and could be applied to other diseases.
Published: 2018

15. Avian influenza in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2003–2018

Author: Andrew R. Greenhill, Ian G. Barr, Annika Suttie, Paul F. Horwood, Erik A. Karlsson, Yi-Mo Deng, Philippe Dussart, Aeron C. Hurt, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Federation University [Churchill, Australia], The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-The Royal Melbourne Hospital, James Cook University (JCU), and AS is funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship and a Faculty of Science and Technology Research Scholarship from Federation University Australia.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Avian, Range (biology), animal diseases, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Prevalence, Myanmar, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, Zoonosis, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Zoonoses, Influenza A virus, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Clade, Socioeconomics, MESH: Phylogeny, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, Thailand, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, Laos, MESH: Birds, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cambodia, MESH: Zoonoses, Microbiology (medical), 030106 microbiology, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, Microbiology, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Influenza, Human, Genetics, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mekong, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Outbreak, medicine.disease, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds
Abstract: International audience; The persistent circulation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is an ongoing problem for many countries in South East Asia, causing large economic losses to both the agricultural and health sectors. This review analyses AIV diversity, evolution and the risk of AIV emergence in humans in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (excluding China). The analysis was based on AIV sequencing data, serological studies, published journal articles and AIV outbreak reports available from January 2003 to December 2018. All countries of the GMS have suffered losses due repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 that has also caused human cases in all GMS countries. In Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam AIV outbreaks in domestic poultry have also been caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6. A diverse range of low pathogenic AIVs (H1-H12) have been detected in poultry and wild bird species, though surveillance for and characterization of these subtypes is limited. Subtype H3, H4, H6 and H11 viruses have been detected over prolonged periods; whilst H1, H2, H7, H8, H10 and H12 viruses have only been detected transiently. H9 AIVs circulate endemically in Cambodia and Vietnam with seroprevalence data indicating human exposure to H9 AIVs in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As surveillance studies focus heavily on the detection of H5 AIVs in domestic poultry further research is needed to understand the true level of AIV diversity and the risk AIVs pose to humans in the GMS.
Published: 2019

16. Prediction of Asthma Hospitalizations for the Common Cold Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study

Author: Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Anna Bedbrook, Aram Anto, Jean Bousquet, Vesa Jormanainen, Alberto Freitas, Josep M. Antó, Jaana I. Halonen, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Tari Haahtela, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, João Fonseca, HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki, Herrada, Anthony, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], MASK-air, Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: MESH: Search Engine, MESH: Asthma, Google trends, Time series analysis, Health Informatics, MESH: Hospitalization, Infodemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Influenza, Human, Common cold, Humans, Medicine, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Trial registration, 030304 developmental biology, Asthma, Hospitalizations, Original Paper, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, Main diagnosis, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, medicine.disease, Hospitalization, Search Engine, EXACERBATIONS, Search terms, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, INFECTIONS, 13. Climate action, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Mobile phone, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, MESH: Common Cold, Demography
Abstract: Background In contrast to air pollution and pollen exposure, data on the occurrence of the common cold are difficult to incorporate in models predicting asthma hospitalizations. Objective This study aims to assess whether web-based searches on common cold would correlate with and help to predict asthma hospitalizations. Methods We analyzed all hospitalizations with a main diagnosis of asthma occurring in 5 different countries (Portugal, Spain, Finland, Norway, and Brazil) for a period of approximately 5 years (January 1, 2012-December 17, 2016). Data on web-based searches on common cold were retrieved from Google Trends (GT) using the pseudo-influenza syndrome topic and local language search terms for common cold for the same countries and periods. We applied time series analysis methods to estimate the correlation between GT and hospitalization data. In addition, we built autoregressive models to forecast the weekly number of asthma hospitalizations for a period of 1 year (June 2015-June 2016) based on admissions and GT data from the 3 previous years. Results In time series analyses, GT data on common cold displayed strong correlations with asthma hospitalizations occurring in Portugal (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.73), Spain (ρ=0.82-0.84), and Brazil (ρ=0.77-0.83) and moderate correlations with those occurring in Norway (ρ=0.32-0.35) and Finland (ρ=0.44-0.47). Similar patterns were observed in the correlation between forecasted and observed asthma hospitalizations from June 2015 to June 2016, with the number of forecasted hospitalizations differing on average between 12% (Spain) and 33% (Norway) from observed hospitalizations. Conclusions Common cold–related web-based searches display moderate-to-strong correlations with asthma hospitalizations and may be useful in forecasting them.
Published: 2021

17. Does seasonal vaccination affect the clinical presentation of influenza among the elderly? A cross-sectional analysis in the outpatient setting in France, 2003–2014

Author: Bruno Lina, Anne Mosnier, Sylvie van der Werf, Saverio Caini, Isabelle Daviaud, Jean Cohen, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Hervé Berche, Open Rome, Réseau des Groupes Régionaux d'Observation de la Grippe, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, myalgia, Cross-sectional study, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Elderly, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Outpatients, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Illness severity, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Influenza vaccine, MESH: Influenza, Human, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Respiratory infection, Orthomyxoviridae, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Molecular Medicine, Female, France, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Immunology and Microbiology(all), Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, Humans, Aged, MESH: Humans, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, veterinary(all), Influenza, MESH: Male, Confidence interval, MESH: Outpatients, MESH: France, Cross-Sectional Studies, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Vaccine-induced protection against influenza is not optimal, however it has been suggested that the vaccine may reduce the severity of symptoms among those who develop illness despite being vaccinated. We tested this hypothesis within a countrywide, sentinel general practitioners-based surveillance system in France. We included 2277 individuals aged 65years or older (of whom 1293 had been vaccinated against influenza, 56.8%) who consulted a general practitioner because of an acute respiratory infection (ARI) during 2003-2014. All patients were taken a nasopharyngeal swab, and information was collected on demographic characteristics and symptoms at disease onset. All specimens were tested for respiratory viruses and, if positive for influenza, the virus type and subtype were determined. We compared the average maximum temperature and the frequency of each symptom, between non-vaccinated and vaccinated influenza patients. We then used logistic regression models to calculate the odds of presenting with each symptom between vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated patients, adjusting by age group, virus (sub)type and season. Overall, 675 ARI patients (29.6%) tested positive for influenza. The A(H3) virus caused the majority of cases (55.1%), followed by influenza B (22.9%), A not-subtyped (11.7%), and A(H1) (10.3%) viruses. Compared to non-vaccinated influenza patients, those who had been vaccinated had a slightly reduced maximum temperature and presented less frequently with myalgia, shivering and headache. In stratified analyses, the observed effect was limited to patients infected with A(H3) or type B viruses. After adjusting by age group, virus (sub)type and season, the difference remained statistically significant only for headache, which was less frequent among vaccinated individuals (odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence intervals 0.48-0.98). In conclusion, the vaccine was found to be modestly associated with less severe clinical presentation of influenza among the elderly. Our findings reinforce the need for influenza vaccines providing better protection.
Published: 2017

18. Seroprevalence and Transmission of Human Influenza A(H5N1) Virus before and after Virus Reassortment, Cambodia, 2006–2014

Author: Philippe Buchy, Kunthy Nguon, Philippe Dussart, Beat Richner, Sowath Ly, Kunthea Oeung, Denis R. St. Laurent, Amy Parry, Sirenda Vong, Siam Chan, Paul F. Horwood, Arnaud Tarantola, Sopheak Sorn, Sareth Rith, Phalla Y, Reiko Tsuyuoka, Malen Chan, Sovann Ly, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Health [Phnom Penh], World Health Organization [Phnom Penh] (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Kantha Bopha Hospitals Foundation, GSK Vaccines R&D, and This work was funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services (grant no. IDSEP 110011-01-00).
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Reassortment, highly pathogenic, lcsh:Medicine, avian influenza virus, Seroprevalence and Transmission of Human Influenza A(H5N1) Virus before and after Virus Reassortment, Cambodia, 2006–2014, medicine.disease_cause, seroepidemiologic study, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Poultry, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Animals, Geography, Medical, Clade, humans, seroprevalence, Transmission (medicine), poultry, MESH: Influenza, Human, Dispatch, transmission, virus diseases, 3. Good health, H5N1 virus, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Reassortant Viruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cambodia, MESH: History, 21st Century, influenza, Reassortant Viruses, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030106 microbiology, Biology, History, 21st Century, H5N1 genetic structure, Virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, MESH: Geography, Medical, Influenza, Human, medicine, Animals, Seroprevalence, viruses, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, MESH: Cambodia, lcsh:R, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds, reassortment
Abstract: International audience; Thirty-five human influenza A(H5N1) cases were reported in Cambodia during 2013-2014 after emergence of a clade 1.1.2 reassortant virus. We tested 881 villagers and found 2 cases of pauci- or asymptomatic infection. Seroprevalence after emergence of the reassortant strain (0.2%) was lower than the aggregate seroprevalence of 1.3% reported in earlier studies.
Published: 2017

19. Baseline characteristics and clinical symptoms related to respiratory viruses identified among patients presenting with influenza-like illness in primary care

Author: M. Valette, Clément Turbelin, S van der Werf, Sylvie Behillil, Bruno Lina, Lisandru Capai, Cécile Souty, Ana-Maria Vilcu, Shirley Masse, Thierry Blanchon, Alessandra Falchi, Isabelle Bonmarin, Thomas Hanslik, C. Pino, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Virologie [HCL, Lyon] (Institut des Agents Infectieux), Hospices civils de Lyon (HCL)-HCL Groupement Hospitalier Nord [Lyon]-Centre National de Reference des virus des Infections Respiratoires France Sud [HCL, Lyon], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Service de Médecine Interne [AP-HP Hôpital Ambroise Paré], Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 634446 to conduct the study in individuals aged 65 years or older and from Santé publique France, the national public health agency in France., European Project: 634446,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,I-MOVE-plus(2015), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Rhinovirus, viruses, MESH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, medicine.disease_cause, Logistic regression, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Nasopharynx, MESH: Metapneumovirus, MESH: Child, Influenza-like illness, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae, MESH: Aged, Surveillance, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Rhinovirus, biology, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Age Factors, virus diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Orthomyxoviridae, Primary care, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Baseline characteristics, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Seasons, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Virus, Article, MESH: Primary Health Care, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Human metapneumovirus, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, Respiratory viruses, MESH: Humans, Primary Health Care, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Respiratory infections, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, Influenza, MESH: Male, MESH: Nasopharynx, respiratory tract diseases, MESH: France, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, MESH: Respiratory Tract Infections, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Metapneumovirus, business, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: We aimed to identify patients' clinical characteristics associated with respiratory viruses identified among patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI).Methods: A sample of patients of all ages presenting with ILI was included by physicians of the French Sentinelles network during two seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17). Nasopharyngeal samples were tested for the presence of influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Patients' characteristics associated with each of the four virus classes were studied using multivariate logistic regressions.Results: A total of 5859 individuals were included in the study: 48.0% tested positive for IV, 7.9% for HRV, 7.5% for RSV and 4.1% for HMPV. Cough was associated with IV (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.81–2.52) RSV (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.75–3.74) and HMPV detection (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.40–3.45). Rhinorrhoea was associated mainly with HRV detection (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.34–2.32). Headache was associated with IV detection (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.34–2.32), whereas absence of headache was associated with RSV and HMPV detection. Dyspnoea was associated with RSV detection (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.73–3.12) and absence of dyspnoea with IV detection. Conjunctivitis was associated with IV detection (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50). Some associations were observed only in children: dyspnoea and cough with RSV detection (age
Published: 2019

20. Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses

Author: Paul F. Horwood, Erik A. Karlsson, Yi-Mo Deng, Andrew R. Greenhill, Annika Suttie, Philippe Dussart, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Federation University [Churchill, Australia], The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-The Royal Melbourne Hospital, James Cook University (JCU), This publication is the result, in part, of work conducted under a cooperative agreement with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), grant number IDSEP140020-01-00 awarded to Dr. Philippe Dussart and Dr. Erik Karlsson. Its contents and conclusions are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of HHS. Annika Suttie is funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship and a Faculty of Science and Technology Research Scholarship from Federation University. The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health., and The authors would like to thank all of the members of the Influenza Team in the Virology Unit at the Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, as well as at the WHO Collaborating Center and Peter Doherty Institute at the University of Melbourne for their insightful discussions and input.
Subjects: animal diseases, Avian influenza, Molecular marker, MESH: Genetic Markers, medicine.disease_cause, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype, Poultry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Medical microbiology, MESH: Poultry, Zoonoses, Pandemic, MESH: Animals, Risk assessment, 0303 health sciences, Review Paper, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype, MESH: Drug Resistance, Viral, Zoonotic Infection, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, General Medicine, 3. Good health, MESH: Birds, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Zoonoses, Genetic Markers, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Pandemics, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Sequencing data, Biology, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Virology, Drug Resistance, Viral, Influenza, Human, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular inventory, Molecular Biology, Pandemics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030306 microbiology, Pathogenicity, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, chemistry, Influenza in Birds, Mutation, Influenza virus
Abstract: International audience; Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing sustained human-to-human infection; however, AIVs are still a high risk as future pandemic strains, especially if they acquire further mutations that facilitate human infection and/or increase pathogenesis. Molecular characterization of sequencing data for known genetic markers associated with AIV adaptation, transmission, and antiviral resistance allows for fast, efficient assessment of AIV risk. Here we summarize and update the current knowledge on experimentally verified molecular markers involved in AIV pathogenicity, receptor binding, replicative capacity, and transmission in both poultry and mammals with a broad focus to include data available on other AIV subtypes outside of A/H5N1 and A/H7N9.
Published: 2019

21. Emergence of Influenza A(H7N4) Virus, Cambodia

Author: Yi-Mo Deng, Wantanee Kalpravidh, Ian G. Barr, Paul F. Horwood, Filip Claes, Miguel L. Grau, Matthew Kay, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, Kristina Osbjer, Erik A. Karlsson, Phillipe Dussart, Annika Suttie, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity [Melbourne], The Royal Melbourne Hospital-University of Melbourne, Monash University [Melbourne], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), James Cook University (JCU), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Phnom Penh] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Work at Institut Pasteur in Cambodia was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services (grant no. IDSEP 140020-01-00, and The investigators thank everyone on the Influenza Team in the Virology Unit at Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC) who contributed to this study, including Viseth Srey Horm, Songha Tok, Phalla Y, Ponnarath Keo, Sereyrath Sun, Sonita Kol, Chiva Sum, Sarath Sin, Kim Lay Chea, and Sokhoun Yann. In addition, we thank Veasna Duong. We also thank all of the support teams at IPC, including the drivers and facilities personnel who make these studies possible, as well as all the local teams, epidemiologists, veterinary officers, and other staff from the National Health and Production Research Institute. We also thank everyone from the regional and country Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) offices, especially Makara Hak and Aurelie Brioudes.
Subjects: Epidemiology, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, live poultry markets, zoonotic infection, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, subtype A/H7N4, influenza virus, 0302 clinical medicine, Influenza A virus, MESH: Ducks, MESH: Animals, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, whole genome sequencing, Phylogenetic tree, Zoonotic Infection, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, influenza surveillance, H7N4, MESH: China, 3. Good health, phylogenetics, Infectious Diseases, Ducks, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cambodia, Microbiology (medical), China, Lineage (genetic), 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, MESH: Poultry Diseases, Virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Similarity (network science), MESH: Influenza in Birds, Phylogenetics, Influenza, Human, medicine, Research Letter, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Poultry Diseases, Emergence of Influenza A(H7N4) Virus, Cambodia, Whole genome sequencing, MESH: Humans, MESH: Cambodia, lcsh:R, Virology, Influenza in Birds
Abstract: International audience; Active surveillance in high-risk sites in Cambodia has iden- tified multiple low-pathogenicity influenza A(H7) viruses, mainly in ducks. None fall within the A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) lineage; however, some A(H7) viruses from 2018 show temporal and phylogenetic similarity to the H7N4 virus that caused a nonfatal infection in Jiangsu Province, China, in December 2017.
Published: 2019

22. Improved inference of time-varying reproduction numbers during infectious disease outbreaks

Author: E. Miguel, Elisabeth Dahlqwist, Anne Cori, Zhian N. Kamvar, Thibaut Jombart, Jake Stockwin, Jonathan A. Polonsky, Justin Lessler, Simon Cauchemez, Robin N Thompson, S. Li, R.D. van Gaalen, P.A. Demarsh, Medical Research Council (MRC), National Institute for Health Research, University of Oxford [Oxford], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Imperial College London, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Public Health Agency of Canada, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Hackout 3 meeting at the Institute for Data Science (University of California Berkeley) was funded by the NIHR Modelling Methodology Health Protection Research Unit (Imperial College London) and the MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling (Imperial College London). Additional funding for JES was obtained through the RECON project at the NIHR Modelling Methodology Health Protection Research Unit (Imperial College London). RNT thanks Christ Church (University of Oxford) for funding his research via a Junior Research Fellowship. SC acknowledges financial support from the AXA Research Fund, the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005). AC acknowledges joint centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and Department for International Development, as well as funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), University of Oxford, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, R software, Time Factors, Epidemiology, Computer science, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, Reproduction number, Basic Reproduction Number, Inference, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Parameter inference, Disease Outbreaks, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, Serial interval, RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Disease control, Statistics, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Mathematical modelling, SERIAL INTERVALS, MESH: Influenza, Human, Uncertainty, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MOUTH EPIDEMIC, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, MESH: Uncertainty, Infectious disease epidemiology, TRANSMISSION, FOOT, 030231 tropical medicine, Microbiology, Article, EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Ebola virus, MESH: Humans, Science & Technology, REAL-TIME, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, 1103 Clinical Sciences, INFLUENZA-A H1N1, MESH: Basic Reproduction Number, Infectious disease (medical specialty), RISK-FACTORS, Parasitology
Abstract: Highlights • Real-time estimation of reproduction numbers during outbreaks can guide control. • Using up-to-date serial interval data and accounting for imported cases is vital. • We develop a framework for estimating pathogen transmissibility appropriately. • We demonstrate it using data from outbreaks of influenza, Ebola and MERS. • Our approach is implemented in R package EpiEstim and online application EpiEstim App., Accurate estimation of the parameters characterising infectious disease transmission is vital for optimising control interventions during epidemics. A valuable metric for assessing the current threat posed by an outbreak is the time-dependent reproduction number, i.e. the expected number of secondary cases caused by each infected individual. This quantity can be estimated using data on the numbers of observed new cases at successive times during an epidemic and the distribution of the serial interval (the time between symptomatic cases in a transmission chain). Some methods for estimating the reproduction number rely on pre-existing estimates of the serial interval distribution and assume that the entire outbreak is driven by local transmission. Here we show that accurate inference of current transmissibility, and the uncertainty associated with this estimate, requires: (i) up-to-date observations of the serial interval to be included, and; (ii) cases arising from local transmission to be distinguished from those imported from elsewhere. We demonstrate how pathogen transmissibility can be inferred appropriately using datasets from outbreaks of H1N1 influenza, Ebola virus disease and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome. We present a tool for estimating the reproduction number in real-time during infectious disease outbreaks accurately, which is available as an R software package (EpiEstim 2.2). It is also accessible as an interactive, user-friendly online interface (EpiEstim App), permitting its use by non-specialists. Our tool is easy to apply for assessing the transmission potential, and hence informing control, during future outbreaks of a wide range of invading pathogens.
Published: 2019

23. Circulation and characterization of seasonal influenza viruses in Cambodia, 2012‐2015

Author: Savuth Chin, Yi-Mo Deng, Phalla Y, Sareth Rith, Srey Viseth Horm, Erik A. Karlsson, Amy Parry, Philippe Dussart, Chau Darapheak, Naomi Komadina, Sovann Ly, Ian G. Barr, Seng Heng, David Saunders, Reiko Tsuyouka, Philippe Buchy, Vanra Ieng, Aeron C. Hurt, Paul F. Horwood, Borann Sar, Kim Lay Chea, Lon Chanthap, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), James Cook University (JCU), Ministry of Health [Phnom Penh], National Institute of Public Health [Phnom Penh, Cambodge], Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Phnom Penh], Embassy of the United States of America, World Health Organization [Phnom Penh] (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Monash University [Melbourne], GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines [Singapore], GlaxoSmithKline [Headquarters, London, UK] (GSK), and The study was funded by the World Health Organization office in Cambodia.
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Seasonal influenza, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Influenza A virus, Child, MESH: Influenza B virus, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Drug Resistance, Viral, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Middle Aged, influenza B virus, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, A(H1N1)pdm09, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, surveillance, MESH: Sentinel Surveillance, Original Article, Female, Seasons, Cambodia, A(H3N2), MESH: Whole Genome Sequencing, medicine.drug, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, MESH: Antiviral Agents, Oseltamivir, Adolescent, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, Antiviral Agents, Virus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Zanamivir, Drug Resistance, Viral, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, influenza A virus, Respiratory samples, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Whole Genome Sequencing, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Antiviral resistance, Infant, Influenza a, MESH: Adult, Original Articles, Virology, MESH: Male, chemistry, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Background: Influenza virus circulation is monitored through the Cambodian in- fluenza-like illness (ILI) sentinel surveillance system and isolates are characterized by the National Influenza Centre (NIC). Seasonal influenza circulation has previ- ously been characterized by year-round activity and a peak during the rainy season (June-November).Objectives: We documented the circulation of seasonal influenza in Cambodia for 2012-2015 and investigated genetic, antigenic, and antiviral resistance characteris- tics of influenza isolates.Patients/Methods: Respiratory samples were collected from patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) at 11 hospitals throughout Cambodia. First-line screen- ing was conducted by the National Institute of Public Health and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences. Confirmation of testing and genetic, anti- genic and antiviral resistance characterization was conducted by Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, the NIC. Additional virus characterization was conducted by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (Melbourne, Australia).Results: Between 2012 and 2015, 1,238 influenza-positive samples were submitted to the NIC. Influenza A(H3N2) (55.3%) was the dominant subtype, followed by in- fluenza B (30.9%; predominantly B/Yamagata-lineage) and A(H1N1)pdm09 (13.9%). Circulation of influenza viruses began earlier in 2014 and 2015 than previously de- scribed, coincident with the emergence of A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a, respec- tively. There was high diversity in the antigenicity of A(H3N2) viruses, and to a smaller extent influenza B viruses, during this period, with some mismatches with the north- ern and southern hemisphere vaccine formulations. All isolates tested were suscepti- ble to the influenza antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir.Conclusions: Seasonal and year-round co-circulation of multiple influenza types/sub- types were detected in Cambodia during 2012-2015.
Published: 2019

24. Quantifying within-host diversity of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and poultry in Cambodia

Author: Sareth Rith, Thomas C. Friedrich, Yongmei Liu, Paul F. Horwood, Louise H. Moncla, Erik A. Karlsson, Srey Viseth Horm, Philippe Dussart, Hongbo Zhu, Lifeng Li, Trevor Bedford, Philippe Buchy, Yi Guan, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), University of Washington [Seattle], Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines [Singapore], GlaxoSmithKline [Headquarters, London, UK] (GSK), Shantou University [Shantou, China], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center [Madison, WI] (WNPRC), James Cook University (JCU), and The study was funded by the US Agency for International Development (grant No. AID-442-G-14-00005).
Subjects: Pulmonology, Gene Identification and Analysis, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Poultry, Negative selection, MESH: Animals, Biology (General), H5N1 virus, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Influenza, Human, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Microbial Mutation, Eukaryota, virus diseases, H5N1, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cell Binding, Cell Physiology, QH301-705.5, Immunology, Microbiology, Deep sequencing, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Molecular Biology, Mutation Detection, Medicine and health sciences, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030306 microbiology, Organisms, Viral replication, Evolutionary biology, Fowl, Influenza in Birds, Mutation, Parasitology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RNA viruses, animal diseases, Waterfowl, Adaptive potential, Animal Phylogenetics, medicine.disease_cause, Data sequences, Zoonoses, Influenza A virus, MESH: Ducks, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Data Management, Medical microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Ducks, Viruses, Vertebrates, Pathogens, Cambodia, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Biology, Birds, Single infection, Genetic drift, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Virology, Influenza, Human, medicine, Influenza viruses, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology, Biology and life sciences, MESH: Cambodia, Viral pathogens, Cell Biology, RC581-607, MESH: Viral Proteins, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Viral Replication, Microbial pathogens, Amniotes, Respiratory Infections, Zoology, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) periodically cross species barriers and infect humans. The likelihood that an AIV will evolve mammalian transmissibility depends on acquiring and selecting mutations during spillover, but data from natural infection is limited. We analyze deep sequencing data from infected humans and domestic ducks in Cambodia to examine how H5N1 viruses evolve during spillover. Overall, viral populations in both species are predominated by low-frequency (5% frequency within-host. However, short infection times, genetic drift, and purifying selection likely restrict their ability to evolve extensively during a single infection. Applying evolutionary methods to sequence data, we reveal a detailed view of H5N1 virus adaptive potential, and develop a foundation for studying host-adaptation in other zoonotic viruses., Author summary H5N1 avian influenza viruses can cross species barriers and cause severe disease in humans. H5N1 viruses currently cannot replicate and transmit efficiently among humans, but animal infection studies and modeling experiments have suggested that human adaptation may require only a few mutations. However, data from natural spillover infection has been limited, posing a challenge for risk assessment. Here, we analyze a unique dataset of deep sequence data from H5N1 virus-infected humans and domestic ducks in Cambodia. We find that well-known markers of human receptor binding and replication arise in multiple, independent humans. We also find that 3 mutations detected within-host are enriched along phylogenetic branches leading to human infections, suggesting that they are likely human-adapting. However, we also show that within-host evolution in both humans and ducks are shaped heavily by purifying selection and genetic drift, and that a large fraction of within-host variation is never detected on the H5N1 phylogeny. Taken together, our data show that H5N1 viruses do generate human-adapting mutations during natural infection. However, short infection times, purifying selection, and genetic drift may severely limit how much H5N1 viruses can evolve during the course of a single infection.
Published: 2019
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25. Influenza epidemics observed in primary care from 1984 to 2017 in France: A decrease in epidemic size over time

Author: Souty, Cécile, Amoros, Philippe, Falchi, Alessandra, Capai, Lisandru, Bonmarin, Isabelle, van der Werf, Sylvie, Masse, Shirley, Turbelin, Clément, Rossignol, Louise, Vilcu, Ana‐Maria, Lévy‐Bruhl, Daniel, Lina, Bruno, Minodier, Laëtitia, Dorléans, Yves, Guerrisi, Caroline, Hanslik, Thomas, Blanchon, Thierry, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], We thank all general practitioners and paediatricians participating in the French Sentinelles network., Santé publique France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN ((U-Pasteur_ 2 / UMR_3569)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR)
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Vaccination Coverage, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, MESH: Incidence, Child, Letter to the Editor, MESH: Aged, influenza‐like illness, MESH: France/epidemiology, Incidence, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH: Vaccination Coverage, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, surveillance, Original Article, Female, France, influenza, Adult, Adolescent, MESH: Epidemics/statistics & numerical data, influenza-like illness, epidemics, MESH: Primary Health Care, Young Adult, primary care, Influenza, Human, Humans, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Primary Health Care, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Infant, MESH: Adult, Original Articles, MESH: Vaccination, MESH: Male, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Epidemiological analysis of past influenza epidemics remains essential to understand the evolution of the disease and optimize control and prevention strategies. Here, we aimed to use data collected by a primary care surveillance system over the last three decades to study trends in influenza epidemics and describe epidemic profiles according to circulating influenza viruses.METHODS: Influenza-like illness (ILI) weekly incidences were estimated using cases reported by general practitioners participating in the French Sentinelles network, between 1984 and 2017. Influenza epidemics were detected by applying a periodic regression to this time series. Epidemic (co-)dominant influenza virus (sub)types were determined using French virology data.RESULTS: During the study period, 297 607 ILI cases were reported allowing the detection of 33 influenza epidemics. On average, seasonal epidemics lasted 9 weeks and affected 4.1% of the population (95% CI 3.5; 4.7). Mean age of cases was 29 years. Epidemic size decreased over time by -66 cases per 100 000 population per season on average (95% CI -132; -0.2, P value = 0.049) and epidemic height decreased by -15 cases per 100 000 (95% CI -28; -2, P value = 0.022). Epidemic duration appeared stable over time. Epidemics were mostly dominated by A(H3N2) (n = 17, 52%), associated with larger epidemic size, higher epidemic peak and older age of cases.CONCLUSIONS: The declining trend in influenza epidemic size and height over the last 33 years might be related to several factors like increased vaccine coverage, hygiene improvements or changing in influenza viruses. However, further researches are needed to assess the impact of potential contributing factors to adapt influenza plans.
Published: 2019

26. Evidence of exposure and human seroconversion during an outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) among poultry in Cameroon

Author: Sowath Ly, Georges Alain Mballa Etoundi, Phalla Y, Richard Njouom, Erik A. Karlsson, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Marie-Claire Okomo, Njankouo Ripa Mohamadou, Chavely Gwladys Monamele, Sreyviseth Horm, Paul F. Horwood, Abel Wade, Jean-Marc Feussom, Aristide Stéphane Abah Abah, Sokhoun Yann, Philippe Dussart, Service de Virologie [Yaounde], Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Ministère de l'élevage, des pêches et des industries animales = Ministry of livestock, fisheries and animal industries [Yaoundé] (MINEPIA), Laboratoire National de Santé Publique = National Laboratory of Public Health [Yaoundé] (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique [Cameroun], James Cook University (JCU), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], and This work was supported by Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services [grant number IDSEP 140020-04-00].
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, Avian influenza, medicine.disease_cause, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Poultry, Zoonoses, Drug Discovery, MESH: Animals, Cameroon, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Clade, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Farmers, MESH: Middle Aged, Risk of infection, Strain (biology), MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, General Medicine, H5N1, Poultry farming, Middle Aged, Transmissibility (vibration), 3. Good health, Africa, Western, Phylogeography, Infectious Diseases, Seroconversion, MESH: Phylogeography, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, surveillance, Female, MESH: Zoonoses, Adult, Adolescent, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, MESH: Farmers, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Biology, MESH: Seroconversion, Microbiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Virology, MESH: Africa, Western, Influenza, Human, medicine, Animals, Humans, Africa, Central, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, outbreak, business.industry, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cameroon, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, MESH: Male, MESH: Africa, Central, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds, Africa, Parasitology, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; From May 2016 to March 2017, 22 poultry outbreaks of avian influenza A(H5N1) were reported in Cameroon, mainly in poultry farms and live bird markets. No human cases were reported. In this study, we sought to describe the 2016 A (H5N1) outbreak strain and to investigate the risk of infection in exposed individuals. We find that highly pathogenic influenza subtype A(H5N1), clade 2.3.2.1c from Cameroon is closely related phylogenetically and antigenically to strains isolated in central and western Africa at the time. No molecular markers of increased human transmissibility were noted; however, seroconversion was detected in two poultry workers (1.5% of total screened). Therefore, the continued outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry and the risk of zoonotic human infection highlight the crucial need for continued and vigilant influenza surveillance and research in Africa, especially in areas of high poultry trade, such as Cameroon.
Published: 2019

27. The pharmacokinetic challenge of treating invasive aspergillosis complicating severe influenzae assisted by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Author: Anne-Laure Clairet, Jennifer Lagoutte-Renosi, Hadrien Winiszewski, Laurence Millon, Gaël Piton, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Gilles Capellier, Anne-Claire Rougny, Réanimation Médicale CHRU Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Marqueurs pronostiques et facteurs de régulations des pathologies cardiaques et vasculaires - UFC ( EA 3920) (PCVP / CARDIO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Pôle pharmaceutique [CHRU Besançon], Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie [CHRU Besancon], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon]
Subjects: Letter, medicine.medical_treatment, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Pharmacokinetics, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Medicine, MESH: Aspergillosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Pyridines, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, MESH: Voriconazole, lcsh:RC86-88.9, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, MESH: Nitriles, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, MESH: Triazoles, 030228 respiratory system, Anesthesia, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, business, MESH: Invasive Fungal Infections
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

28. Detection of human bocavirus-1 in both nasal and stool specimens from children under 5 years old with influenza-like illnesses or diarrhea in Gabon

Author: Eric M. Leroy, Vincent Enouf, Sylvie Behillil, Sonia Etenna Lekana-Douki, Nicolas Berthet, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), None., and We acknowledge Carolyn Engel-Gautier and and Heïdi Lançon for editing the English usage and style. We thank all hospital staff of the health centers.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Prevalence, lcsh:Medicine, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Human bocavirus, Epidemiology, Influenza-like illness, Medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Children, biology, MESH: Influenza, Human, General Medicine, MESH: Infant, Diarrhea, Research Note, MESH: Diarrhea, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Respiratory virus, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Gabon, MESH: Parvoviridae Infections, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Parvoviridae Infections, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, parasitic diseases, Humans, Gabon, lcsh:Science (General), Feces, MESH: Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, business.industry, HBoV-1, lcsh:R, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Retrospective Studies, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, respiratory tract diseases, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), MESH: Human bocavirus, MESH: Respiratory Tract Infections, Etiology, business, MESH: Female, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: Objective Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a viral pathogen which causes respiratory tract diseases and acute gastroenteritis worldwide. This virus mainly affected children under 5 years old. There is little information on HBoV in Gabon. Two first studies was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory and enteric viruses in children under 5 years old who visited health centers for influenza-like illness (ILI) or diarrhea in Gabon from March 2010 to June 2011. However, HBoV was not included in the screening. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence and the HBoV genotype in children under 5 years old with ILI or diarrhea in Gabon. Results A total of 810 nasal swabs and 317 feces samples collected during the two first study were analyzed among which 32 (4.4%) and 7 (2.2%) were positive for HBoV respectively. While there were no significant differences in prevalence between age groups in children with ILI, all children with diarrhea were under 12 months of age. Moreover, 84.4 and 42.8% were diagnosed in co-infections with at least one other respiratory virus, or enteric viruses respectively. Finally, HBoV subtype 1 has been detected in both respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts with very low variability.
Published: 2018

29. Influenza prevention in nursing homes: Great significance of seasonal variability and spatio-temporal pattern

Author: Françoise Stoll-Keller, Sabrina Larocca, Anne Mosnier, Xavier Bertrand, Philippe Gaspard, C. Roth, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, MESH : Aged, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Health care, MESH : Population Surveillance, Homes for the Aged, Medicine, MESH : Female, MESH : Influenza, Human, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, Respiratory tract infections, MESH: Influenza, Human, General Medicine, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Population Surveillance, Female, Seasons, MESH : Male, Gerontological nursing, Influenza epidemics, MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Influenza, Human, Influenza prevention, Humans, MESH : Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Homes for the Aged, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, Aged, MESH : Homes for the Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH : Seasons, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Outbreak, MESH: Male, Nursing Homes, MESH: Nursing Homes, Clinical case, business, Nursing homes, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Female, human activities, MESH : Nursing Homes
Abstract: Summary Objective This work evaluated seasonal variations and spatio-temporal pattern of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in geriatric nursing homes in order to improve effective surveillance, prevention, control and management of RTI. Methods Prospective surveillance of RTI (Low Respiratory Tract infections and Influenza Like Illnesses) was conducted in 11 sites in Alsace over a 10-year period with clinical case definitions and rapid tests (Immunoassay) to identify influenza virus. Results Influenza national epidemic was a period at high risk of RTI in nursing homes with variable impacts depending on the seasonal period. 2004–2005, 2008–2009, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 were the periods with the highest impacts. The higher risk was not well understood during these four influenza epidemics and outbreaks occurred in numerous nursing homes despite the alerts and surveillance. Conclusion Information about seasonal variability and spatio-temporal patterns of the RTI during the national epidemic periods is essential for the nursing homes in order to help the health care workers and the visitors to understand the risk for the residents and then to improve the implementation of the control and prevention measures.
Published: 2015

30. Couverture vaccinale contre la grippe saisonnière chez les femmes enceintes d’Ile-de-France en 2016-2017 et déterminants de non-vaccination

Author: truong, Trong Phuong Anh, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Henri Partouche
Subjects: MESH: Vaccines, Grossesse, MESH: Pregnancy, Vaccin, MESH: Influenza, Human, Grippe, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Objectifs : les femmes enceintes font partie depuis 2012, des populations cibles pour la vaccination contre la grippe saisonnière, quelque soit le terme de la grossesse. En effet, le risque de forme grave et de décès est plus élevé chez les femmes enceintes que dans la population générale, même sans comorbidités. L’adhésion à cette recommandation semble faible mais la couverture vaccinale (CV) des femmes enceintes n’est pas connue. Notre objectif est d’évaluer la couverture vaccinale antigrippale 2016-2017 et les déterminants de non-vaccination chez la femme enceinte dans une région très peuplée de France.Méthodes : étude observationnelle, prospective, multicentrique durant la saison grippale 2016-2017 dans trois grandes maternités choisies au hasard en Ile de France. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire remis au cours d’un entretien. Une analyse univariée et multivariée a été menée grâce au logiciel R, la variable d’intérêt principale étant « avoir été vaccinée pendant la grossesse ».Résultats : parmi les 317 femmes interrogées de manière aléatoire, 279 ont été incluses dans l’étude (soit un taux de réponse de 88%). Parmi celles-ci, 15% seulement étaient vaccinées contre la grippe saisonnière. L’absence de vaccination était significativement associée à la localisation géographique de la maternité de suivi, à un bas niveau scolaire, à l’absence d’information reçue sur la vaccination, à une mauvaise connaissance sur la grippe et du vaccin, à l’existence d’une hésitation vaccinale et à un parcours de soins inadapté.Conclusion : la couverture vaccinale antigrippale est très faible dans cette région. Les dernières recommandations du HSCP en 2012 et la communication faite sur les risques de la grippe chez les femmes enceintes n’ont semble-t-il pas eu d’impact sur la CV. Une meilleure information des patientes par les professionnels de santé et les autorités sanitaires ainsi que l’envoi d’un formulaire de remboursement dès la déclaration de grossesse pourraient être des solutions.
Published: 2018

31. Performances of statistical methods for the detection of seasonal influenza epidemics using a consensus-based gold standard

Author: Shirley Masse, R Jreich, Y. Le Strat, Cécile Souty, Caroline Guerrisi, Clément Turbelin, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Camille Pelat, Thomas Hanslik, Thierry Blanchon, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP]
Subjects: Epidemiology, Computer science, Statistics as Topic, Influenza epidemics, Context (language use), MESH: Algorithms, Large range, 01 natural sciences, surveillance system, MESH: Regression Analysis, Seasonal influenza, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Statistics, Influenza, Human, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, 0101 mathematics, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, MESH: Statistics as Topic, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], MESH: Humans, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Influenza, Human, Incidence, Expert consensus, Gold standard (test), Original Papers, MESH: France, Infectious Diseases, outbreaks, Epidemiological Monitoring, Regression Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, France, Seasons, influenza, MESH: Seasons, Algorithms
Abstract: SUMMARYInfluenza epidemics are monitored using influenza-like illness (ILI) data reported by health-care professionals. Timely detection of the onset of epidemics is often performed by applying a statistical method on weekly ILI incidence estimates with a large range of methods used worldwide. However, performance evaluation and comparison of these algorithms is hindered by: (1) the absence of a gold standard regarding influenza epidemic periods and (2) the absence of consensual evaluation criteria. As of now, performance evaluations metrics are based only on sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection, since definitions are not clear for time-repeated measurements such as weekly epidemic detection. We aimed to evaluate several epidemic detection methods by comparing their alerts to a gold standard determined by international expert consensus. We introduced new performance metrics that meet important objective of influenza surveillance in temperate countries: to detect accurately the start of the single epidemic period each year. Evaluations are presented using ILI incidence in France between 1995 and 2011. We found that the two performance metrics defined allowed discrimination between epidemic detection methods. In the context of performance detection evaluation, other metrics used commonly than the standard could better achieve the needs of real-time influenza surveillance.
Published: 2017

32. Genetic and antigenic characterization of influenza A(H3N2) in Cameroon during the 2014-2016 influenza seasons

Author: Gwladys Chavely Monamele, Mohammed R. Njankouo, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Richard Njouom, Kathleen Victoir, Damian Nota Anong, Jane Francis Akoachere, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Buéa, Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris], This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) grant number 6 DESP060001-01-01 via the International Network of Pasteur Institutes, We are grateful to Yong Poovorawan and Nipaporn Tewawong for their helpful assistance in Pepitope calculation. We are also thankful to Matthieu Schoenhals for editing this manuscript, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Glycosylation, lcsh:Medicine, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Antimicrobial resistance, Geographical Locations, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Epitopes, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, Cameroon, lcsh:Science, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, Database and informatics methods, Viral Vaccine, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Sequence analysis, virus diseases, MESH: Glycosylation, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Influenza Vaccines, Viral Pathogens, MESH: RNA, Viral, Viruses, RNA, Viral, Seasons, Pathogens, Research Article, MESH: Epitopes, MESH: Mutation, Infectious Disease Control, Bioinformatics, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Biology, Microbiology, H5N1 genetic structure, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Virus, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Microbial Control, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Influenza viruses, Microbial Pathogens, DNA sequence analysis, Pharmacology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Biology and life sciences, Viral vaccines, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, lcsh:R, Organisms, MESH: Cameroon, Vaccine efficacy, 030112 virology, Influenza, Research and analysis methods, 030104 developmental biology, People and Places, Africa, Mutation, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Neuraminidase, MESH: Seasons, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: International audience; The first outbreak of influenza A(H3N2) occurred in 1968 and caused the third flu pandemic of the 20th century. It has affected multiple countries over time. The best strategy to reduce the burden of influenza is through vaccination whose efficacy varies with respect to the circulating strains. This study was performed to better understand the molecular evolution of influenza A(H3N2) and assess vaccine efficacy in Cameroon. Complete sequences of three gene segments were obtained from 2014 to 2016 influenza seasons in Cameroon. Hemagglutinin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M) genes of 35 A(H3N2) virus strains were amplified and sequenced. Predicted vaccine efficacy was measured using the Pepitope model. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that all Cameroonian strains had evolved away from the 3C.1-A/Texas/50/2012-like clade. Globally, 2014 virus strains clustered with the 2015-2016 vaccine strain, 3C.3a-A/Switzerland/9715293/2013, whereas 2015 and 2016 virus strains clustered with the 2016-2017 vaccine strain, 3C.2a-A/HongKong/4801/2014. In order to determine the genotypic drug susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors and amantadine, the NA and M2 protein coding sequences were analyzed. There was no strain with characteristic mutation for resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors, per contra; all strains possessed the substitution S31N, peculiar of resistance to adamantanes. There was drift in influenza A(H3N2) dominant epitopes B (2014 and 2015) to epitopes A (2016) with a theoretical efficiency in vaccine ranging from low to moderate. The presence of several antigenic site mutations among H3N2 virus strains between 2014-2016 influenza seasons in Cameroon confirms the progressing evolution of circulating H3N2 strains.
Published: 2017

33. Early 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H3N2): I-MOVE multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels in Europe

Author: Giedre Gefenaite, Amparo Larrauri, Sylvie Van der WERF, Pedro Pechirra, Baltazar Nunes, FALCHI Alessandra, Irina Kislaya, Anu Haveri, PAULO GONÇALVES, Bruno Lina, Lisa Domegan, Jesus Castilla, Itziar Casado, Daniela Pitigoi, Francisco Pozo, Lidia Brydak, Daniel Castrillejo, Fabrice Laine, EpiConcept [Paris], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Virologie (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446 to conduct the study in individuals aged 65 years or more.ECDC has contributed to fund the coordination and some study sites under the Framework contract No ECDC/2014/026 for the individuals aged less than 65 years.The Lithuanian study sites were supported by a grant from Research Council of Lithuania (SEN-03/2015).The I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ study team is very grateful to all patients, general practitioners, paediatricians, hospital teams, laboratory teams, regional epidemiologists who have contributed to the study.We acknowledge the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID’s EpiFlu Database used for this study. All submitters of data may be contacted directly via the GISAID website www.gisaid.org, France : Alessandra Falchi, EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, F-20250, Corse Ana-Maria Vilcu, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) Cécile Souty, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) Thierry Blanchon, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique Sylvie Behillil, Coordinating Center of the National Reference Center for influenza viruses, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, University Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur Vincent Enouf, Coordinating Center of the National Reference Center for influenza viruses, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, University Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur Sylvie van der Werf, Coordinating Center of the National Reference Center for influenza viruses, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, University Paris Diderot Sornonne Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur Bruno Lina, Laboratoire de Virologie, CNR des virus influenza, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des HCL, Lyon, France, Laboratoire Virpath, CIRI Inserm U1111, CNRS 5308, ENS, UCBL, Faculté de Médecine LYON Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Martine Valette, Laboratoire de Virologie, CNR des virus influenza, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord des HCL, Lyon, France, and European Project: 634446,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,I-MOVE-plus(2015)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Infecções Respiratórias, Epidemiology, Primary health care, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Influenza Like illness, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Severe acute respiratory infection, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Vaccination, immunisation, virus diseases, Middle Aged, vaccines, MESH: Hospitals, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH: Infant, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Europe, influenza like illness, MESH: Young Adult, Influenza Vaccines, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, MESH: Sentinel Surveillance, Female, Seasons, influenza, severe acute respiratory infection, Rapid Communication, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Pandemics, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Primary care, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, MESH: Primary Health Care, MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Young Adult, Virology, Influenza, Human, medicine, MESH: European Union, Humans, European Union, Intensive care medicine, MESH: Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Pandemics, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, Influenza-like illness, MESH: Humans, vaccine effectiveness, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, Infant, Newborn, Cuidados de Saúde, Infant, Influenza a, MESH: Adult, MESH: Vaccination, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, Family medicine, Case-Control Studies, SARI, ILI, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Prevention control, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, business, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Female
Abstract: I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ study team: Portugal - Baltazar Nunes, Ausenda Machado, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Verónica Gomez, Irina Kislaya, Mafalda Sousa Uva (Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge); Raquel Guiomar, Pedro Pechirra, Paula Cristóvão, Patrícia Conde, Inês Costa (Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge). I-MOVE/I-MOVE+study team - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Ausenda Machado, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Ana Paula Rodrigues, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Verónica Gomez, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Irina Kislaya, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Mafalda Sousa Uva, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Raquel Guiomar, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Pedro Pechirra, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Paula Cristóvão, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Patrícia Conde, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo; Jorge Inês Costa, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge. We measured early 2016/17 season influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) in Europe using multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels. IVE at primary care level was 44.1%, 46.9% and 23.4% among 0-14, 15-64 and ≥ 65 year-olds, and 25.7% in the influenza vaccination target group. At hospital level, IVE was 2.5%, 7.9% and 2.4% among ≥ 65, 65-79 and ≥ 80 year-olds. As in previous seasons, we observed suboptimal IVE against influenza A(H3N2). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2017

34. Environmental contamination and risk factors for transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) to humans, Cambodia, 2006-2010

Author: Elizabeth Mumford, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Arnaud Tarantola, Sirenda Vong, Sowath Ly, Sareth Rith, San Sorn, Channa Mey, Philippe Buchy, Philippe Cavailler, Touch Sok, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Agence de Médecine Préventive, Global Influenza Programme, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Institut Pasteur [Paris], National Veterinary Research Institute [Phnom Penh], Ministry of Health [Phnom Penh], GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, The study received financial support from the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Bathing, Environmental contamination, Prevalence, Environmental pollution, MESH: Water Pollutants, medicine.disease_cause, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Poultry, MESH: Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Waterborne Diseases, Water Pollutants, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Child, MESH: Waterborne Diseases, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Environmental Pollution, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Influenza, Human, Waterborne diseases, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Public Health, Cambodia, MESH: Public Health, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030106 microbiology, Population, Animals, Wild, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, A (H5N1), Human seroprevalence, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Ponds, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Environmental health, Influenza, Human, medicine, Animals, Humans, Seroprevalence, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: Animals, Wild, Ponds, education, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Risk factors, Influenza in Birds, Environmental Pollution, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has been of public health concern since 2003. Probable risk factors for A(H5N1) transmission to human have been demonstrated in several studies or epidemiological reports. However, transmission patterns may differ according to demographic characteristics of the population and local practices. This article aggregates these data from three studies with data collected in the previous surveys in 2006 and 2007 to further examine the risks factors associated with presence of anti-A(H5) antibodies among villagers residing within outbreak areas.METHODS:We aggregated 5-year data (2006-2010) from serology survey and matched case-control studies in Cambodia to further examine the risks factors associated with A(H5N1) infection among villagers in the outbreak areas.RESULTS:Serotesting among villagers detected 35 (1.5 % [0-2.6]) positive cases suggesting recent exposure to A(H5N1) virus. Practices associated with A(H5N1) infection among all ages were: having poultry cage or nesting area under or adjacent to the house (OR: 6.7 [1.6-28.3]; p = 0.010) and transporting poultry to market (OR: 17.6 [1.6-193.7]; p = 0.019). Practices found as risk factors for the infection among age under 20 years were swimming/bathing in ponds also accessed by domestic poultry (OR: 4.6 [1.1-19.1]; p = 0.038). Association with consuming wild birds reached borderline significance (p = 0.066).CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that swimming/bathing in contaminated pond water and close contact with poultry may present a risk of A(H5N1) transmission to human.
Published: 2016

35. The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century

Author: John Paget, Olga Bessonova, Joseph S. Bresee, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Binay Thapa, Francisco José de Paula Júnior, Jenny Lara Araya, Florette K. Treurnicht, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Brechla Moreno Arévalo, Zhibin Peng, Raquel Guiomar, Gabriela Kusznierz, Q. Sue Huang, Herman Kosasih, Antonino Bella, Doménica de Mora, Rakhee Palekar, Olha Holubka, Maria R. Castrucci, Rudevelinda Rivera, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Gideon O. Emukule, Rodrigo Fasce, Rocio Higueros, Sandra S. Chaves, Fatima el Falaki, Mai T. Q. Le, Herve A. Kadjo, Patricia Bustos, Luzhao Feng, Ainash Makusheva, Vernon J. Lee, Richard Njouom, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Coulibaly Daouda, Gé Donker, Alfredo Bruno, Alla Mironenko, Cheryl Cohen, Jean-Michel Heraud, Li Wei Ang, Sonam Wangchuk, Mónica Jeannette Barahona de Gámez, Maria Zambon, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Angel Balmaseda, Lynnette Brammer, Amal Barakat, Richard Pebody, Adam Meijer, Verònica Vera Garate, Tim Wood, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research [Utrecht] (NIVEL), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Dr. Emilio Coni [Santa Fe, Argentina] (INER), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], Ministry of Health [Brasília, Brazil], Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Public Health England [London], Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), US Naval Medical Research Unit No.2 [Jakarta, Indonesia] (NAMRU-2), Naval Medical Research Center [Silver Spring, USA] (NMRC), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Institut National de Santé Publique d'Abidjan-INSP, Ministry of Healthcare [Kazakhstan], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Kenya], Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut National d'Hygiène [Maroc], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Pan American Health Organization [Washington] (PAHO), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud [Panamá], Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Ministry of Health [Singapore], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Sanofi Pasteur [Lyon, France], The study is supported by a research grant from Sanofi Pasteur: the ‘Global Epidemiology of Influenza B’ research project. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for two authors (CEGS and JP) but did not have any additional role in the data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., The 'Global Influenza B Study team' (group authorship) includes the following scientists: Juan Manuel Rudi (jmrudi@anlis.gov.ar), National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Emilio Coni', Santa Fe, Argentina, Dorji Wangchuk (dorjiwangchuk@health.gov.bt) and Sangay Zangmo (szangmo@health.gov.bt), Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan, Daiana Araujo da Silva (daiana.silva@saude.gov.br), Ministry of Health, Department of Surveillance of Transmissible Diseases, Brasília/DF, Brazil, Winston Andrade (wandrade@ispch.cl), Sub-Department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Jiandong Zheng (zhengjd@chinacdc.cn) and Ying Qin (qinying@chinacdc.cn), Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China, Joanna Ellis (joanna.ellis@phe.gov.uk), Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, Simona Puzelli (simona.puzelli@iss.it), National Influenza Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy, Caterina Rizzo (rizzocaterina@gmail.com), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy, Linus Ndegwa (ikf7@cdc.gov), Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya, Marit MA de Lange (marit.de.lange@rivm.nl) and Anne C. Teirlinck (anne.teirlinck@rivm.nl), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Jeffery Cutter (jeffery_cutter@moh.gov.sg) and Raymond Tzer Pin Lin (raymond_lin@moh.gov.sg), Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore, Than T. Le (lmot82@yahoo.com), National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Peter Kinuthia 42 (polorien@gmail.com), IHRC Inc., Atlanta, USA.
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, Infecções Respiratórias, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Seasonal influenza, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Influenza B virus, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Northern Hemisphere, Vaccines, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, Geography, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, Medical microbiology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Population Surveillance, Viruses, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine, Southern Hemisphere, Female, Age distribution, Seasons, Pathogens, MESH: History, 21st Century, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Disease Control, Science, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, Microbiology, History, 21st Century, Virus, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, Population Metrics, Influenza, Human, medicine, Influenza viruses, Humans, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, Disease burden, MESH: Humans, Biology and life sciences, Population Biology, Organisms, Viral pathogens, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Estados de Saúde e de Doença, Virology, Influenza, MESH: Male, Microbial pathogens, Earth sciences, Influenza B virus, Vaccine mismatch, 030104 developmental biology, Virus type, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, Geographic areas, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Female, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Free PMC article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31513690/ We describe the epidemiological characteristics, pattern of circulation, and geographical distribution of influenza B viruses and its lineages using data from the Global Influenza B Study. We included over 1.8 million influenza cases occurred in thirty-one countries during 2000-2018. We calculated the proportion of cases caused by influenza B and its lineages; determined the timing of influenza A and B epidemics; compared the age distribution of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata cases; and evaluated the frequency of lineage-level mismatch for the trivalent vaccine. The median proportion of influenza cases caused by influenza B virus was 23.4%, with a tendency (borderline statistical significance, p = 0.060) to be higher in tropical vs. temperate countries. Influenza B was the dominant virus type in about one every seven seasons. In temperate countries, influenza B epidemics occurred on average three weeks later than influenza A epidemics; no consistent pattern emerged in the tropics. The two B lineages caused a comparable proportion of influenza B cases globally, however the B/Yamagata was more frequent in temperate countries, and the B/Victoria in the tropics (p = 0.048). B/Yamagata patients were significantly older than B/Victoria patients in almost all countries. A lineage-level vaccine mismatch was observed in over 40% of seasons in temperate countries and in 30% of seasons in the tropics. The type B virus caused a substantial proportion of influenza infections globally in the 21st century, and its two virus lineages differed in terms of age and geographical distribution of patients. These findings will help inform health policy decisions aiming to reduce disease burden associated with seasonal influenza. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019

36. Intense circulation of A/H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses in Cambodian live-bird markets with serological evidence of sub-clinical human infections

Author: Philippe Buchy, Davun Holl, Sareth Rith, Veasna Duong, Sowath Ly, Paul F. Horwood, Philippe Dussart, Juliette Gambaretti, San Sorn, Lotfi Allal, Arnaud Tarantola, Srey Viseth Horm, Phalla Y, Wantanee Kalpravidh, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Veterinary Research Institute [Phnom Penh], Food and Agriculture Organization, GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, This work was funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization in Cambodia (Grant NO OSRO/INT/902/USA and OSRO/RAS/901/EC), the office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services (Grant NO IDSEP 110011-01-00), and and the World Health Organization country office in Cambodia (Grant NO KHM-13-ESR-000137).
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genes, Viral, Epidemiology, animal diseases, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Serology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Discovery, A/H9N2, Influenza A virus, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype, MESH: Ducks, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phylogeny, Asymptomatic Infections, A/H5N1, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Genes, Viral, Farmers, biology, seroprevalence, MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, poultry, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, MESH: Chickens, virus diseases, MESH: Neuraminidase, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Ducks, Original Article, Antibody, MESH: Genome, Viral, Cambodia, influenza, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, MESH: Farmers, Immunology, MESH: Asymptomatic Infections, Neuraminidase, Genome, Viral, MESH: Poultry Diseases, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Virology, Influenza, Human, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, Seroconversion, Poultry Diseases, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, avian, MESH: Cambodia, Sequence Analysis, DNA, live-bird markets, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds, biology.protein, Parasitology, Chickens, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: International audience; Surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry and environmental samples was conducted in four live-bird markets in Cambodia from January through November 2013. Through real-time RT-PCR testing, AIVs were detected in 45% of 1048 samples collected throughout the year. Detection rates ranged from 32% and 18% in duck and chicken swabs, respectively, to 75% in carcass wash water samples. Influenza A/H5N1 virus was detected in 79% of samples positive for influenza A virus and 35% of all samples collected. Sequence analysis of full-length haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from A/H5N1 viruses, and full-genome analysis of six representative isolates, revealed that the clade 1.1.2 reassortant virus associated with Cambodian human cases during 2013 was the only A/H5N1 virus detected during the year. However, multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of HA and NA genes revealed co-circulation of at least nine low pathogenic AIVs from HA1, HA2, HA3, HA4, HA6, HA7, HA9, HA10 and HA11 subtypes. Four repeated serological surveys were conducted throughout the year in a cohort of 125 poultry workers. Serological testing found an overall prevalence of 4.5% and 1.8% for antibodies to A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, respectively. Seroconversion rates of 3.7 and 0.9 cases per 1000 person-months participation were detected for A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, respectively. Peak AIV circulation was associated with the Lunar New Year festival. Knowledge of periods of increased circulation of avian influenza in markets should inform intervention measures such as market cleaning and closures to reduce risk of human infections and emergence of novel AIVs.
Published: 2016

37. Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982–2012: A Systematic Analysis

Author: Melissa J. Whaley, Malinee Chittaganpitch, Remigio M. Olveda, Marta Von Horoch, Adebayo Adedeji, Tran Hien Nguyen, Jean-Michel Heraud, Robert Booy, Daddi Jima, Vida Mmbaga, Stephen R. C. Howie, Julio Armero, Ricardo Mena, Radu Cojocaru, Marietjie Venter, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Thierry Nyatanyi, Daouda Coulibaly, Guiselle Guzman, Amal Barakat, Hongjie Yu, Mandeep S. Chadha, Harry Campbell, Andrew Corwin, Harish Nair, Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly, Daniel E. Noyola, Zuridin Nurmatov, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Ondri Dwi Sampurno, Andros Theo, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Kathryn E. Lafond, Joseph S. Bresee, William Ampofo, Fátima Valente, Mahmudur Rahman, Gideon O. Emukule, Paul Kitsutani, Terveystieteiden yksikkö - School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Tampere [Finland], University of Edinburgh, Public Health Foundation of India, Afghanistan National Public Health Institute, National Directorate of Public Health, Westmead Hospital [Sydney], Institute of Epidemiology, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), University of Auckland [Auckland], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], University of Ghana, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), National Institute of Virology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi [México] (UASLP), National Centre for Public Health [Chisinau, Republic of Moldova], National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health [Morocco], Federal Ministry of Health, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Ministry of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), University Teaching Hospital, and Funding for this study was provided entirely by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study was designed by the authors, and the results and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the official position of the CDC.
Subjects: PNEUMONIA, 0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Pediatrics, Viral Diseases, Influenza Viruses, Pulmonology, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Global Health, MESH: Hospitalization, LABORATORY-CONFIRMED INFLUENZA, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Global health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Terveystiede - Health care science, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Lower respiratory infection, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Influenza, Human, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, Naisten- ja lastentaudit - Gynaecology and paediatrics, MESH: Infant, Vaccination and Immunization, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, INFECTIONS, Medical Microbiology, Vaccination coverage, Viral Pathogens, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, Geographic regions, VIRUS, Pathogens, Pediatric Infections, Developed country, Research Article, COUNTRIES, AFRICA, YOUNG-CHILDREN, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Disease Control, Immunology, UNITED-STATES, SEASONAL INFLUENZA, Disease Surveillance, Microbiology, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Respiratory illness, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, MORTALITY, MESH: Child, Preschool, lcsh:R, Organisms, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, MESH: Male, Influenza, Pneumonia, Age Groups, Infectious Disease Surveillance, Respiratory Infections, People and Places, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Groupings, MESH: Respiratory Tract Diseases, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, Preventive Medicine, business, MESH: Female, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Background The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. Methods and Findings We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (, The substantial global burden of influenza infections in children is revealed by Lafond and colleagues. Children in developing countries are 3 times more likely to be hospitalised and treatments vary. This study highlights the need for vaccination programs in the young., Editors' Summary Background Acute lower respiratory infections—bacterial and viral infections of the lungs and airways (the tubes that take oxygen-rich air to the lungs)—are major causes of illness and death in children worldwide. Pneumonia (infection of the lungs) alone is responsible for 15% of deaths among children under five years old and kills nearly one million young children every year. Globally, infections with respiratory syncytial virus and with Streptococcus pneumoniae are associated with about 25% and 18.3%, respectively, of all episodes of severe respiratory infection in young children. Another infectious organism that contributes to the global burden of respiratory disease among children is the influenza virus. Every year, millions of people become infected with this virus, which infects the airways and causes symptoms that include a high temperature, tiredness and weakness, general aches and pains, and a dry chesty cough. Most infected individuals recover quickly, but seasonal influenza outbreaks (epidemics) nevertheless kill about half a million people annually, with the highest burden of severe disease being experienced by elderly people and by children under five years old. Why Was This Study Done? Annual immunization (vaccination) can reduce an individual’s risk of catching influenza, but before a country implements this preventative measure, policymakers need reliable estimates of the burden of influenza in their country. Although such estimates have been calculated for resource-rich countries with temperate climates, where influenza largely occurs in the winter, few estimates of influenza burden are available for resource-limited countries, which has hampered informed consideration of vaccination for influenza prevention in many settings. Recently, however, there has been a global expansion of systematic surveillance and testing for influenza virus among patients admitted to hospital for severe respiratory infection. Here, the researchers use this expanded surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide between 1982 and 2012. Specifically, they undertake a systematic review to identify published research articles on influenza-associated respiratory disease in hospitalized children, and, by aggregating the data from these articles with data collected by hospital-based influenza surveillance, they calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of children hospitalized with respiratory disease who are positive for influenza. What Did the Researchers Do and Find? Using predefined search criteria, the researchers identified 108 published research articles that provided information on influenza-associated respiratory illness among hospitalized children. In addition, the Global Respiratory Hospitalizations–Influenza Proportion Positive (GRIPP) working group provided 37 hospital-based influenza surveillance datasets. By aggregating the data from these sources using a statistical approach called meta-analysis, the researchers calculated that, overall, influenza was associated with 9.5% of hospitalizations for severe respiratory infection among children under 18 years old worldwide, ranging from 4.8% among children under six months old to 16.4% among children aged 5–17 years. The researchers also calculated that, on average over the study period, influenza resulted in about 374,000 hospitalizations annually among children under one year old (including 228,000 hospitalizations among children less than six months old) and nearly one million hospitalizations annually among children under five years old. Finally, the researchers calculated that influenza-associated hospitalization rates among children under five years old over the study period were more than three times higher in resource-limited countries than in industrialized countries (150 and 48 hospitalizations, respectively, per 100,000 children per year). What Do These Findings Mean? Differences in hospitalization practices, in applications of case definitions, and in influenza testing protocols between settings may affect the accuracy of these findings. Specifically, the approach taken by the researchers may mean that their estimate of the total burden of severe respiratory disease due to influenza is an underestimate of the true situation. Even so, these findings suggest that influenza is an important contributor to hospitalizations for severe respiratory illness among children worldwide. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among young children and pregnant women could, therefore, reduce the contribution that influenza makes to hospitalizations for respiratory infections among children. Importantly, the estimates of the burden of influenza provided by these findings can now be used by countries considering influenza vaccination programs for children and/or pregnant women to help them investigate the possible health and cost implications of such programs and should also stimulate further research into the development of effective influenza vaccines for young children. Additional Information This list of resources contains links that can be accessed when viewing the PDF on a device or via the online version of the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001977. The UK National Health Service Choices website provides information about respiratory infections, seasonal influenza, influenza vaccination, and influenza vaccination in children The World Health Organization provides information on seasonal influenza (in several languages) and on influenza vaccines The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provides information for patients and health professionals on all aspects seasonal influenza, including information about vaccination, and about children, influenza, and vaccination; its website contains a short video about personal experiences of influenza Flu.gov, a US government website, provides access to information on seasonal influenza and vaccination MedlinePlus has links to further information about influenza and about vaccination (in English and Spanish)
Published: 2016

38. Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination?

Author: Marietjie Venter, Juan Yang, Simona Puzelli, Antonino Bella, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Coulibaly Daouda, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Winston Andrade, Selim Badur, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, François G. Schellevis, Jean-Michel Heraud, Akerke Ospanova, Sonam Wangchuk, Brechla Moreno, Herve A. Kadjo, Raymond T. P. Lin, Juan Manuel Rudi, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Gabriela Kusznierz, Joseph S. Bresee, Cheryl Cohen, Mai thi Quynh Le, Rhonda Owen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Kunzang Dorji, Kate Pennington, Global Influenza B Study, Herman Kosasih, Nurhayati, Alla Mironenko, Ming Li, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Alfredo Bruno, Richard Njouom, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Celina de Lozano, Luzhao Feng, Olha Holubka, Amal Barakat, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Raquel Guiomar, Richard Pebody, Leticia Castillo, Gideon O. Emukule, Liza Lopez, Doménica de Mora, Jeffery Cutter, Q. Sue Huang, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Abderrahman Bimohuen, John Paget, Lynnette Brammer, General practice, EMGO - Quality of care, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Istanbul University, Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto nacional de saude, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), National Influenza Center, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Public Health England [London], National Institute of Health, University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The study sponsor had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor had no access to the data in the study.
Subjects: Infecções Respiratórias, Influenza Viruses, Epidemiology, Gripe, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, DRIVERS, Estados de Saúde, Public and Occupational Health, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, lcsh:Science, MESH: Influenza B virus, Northern Hemisphere, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Geography, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Global Influenza B Study, MESH: Tropical Climate, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Immunology, Disease Surveillance, SEASONAL INFLUENZA, Microbiology, Influenza Vaccin, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza Vaccination, SURVEILLANCE, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, Science & Technology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Correction, Influenza a, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, Virology, Influenza, MADAGASCAR, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, People and places, Demography, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Tropical climate, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, Multidisciplinary, Medical microbiology, Vaccination and Immunization, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Viruses, Human mortality from H5N1, Southern Hemisphere, Seasons, Pathogens, Brazil, Research Article, Infectious Disease Control, General Science & Technology, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Influenza A virus, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], MD Multidisciplinary, Influenza, Human, Temperate climate, medicine, Tropical Climate, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Viral pathogens, Tropics, MESH: Vaccination, South America, Seasonality, Earth sciences, Influenza B virus, Infectious Disease Surveillance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Geographic areas, MESH: Seasons, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Erratum in - Correction: Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination? PLoS One. 2016 May 2;11(5):e0155089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155089. Introduction: Determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. Here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data between 2000 and 2014 from the Global Influenza B Study database. The seasonal peak of influenza was defined as the week with the most reported cases (overall, A, and B) in the season. The duration of seasonal activity was assessed using the maximum proportion of influenza cases during three consecutive months and the minimum number of months with 80% of cases in the season. We also assessed whether co-circulation of A and B virus types affected the duration of influenza epidemics. Results: 212 influenza seasons and 571,907 cases were included from 30 countries. In tropical countries, the seasonal influenza activity lasted longer and the peaks of influenza A and B coincided less frequently than in temperate countries. Temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics were heterogeneous in the tropics, with distinct seasonal epidemics observed only in some countries. Seasons with co-circulation of influenza A and B were longer than influenza A seasons, especially in the tropics. Discussion: Our findings show that influenza seasonality is less well defined in the tropics than in temperate regions. This has important implications for vaccination programmes in these countries. High-quality influenza surveillance systems are needed in the tropics to enable decisions about when to vaccinate. The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2016

39. Influenza vaccine effectiveness among adult patients in a University of Lyon hospital (2004–2009)

Author: Brigitte Coppéré, Bruno Lina, Sélilah Amour, Corinne Régis, Brigitte Comte, Philippe Vanhems, Nicolas Voirin, M. Bouscambert-Duchamp, Silène Pires-Cronenberger, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Virologie et pathologie humaine ( VirPath ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Service de médecine gériatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Virologie et pathologie humaine (VirPath), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], and Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Male, Hospitalized patients, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Aged, MESH : Prospective Studies, Hospitals, University, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, MESH : Female, Prospective Studies, MESH : Influenza, Human, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Case-Control Studies, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Molecular Medicine, Female, France, Adult, MESH : Case-Control Studies, medicine.medical_specialty, Influenza vaccine, MESH : Male, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Age groups, Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, Flu season, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : France, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Hospitals, University, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Hospitals, University, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Adult patients, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH : Influenza Vaccines, Confidence interval, MESH: France, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza among hospitalized patients. A case-control investigation was based on the prospective surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) during five flu seasons. We compared influenza-positive cases and influenza-negative controls. Unadjusted overall IVE was 62% (95% confidence interval 24% to 81%). We found that IVE was lower during the 2004-05 flu season (11%; 95% CI -232% to 76%) when the vaccine and circulating viruses were mismatched. Expansion of the study to other hospitals could provide IVE estimates earlier in the season, for different age groups and emerging virus strains.
Published: 2012

40. Characteristics of patients and physicians correlated with regular influenza vaccination in patients treated for type 2 diabetes: a follow-up study from 2008 to 2011 in southeastern France

Author: Céline Pulcini, Pierre Verger, Ludovic Casanova, Sébastien Cortaredona, Patrick Peretti-Watel, Odile Launay, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -ORS PACA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), ORS PACA, REseau national d'Investigation clinique en VACcinologie ( REIVAC ), Centre National de Gestion des Essais de Produits de Santé (CeNGEPS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Groupe hospitalier Broca-Hôtel-Dieu-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation. Approches épidémiologiques et psychologiques. ( APEMAC - EA 4360 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), CIC Cochin Pasteur ( CIC 1417 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Hôtel-Dieu-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), REseau national d'Investigation clinique en VACcinologie (REIVAC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de Gestion des Essais de Produits de Santé (CeNGEPS), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Gestion des Essais de Produits de Santé (CeNGEPS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Hôtel-Dieu-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Hôtel-Dieu-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Gestion des Essais de Produits de Santé (CeNGEPS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Hôtel-Dieu-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôtel-Dieu-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP]
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, MESH : Aged, Type 2 diabetes, Care management, Logistic regression, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Epidemiology, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Physicians, MESH : Female, MESH : Influenza, Human, Reimbursement, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Influenza, Human, Age Factors, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Young Adult, Cohort, Female, epidemiology, multilevel analysis, France, patient, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, diabetes mellitus type 2, Adolescent, Influenza vaccine, MESH : Male, MESH : Physicians, MESH : Young Adult, determinant, Young Adult, Physicians, Diabetes mellitus, MESH : Adolescent, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : France, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Vaccination, medicine.disease, vaccination, MESH: Male, MESH : Influenza Vaccines, MESH: France, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Vaccination, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Age Factors, influenza vaccine, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; We studied a cohort of 110 823 patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents for type 2 diabetes in southeastern France from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2011, to identify influenza vaccination coverage trends and the patient and physician correlates of influenza vaccine (IFV) uptake. We used French national health insurance fund (NHIF) databases to identify these patients and collect data on their IFV reimbursement claims (IFVC) and patient and physician characteristics. We used multilevel multivariate polytomous logistic regressions to test the correlates of IFVC. Between 2008 and 2011 the annual IFVC rate varied from 33.7% to 32.3% in the 18-64 age group and from 69.5% to 61.1% in the 65 + age group, among whom we saw a clear trend towards reduced vaccination after 2008. In the younger group, the probability of regular vaccination each year from 2008 to 2011 increased with diabetes severity and duration, comorbidities, and the number of general practitioner and nurse visits; it was higher among patients seeing endocrinologists and lower among low-income patients than in other patients. In the older group, there was no association with either diabetes severity or physician specialty. These results suggest different patterns of correlates of influenza vaccination according to age. Endocrinologists might help to improve IFV uptake in the younger group of patients with type 2 diabetes. Communication strategies regarding influenza vaccination should be adapted to age, and collaboration between healthcare professionals should be reinforced to achieve vaccination objectives for these patients.
Published: 2015

41. Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication by Constrained Peptides Targeting Nucleoprotein

Author: Yves Jacob, Hongxing Hu, Shijian Zhang, Yidong Xu, Li Li, Hongbing Jiang, Qiang Wang, Tetsuya Toyoda, Leiyun Weng, Ying He, Baosen Jia, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology (LMVI), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University [Shanghai], Roche R&D Center China Ltd, Génétique, Papillomavirus et Cancer Humain, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Infectious Disease Regulation Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, This work was supported by Grants-in-aid from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (0514P51131), the National Science Foundation of China (30670090 and 30970153), the Li Ka Shing Foundation (0682P11131), RESPARI (0581P14131) and FLUINNATE (SP5B-CT-2006-0044161)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (TMIMS)
Subjects: Mutation rate, viruses, RNA-binding protein, Virus Replication, MESH: Dogs, Mice, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chlorocebus aethiops, MESH: Animals, Mice, Inbred BALB C, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Peptides, Viral Core Proteins, MESH: Influenza, Human, RNA-Binding Proteins, virus diseases, General Medicine, Nucleocapsid Proteins, 3. Good health, MESH: HEK293 Cells, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, MESH: Antiviral Agents, MESH: Viral Core Proteins, MESH: Mice, Inbred BALB C, MESH: Vero Cells, Biology, Antiviral Agents, Virus, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Peptide Library, Influenza, Human, Animals, Humans, Peptide library, Vero Cells, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Virus Replication, HEK 293 cells, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, Virology, Nucleoprotein, HEK293 Cells, MESH: RNA-Binding Proteins, Viral replication, Vero cell, MESH: Peptide Library, Peptides, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background: Because of high mutation rates, new drug-resistant viruses are rapidly evolving, thus making the necessary control of influenza virus infection difficult. Methods: We screened a constrained cysteine-rich peptide library mimicking μ-conotoxins from Conus geographus and a proline-rich peptide library mimicking lebocin 1 and 2 from Bombyx mori by using influenza virus RNA polymerase (PB1, PB2 and PA) and nucleoprotein (NP) as baits. Results: Among the 22 peptides selected from the libraries, we found that the NP-binding proline-rich peptide, PPWCCCSPMKRASPPPAQSDLPATPKCPP, inhibited influenza replicon activity to mean ±SD 40.7% ±15.8% when expressed as a GFP fusion peptide in replicon cells. Moreover, when the GFP fusion peptide was transduced into cells by an HIV-TAT protein transduction domain sequence, the replication of influenza virus A/WSN/33 (WSN) at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 was inhibited to 20% and 69% at 12 and 24 h post-infection, respectively. In addition, the TAT-GFP fusion peptide was able to slightly protect Balb/c mice from WSN infection when administrated prior to the infection. Conclusions: These results suggest the potential of this peptide as the seed of an anti-influenza drug and reveal the usefulness of the constrained peptide strategy for generating inhibitors of influenza infection. The results also suggest that influenza NP, which is conserved among the influenza A viruses, is a good target for influenza inhibition, despite being the most abundant protein in infected cells.
Published: 2011

42. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Monovalent 2009 Influenza A/H1N1v Vaccine Adjuvanted With AS03A or Unadjuvanted in HIV-Infected Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Author: François Roman, Jean-François Delfraissy, David Rey, Jade Ghosn, Valérie Foubert, Jacques Reynes, Christine Durier, Jean-Pierre Aboulker, Corinne Desaint, Gilles Pialoux, Jeanne-Marie Devaster, Pierre Loulergue, Xavier Duval, Christine Jacomet, Nathalie Colin de Verdière, Faiza Ajana, Odile Launay, François Raffi, CIC - Biotherapie - AP-HP (cochin - Pasteur), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Essais Therapeutiques et Infection Par Le Vih, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC - CHU Bichat, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (CIC 1405), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Bicêtre-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), ANRS 151 HIFLUVAC Study Group and the French Clinical Vaccinology Network (Réseau National d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie REIVAC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Male, MESH: Adjuvants, Immunologic, HIV Infections, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Squalene, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Influenza A virus, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Influenza, Human, Immunogenicity, virus diseases, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Influenza Vaccines, Female, Viral load, Adult, Squalene, Population, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Major Articles and Brief Reports, 03 medical and health sciences, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Influenza, Human, Humans, Seroconversion, Adverse effect, education, MESH: Humans, Hemagglutination assay, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Virology, MESH: Male, Immunology, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have decreased immune response to vaccines. Few data are available about pandemic flu vaccination in this population. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, patient-blinded, randomized trial in a cohort of HIV-infected adults. Patients received 2 injections 21 days apart of a AS03(A)-adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine containing 3.75 μg hemagglutinin (HA) or a nonadjuvanted H1N1v vaccine containing 15 μg HA to assess hemagglutination inhibition (HI) response and safety. RESULTS: A total of 309 patients were randomized, and 306 were vaccinated. After the first vaccine dose, HI titers ≥1:40 were observed in 93.4% of the patients in the adjuvanted group (A group) (n = 155) and in 75.5% in the nonadjuvanted group (B group) (n = 151) (P < .001); seroconversion rates were 88.8% and 71.2%, and factor increases in geometric mean titers (GMT) of 21.9 and 15.1, respectively. After 2 injections, 98.6% of patients of the A group and 92.1% of the B group demonstrated HI titers ≥1:40 (P = .018); seroconversion rates were 96.5% and 87.1%, respectively, and factor increases in GMT were 45.5 and 21.2, respectively. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate in severity; no impact on CD4+ cell count or viral load has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: In HIV-1-infected adults, the AS03(A)-adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine yielded a higher immune response than did the nonadjuvanted one, with no impact on HIV infection.
Published: 2011

43. Transmission inter-espèces, adaptation à l’homme et pathogénicité des virus influenza d’origine animale

Author: Nadia Naffakh, D Moisy, Sandie Munier, Daniel Marc, Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fonds pour la Recherche sur l’Influenza Aviaire (FRIA-08-008-03), Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique (UR IASP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Disease reservoir, MESH: Swine Diseases, viruses, Reassortment, Pathogenesis, MESH: Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Zoonosis, virus influenza aviaire, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Swine, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae Infections, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae, 0303 health sciences, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Influenza, Human, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Interspecies transmission, spectre d'hôte, MESH: Birds, MESH: Zoonoses, Viral genome replication, zoonose, Biology, H5N1 genetic structure, interaction entre espèces, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, medicine, Influenza viruses, MESH: Species Specificity, Gene, Host-specificity, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Pandemic, 030306 microbiology, transmission de la maladie, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, MESH: Receptors, Virus, MESH: Viral Proteins, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, MESH: Ribonucleoproteins, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Viral Tropism
Abstract: The emergence in 2009 of a novel A(H1N1)v influenza virus of swine origin and the regular occurrence since 2003 of human cases of infection with A(H5N1) avian influenza viruses underline the zoonotic and pandemic potential of type A influenza viruses. Influenza viruses from the wild aquatic birds reservoir usually do not replicate efficiently in humans. Domestic poultry and swine can act as intermediate hosts for the acquisition of determinants that increase the potential of transmission and adaptation to humans, through the accumulation of mutations or by genetic reassortment. The rapid evolution of influenza viruses following interspecies transmission probably results from the selection of genetic variations that favor optimal interactions between viral proteins and cellular factors, leading to an increased multiplication potential and a better escape to the host antiviral response. Whereas influenza viruses usually cause asymptomatic infections in wild aquatic birds, they may be highly pathogenic in other species. Molecular determinants of host-specificity and pathogenesis have been identified in most viral genes, notably in genes that encode viral surface glycoproteins, proteins involved in the viral genome replication, and proteins that counteract the host immune response. However, our knowledge of these numerous and interdependant determinants remains incomplete, and the molecular mechanisms involved are still to be understood.
Published: 2010

44. Molecular Epidemiology of Clade 1 Influenza A Viruses (H5N1), Southern Indochina Peninsula, 2004–2007

Author: Peiris, J S Malik, Buchy, Philippe, Fourment, Mathieu, Mardy, Sek, Sorn, San, Holl, Davun, Ly, Sowath, Vong, Sirenda, Enouf, Vincent, Peiris, J.S. Malik, Van Der Werf, Silvie, Centre de recherche Université de Hong-Kong-Pasteur, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries [Cambodia], Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by the French Ministry of Health, the French Agency for Development and the US Department of Human Health Services., Buchy P, Fourment M, Mardy S, Sorn S, Holl D, Ly S, Vong S, Enouf V, Peiris JS, van der Werf S., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Time Factors, Epidemiology, viruses, animal diseases, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Influenza A Virus, Influenza A virus, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Clade, Molecular Epidemiology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Influenza, Human, poultry, Dispatch, transmission, virus diseases, H5N1, Thailand, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, MESH: Birds, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, H5N1 Subtype, influenza, Cambodia, Human, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Wild, Animals, Wild, Biology, Microbiology, Virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Molecular genetics, Influenza, Human, parasitic diseases, medicine, MESH: Molecular Epidemiology, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Wild, lcsh:RC109-216, wild birds, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Molecular epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Time Factors, lcsh:R, Influenza a, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza in Birds, Indochina peninsula
Abstract: International audience; To determine the origin of influenza A virus (H5N1) epizootics in Cambodia, we used maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods to analyze the genetic sequences of subtype H5N1 strains from Cambodia and neighboring areas. Poultry movements, rather than repeated reintroduction of subtype H5N1 viruses by wild birds, appear to explain virus circulation and perpetuation.
Published: 2009

45. Guillain‐Barré Syndrome and Influenza Virus Infection

Author: Tarek Sharshar, Pierre Lebon, Marie-Christine Durand, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Christiane Caudie, Sylvie van der Werf, Vincent Enouf, Elyanne Gault, David Orlikowski, Flore Rozenberg, Djillali Annane, Jean-Claude Raphaël, Jean-Louis Gaillard, Raphaël Porcher, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service de Réanimation, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Département de Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Sain-Louis, Biostatistique et épidemiologie clinique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de physiologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles [CHU Raymond-Poincaré], Centre National de Référence de la Grippe (France Nord) - Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS Grippe et autres virus respiratoires (CNR - CCOMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Fédération de Biologie, Hopital Neurologique, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Sain-Louis, Service de physiologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles, AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Versailles–St. Quentin, Faculté de Médecine Paris‐Ile‐de‐France‐Ouest, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Sain-Louis, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine ( UPD5 Médecine ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 )
Subjects: Male, MESH : Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Statistics as Topic, MESH : Statistics as Topic, MESH : Aged, Antibodies, Viral, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Gangliosides, Gangliosides, MESH : Influenza B virus, Medicine, MESH : Female, MESH : Influenza, Human, MESH: Incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Water Supply, MESH: Influenza B virus, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Respiratory tract infections, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Viral culture, Incidence, MESH: Influenza, Human, Influenzavirus B, Incidence (epidemiology), Complement Fixation Tests, Age Factors, MESH: Guidelines as Topic, virus diseases, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH : Incidence, 3. Good health, MESH : Influenza A virus, Infectious Diseases, Influenza A virus, MESH : Legislation, Medical, MESH: Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, France, Seasons, Adult, MESH : Antibodies, Viral, Microbiology (medical), MESH : United States, MESH : United States Food and Drug Administration, MESH : Male, MESH: Influenza A virus, Orthomyxoviridae, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, H5N1 genetic structure, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Water Supply, MESH: United States Food and Drug Administration, Influenza, Human, MESH: United States, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : France, MESH : Guidelines as Topic, MESH: Statistics as Topic, Aged, MESH: Gangliosides, MESH : Complement Fixation Tests, MESH: Guillain-Barre Syndrome, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, MESH : Seasons, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Legislation, Medical, MESH: Adult, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH : Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Influenza B virus, MESH: Complement Fixation Tests, Immunology, biology.protein, MESH : Age Factors, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Antibodies, Viral, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Antiganglioside antibodies
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: In Western countries, the cause of 60% of all Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases remains unidentified. The number of cases of unidentified cause peaks in winter, and these cases are commonly preceded by respiratory tract infection or influenza-like illness. We investigated the triggering role of influenza virus infection. METHODS: Of 405 patients with GBS who were admitted to a French reference center during 1996-2004, 234 had cases caused by an unidentified agent. We used time-series methods to study the correlation between the monthly incidence of such cases and influenza-like illnesses reported by the Sentinelles surveillance network. We analyzed anti-influenza antibodies using complement fixation testing and hemagglutination-inhibition assays. We studied etiological subgroups using Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: We found a positive association between the monthly incidence of GBS caused by an unidentified agent and reported influenza-like illnesses. Of 73 patients whose cases occurred during periods in which there was a possible link to influenza, 10 (13.7%) had serological evidence of recent influenza A, and 4 (5.5%) had serological evidence of influenza B. Eight of 10 influenza A-related cases occurred during "major" influenza seasons, and antibodies specific to the current epidemic strain were found in 9 cases. Most patients with influenza A-related cases were aged < 65 years, and none had antiganglioside antibodies. Influenza-related cases differed both from Campylobacter jejuni-related cases, with regard to the lack of need for mechanical ventilation (P = .014), and from the cases caused by an unidentified agent, with regard to the presence of preceding influenza-like illness or respiratory tract infection (P = .015) and longer time from the infectious event to GBS onset (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Influenza viruses are infrequent triggering agents of GBS but may play a significant role during major influenza outbreaks. Influenza-related GBS displays specific features and is not associated with antiganglioside antibody response, which suggests the presence of underlying immune mechanisms.
Published: 2009

46. Grippe et grossesse

Author: Olivier Lortholary, Delphine Le Mercier, Caroline Charlier, Thomas Gabas, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Marc Lecuit, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine [Paris], and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine [Paris]
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Oseltamivir, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virus, Antigenic drift, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Pandemic, medicine, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pregnancy, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, Respiratory disease, virus diseases, General Medicine, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Pneumonia, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses. The virus is responsible for pandemics by emergence of new viral strains, then for seasonal flu by antigenic drift. Seasonal flu is more frequent and severe in pregnant women, with increased risk of pneumonia and increased risk of hospitalization (but no increased death reported). Pandemic flu is more severe in pregnant women, with increased risk of pneumonia and increased mortality. Influenza vaccination is recommended for all women who are or will be pregnant (in any trimester) during influenza season. After closed contact with a flu case or in case of symptoms compatible with flu, early oseltamivir-based treatment (prophylactic in the first situation, curative in the latter one) is recommended, at any term of pregnancy. The occurrence of flu symptoms in a pregnant woman requires medical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis or identify any alternative infection requiring appropriate therapy like listeriosis, chorioamniotitis, pyelonephritis or viral primo-infection.; La grippe est une infection virale respiratoire causée par les virus influenzae (Orthomyxoviridae), responsable d’épidémies annuelles hivernales par glissement antigénique, et de pandémies lors de l’émergence chez l’homme de nouvelles souches.La grippe saisonnière est plus fréquente et plus sévère chez la femme enceinte : risque accru de pneumopathies et d’hospitalisation (mais pas de surmortalité rapportée).La grippe pandémique est plus sévère chez la femme enceinte : risque accru de pneumopathies, mortalité accrue.La vaccination antigrippale est fortement recommandée chez la femme enceinte, quel que soit le terme.En cas de contage avéré dans l’entourage proche et en cas de symptomatologie grippale, un traitement précoce par oseltamivir (prophylactique ou curatif selon les cas) est recommandé chez la femme enceinte, quel que soit le terme.Un syndrome grippal chez une femme enceinte nécessite une évaluation médicale pour confirmer le diagnostic et écarter une autre infection maternelle nécessitant une prise en charge rapide : listériose, chorio-amniotite, pyélonéphrite, primo-infection virale par exemple.
Published: 2015

47. Influenza seasonality in Madagascar: the mysterious African free-runner

Author: Steven Zhixiang Zhou, Laurence Randrianasolo, Cécile Viboud, Wladimir J. Alonso, Jean-Michel Heraud, Julia Guillebaud, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Arnaud Orelle, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), and Unité d'Epidémiologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM)
Subjects: Time Factors, Epidemiology, Climate, viruses, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Madagascar, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Travel, MESH: Influenza B virus, Travel, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, seasonality, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, MESH: Climate, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Sentinel Surveillance, Seasons, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza, Human, Situated, medicine, Madagascar, Humans, Epidemics, viral migration, population connectivity, MESH: Epidemics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tropics, Original Articles, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Virology, Influenza, Influenza B virus, time series, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Seasons
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:The seasonal drivers of influenza activity remain debated in tropical settings where epidemics are not clearly phased. Antananarivo is a particularly interesting case study because it is in Madagascar, an island situated in the tropics and with quantifiable connectivity levels to other countries.OBJECTIVES:We aimed at disentangling the role of environmental forcing and population fluxes on influenza seasonality in Madagascar.METHODS:We compiled weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed influenza-positive specimens for the period 2002 to 2012 collected in Antananarivo, with data available from sub-Saharan countries and countries contributing most foreign travelers to Madagascar. Daily climate indicators were compiled for the study period.RESULTS:Overall, influenza activity detected in Antananarivo predated that identified in temperate Northern Hemisphere locations. This activity presented poor temporal matching with viral activity in other countries from the African continent or countries highly connected to Madagascar excepted for A(H1N1)pdm09. Influenza detection in Antananarivo was not associated with travel activity and, although it was positively correlated with all climatic variables studied, such association was weak.CONCLUSIONS:The timing of influenza activity in Antananarivo is irregular, is not driven by climate, and does not align with that of countries in geographic proximity or highly connected to Madagascar. This work opens fresh questions regarding the drivers of influenza seasonality globally particularly in mid-latitude and less-connected regions to tailor vaccine strategies locally.
Published: 2015

48. Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Role of Influenza: A Case Series From 8 Countries

Author: Juno Thomas, J.J. Lutwama, Robert S. Heyderman, Thelma Williams, Amal Barakat, Joelle Kabamba Tshilobo, Dean Everett, Ndahwouh Talla Nzussouo, Elibariki R. Mwakapeje, Meredith McMorrow, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Moses Chilombe, Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy, Marietjie Venter, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Stefano Tempia, Henry Njuguna, Jazmin Duque, Marcelina Mponela, Kathryn E. Lafond, Cheryl Cohen, Gideon O. Emukule, Joshua A. Mott, Joseph Rukelibuga, Lilian W. Waiboci, Thierry Nyatanyi, Jean-Michel Heraud, Soatianana Rajatonirina, Adam L. Cohen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kinshasa School of Public Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Kenya], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Malawi, Ministry of Health [Morocco], Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Respiratory Virus Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Uganda Virus Research Institute, and This work was supported by the CDC (all countries that provided data for this analysis are supported via a cooperative agreement for influenza surveillance), Institut Pasteur (core funding to Madagascar), and the Wellcome Trust (core funding to the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme).
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Case fatality rate, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, Cause of death, MESH: Aged, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Respiratory tract infections, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Bacterial Infections, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Rhinovirus, influenza, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Sub saharan, Adolescent, MESH: Bacterial Infections, 030231 tropical medicine, Orthomyxoviridae, Article, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Environmental health, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, human, MESH: Africa South of the Sahara, MESH: Age Distribution, Africa South of the Sahara, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, Respiratory illness, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Infant, MESH: Adult, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, mortality, MESH: Respiratory Tract Infections, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Data on causes of death due to respiratory illness in Africa are limited. METHODS: From January to April 2013, 28 African countries were invited to participate in a review of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI)-associated deaths identified from influenza surveillance during 2009-2012. RESULTS: Twenty-three countries (82%) responded, 11 (48%) collect mortality data, and 8 provided data. Data were collected from 37 714 SARI cases, and 3091 (8.2%; range by country, 5.1%-25.9%) tested positive for influenza virus. There were 1073 deaths (2.8%; range by country, 0.1%-5.3%) reported, among which influenza virus was detected in 57 (5.3%). Case-fatality proportion (CFP) was higher among countries with systematic death reporting than among those with sporadic reporting. The influenza-associated CFP was 1.8% (57 of 3091), compared with 2.9% (1016 of 34 623) for influenza virus-negative cases (P < .001). Among 834 deaths (77.7%) tested for other respiratory pathogens, rhinovirus (107 [12.8%]), adenovirus (64 [6.0%]), respiratory syncytial virus (60 [5.6%]), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (57 [5.3%]) were most commonly identified. Among 1073 deaths, 402 (37.5%) involved people aged 0-4 years, 462 (43.1%) involved people aged 5-49 years, and 209 (19.5%) involved people aged >/=50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Few African countries systematically collect data on outcomes of people hospitalized with respiratory illness. Stronger surveillance for deaths due to respiratory illness may identify risk groups for targeted vaccine use and other prevention strategies.
Published: 2015

49. Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Alteration of Receptor-Binding Specificity in a Novel Genotype of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Detected in Cambodia in 2013

Author: Veasna Duong, Ruben O. Donis, Amanda Balish, Reiko Tsuyuoka, Michael Prouty, Paul F. Horwood, San Sorn, Borann Sar, Nancy J. Cox, Dora Warren, Phillipe Buchy, Ikwo Oboho, Arnaud Tarantola, Touch Sok, Julie Villanueva, William G. Davis, A. Danielle Iuliano, C. Todd Davis, Paul Kitsutani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Sharmi Thor, Lotfi Allal, Savuth Chin, Amy Parry, Stephen Lindstrom, Denis R. St. Laurent, Davun Holl, Heng Seng Seng, Yunho Jang, Srey Viseth Horm, Beat Richner, Sareth Rith, Nora Chea, Sovann Ly, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Phnom Penh], Embassy of the United States of America, National Institute of Public Health [Cambodge], Ministry of Health [Phnom Penh], Kantha Bopha Hospitals Foundation, National Veterinary Research Institute [Phnom Penh], World Health Organization [Phnom Penh] (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization, and This work was funded by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Cambodia, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Cambodia, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. We thank the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Global Disease Detection and Emergency Response for their support.
Subjects: Male, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, MESH: Genetic Markers, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Genotype, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Genotype, Cluster Analysis, Respiratory system, MESH: Phylogeny, Child, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, virus diseases, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, MESH: Amino Acid Substitution, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Female, Cambodia, Receptor binding specificity, Adult, Genetic Markers, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Adolescent, MESH: Virus Attachment, Immunology, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Virus Attachment, Viral quasispecies, Biology, Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Virology, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Mutation, Missense, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Adult, Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Cluster Analysis, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, MESH: Male, Genetic Diversity and Evolution, Amino Acid Substitution, Genetic marker, Insect Science, MESH: Female
Abstract: Human infections with influenza A(H5N1) virus in Cambodia increased sharply during 2013. Molecular characterization of viruses detected in clinical specimens from human cases revealed the presence of mutations associated with the alteration of receptor-binding specificity (K189R, Q222L) and respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets (N220K with Q222L). Discovery of quasispecies at position 222 (Q/L), in addition to the absence of the mutations in poultry/environmental samples, suggested that the mutations occurred during human infection and did not transmit further.
Published: 2014

50. Ebola: should we consider influenza vaccination?

Author: Sylvain Baize, Sophie Matheron, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nadira Houhou, Isabelle Lerat, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Service de Virologie [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, Influenza, Human, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Travel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Travel, MESH: Guinea, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, MESH: Adult, General Medicine, MESH: Vaccination, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Virology, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Guinea, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

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