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In this paper, we study some properties of uniform topology and topological BE-algebras and compare this topologies.

In this article, we first investigate Ricci-pseudosymmetric generalized quasi-Einstein manifolds. Next we study pseudo projectively at generalized quasi Einstein manifolds and pseudo projective Ricci-symmetric generalized quasi Einstein manifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study pseudo-valuations on commutative BE-algebras and obtain some related results. Using the pseudo-metrics induced by pseudo valuations we introduce a congruence relation on BE-algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a quasi-uniformity U on a BCC-algebra X by a family of ideals of X. If T(U) is the topology induced by U, we study some conditions under which (X, T(U)) becomes a (semi)topological BCC-algebra. Also, we show that bicompletion of the quasi-uniformity U can be considered a T(U*)-topological BCC-algebra which contains X as a sub-dense space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to detect spvA, int2 and invC virulence genes of different Salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources, and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. Using a PCR assay, a total of 64 Salmonella isolates were evaluated for the presence of virulence genes. Results revealed that spvA, int2 and invC genes were found in 65.6%, 39.1%, and 76.6% of the Salmonella isolates, respectively. Seven different serotypes were differentiated according to the specific antisera. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics (31.25%), Amikacin (84.4%), Co-Amoxiclav (81.2%), Cefepime (73.4%), Ceftizoxime (76.6%), Ceftriaxone (60.9%), Meropenem (50%), Norfloxacin (82.8%), and Piperacillin (75%). SpvA is a plasmid gene and the int2 gene has been identified on mobile elements. In addition, the chromosomal invC gene is associated with type III secretion systems (TTSS; not present in all Salmonellae). Hence, the detection of these genes could be used to identify the Salmonella genus. High prevalence of int2 and spvA genes was also observed in multidrug resistance Salmonella isolates which might play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in multi-drug resistance (MDR) Salmonella isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a quasi-uniformity U* that is induced in a natural way on a BCK-algebra X endowed with a topology τ: We build a quasi-uniformity by U✻* -Cauchy filters on a BCK-algebra X: Finally, we prove that bicompletions induced by this quasi-uniformity can be considered a topological BCK-algebra which contains X as a sub-dense-space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The spread of infectious diseases is so important that changes the demography of the population. Therefore, prevention and intervention measures are essential to control and eliminate the disease. Among the drug and non-drug interventions, vaccination is a powerful strategy to preserve the population from infection. Mathematical models are useful to study the behavior of an infection when it enters a population and to investigate under which conditions it will be wiped out or continued., Results: A discrete-time SIS epidemic model is introduced that includes a vaccination program. Some basic properties of this model are obtained; such as the equilibria and the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text]. Then the stability of the equilibria is given in terms of [Formula: see text], and the bifurcations of the model are studied. By applying the forward Euler method on the continuous version of the model, a discretized model is obtained and analyzed., Conclusion: It is proven that the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are stable if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Also, the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable when [Formula: see text]. The system has a transcritical bifurcation when [Formula: see text] and it might also have period-doubling bifurcation. The sufficient conditions for the stability of equilibria in the discretized model are established. The numerical discussions verify the theoretical results.

Background/aim: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing in some regions of Iran. The aim of the current study was to assess the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from patients with skin infections in Shiraz, Iran., Materials and Methods: Swab samples were obtained from patients admitted to the skin and burn units of hospitals. The medical records of each patient were collected via questionnaire. All staphylococcal isolates were collected and examined by conventional methods for detecting S. aureus strains. PCR was used to detect S. aureus harboring the mecA and pvl genes., Results: Out of 243 staphylococcal isolates, 55 (22.6%) S. aureus and 91 (37.4%) S. epidermidis were detected. Of the 45 patients, 21 (46.7%) were S. aureus carriers. The mecA gene was identified in 60% of S. aureus isolates, and the rest were sensitive to methicillin. Of the S. aureus isolates, 54.5% were positive for the pvl gene., Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of PVL-positive MRSA strains in the evaluated hospitals. Thus, early diagnosis of infections caused by this pathogen seems to be necessary by intake screening allowing for proper treatment, especially in high-risk patients and in order to prevent the spread of infection.

Salmonella spp. are important food borne pathogens worldwide that frequently infect poultry flocks. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Shiraz (southern Iran) and to find the possible association of infection status with some potential risk factors including vaccination program and use of antibiotics. During October 2009 to April 2010, a total of 40 broiler flocks were selected in slaughterhouse and 20 cloacae contents were collected from each flock. Every five cloacae contents were pooled and investigated for Salmonella spp. using appropriate culture methods. The flock was considered positive if any of the pooled samples turned positive in culture. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Nine out of 40 flocks (22.50%, 95% CI: 9-36) were positive for Salmonella spp. colonization. Nearly 75.00% of flock owners reported that they used antibiotics during production period, more frequently fluoroquinolones, combination of trimethoprim-sulfonamides (TMP/SU) and tetracycline. Nearly 60.00% of the flocks which had used TMP/SU were positive for Salmonella spp. compared with 10.00% of the flocks which did not use this antibiotic (p = 0.006). Increasing flock age was associated with a decreased chance of Salmonella spp. detection (p = 0.003). In flocks which received infectious bronchitis vaccine, 36.00% were positive for Salmonella spp. whereas this was 15.00% for flocks which did not receive this vaccine (p = 0.08). Careful monitoring of antibiotics use and further studies to determine the most appropriate vaccination program in the field is recommended.