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В статье представлено сравнительное исследование образов албасты, русалок, кикимор, лобасты с точки зрения их происхождения, визуальных характеристик, функциональных свойств, символического значения и роли в казахском и славянском фольклоре. Проанализировано происхождение этих образов, дана классификация албасты (Кара Алабсты, Сары Албасты и Сасык Алсбасты), установлено типологическое родство албасты, русалок и кикимор. Выявлены общие родовые свойства этих фольклорных персонажей. Проанализирована динамика их исторического развития и трансформации. Сравнительный анализ албасты и русалок приводит авторов к выводу и об их функциональном различии: Албасты реализует архетип матери, русалка оказывается ближе к архетипу анимы, женщины. Образ «лобасты» в славянском фольклоре является вторичным, заимствованным у тюркских народов., The article presents a comparative study of the images of albasty, rusalka, kikimora and lobasta in terms of their origin, visual characteristics, functional properties, symbolic meaning and role in Kazakh and Slavic folklore. The authors analyze the origin of these images, the classification of albastys (Kara Alabsty, Sary Albasty and Sasyk Alsbasty), the typological relationship of albastys, rusalkas and kikimoras, and reveal general generic properties of these folk characters and dynamics of their historical development and transformation. A comparative analysis of albastys and rusalkas leads the authors to a conclusion about their functional difference: albasty implements the archetype of the mother, rusalka is closer to woman’s archetype of anima. The image of “lobasta” in Slavic folklore is a secondary one, it was borrowed from the Turkic cultures.

I remember it very clearly… After I had been sleeping for a while my dream shifted to a really open field surrounded by trees. Pine. I think they were pine trees. Everything was really bright and colorful, and it was really sunny, but it wasn’t like a normal sunny where my eyes hurt but it was just lovely. I was sitting in this soft grass on a red gingham picnic blanket by myself when I heard footsteps next to me. I looked to my left and there was a man whose face I couldn’t see because the sun was shining behind his head, holding a picnic basket who said, “thanks for waiting.” Then he sat down. When he sat down, I recognized him as a missionary I was serving with. We just had some friendly conversation and I guess I had somewhere to go because I got up to leave and when I turned, he grabbed my hand and smiled and said, “I’m your future husband.” I remember sitting up clutching my chest panting heavily really early in the morning. My companion was still sleeping in her bed across the room from me. I didn’t want to pay it any attention because I didn’t want to get distracted and pushed it out of my head. Then that elder and I got transferred into the same area together and served there for four and a half months. I never talked about that dream with anyone and it kind of escaped my memory. August rolled around, he had gone home. Somehow he got my email and started to message me on Mondays and I would reply. After I got home, I went to the Temple alone and as I was in the hallway I caught my reflection in the mirror and had a moment where I saw him standing next to me in white and I could feel his hand in mine… it kind of freaked me out but I had this feeling that it would all be okay. The next day he called and he asked me on a date and I had this out of body experience where I said yes without thinking. It was like I was seeing myself say yes but I wasn’t actually the one saying it. Long story short, 12 months later we were married in the Newport Beach Temple for time and eternity. I know it sounds ridiculous but it’s completely true. I swear it on my life. I’ve only told this story one other time and that was to my husband who it was about.

Uh I just saw a face one time. I remember I was sleeping um and I looked down at the feet of my bed I just saw like a face. It kinda looked like grandma’s face. Just staring at me. Went back to bed, nothing ever happened.

It wasn’t my favorite one that’s for sure. So I was sleeping. Uh I can’t remember when it was. I was young. This was back in the day. I was probably like--I don’t know-- seven or eight or something. I was sleeping and I sleep--I used to sleep with my door open for the longest time and the fan was on. And I was I was asleep and everything’s fine and then then--I guess I guess that’s what woke me up. All the sud--like I heard like a FOO FOO FOO you know? I was like what the heck is that. My eyes like slowly opened I just see something moving like crazy fast and my eyes popped open wide and my door’s just going mock 90 op--like full open all the way to like full close. Full open full close. Like--like I’m telling you mock 90 that thing was going ham DODODODODODODO[imitating door slamming open and shut]Like like someone was like standing there like--like the same speed if someone was standing there doing it manually or whatever but I didn’t see anyone. So I like ran through the door and ran straight to Mom’s room. That was the scariest one. And then she just said it was my fan, you know, the airflow the fan in the house the house fan all that bullcrap whatever. And it got me to bed but now I think about it bullcrap was that a fan. I don’t know what fan could make a door do that. That’s for sure. That was Scare-ey.

I am in bed sleeping and about one or two o’clock in the morning I thought I heard something down the hallway. Right sleeping I could look down our hallway clear to the kitchen and...so i raise up and I look over and I can see something walking down the hallway. At me. And then I thought I was dreaming. You know how you think you’re dreaming? I rubbed my eyes and I’m looking and I did that and it was at the foot of my bed. And it was like...it was doing something weird. With its head? Yeah. Moving back and forth or something? Yeah real slow like[demonstrates bobbing head] I don’t know. So our water bed took up like our whole bedroom so I was trying to get the door to shut but I couldn’t because it was hitting the edge of the bed. So I ripped it off the hinges and shut my door. And called my mom. I think I called my mom. And then--when did you talk to Rob? Oh no that was the time I called Rob! I called him immediately, told him what was happening. He said while I was telling him that story his bathwater came on full blast. So then like a week laters when um Robert and um--oh what’s her name--his wife were down and she came out of the bathroom-- They spent the night at your house? Yeah and she said something grabbed her shoulders--she thought Rob walked in there or something. While she was taking a shower? Yeah she turned around and no one was there. Ew. Here’s the thing, we got out of that place.

Hillary: “Whenever you’re ready, go ahead” Jack: “So, I was around 5 or 6 years old, so I don't remember a lot of it personally but was later told the things that I didn't remember. Anyway, this was after my parents had been told a few years before this that they couldn't get pregnant again and then (however old I was in years) and they were pregnant. Well at the time everyone, my older sister, my mom, and my dad all wanted a girl, (being the only son I can only imagined the trouble I must have caused to get that response) and so as just a kid, I went along with what everyone else said. As a family and in our personal prayers we would all pray both in family and personal prayer that the baby was a girl. One of the things I do remember very clearly is my sister living in my room for a while so that my parents could remodel her room to get ready for the new baby "girl" so that they would share the room and I remember asking my mom why my room wasn't remodeled and she told me that if we were going to have a boy we would remodel my room.” Now I don't remember it clearly, but my parents later told me that one day I walked down the stairs and I boldly declared that I was NOT going to have a baby sister but a baby brother and that the baby was going to be a boy. My parents, humoring me because I was a child asked why I believe that, of which I responded, ‘Jesus told me!’” Hillary: “No way!” [both laugh] Jack: “Yes, that’s what I said!” [both laugh] “They of course laughed and chopped it up to me being a young boy and continued to remodel my sister's room. But from that time forth while the rest of my family continued to pray for a baby girl, my prayers changed to pray for the baby boy. Again, both in family or personal prayer. Even when my parents would help me pray (as again I'm around five or six) whenever they prompted me to pray for a girl, I would change it to praying for a boy.” [laughter] “Now it may have been because my parents were so sure that it was going to be a girl, they took a very long time to check the baby's sex. But when they eventually did, rather close to the day of delivery, they found out that indeed it was a boy, proving that I was right. Now the birth happened so soon after they found out (he was premature) that they didn't have time to remodel my room, but I got a brother and not a sister.”

Jay: Do you remember Teddy [Teddy Louis Ivan Sneddon Jr, born 21 April 1920] at all? NHH: Yes. I was in junior high when he died but I remember him ‘cause he was such a cute little thing and he was so sick. Oh gee, that poor little guy. He couldn’t even walk across the room without he was just…couldn’t get any breath. And it was just a blessing. I was there when he died. Jay: Do you remember that evening? They said someone saw someone… NHH: My brother, Rod [Rodney Wareing Hillam, born 07 January 1892]. He was sitting out on the front porch, and he came in and was just as white as a sheet. And we looked at him as asked, “What was the matter?” He said, “I just saw Brentnall [Jesse Brentnall Higgs, Jr, born 11 Jun 1894].” Now that is a cousin of ours who had died just within a couple years before that. And we thought, “Oh, come on now…you must be kidding.” So he [Rod] said, “No. I think Teddy is going to die tonight, and Brentnall has come to take him.” And, by golly, the next day he [Teddy] died. I was in junior high, and was shook the day Teddy died. I remember going to school and the teacher came and asked what was the matter with me, and I told her about Teddy. We had all loved him so because he was so sick. We would have loved him anyway, but you know what I mean. He was just a sweet little kid but he couldn’t do much because he was so sickly. He could walk, but most of the time, we carried him, he was small. He didn’t gain much weight. He didn’t run much, ‘cause he couldn’t, you know, he was just so sickly. We knew what was the matter with him. He was what you call a “blue baby”. When he was born, he was just blue. The blood never circulates right. He had a very bad heart. They said they were surprised that he even lived to be five years old. He was a smart little kid, could talk, carry on good conversations and everything. One time…I don’t remember who’s lap he was sitting on…but he [Teddy] went to sleep. When he woke up, he turned to whoever was holding him, and…gosh, I forgot where he said he had been. But he said, “It was beautiful. And there was all pretty flowers around”. He described like he had been some place that was nothing like around we lived. So we all put two and two together and decided that it was just about time for him to go. Maybe he had been to heaven and had a good look at it, and seen how beautiful it was. Just before Jo died [Josephine May Wareing Hillam Sneddon, born 16 June 1896, mother of Teddy]…now I didn’t see it, but I was told this. I got out there before she died ‘cause I wanted to see her. I couldn’t stay because I had little tiny kids. But anyway, they said that one day she was just lying there and she kept staring over in this corner, and she would look over and would stare. Pretty soon, they would say, “What are you looking at that for?” And she’d then look back at them, just like “are you nuts, can’t you see?” So she’d stare back at that corner again. One day, somebody said, “Jo, what are you looking at?” And she said, “That’s Teddy over in the corner. Teddy’s over there.” And, by golly, she died right after that. I get shaky when I talk about these things, you know. But I believe that.

I remember that even before you dad died there were weird things that would happen in the house. THat your dad always said it was--that the house was haunted. ODIE! Odie?[yelling for dog] So didn’t someone say somebody had died here beside your dad? A-That’s what the neighbors told us. L-So I unfortunately can’t remember all the things that happened before. A-Well you could talk about the radio.(That’s weird). L-So when your dad was alive he liked to listen to the radio in the garage while we was out working--it was on the workbench in his garage cause he liked to listen to the radio while he was out there and um...at one--so somehow it got set to the alarm mode where it would just come on and be the buzzing annoying alarm--well first actually I should say--come on as the alarm to music out there in the garage. Or radio station. SO one time it got set to that. And then it got--it changed and all the sudden it was set to buzzing. So we’d come home every now and then and it’s going off in the garage. EEEEHHHHHH[imitating buzzing sound]. But we were just--neither of us ever fixed it. It just buzzed and it would turn off after an hour. So then after your dad died I remember one day going out there and it changed back again to music. All by itself. So I can’t remember-- I think it was a significant song but I can’t remember. It was weird. And nobody ever changed it. It just changed itself.

So Michael and I had had an argument. And we were laying in bed...and all of a sudden--and it was late it was like midnight--there was a crashing sound in your room. So we go in there and your jewelry tray had fallen off the shelf. And it tipped-- A-The top shelf. L-It was on the very top shelf. And it was three tiers--your jewelry tray was three tiers high. And it landed straight up and down like it had totally just been picked up and dropped straight down. Nothing even fell off of it. A-No I didn’t even wake up. L-You didn’t wake up. It totally crashed. I heard it. Michael heard it. And you didn’t even wake up. It was a loud crash. And yet it was--weird. Nothing was really hurt on it.

Bu çalışma, Artvin ilçe merkez ve köylerinde derlenen memoratların tür ve bölge halkının söz varlığına ilişkin saptanan verilerin tasnif ve değerlendirilmesini kapsamaktadır.Bölgede yaşayan doksan bir kişiden iki yüz memorat derlenmiştir. Çalışmanın daha kolay incelenebilmesi ve diğer bilim dalları tarafından çeşitli araştırmalarda kullanılabilmesi açısından da memoratların yapı ve tasnifine ayrıca yer verilmiştir.Söz varlığının kapsamı sözcük başta olmak üzere sözcük türlerinin tümü ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklanmıştır. Derleme neticesi ortaya çıkan söz varlığı ögeleri saptanarak sözlüksel alan çalışması yapılmıştır.Araştırmaya tabi tutulan bölgedeki konuşma dilinin söz varlığı ile derlenen memoratların genel yapısını inceleyen bu çalışma altı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölüm giriş kısmından oluşmaktadır. İkinci bölüm söz varlığı ve memoratlar hakkındaki açıklama ve tasnif şekillerini kapsamaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde araştırmada kullanılan yöntem açıklanmıştır. Dördüncü bölüm söz varlığı tablosundan oluşmaktadır. Beşinci bölüm derlenen memoratların kaynak kişileriyle birlikte tabi tutuldukları tasnif ile verilmesinden oluşmaktadır. Altıncı bölüm ise sonuç bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Bu bölümde elde edilen veriler üzerinden çeşitli değerlendirme ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Söz Varlığı, Konuşma Dili, Memorat, Artvin, Derleme. This study includes the classification and evaluation of the memoratums compiled in Artvin district centers and villages and the data about the vocabulary used by the people settled there.Ninety one memorats were compiled from ninety people living in the region.The structure and categorization of memoratums has also been included in order to make it easier to study and be used by disciplines by various researches.All of the word types, especially the word scope, are explained in detail.As a result of the review, the vocabulary items were determined and the lexical field work was carried out.This study examines the general structure of the memoratums compiled with the vocabulary of the spoken language in the region under investigation.The first part consists of the entrance part.The second part covers the explanations and classification of speech assets and memoratums. In the third part, the method used in the research is explained. The fourth chapter consists of the vocabulary table.The fifth section consists of the compilationof the memoratums collected by the source persons together with the classification they were subjected to.The sixth part is the result and conclusion section.Various evaluations and suggestions were made based on the data obtained in this section.Keywords: Vocabulary, Spoken Language, Memorates, Artvin, Compilation. 270

Sözlü anlatı türleri arasında Avrupa ve Amerika folklor çalışmalarında yerini diğer türlere göre yeni edinmiş memoratlar her ne kadar şahsi tecrübe anlatıları olarak tanımlanmış olsa da kavramın kapsamı hakkında pek çok sorunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Son yüzyılımızın tartışmalarına konu olan memoratlar halk inançlarının çalışılması için en kıymetli anlatı türü olduğunun altı çizilmesiyle hem bir dönüm noktası hem de yeni bir tartışma alanı başlamıştır. Gerek Amerikan halkbilimcilerin gerekse Avrupalı halkbilimcilerin konu üzerindeki görüşleri, çalışmaları bu çalışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, geçmişten günümüze kadar memorat kavramı üzerinde süregelen tartışmaları içine alarak saha çalışmasıyla birlikte elde edilen metinlerin sınıflandırılmasıyla kavram üzerinde çeşitli analizleri barındırmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, memorat kavramı incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, Adana memoratları sınıflandırılmış ve incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise derlenen metinler verilmiştir., Memorates, which have more recently been placed in European and American folklore studies compared to other oral narrative types, have brought a lot of questions about the content of the concept though defined as personal experience narrations. Having been a subject of discussion in the last century, memorates have initiated both a turning point and a new area of discussion with the emphasis of its being the most valuable narration type for studying on folk beliefs. The studies and opinions of both American and European folklorists on the subject provide a basis for this study. The study consists if various analyses of the concept by categorizing the texts obtained from field studies on the discussion of concept memorates from past to present. In the first chapter, the concept of memorat was examined. In the second chapter, memorates of Adana are classified and examined. In the third chapter, collected texts are given.

This paper analyses the characteristics of forms of storytelling about childhood in relation to the characteristics of traditional forms of storytelling, especially memorate, fabulate, negative legend and tall tale. Their comparison in a ''generic context'' (Stahl) of an arbitrary classification system of traditional oral storytelling acknowledges the specificities of the corpus collected in the course of author's field research of storytelling about childhood, which is designed differently than other corpuses in folklore research.