Search

The Scientific Organization of Labor (NOT) became the largest school of management in the young Soviet republic, and Alexei Gastev's work as head of the Central Institute of Labor was duly appreciated by both contemporaries and followers. In this connection, during the subsequent period, the ideas of the authors of the NOT were used in management practice to solve urgent problems. In the post-Soviet period, researchers of the national history of management thought considered the developments of the ideologist of the NOT Alexei Gastev as a paradigmatic stage in the development of managerial ideas in our country. This article analyzes not the ideas of the author of the NOT themselves, but the memory of his ideas and how this memory was reflected in the process of their interpretation and application. The research is based on the methodology of Memory studies by such authors as Maurice Halbwachs, Jan and Aleida Assmann, Pierre Nora, as well as on the approaches of representatives of the Cambridge School of Intellectual History Quentin Skinner and John Pocock and the research apparatus of the concept of deterritorialization by Gilles Deleuze. In addition, the author's approach is used in the form of synthesis of the results of a meaningful and contextual analysis of memory practices. The result of the study is a description and justification of changes in the general context of A. K. Gastev's memory practices. Due to the lack of collective and cultural memory of A. K. Gastev in Soviet times, in the early years of the post-Soviet period, the practice of commemoration focuses on the building of memory through the actualization of research on the scientific organization of labor. Further, the context of actualization loses its significance and the process of attaching the memory of A. K. Gastev to nearby cultural objects, such as the culture of the avant-garde era, takes place. At the moment, the transformation of the memory of A. K. Gastev is clearly expressed in the formation of the cultural memory of "Gastevski". This new form of memory does not yet have precise boundaries, but some contours are already emerging.

Copyright of Journal of Philosophy, Culture & Political Science is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An introduction to the journal is presented which discusses reports within the issue on topics related to the history of education including the controversial statue of a missionary in the Netherlands, the narration of public histories of education through memory studies, and historical knowledge.

This article explores the possibilities that the study of personal memories offers to historians of education. All the arguments revolve around three questions: (1) What is your first memory? From this starting point we explore research dealing with autobiographical memories, both earliest and school memories, as well as future possibilities in educational historiography. (2) How would I like to be remembered? This question is related to the memories and archives of 'the forgotten' – in this case, schoolteachers ‒ and the role of historians as 'heirs' to these memories, in line with Walter Benjamin's metaphor. (3) What happens when personal memories become public? This question leads us to reflect on the processes that convert academic narratives into public discourse. When this occurs, the historian loses control of these narratives and is confronted with a dilemma: to become a public intellectual or to go back to the privacy of his/her archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to underline the specificities of Theodor Fontane's work Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg as a place of remembrance – and subsequently of the places of remembrance it contains – as well as the importance that this very comprehensive text has until today for the cultural space of Berlin-Brandenburg. The paper highlights a dynamic of cultural memory that ranges from overlaying places of remembrance to the emergence of new ones. The project has been completed and illustrated with some walks undertaken by the author of the article in the footsteps of Fontane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay demonstrates the usefulness of 'moral injury' as a prism for comparative literary research, particularly between the post-National Socialist German and post-Stalinist Russian contexts. I outline a tendency in the study of post-atrocity fiction to focus on psychoanalytically defined notions of trauma. Subsequently, I explain how moral injury, which denotes the damaging psychological ramifications of transgressing one's moral code, offers a productive lens for considering the literary thematization of morally ambiguous experiences that do not comfortably fit into the categories of victim and perpetrator, a position recently labelled the 'implicated subject' by Michael Rothberg. Comparing the West German author Heinrich Böll's novel Billard um halb zehn and the Soviet writer Vasilii Grossman's Vse techet , I show how these texts emphasize the importance of individually reckoning with one's implication in historical violence as a matter of personal integrity. I propose that developing strategies for 'reading implication' such as moral injury can foster ethical forms of transnational comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying limited cognitive capacity theory, this study examined the cognitive effects of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advergames in comparison to those of print ads and websites. The results revealed consumers’ memories of the advertised drug brand and information about the drug and the disease it treats was the lowest in the advergame condition and highest in print. For the content elements that were centrally integrated into the advergame, however, consumer recall was the highest in the advergame condition. In addition, differential memory decay was found across media types. Memory decay was greater in the print ad condition than the other media conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Media multitasking has been shown to have negative consequences for ad memory. However, there may be situations and individuals for which multitasking is not always detrimental to memory for ads. Two studies explored how analytic and holistic processing styles (trait or mood induced) affect perceptual processing. Similar to previous findings, people processing in an analytic style showed decreased ad recognition when performing multiple tasks; however, ad recognition did not decrease for people processing holistically. People who were processing holistically also demonstrated better recollection memory for the ads seen while multitasking than did analytic processors. Differences in advertising recognition measures (familiarity and recollection), load types, and implications for advertising are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relation between episodic and semantic memory was examined by testing how semantic knowledge influences children's episodic memory for events and their locations. Five‐, six‐, and seven‐year‐olds (N = 87) engaged in events in a children's museum designed as a town. Events were semantically congruent or incongruent with the spatial location (e.g., sorting mail at post office vs. grocery store). In addition to this experimental paradigm, a semantic interview assessed children's semantic knowledge about real‐world locations. Accuracy in the experimental paradigm showed that children's semantic memory influenced memory for locations. Interviews revealed age‐related improvements in children's semantic knowledge. Regression analyses examined factors that best supported episodic memory. These results provide novel insights and highlight the utility of research in naturalistic settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay traces the simultaneous development of two distinct efforts to unify the brain sciences in the twentieth century—one originating at the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) and the other at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Both efforts coalesced around investigations of memory but displayed profoundly different disciplinary styles. At the MNI, investigations of memory loss in surgical patients crystallized a form of brain research that eventually became the paradigm of interdisciplinarity for the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). At MIT, meanwhile, the biophysicist Francis Schmitt aimed to transcend the different brain and mind sciences by discovering a "memory molecule" akin to DNA—this became the basis for his Neurosciences Research Program (NRP). While both organizations failed to achieve the unification they desired, IBRO and the NRP did achieve a social unification of the brain sciences in the 1960s. IBRO established much of the social capital for the Society for Neuroscience, and the NRP promoted the possibilities of a new transdisciplinary "neuroscience." Beyond reframing the history of modern neuroscience, the story of the MNI/IBRO, the NRP, and the problem of memory can help us to examine different and contrasting approaches to "interdisciplinarity" in twentieth-century science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate the logical structure of memory models of theoretical and practical interest. Our main interest is in "the logic behind a fixed memory model", rather than in "a model of any kind behind a given logical system". As an effective language for reasoning about such memory models, we use the formalism of separation logic. Our main result is that for any concrete choice of heap-like memory model, validity in that model is undecidable even for purely propositional formulas in this language. The main novelty of our approach to the problem is that we focus on validity in specific, concrete memory models, as opposed to validity in general classes of models. Besides its intrinsic technical interest, this result also provides new insights into the nature of their decidable fragments. In particular, we show that, in order to obtain such decidable fragments, either the formula language must be severely restricted or the valuations of propositional variables must be constrained. In addition, we show that a number of propositional systems that approximate separation logic are undecidable as well. In particular, this resolves the open problems of decidability for Boolean BI and Classical BI. Moreover, we provide one of the simplest undecidable propositional systems currently known in the literature, called "Minimal Boolean BI", by combining the purely positive implication-conjunction fragment of Boolean logic with the laws of multiplicative *-conjunction, its unit and its adjoint implication, originally provided by intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic. Each of these two components is individually decidable: the implication-conjunction fragment of Boolean logic is co-NP-complete, and intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic is NP-complete. All of our undecidability results are obtained by means of a direct encoding of Minsky machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using fMRI and self-reports, we explore the relationship between ad-elicited emotional arousal and memory for the ad, as well as the mechanisms involved in this relationship. A broad conceptual framework proposes three routes for emotional memory: attention, elaboration, and social cognition. Our exploratory study examines the association between ad-elicited emotional arousal and predetermined ad memorability, as a proxy for memory for the ad. Results reveal greater amygdala activation in memorable (versus unmemorable) ads, reinforcing the association between ad-elicited emotional arousal and memory for the ad. Amygdala activation was accompanied by activation in the brain region termed the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is involved in social cognition. These results are indicative of a sociocognitive emotional memory process, which has been neglected in past research. Future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

While navigating the world, we pick up on patterns of where things tend to appear. According to theories of memory and studies of animal behavior, knowledge of these patterns emerges gradually over days or weeks via consolidation of individual navigation episodes. Here, we discovered that navigation patterns can also be extracted on-line, prior to the opportunity for off-line consolidation, as a result of rapid statistical learning. Thirty human participants navigated a virtual water maze in which platform locations were drawn from a spatial distribution. Within a single session, participants increasingly navigated through the mean of the distribution. This behavior was better simulated by random walks from a model that had only an explicit representation of the current mean, compared with a model that had only memory for the individual platform locations. These results suggest that participants rapidly summarized the underlying spatial distribution and used this statistical knowledge to guide future navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the differential effects of ad novelty and message usefulness--frequently conceptualized as the two major dimensions of ad creativity--on the following variables: attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, brand trust, ad recall, and brand recall. Novelty and usefulness influence attitude toward the brand, but only usefulness influences brand trust. Both relationships are mediated by attitude toward the ad. We also investigate how novelty and usefulness influence recall by both type (brand and ad) and duration (short term and long term). We find that novelty leads to better short-term ad recall, whereas usefulness leads to better short-term and long-term brand recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once a product has been evaluated for use, the circumstances can change and it must be reevaluated for use at a different time. Four experiments investigated processes underlying these reevaluations. Participants received information about a product that had implications for both desirability and the feasibility of using it, while anticipating either its immediate or future use. They were later asked to reevaluate the product for use at either the same or a different point in time. Participants who reevaluated the product for future use based their judgments on desirability considerations regardless of when they had considered using it initially. However, participants who reevaluated the product for immediate use also based their judgments on desirability considerations unless they had initially considered immediate use as well. These results were consistent with a conceptualization of consumer judgment processes that incorporated implications of research on construal level theory and on person memory and judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much attention has been given recently to studying temporal sequences of events, relatively less attention has been directed to understanding the mechanisms behind the formation of global retrospective evaluations of temporal sequences. The findings from this research suggest that a memory-based framework can provide a parsimonious, comprehensive explanation for retrospective evaluations. In addition to accounting for past findings such as a preference for improving over declining temporal sequences and the important role of peak (both high intensity and unique) experiences, we demonstrate that imposing a delay prior to retrospective evaluations can create a preference reversal due to the reduced accessibility of final or common instances. , , i ,. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a combination of exploratory and traditional approaches, we replicate and extend previous research on creativity and memory effects. The first study examines creativity's effect on advertising recall using two nontraditional media: airport terminal and preshow cinema advertising. Results suggest that differences in how consumers interact with nontraditional media influence the effect of advertising creativity on memory. For cinema advertising, where media consumption is similar to traditional media, creativity enhanced recall. For airport advertising, where media consumption often occurs when consumers are in a distracted state, creativity had no effect. The second study continues this investigation of exposure context and extends previous creativity research by investigating the recognition dependent variable in a forced-exposure context. Recognition is measured at four time-delay intervals: no delay and delays of one-week, three-weeks, and five-weeks. Creative advertising was found to enhance recognition, and this positive effect increased over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to extend theory and research on the effects of acute stress in teams, I examined the mediational role of mental models and transactive memory in the relationship between acute stress and team performance, using information-processing theory as an explanatory framework. Results for 97 teams working on a command-and-control simulation indicated that acute stress negatively affected mental models and transactive memory, which helped to explain why teams performed more poorly under acute stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study builds on prior work in advertising by investigating issues associated with the dimensional representation of memory for print advertisements and the antecedent factors that relate to those dimensions. Of particular interest to this research are answers to questions associated with whether memory for print ads is unidimensional or multidimensional, as assessed by aided recall and recognition methods, with the nature of the antecedent factors of ad characteristics and subjective reactions, and with how the antecedents relate to memory. The study identified two dimensions of ad-based antecedents to memory, labeled cognitive and affective aspects, and two dimensions of memory, labeled recall and recognition. It was found that recall is influenced by cognitive, and to a lesser extent, by affective factors, whereas recognition is primarily influenced by affective factors. This research provides support for the potential use of stimulus-related factors in conjunction with, or as surrogates of, memory-based measures of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author introduces implicit (versus explicit) memory to examine advertising effects on brand choice. Whereas explicit memory is demonstrated by the conscious recollection of an event, implicit memory is inferred by an improvement in some task performance as the result of having experienced the event. This research shows that memory-based choice benefits from advertising that enhances conceptually driven implicit memory whereas stimulus-based choice benefits from advertising that enhances perceptually driven implicit memory. The findings provide evidence that the two types of implicit memory and explicit memory are distinct constructs of memory; the findings also suggest that implicit memory measures may be more useful indicators of advertising effectiveness than explicit memory measures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four studies show that consumers have not one but two distinct learning processes that allow them to use brand names and other product features to predict consumption benefits. The first learning process is a relatively unfocused process in which all stimulus elements get cross-referenced for later retrieval. This process is backward looking and consistent with human associative memory (HAM) models. The second learning process requires that a benefit be the focus of prediction during learning. It assumes feature-benefit associations change only to the extent that the expected performance of the product does not match the experienced performance of the product. This process is forward looking and consistent with adaptive network models. The importance of this two-process theory is most apparent when a product has multiple features. During HAM learning, each feature-benefit association will develop independently. During adaptive learning, features will compete to predict benefits and, thus, feature-benefit associations will develop interdependently. We find adaptive learning of feature-benefit associations when consumers are motivated to learn to predict a benefit (e.g., because it is perceived to have hedonic relevance) but find HAM learning when consumers attend to an associate of lesser motivational significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This randomized, controlled, single-blind study compared the efficacy of group versus individual memory rehabilitation therapy for patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). Subjects (N = 65) were assigned to individual (IT), group (GT), or no (NT) therapy during the three-week rehabilitation program. A neuropsychological assessment was conducted before treatment, immediately after completing treatment, and 4 months after completing treatment. Three levels of functioning were assessed: participation, disability, and impairment. The primary outcome measure was the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT). The results of the cognitive measures in the three groups at subsequent assessments were compared, and the effect sizes were calculated to investigate the magnitude of improvement. Results: There were no significant changes in self-reported patient memory problems for the participation-level measures. However, relatives of participants in the GT group reported a decreased frequency of memory failures (p = .026). According to the ability-level measure (RBMT), both therapeutic groups had similar significant improvements (p < .001), and the effect sizes were large in both groups. Although the NT group also improved (p = .015), the effect size was small. The differences between the three groups were not significant according to analysis of variance (ANOVA). However, after therapy was completed, only the GT group continued to improve (p = .013). For the impairment-level measures, the IT group showed significant improvement post treatment in three out of four measures (p < .05). This group had medium effect sizes, while the other groups showed a small or marginal effect. Conclusions: Cognitive rehabilitation - either in a group or individually - led to equally enhanced memory functioning in ABI patients, but the effects were not significantly different from those for patients in the NT group. GT and IT had specific effects on different levels of functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that increasing levels of clutter on television lead to diminished memory retrieval for advertised brands. Although earlier studies have shown that clutter decreases an individual's ability to recall a brand, it is not clear that clutter will have the same effect on other measures of memory. Two experiments with important methodologic differences from prior clutter studies investigated the impact of clutter on recognition, aided recall, and unaided recall. The results suggest that clutter may not significantly affect an individuals true ability to remember what was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author investigates whether using a decompositional question (which decomposes an event into subcategories and elicits frequencies at the subcategory level) is effective in increasing the accuracy of frequency judgments elicited in consumer surveys. Results of a study show that the decompositional question makes the process of eliciting frequencies less effortful and enhances the accuracy of the elicited frequencies for frequent, irregular behaviors (i.e., occurring at sporadic intervals), but not for frequent, regular behaviors. Mediational analyses confirm that these effects manifest because the decompositional question triggers an episodic recall strategy, which enhances the efficiency of the judgment formulation process for irregular behaviors but interferes with the normal process for regular behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigate a model for using what is said in a television commercial to predict what viewers recall of it. The psycholinguistically based ad language model (ALM) was applied to analysis of the propositional structure of 19 commercial scripts and 941 associated viewer recall protocols. The protocols came from either day-after telephone interviews by market research agencies or immediate free recall after forced exposure. Stepwise regressions with ALM script measures as predictors accounted for significant portions of the variance in ALM measures of how many ideas viewers would generate when recalling, how much information about execution and product characteristics they would recall, and their use of brand name and descriptive words. ALM script measures also predicted the day-after recall scores available for 16 of the commercials. Linking of the propositional structures of commercials with their recall leads to an improved foundation for use of recall in the evaluation of advertising messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study looking at the motor skill recall of expert dancers for structured and unstructured sequences in modern dance. The study did not find an association between skill level and information structure. The article discusses memory structures, skill levels, skill-by-information structure interaction, choreographers, and the differences between ballet and modern dance.