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Introduction. The study of the semantics of verbal units that convey relations of mental perception in the Erzya and Finnish languages is due to the need for a comparative study of this group of verbs to identify general and specific features inherent in these languages. Despite the numerous publications on this issue based on the material of various languages, there are practically no comparative works on this issue in Finno-Ugric studies and Mordovian linguistics, which explains the relevance and novelty of the analysis of verbal units containing the semantic component “mental perception”. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the most frequent verbs reflecting mental processes in distantly related languages. Materials and Methods. The research material was illustrative examples in the Erzya and Finnish languages, obtained as a result of a continuous and partial sample from texts of various genre and functional styles, including from print media, scientific and educational publications, various dialect and folklore texts included in the linguistic corpus of the Kielipankki Language Bank with the Korp server and MokshEr. In the course of the research, methods of semasiological, comparative, component, descriptive and contextual analysis were used. Results and Discussion. As a result of the research, the concepts of “thinking” and “mental perception” are described, a semantic analysis of their explication at the lexical level is carried out, namely, the most frequent verbal lexemes with the semantics of mental activity based on the material of related languages are identified. The author identifies lexical and semantic groups, which include the verbs of the Erzya and Finnish languages with common semantics “thinking”, “mind”, “thought”, as well as verbal units with positive and neutral connotations. Conclusion. The conclusions made by the author contribute to the study of a group of sensory-moral and mental verbs that make up a significant layer of the vocabulary of the Finnish and Erzya languages, as well as to the development of the lexicology of the studied related languages.

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The article deals with language reflection, verbalization through metatexts, and interpretation. The expression of language reflection is defined in the works of writers and poets. The research is directed at investigating the text, realizing the process of interpreting the works of great poet A. Kunanbayev from the point of linguistic consciousness, and determining the results. The poet conveys information by utilizing various language tools and constructs that prompt self-questioning. The definitions of concepts, classifications, and characteristics related to language reflection are given. The authors aimed to identify language reflection in A. Kunanbayev’s works, classify reflexives marking the language reflection of the author, modeling them using the G. Gibbs’ model, and comparing them with the psycholinguistic survey materials within the framework of reflexive linguistics. The authors agree that there are two classifications of reflexives, such as metatextual commentary and metalanguage interpretation. As a result of the study, the poet’s self-reflection consisted of 6 elements (Gibbs’ cycle), through the lexico-semantic analysis of the reflexives the poet’s language units were classified as metatextual commentary and the respondents' answers as metalanguage interpretation. The syntactic structures of the language reflexives were determined, and it was found that they are often in interrogative and negative forms. According to the purpose of the article, the reflexives in the poet's poem were identified and classified into four groups (Describing the poet or providing additional information; Working on yourself; Working with character; Positive assessment) by the semantic nature of the respondents' interpretation of the work as a result of the psycholinguistic experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thinking activity is realized in different forms and provides the process of cognition of objective reality and its personal determination. One of the most widespread forms of thinking activity realization, which at the same time allows to present the versatility and uniqueness of a human’s personality, is a written text. A written text can be considered as the final product of a person’s thinking activity, which reflects his personal and intellectual level of development, is a socialization indicator and serves as a kind of guide to the diverse world of personal realization and a kind of the author’s written avatar. The text has special properties that allow to “connect” several complex, multifaceted, dynamic spheres such as the surrounding reality, life and professional experience of a person, their worldview, images of the past, present, future, etc. The connection of language, speech activity and written text, as well as their possibilities to reflect the uniqueness of a person and their activity have been considered. The main communicative tools of a written text have been characterized that allow it to freely overcome time and space, providing the connection between generations and clarifying, bringing to the recipients’ consciousness the author’s personal, conceptual, aesthetic and worldview attitudes, his position, views and the described events assessment.

Background: Although sedentary behavior (SB) before and during COVID-19 has been studied, mental activity-based SB patterns have been overlooked. This secondary analysis investigated the patterns of mentally active vs. passive SB in adults post-COVID-19 pandemic and examined sex differences. Methods: Adults (n = 1255; 45% males; 50% aged between 20 and 29 years old) self-reported general characteristics, anthropometric and socioeconomic variables, and mentally active and passive SB (weekdays and weekend days) using a structured web-based survey. Adjusted ANCOVA on Ranks tests assessed differences between mentally active and mentally passive SB during the day, on weekdays, and weekend days. Adjusted Quade Nonparametric ANCOVA tests evaluated these differences in males vs. females. Results: Adults significantly spent greater time in mentally active vs. passive SB (5.61 ± 4.57 vs. 2.50 ± 3.25; p < 0.001). Mentally active SB was more prevalent on weekdays than on weekends (6.00 ± 5.00 vs. 5.00 ± 5.00; p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed for mentally passive SB (p > 0.05). Males significantly accumulated more mentally active SB compared to females (p < 0.001 for all). Females significantly spent more time in mentally passive SB on weekdays than males (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for individualized SB reduction strategies based on mental activity to obtain the most benefits of SB reduction interventions and promoting overall health post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Although sedentary behavior (SB) before and during COVID-19 has been studied, mental activity-based SB patterns have been overlooked. This secondary analysis investigated the patterns of mentally active vs. passive SB in adults post-COVID-19 pandemic and examined sex differences. Methods: Adults (n = 1255; 45% males; 50% aged between 20 and 29 years old) self-reported general characteristics, anthropometric and socioeconomic variables, and mentally active and passive SB (weekdays and weekend days) using a structured web-based survey. Adjusted ANCOVA on Ranks tests assessed differences between mentally active and mentally passive SB during the day, on weekdays, and weekend days. Adjusted Quade Nonparametric ANCOVA tests evaluated these differences in males vs. females. Results: Adults significantly spent greater time in mentally active vs. passive SB (5.61 ± 4.57 vs. 2.50 ± 3.25; p < 0.001). Mentally active SB was more prevalent on weekdays than on weekends (6.00 ± 5.00 vs. 5.00 ± 5.00; p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed for mentally passive SB (p > 0.05). Males significantly accumulated more mentally active SB compared to females (p < 0.001 for all). Females significantly spent more time in mentally passive SB on weekdays than males (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for individualized SB reduction strategies based on mental activity to obtain the most benefits of SB reduction interventions and promoting overall health post-COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the influence of systematic physical training and sport on the concentration of attention and interhemispheric asymmetry in the students of the higher education educational institution aged 19–20 years. The review of the literature corresponding to the research issue is given. The Amatuni test was used for the practical physiological study. On the basis of the study the author has made conclusions about the impact of physical education and sports on the mental activity of students.

The relevance of the research: the development of high-end manufacturing leads to an increase in the negative impact of man on the environment. So, today the issues of developing environmental consciousness in college students are relevant.The problem statement: the negative impact of a person on the environment is increasing. However, the development of the ecological consciousness of students, awareness of the consequences of environmental impact is not at the proper level that is necessary in the transition of society to the sixth technological mode.The purpose of the research is to prove that the formation of the cognitive activity of college students in the ecological aspect is a necessary condition for the development of the ecological consciousness of college students.To solve the problem, the article considers such research methods as the analysis of pedagogical literature, observation, synthesis, generalization, considers the issues of practical application of methods on the example of classes in physical and mathematical disciplines and classes in Ecology.The conclusions: The use of mechanisms for the formation of students’ ability to show initiative in problem-dialogical interaction in matters relating to environmental problems contributes to the development of students’ environmental consciousness, the growth of their responsibility for the effectiveness of their professional activities, and the impact on the ecosystem.

Представлено обзорно-аналитическое рассмотрение профессионализации педагогического мышления как длительного процесса овладения выбранной профессией, возникающего в довузовском периоде и продолжающегося на вузовской и послевузовской стадии подготовки и повышения квалификации. Обосновано, что профессионализация мышления педагога сопровождается развитием его личности посредством осуществления в выполняемой профессиональной деятельности когнитивных и личностных психологических механизмов. Ресурсные возможности профессионализации педагогического мышления характеризуются личностной направленностью мыслительной деятельности как основы творческой самореализации педагога. Такая направленность характеризуется установлением надситуативной проблемности, что позволяет учителю в анализ педагогической проблемной ситуации включать учет не только ситуационных, но и личностных характеристик. Осознание собственных личностных особенностей, значимых для оптимального разрешения возникшего профессионального затруднения, составляет духовную опору педагога. Личностные новообразования возникают тогда, когда учитель осознает, каких личностных качеств не хватает для достижения намеченной цели в процессе совладания с появившимися трудностями.

This paper seeks to evaluate experiential facets of thinking action using first-person phenomenological methods. We begin our considerations using a simple mathematical proof as a case study—and also employ phenomenological contrasts between different types of thinking. They reveal that thinking actions produce performative insights rather than dispositional or remembered knowledge. This distinction allows us to introduce a new mode of thinking that is different from most known types of thinking, namely pure thinking action. The performative nature of this pure thinking action is participative and receptive with respect to concepts and has the quality of being persistent and coherent during its episode of action. Moreover, it is the often unattended source of thinking everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and aim: Pain is known as the greatest complication of cancer and cancer-related therapies. Therefore, control of pain has been considered with pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical methods. This study was performed to survey of mental and psychological activities in control of pain in patients with breast cancer. Methods and materials: 166 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly in a specialist hospital in Tehran, Iran and the questionnaire, and the consent letter was completed by them. Patients were categorized into three groups; first group includes patients with great spirits and hope for complete recovery. Second group includes patients with major depression, and third group includes patients with moderate spirits. Most data in this study were for the primary group. Results: According to data, in the deviation group, no acceptable mean of pain was obtained. In the hypothesis group, mean of pain was more passable. In the group which patients were conversed with own, mean of pain was more than previous two groups. The lowest mean of pain was related to the negative hypothesis group, and the highest mean of pain was related to patients who were prayed and hoped. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that deviation and activity of mental are good way to control and reduce of pain. This method is without side effects, inexpensive and accessible, which reduces of pain in patients. This study suggests that use of mental activity is a non-pharmacological treatment to reduce of pain in outpatient and hospitalized patients.

This paper seeks to evaluate experiential facets of thinking action using first-person phenomenological methods. We begin our considerations using a simple mathematical proof as a case study—and also employ phenomenological contrasts between different types of thinking. They reveal that thinking actions produce performative insights rather than dispositional or remembered knowledge. This distinction allows us to introduce a new mode of thinking that is different from most known types of thinking, namely pure thinking action. The performative nature of this pure thinking action is participative and receptive with respect to concepts and has the quality of being persistent and coherent during its episode of action. Moreover, it is the often unattended source of thinking everyday life.

Background and aim: Pain is known as the greatest complication of cancer and cancer-related therapies. Therefore, control of pain has been considered with pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical methods. This study was performed to survey of mental and psychological activities in control of pain in patients with breast cancer. Methods and materials: 166 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly in a specialist hospital in Tehran, Iran and the questionnaire, and the consent letter was completed by them. Patients were categorized into three groups; first group includes patients with great spirits and hope for complete recovery. Second group includes patients with major depression, and third group includes patients with moderate spirits. Most data in this study were for the primary group. Results: According to data, in the deviation group, no acceptable mean of pain was obtained. In the hypothesis group, mean of pain was more passable. In the group which patients were conversed with own, mean of pain was more than previous two groups. The lowest mean of pain was related to the negative hypothesis group, and the highest mean of pain was related to patients who were prayed and hoped. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that deviation and activity of mental are good way to control and reduce of pain. This method is without side effects, inexpensive and accessible, which reduces of pain in patients. This study suggests that use of mental activity is a non-pharmacological treatment to reduce of pain in outpatient and hospitalized patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the possibility and feasibility of using elements of European and Eastern methods of general and professional music education in distance piano teaching. The methods maintain the optimal level of mental activity of students in class, create conditions not only for progress in the formation of skills in playing the instrument, but also for the disclosure of a creative potential of students. The conceptual ideas of the article can also be used in the practice of distance learning to play and other musical instruments. In line with the problem posed, the article discusses the approaches of E. J. Dalcroze, K. Orff, Z. Kodaly, J. Wuytak, S. Suzuki, the Japanese method shouga, Indian konnakol, etc. The author summarizes the methodical experience of teaching piano online, gives strategies and meaningful characteristics of lesson scenarios, substantiates the feasibility of including the methods of “body percussion”, musicograms, rhythmic syllables, hand signs of solmization. Particular attention is paid to the method of improvisation as a means of increasing students’ self-esteem during distance learning, algorithms for organizing improvisational activity are given.

This article deals with the issue of enhancing the mental activity of students of higher educational institutions during their professional training. A range of empirical and theoretical research methods are taken into account to clarify the content of the concept of "mental activity of university students", determine and experimentally investigate the factors influencing its activation. Based on the results, these factors include the humanization and psychologization of the educational process at the university, the creation of a safe socio-psychological environment at the university, the provision of a health-preserving focus of the educational process and the compliance with ergonomic requirements for it, the organization of training students in a cooperation mode and the use of innovative methods and technologies in the classroom that activate the mental activity of students.

Is intuition a conscious or subconscious process, a “sixth sense” or a product of learning? This article contains an answer to this question which is based on the disclosure of neurophysiological mechanisms of one of the least understandable types of human cognitive activity. For the first time with the use of cerebral cortex electrical activity mapping, a comprehensive study of the organization of cortical neural networks and the functional state of the autonomic nervous system of female biology students engaged in intuitive thinking has been conducted. The productivity of intuitive thinking is associated with increasing the spectral power of beta2-, delta-, theta-components of the electroencephalogram. The synchronization of the activity of most frequency bands is manifested in the frontal and motor areas of the cortex, which have close connections with the basal ganglia, which are responsible for the formation of skills. In the beta1-band there are probable intrahemispheric long coherences between the anterior and posterior parts of the right hemisphere, at the frequency of beta1,2- and theta-bands of the electroencephalogram they are combined into large cellular ensembles that cover the central-parietal-temporal loci of the cortex. Synchronization of biopotentials in the delta range covers large areas of the cerebral cortex. It has been established that in intuitive thinking the female students with a low standard of efficiency had a high level of central rhythm regulation, and the female students with a high standard of efficiency had a high level of autonomous regulation. Higher performance under intuitive thinking negatively correlated with low frequency findings and positively correlated with high frequency and the value of the square root of the mean squares of the intervals between heartbeats (rMSSD) in the structure of cardiorhythm. Correlation analysis found that productive mental activity is conditioned by the specific integration of cortico-visceral processes: productive intuitive thinking is associated with the activation of autonomic regulation of heart rate variability and coherence in the evolutionarily older delta and delta-theta systems of the brain. Thus, intuition is a scientific set of skills and knowledge, and the topographic signs of synchronization of electrical processes of the cerebral cortex can serve as objective criteria for successful intuitive thinking, which allow one to predict both individual abilities and the state that contributes to their realization.

Деятельностный характер современного высшего образования настоятельно требует сегодня введения в его содержание и формирования у студентов рефлексивных компетенций, что может говорить о важном направлении модернизации образования в целом. Это касается, в частности, и обучения иностранному языку, где существенным образовательным ресурсом становится использование интерактивных технологий, когда в условиях постоянного обновления информации становится столь необходимым ее рефлексивное обобщение. В этой связи использование студентами интерактивных технологий в ходе изучения иностранного языка с точки зрения их рефлексивной готовности к этому становится особенно актуальным, поскольку студенты не обладают еще достаточным умением выявлять причинно-следственные связи в лингвистических аспектах изучаемого языка. Проблема развития рефлексивной готовности студентов к использованию интерактивных технологий в процессе обучения иностранному языку обусловливается потребностью обновления вузовской системы образования, где имеют место определенные противоречия. Это касается, например, требования по решению проблемы расширения рефлексивной деятельности студента и недостаточной методологической разработанностью качественного введения рефлексии в процесс обучения иностранному языку с учетом использования интерактивных технологий. В связи с этим проанализированы методологические аспекты рефлексивных умений студентов вуза посредством интерактивных технологий. Таким образом, целью настоящей работы стало рассмотрение аспектов развития рефлексивной готовности студентов к использованию интерактивных технологий в процессе обучения иностранному языку.

Classifying different meditation techniques is essential for the progress of meditation research, as this will enable discerning which effects are associated with which techniques, in addition to supporting the development of increasingly effective and efficient meditation-based training programs and clinical interventions. However, both the task of defining meditation itself, as well as defining specific techniques, faces many fundamental challenges. Here we describe problems involved in this endeavor and suggest an integrated model for defining meditation. For classifying different meditation techniques, we draw on classical, contemporary, and holistic systems of classification. We analyze different techniques and propose that all meditation techniques are based on a specific set of activities, that is: focusing, releasing, imagining, and moving in relation to an object of meditation, including fields of experience. Meditative activities can be combined and unified in the activities of observing, producing, and being aware. All meditative activities are unified in awareness of awareness. Defining specific meditation techniques may be done by specifying which activities and objects are involved. The advantage of our approach is that it can potentially account for the inner workings of all current systems of classification and hence it lays the foundation for formulating an overarching system of meditation that can guide future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. A game of chess represents a legitimate physical and psychological stress due to its strategic and cognitively demanding nature over a long period of time. This very challenging situation has not been thoroughly explored and, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research report that has concentrated on both heart rate variability and energy expenditure for deeper understanding of chess players' performance. The main aim of the present study was to examine the HRV and EE of chess players before, during and after a competition, as well as the moderate level of running exercise. Methods. The sample comprised 24 (19 men, 5 women; Mage=24.8) volunteer chess players who have been playing chess regularly for at least 5 years. The average National Chess Rating (NCR) of participants was determined as 1526. In addition, a total of ten participants have International Chess Rating (ELO) rating (mean = 1588). We obtained participants' body mass indexes before the experiment took place. Participants' HR and HRV were taken through the chess competition, and running exercises took place in 3 different time periods; before (15 min), during (30 min) and after (15 min). Results. Our results indicated that there was a significant difference on HRV between chess competition and running exercises HRV (RMSSD, SDNN, NN50 and RR) (p=.001). Besides, there was a significant difference on participants' EE between a chess competition and a moderate level of running (p=.001). Conclusions. HRV values determined in chess competition and running exercise are different from each other. Contradictory to our speculative hypothesis, the current results provide that a moderate level of running exercises requires more energy expenditure than a chess game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the associations between home blood pressure (HBP) and sleep and activity assessed using data obtained via a wristwatch-type pulsimeter with accelerometer (Pulsense®) using original software. We recruited 28 elderlies and 40 employees aged 24–81 years who were not on hypotensive agents and sleeping drugs. Sleep, activity, and HBP were measured consecutively over a 5–7-day period. Body mass index (BMI), base heart rate (HR0), and age showed significant correlation with HBP in a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. HR0 was positively, and log deep sleep duration, negatively correlated with HBP in the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. Physical and mental activities were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a simple linear regression, but high physical and mental activities tend to reduce deep sleep duration. Self-recorded sleep duration had no relationship with HBP. In conclusion, HR0, BMI, age, deep sleep duration, and activity showed relationships with HBP. Using this type of wristwatch and observing daily sleep and activity data with HBP measurement may have important clinical implication.

Ketamine is a glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist and an anaesthetic agent that has been effectively used to treat depression. However, ketamine has also been increasingly used for recreational purposes. The dissociative side-effects of ketamine use, such as hallucinations, are the reason for abuse. Additionally, long-term ketamine abuse has been highly associated with liver-gallbladder and urinary symptoms. The present study reports the case of a 28-year-old young male adult with an 8-year history of daily inhalation of ketamine. We investigated the association between ketamine abuse and the mechanism of its adverse effects, particularly encephalatrophy, and attempted to find a link between these disorders. These results would help us to better understand ketamine usage, ketamine abuse effects and the addictive mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of severe brain atrophy related to ketamine abuse. Details of the patient are presented and the mechanism of the encephalatropy-associated ketamine abuse is discussed. Furthermore, organ dysfunction following chronic ketamine abuse may indicate that the side effects are the result of comprehensive action on multiple regions in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ketamine is a glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist and an anaesthetic agent that has been effectively used to treat depression. However, ketamine has also been increasingly used for recreational purposes. The dissociative side-effects of ketamine use, such as hallucinations, are the reason for abuse. Additionally, long-term ketamine abuse has been highly associated with liver-gallbladder and urinary symptoms. The present study reports the case of a 28-year-old young male adult with an 8-year history of daily inhalation of ketamine. We investigated the association between ketamine abuse and the mechanism of its adverse effects, particularly encephalatrophy, and attempted to find a link between these disorders. These results would help us to better understand ketamine usage, ketamine abuse effects and the addictive mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of severe brain atrophy related to ketamine abuse. Details of the patient are presented and the mechanism of the encephalatropy-associated ketamine abuse is discussed. Furthermore, organ dysfunction following chronic ketamine abuse may indicate that the side effects are the result of comprehensive action on multiple regions in the brain.

People’s intellectual abilities become a powerful civilization resource. Therefore, intellectually gifted schoolchildren’s development should be the focus of the state educational policy. Russian opinion leaders interpret the phenomenon of giftedness as a systemic quality that describes the child’s psyche as a whole. Such an approach turns into a priority to update and enrich the gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience during geometry teaching. It assumes the development of a particular subjective state of orientation and selectivity of individual cognitive activity in preferences. This unique state becomes a mental activity mechanism, not just an accessory. The statistical data analysis confirms the hypothesis: the efficiency of actualizing gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience in the form of their individual dispositions, beliefs, and emotional assessments while solving geometric problems during academic competitions is provided by specifically organized educational activities. It positively correlates with the level of mental activity development during mastering the activity methods with geometric concepts.

In terms of educational practice, the formation of research culture and an intensive growth of scientific information involve the development of methodological consciousness and modern scientific style of thinking, which provides in the long run the social determinism of research activities. On the basis of narrative, historical-genetic and chronological methods, the historical aspects of the problem of formation of future specialists' scientific research culture are covered. The coverage creates a methodological basis for its solution, makes it possible to trace the dynamics of the problem development. It is concluded that still in the eras of Ancient Civilizations and Classical Antiquity the requirement for educating a person capable of searching for the truth, who is able to 'learn great-mindedness', came to the fore. The Renaissance Period was characterized by the tendencies aimed at raising the status of an educated person. The main requirements of education of the Enlightenment Period are the cultivation of scientifically meaningful knowledge. The main slogan of pedagogical developments of the first half of the XX century was to apply research and experimental methods. The second half of the XX century was marked by the systematization and generalization of knowledge on the methodology and methods of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mental activity and physical activity appears to affect body functions differently. Both activities appear to have impact on reproductive functions of the women. Aim of the current study was to compare the students undertaking mental activity based education (MABE) and physical activity based education (PABE) on menstrual cycle parameters. Methods: A total of 390 female students participated to the study. However, the students who were using any drugs (painkiller, contraceptives, etc.) were removed and the groups consisted of 171 MABE students (faculty of medicine) and 169 PABE students (faculty of sports sciences). Participants were asked to provide information about their menstrual cycles, sleep quality, pain perception. Moreover, they filled in a questionnaire about their preferences for visual, verbal, gustatory, mental, auditory, and physical activities. Results: Length of the menstrual cycle was similar between the MABE and PABE (29.5±0.3, 29.0±0.2 days, respectively, p>0.05) but length of menstruation was longer in MABE students (6.0±0.1 and 5.5±0.1 days, p=0.007). MABE students fall asleep quicker in the night, slept one h less and woke up earlier with better sleep quality. PABE students wanted to do shopping and have their hair cut and dyed while MABE students wanted to chat with a friend or make a voyage. Conclusion: Longer menstrual bleeding in MABE students requires special attention as it may result in iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, different physiological (menstruation, sleep-wake cycle) characteristics and everyday life priorities suggest that format of education and social activities of female students might require differential approaches for each education types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human biological rhythms are commonly assessed through physical activity (PA) measurement, but mental activity may offer a more substantial reflection of human biological rhythms., Objective: This study proposes a novel approach based on human-smartphone interaction to compute mental activity, encompassing general mental activity (GMA) and working mental activity (WMA)., Methods: A total of 24 health care professionals participated, wearing wrist actigraphy devices and using the "Staff Hours" app for more than 457 person-days, including 332 workdays and 125 nonworkdays. PA was measured using actigraphy, while GMA and WMA were assessed based on patterns of smartphone interactions. To model WMA, machine learning techniques such as extreme gradient boosting and convolutional neural networks were applied, using human-smartphone interaction patterns and GPS-defined work hours. The data were organized by date and divided into person-days, with an 80:20 split for training and testing data sets to minimize overfitting and maximize model robustness. The study also adopted the M10 metric to quantify daily activity levels by calculating the average acceleration during the 10-hour period of highest activity each day, which facilitated the assessment of the interrelations between PA, GMA, and WMA and sleep indicators. Phase differences, such as those between PA and GMA, were defined using a second-order Butterworth filter and Hilbert transform to extract and calculate circadian rhythms and instantaneous phases. This calculation involved subtracting the phase of the reference signal from that of the target signal and averaging these differences to provide a stable and clear measure of the phase relationship between the signals. Additionally, multilevel modeling explored associations between sleep indicators (total sleep time, midpoint of sleep) and next-day activity levels, accounting for the data's nested structure., Results: Significant differences in activity levels were noted between workdays and nonworkdays, with WMA occurring approximately 1.08 hours earlier than PA during workdays (P<.001). Conversely, GMA was observed to commence about 1.22 hours later than PA (P<.001). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was identified between the activity level of WMA and the previous night's midpoint of sleep (β=-0.263, P<.001), indicating that later bedtimes and wake times were linked to reduced activity levels in WMA the following day. However, there was no significant correlation between WMA's activity levels and total sleep time. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between the activity levels of PA and GMA and sleep indicators from the previous night., Conclusions: This study significantly advances the understanding of human biological rhythms by developing and highlighting GMA and WMA as key indicators, derived from human-smartphone interactions. These findings offer novel insights into how mental activities, alongside PA, are intricately linked to sleep patterns, emphasizing the potential of GMA and WMA in behavioral and health studies., (©Hung-Hsun Chen, Chen Lin, Hsiang-Chih Chang, Jen-Ho Chang, Hai-Hua Chuang, Yu-Hsuan Lin. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 17.06.2024.)

Background. Non-invasive continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is of longstanding interest in various cardiovascular scenarios. In this context, pulse arrival time (PAT), i.e., a surrogate parameter for systolic BP (change), became very popular recently, especially in the context of cuffless BP measurement and dedicated lifestyle interventions. Nevertheless, there is also understandable doubt on its reliability in uncontrolled and mobile settings. Objective. The aim of this work is therefore the investigation whether PAT follows oscillometric systolic BP readings during moderate interventions by physical or mental activity using a medical grade handheld device for non-invasive PAT assessment. Approach. A study was conducted featuring an experimental group performing a physical and a mental task, and a control group. Oscillometric BP and PAT were assessed at baseline and after each intervention. Interventions were selected randomly but then performed sequentially in a counterbalanced order. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to test within-subject and between-subject effects for the dependent variables, followed by univariate analyses for post-hoc testing. Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed to assess the association of intervention effects between BP and PAT. Main The study included 51 subjects (31 females). Multivariate analysis of variances showed that effects in BP, heart rate, PAT and pulse wave parameters were consistent and significantly different between experimental and control groups. After physical activity, heart rate and systolic BP increased significantly whereas PAT decreased significantly. Mental activity leads to a decrease in systolic BP at stable heart rate. Pulse wave parameters follow accordingly by an increase of PAT and mainly unchanged pulse wave analysis features due to constant heart rate. Finally, also the control group behaviour was accurately registered by the PAT method compared to oscillometric cuff. Correlation analyses revealed significant negative associations between changes of systolic BP and changes of PAT from baseline to the physical task (-0.33 [-0.63, 0.01], results. The study included 51 subjects (31 females). Multivariate analysis of variances showed that effects in BP, heart rate, PAT and pulse wave parameters were consistent and significantly different between experimental and control groups. After physical activity, heart rate and systolic BP increased significantly whereas PAT decreased significantly. Mental activity leads to a decrease in systolic BP at stable heart rate. Pulse wave parameters follow accordingly by an increase of PAT and mainly unchanged pulse wave analysis features due to constant heart rate. Finally, also the control group behaviour was accurately registered by the PAT method compared to oscillometric cuff. Correlation analyses revealed significant negative associations between changes of systolic BP and changes of PAT from baseline to the physical task (-0.33 [-0.63, 0.01], p < 0.048), and from physical to mental task (-0.51 [-0.77, -0.14], p = 0.001), but not for baseline to mental task (-0.12 [-0,43,0,20], p = 0.50) in the experimental group. Significance. PAT and the used digital, handheld device proved to register changes in BP and heart rate reliably compared to oscillometric measurements during intervention. Therefore, it might add benefit to future mobile health solutions to support BP management by tracking relative, not absolute, BP changes during non-pharmacological interventions., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)

This study examines the impact of interaction human factors with computer used by Local Area Network (LAN) at Regional Office Surabaya Industrial and Trade Training Service. The object of study are employees which worked by LAN Service office and used primary datas non probability sampling with analysis factor throught SPSS 10,0 windows program. The corelation matrix result shows of variable population; Barlets test of Sphericity (BTS) 0,000 proved, and Kayser Meyer Oklin (KMO) 0,671 > 0,50 means sample strength enough. By rotation from 35 variables become 22 variables with cumulative percentation 64,67. Tools is the dominant factor impact of human computer interaction by Local Area Network (LAN). The contribution of variable 10,187%, with eigen values 3,573 consist of; tools by loading variable 0,813, language with loading variable 0,745 and on line by 0,661 variable loading.

Expressionistic «absolute metaphor» is an essential language means of expression and an element of the poetry of an Austrian poet Georg Trakl, and of all expressionistic works in German in general. The nature of such metaphor is in poetic strive of modern poetry for creation of an autonomous world, where the reality may be comprehended only metaphorically. Absolute metaphor in this world is not just a figurative means, but rather an independent cogitative construct, a means of language embodiment or verbalization of the new concept in the distant world. The problem of functions and impact of metaphors acquires the status of the basic philosophical issues of cognition. Expressionistic «absolute metaphor» possesses, apparently, cognitive depth which has not been measured yet and the function perception of reality and text production, which has not been interpreted. According to pragmatics of this field of art, this metaphor serves to reveal and express mental activity of a subject, rather than to reproduce reality. The problem of correlation and interaction of a thing and a word, implied and pronounced, was being developed in different directions, but until today the mechanisms of appearance of such metaphor have not been structures yet into clear cut cognitive or linguistic categories. They are interpreted subjectively, and the metaphor that appears in the result of these mechanisms, according to H. Neumann «codes nothing, it is similar to a flower torn from the ground and floating on the surface of a poem. Such metaphor is devoid of its essential foundation and it is transformed in some creature». Georg Trakl, an Austrian poet of expressionistic decade, can serve as an example of numerous mysterious codes: metaphors in his works need interpretation, but they resist it. Subjectivity of interpretation of his «absolute» metaphors is vividly expressed in translations of his poems into Russia — it is a real challenge for any professional interpreter. Trakl’s metaphors cannot be interpreted in one and only way, and as a result translations of his poems are often down to earth. Due to the differences in the structures of the German and Russian languages, most of translations of Trakl’s «absolute» metaphor into Russian show the loss of its cognitive functions, including the function of alienation.

This study aimed to examine the associations between home blood pressure (HBP) and sleep and activity assessed using data obtained via a wristwatch-type pulsimeter with accelerometer (Pulsense®) using original software. We recruited 28 elderlies and 40 employees aged 24–81 years who were not on hypotensive agents and sleeping drugs. Sleep, activity, and HBP were measured consecutively over a 5–7-day period. Body mass index (BMI), base heart rate (HR0), and age showed significant correlation with HBP in a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. HR0 was positively, and log deep sleep duration, negatively correlated with HBP in the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. Physical and mental activities were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a simple linear regression, but high physical and mental activities tend to reduce deep sleep duration. Self-recorded sleep duration had no relationship with HBP. In conclusion, HR0, BMI, age, deep sleep duration, and activity showed relationships with HBP. Using this type of wristwatch and observing daily sleep and activity data with HBP measurement may have important clinical implication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fatigue may include both physical and mental dimensions. Evidence suggests that physical and mental activity may influence fatigue in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, how physical and mental activities relate to fatigue dimensions in knee OA is unclear. Purpose: This study estimated intra-day contributions of physical and mental fatigue to general fatigue and evaluated temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee OA. Methods: An intensive longitudinal study combined with ecological momentary assessment of mental activity intensity and fatigue dimensions was conducted on 23 participants with knee OA. Physical activity was monitored continuously with an accelerometer over 7 days. Results: Physical fatigue contributed 33% more to general fatigue earlier in the day than mental fatigue, and 11% more near the end of the day. Within-day, previous general fatigue significantly and negatively predicted: future step counts, light intensity physical activity time, and light intensity physical activity + standing time. We found a significant bidirectional association between mental activity and general fatigue, a positive association between mental activity and mental fatigue and a significant negative association between mental fatigue and mental activity. Conclusion: Within-day general fatigue may be a significant fatigue dimension that reduces physical activity. Conversely there was no evidence that physical activity might contribute to lower scores on any fatigue dimensions in this population. To manage general fatigue, physical and mental fatigue might have to be targeted more precisely at different time of the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Climate chamber experiments were conducted to simulate winter commute conditions. • The interactive effects of physical and mental activities on thermal comfort analyzed. • The skin and core temperatures were not significantly affected by mental activities. • Both metabolic rate and mood can affect TSV and TCV by changing heart rate. • Indoor mental status should also be considered when evaluating thermal comfort. The indoor thermal comfort requirements of occupants after winter commutes are subject to variations compared to stable indoor environments. However, the comprehensive effect of mood and physical activities on thermal responses is poorly understood. In this study, 20 sex-balanced participants were recruited to investigate differences in thermal perceptions and physiological responses to thermal environments after winter commutes in a climate chamber. Six different conditions with three different indoor seated activities after step-changing from two different outdoor physical activities were studied. Our findings revealed significant disparities in mood scores among participants engaged in activities such as quiet sitting, office work (typing), and entertainment (watching comedy). The thermal sensation and thermal comfort votes were significantly different between sitting quietly/working and entertainment cases after winter commute by running. Notably, both physical and mental activities exhibited the capacity to impact TSV through alterations in heart rate. This was particularly evident in the context of entertainment activities, where a positive mood was found to mitigate the increase in heart rate, as indicated by wrist pulse measurements, under conditions of elevated metabolic activity. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in skin and core temperatures across different indoor mental activities. This suggests that wrist pulse or heart rate could serve as a valuable additional parameter for enhancing the accuracy of real-time thermal comfort predictions in environments with a constant room temperature. A more satisfying indoor thermal environment could be dynamically created for the well-being of commuters based on the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We view the psyche of HS as an active distributed system, in which the emergence of new subsystem, creativity, about 50,000 years ago created conditions for a sharp jump-over to a new quality level of the system as a whole, into a new class of systems. As a result of the separation of IG from the "reactive behavior," the creation and projection of the creative product (CC) into the external environment, and the subsequent perception of CC as an objectively existing fragment of the world (with control functions relative to the subject), a new hominid need arose: to achieve parametric equilibrium with a virtual construction—a symbol. Satisfaction of this need created a primary frustration—the desire to achieve a symbolic goal that is beyond reach. We believe that the main factor in the evolutionary development (ED) of HS is the mechanism for satisfying this need by resolving frustration, accompanied by the development of technological support for the purposeful forms of HS behavior. The period of formation of the HS psyche, as a system at a new level, coincides in time and meaningful content with the 11th phase transition of the planetary evolution (Panov-Snooks), being the initial segment of the ascending part of the hyperbolic trajectory of ED. We believe that the psyche of this new representative of HS, which creates frustration constructs (virtual motivators), has become an attractor for ED. By an attractor, we mean the finite region of the inevitable convergence of phase trajectories of a complex system, the attraction of which draws into itself the set of possible trajectories of systems determined by different initial conditions. The actions of the attractor create conditions under which the future state of the system, represented by the final state of the system, has a determinative influence on the present system.