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The aim of this research was to study diversity of parasitism in bovines grazing in the meadow and steppes ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova. The results of parasitological laboratory and anatomical-clinical investigations revealed that bovines grazing in the floodplains and steppes plans, specific to the northern region of Moldova were infested in 52,5% of cases with F. hepatica, in 35% of cases - with Dicrocoelium lanceolatum, in 24% - with Paraphistomum cervi, in 70% - with Echinococus granulosus larvae, - in 62,0% - with Neoascaris vitulorum in 58,5% - with Strongiloides papillosum and 41,5% of cases - with Eimeria spp. The study of cattle parasites revealed a high level of parasitic diseases due to irregular treatment or the absence of it and also due to changes in the agriculture and forestry systems: the privatization and the creation of little farms or small scale rearing of animals. All these promote the contact between domestic and wild animals and aid in the transmission of parasites and diseases from one animal to another.The measures for limiting the pollution with parasitic elements of ecosystems are achievable by actions of hygienization and by creating conditions of biological comfort. The principles as well as the multitude of actions imposed have to be conceived differentially, adequately to certain conditions of the various ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic impact on indices of the immunogram index in cattles infected with Strongyloides papillosus is 14,3%, while those infected with Dicrocoelium lanceolatum - 19,2%, due to the persistent parasite toxins that inhibit polyclonal proliferation of immunocompetent cells that are involved in cellular immune response. Index of the chemotherapy impact (Avomec 1%, Tylosinum 200) on the immunograni indices at cattles infected with stongiloidose, is 14,9%, while those of dicroceliose treatement (Rombendazol 2,5%, Tylosinum 200) represents 17,9%. These changes are due to the imunotoxic effect of parasiticide drugs and degradation products of parasitic elements after treatment. Index of the posttherapeutic convalescence, over 56 days on average, in cattles infected with S.papillosus (Avomec 1%, Tylosinum 200) is 19,4%, and after the therapy of infected animals with D.lanceolatum (Rombendazol 2,5%, Tylosinum 200) it becomes - 14,0%. Thus antiparasitic treatement aggravates the disease process, causes immunodeficiency with long reconvalescence and decreases animal resistance to reinfestation Posttherapeutic recovery period (Avomec 1% Tylosinum 200) of the immunogram indices in cattle affected by the strongiloidose is 34-40 days, and after treating (Rombendazol 2,5%, Tylosinum 200) animals sick with dicroceliose - 45-50 days. These results are due to cumulative pathogenetic factors and parasitic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In parallel with parasite factor the immuno-biologic resistance of the host can be also aggravated by antiparasite medication, that often doesn't reach the expected result and the adverse reactions are more pronounced than disease symptoms. Antiparasite preparations possess immunodepressive activity, decrease the immuno-biologic reactivity, the therapeutic efficiency, intensify the disease and considerably reduce the resistance to repeated contamination. The aim of the investigation was the study of complex antiparasite treatment of poliparazitism for the prophylaxis of immuno-deficiencies of parasitic order. The studies were accomplished on 4 lots of 10 adult bovine (4-6 years old) of Holstein race. The results of coprologic analysis revealed an invasion extensity by S. papillosus of 56% and invasion intensity (II) - 2-16 larvae, Neoascaris vitulorum - 59% and II - 5-8 eggs, Eimeria spp. - 65% and II - 2-14 oocysts. The poliparazitism was established in 54% of the cases. The associated parasitism (S.papillosus, F.hepatica D.lanceatum, E.granulosus larvae, Eimeria bovis, E.zuernii, E.smithi, E.ellipsoidalis) provokes the nonspecific stimulation of null and Ts lymphocytes and suppress the policlonal proliferation of immuno-competent cells involved in immune cellular response, thus reducing the level of B, T and Th lymphocytes. The antiparasite chemotherapy (Amprolium, Albendazolum 2,5%, Tylosinum 200) due to its immunotoxic effect decreased the level of B, T and Th lymphocytes, and the toxins resulted after the degradation of parasitic elements induced the quantitative increasing of null and Ts lymphocytes. Therefore, it aggravates the pathologic process, provokes immuno-deficiencies with long period of convalescence and decreases the resistance of animals to repeated infections. The tissular therapy associated with the parasitic one (Umbilicenum, Amprolium, Albendazolum 2,5%, Tylosinum 200), induced the increasing of B, T and Th lymphocyte level on the basis of null and Ts lymphocytes. The convalescence period decreased by 10 days, while the period of repeated infection increased by 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]