31 results on '"MEDECINE TROPICALE"'
Search Results
2. Myths and Realities of the Belgian Medical Model Colony: A Genealogy
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De Nys-Ketels, Simon
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transnational exchange ,histoire de l’architecture ,hôpital ,ospedale ,architecture coloniale ,Architekturgeschichte ,arquitectura colonial ,storia dell’architettura ,médecine tropicale ,architettura coloniale ,descolonización ,medicina tropicale ,Dekolonisation ,colonial architecture ,medicina tropical ,transnationaler Austausch ,hospital ,Kolonial Architektur ,decolonizzazione ,Krankenhaus ,architectural history ,Tropenmedizin ,General Medicine ,réseau transnational ,décolonisation ,historia de la arquitectura ,red transnacional ,tropical medicine ,decolonization ,rete transnazionale - Abstract
This research was part of a broader research project on medical infrastructure in the DR Congo titled “Urban Landscapes of Colonial/Postcolonial Health Care. Towards a Spatial Mapping of the Performance of Hospital Infrastructure in Kinshasa, Mbandaka and Kisangani (DR Congo), from Past to Present (1920–2014),” financed by the FWO (Fund for Scientific Research), Project No. G045015N and directed by Johan Lagae (Ghent University). “At least the Belgians built hospitals.” The phrase is generall...
- Published
- 2023
3. [Caregiving in an exceptional environment: the military operating theater nurse in a tropical zone].
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Petitjean M, de La Villéon B, Lefort H, de Martène H, and Caubère A
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- Humans, France, Military Personnel
- Abstract
The profession of operating theater nurse in the French Armed Forces Medical Corps is often little-known. Called upon to serve in mainland France, but also deployed on overseas operations, they provide medical and surgical support to the French armed forces. Personal qualities - human, physical and technical - are essential to adapt to the environmental constraints of this isolated post., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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4. Télé-expertise dermatologique en OPEX.
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J. J., Morand
- Abstract
Copyright of Médecine et Santé Tropicales is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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5. Entry characteristics and performance in a Masters module in Tropical Medicine: a 5-year analysis.
- Author
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Weigel, R., Robinson, D., Stewart, M., and Assinder, S.
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CONTINUING medical education , *PHYSICIANS , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *TROPICAL medicine , *PERFORMANCE evaluation , *AGE distribution , *CURRICULUM , *EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements , *MEDICAL care use , *MEDICAL education , *MEDICAL students , *MEDICINE , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Objectives: Postgraduate courses can contribute to better-qualified personnel in resource-limited settings. We aimed to identify how entry characteristics of applicants predict performance in order to provide support measures early.Methods: We describe demographic data and end-of-module examination marks of medical doctors who enrolled in a first semester module of two one-year MSc programmes between 2010 and 2014. We used t-tests and one-way anova to compare, and post hoc tests to locate differences of mean marks between categories of entry characteristics in univariate analysis. After exclusion of collinear variables, multiple regression examined the effect of several characteristics in multivariable analysis.Results: Eighty-nine students (47% male) with a mean age of 32 (SD 6.4) years who received their medical degree in the UK (19%), other European (22%), African (35%) or other countries (24%) attended the 3-months module. Their mean mark was 69.1% (SD 10.9). Medical graduates from UK universities achieved significantly higher mean marks than graduates from other countries. Students' age was significantly negatively correlated with the module mark. In multiple linear regression, place of medical degree (β = -0.44, P < 0.001) and time since graduation (β = -0.28, P = 0.007) were strongest predictors of performance, explaining 32% of the variation of mean marks.Conclusion: Students' performance substantially differs based on their entry criteria in this 1st semester module. Non-UK graduates and mature students might benefit from early support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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6. Similarités et dissemblances de la population militaire avec d'autres populations de voyageurs
- Author
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Mardon, Jean-Baptiste, Aix-Marseille Université - École de médecine (AMU SMPM MED), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales (AMU SMPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Gaëtan Texier
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Médecine des voyages ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Médecine tropicale ,Militaires ,Voyageurs ,Maladies infectieuses ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Introduction : les maladies infectieuses sont un combat de longue date pour les armées. Ces dernières décennies, l'augmentation importante de la mobilité humaine a facilité leur propagation. La médecine des voyages s'est développée en parallèle en s'appuyant sur la prise en charge, l'étude et la production de recommandations pour les voyageurs catégorisés selon leur typologie. Par défaut les militaires sont assimilés à des voyageurs mais l'état de l'art actuel ne permet pas de savoir à quel type de voyageurs civils ils ressemblent le plus et donc la pertinence de transposer les recommandations des voyageurs civils aux militaires. Dans ce travail nous avons décrit les caractéristiques de ces différents types de voyageurs puis comparé la population militaire aux autres.Matériels et méthodes : nous avons mené une étude rétrospective multicentrique sur des consultants de 18 à 64 ans européens non-migrants en médecine des voyages du 1er janvier 2007 au 31 décembre 2017. Nous avons analysé les données démographiques, spatio-temporelles, cliniques et comportementales des 57 763 malades de retour de voyage. Les 520 militaires ont été comparés aux autres voyageurs par analyse descriptive, par analyse factorielle des correspondances et par analyse bivariée.Résultats : les militaires européens sont majoritairement français (70,2% vs 13,5%), très faiblement féminisés (6,6% vs 51,2%) avec un profil de destinations non touristiques pour des durées de séjours plus longues (médiane 96 vs 21 jours). La première cause de morbidité observée chez les militaires est le paludisme (39,6% vs 7,6%) singulièrement à P. vivax (53,9% vs 6,6%) avec une meilleure observance de la chimioprophylaxie anti-palustre (40,3% vs 6,3%). Nous avons observé moins de diarrhées chez les militaires (10,6% vs 32,0%), plus de leishmanioses (5,0% vs 0,5%) et d'infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) (2,5% vs 1,7%) avec un plus fort taux d'hospitalisation (46,9% vs 13,0%). L'AFC a clairement identifié les militaires comme étant une population à part des cinq autres populations de voyageurs étudiés.Discussion et conclusion : les militaires sont une population différente des autres catégories de voyageurs sur leur structure démographique et leur profil de voyage. Le paludisme demeure le premier fléau infectieux mortel des voyageurs. Les résultats de cette étude justifient donc d'adapter les recommandations civiles aux particularités militaires. Elle justifie également le besoin spécifique du maintien de l'expertise par des formations spécifiques des médecins militaires en infectiologie (médecine tropicale), en dermatologie et dans la prévention de ces domaines qui doit rester une priorité. Des travaux futurs devraient permettre d'affiner ces résultats sur des destinations précises permettant de dégager des recommandations adaptées.
- Published
- 2020
7. Shifting priorities of shade and northern Australian architecture: Colonial settlement prior to the 1920s
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Cathy Keys
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thermal comfort ,media_common.quotation_subject ,arquitectura tropical ,Australische Architektur ,architecture tropicale ,médecine tropicale ,arquitectura australiana ,razza ,Colonialism ,Race (biology) ,Human health ,State (polity) ,medicina tropicale ,tropical architecture ,raza ,clima ,medicina tropical ,Architecture ,Australian architecture ,confort térmico ,race ,climate ,comfort termico ,media_common ,lcsh:NA1-9428 ,confort thermique ,climat ,business.industry ,architettura australiana ,architecture australienne ,General Medicine ,Clothing ,Architektur der Tropen ,Geography ,Rasse ,Klima ,Political economy ,Thermischer Komfort ,tropical medicine ,Sun exposure ,lcsh:Architecture ,Settlement (litigation) ,business ,architettura tropicale - Abstract
The primacy of sunlight over shade is a relatively recent historical phenomenon in Australian architecture. In this paper, it is argued that shade was a priority for northern Australian settlers in the state of Queensland and evident in their architecture until the 1920s when ideas about thermal comfort, race and climate elevated the desirability of sun exposure. This paper considers the cross-cultural exchange of colonial shade and the increasing avoidance of sun exposure linked to European beliefs about human health, derived from the field of tropical medicine and evidenced by northern Australian clothing styles and the Queensland house. Later sections consider the social and cultural underpinnings of a Modernist shift in architecture prioritizing sun exposure over deep shade. Finally, the paper will consider a refocus on shade provision since the 1990s, linked to rising rates of preventable skin cancer. Historisch betrachtet ist die Vorrangstellung des Sonnenlichts vor dem Schatten eine relativ neue Erscheinung in der Architektur Australiens. Der Artikel erläutert, dass für Siedler im nordaustralischen Bundesstaat Queensland der Schatten eine Priorität darstellte, die ihrer Architektur deutlich anzusehen ist, bis in den 1920er Jahren neue Vorstellungen von behaglichen Temperaturen, Ethnie und Klima den Wunsch nach Kontakt mit Sonnenlicht verstärkten. Der Artikel untersucht den interkulturellen Austausch zwischen kolonialem Schatten und der zunehmenden Vermeidung von Sonneneinstrahlung aufgrund europäischer Annahmen über die menschliche Gesundheit, welche aus dem Bereich der Tropenmedizin stammten und an nordaustralischen Kleidungsstilen und am Hausbau in Queensland offenkundig werden. Die folgenden Abschnitte betrachten die sozialen und kulturellen Bedingungen für den architektonischen Prioritätenwechsel der Moderne von tiefer Verschattung hin zu mehr Sonnenlicht. Abschließend wendet sich der Artikel der seit den 1990er Jahren erneut im Vordergrund stehenden Abschattung zu, die sich aus den steigenden Raten von vermeidbarem Hautkrebs erklärt. Cambio de orientación: la sombra en la arquitectura del norte de Australia y las implantaciones coloniales antes del 1920. La prevalencia de la luz sobre la sombra es un fenómeno relativamente reciente en la historia de la arquitectura australiana. Hasta los años 1920 era una prioridad para los colones del norte de Australia, que se ha inscrito en la arquitectura del estado de Queensland, antes que las consideraciones raciales, climáticas, y de confort, que no incitaban a exponerse más ampliamente al sol. Este articulo trata del choque cultural del periodo colonial, y de la aversión creciente por el sol, resultado de las teorías europeas en materia de la salud y de la medicina tropical, puestas en evidencia por las costumbres vestimentarias y el hábitat de Queensland. Nos interesamos después a los cambios sociales y culturales, al origen del cambio modernista en la arquitectura, valorizando la luz y la exposición al sol, antes de abordar el aumento de interés por la sombra desde los años 1990, ligada a la prevención del cáncer de la piel. La primauté de la lumière sur l'ombre est un phénomène relativement récent dans l’histoire de l'architecture australienne. Jusqu’aux années 1920, l’ombre était une priorité pour les colons du nord de l’Australie et s’est inscrite dans l’architecture de l'État du Queensland, avant que des considérations raciales, climatiques, et de confort, n’incitent à s’exposer plus largement au soleil. Cet article traite du choc culturel de la période coloniale, et de l’aversion croissante pour le soleil résultant des théories européennes en matière de santé et de médecine tropicale, mises en évidence par les habitudes vestimentaires et l’habitat du Queensland. On s’intéresse ensuite aux changements sociaux et culturels à l’origine du tournant moderniste dans l’architecture valorisant la lumière et l’exposition au soleil, avant d’aborder le regain d’intérêt pour l’ombre depuis les années 1990, lié à la prévention des cancers de la peau. Nella storia dell’architettura australiana, la preminenza della luce sull’ombra è un fenomeno relativamente recente. Come testimonia l’architettura dello Stato del Queensland, per i coloni dell’Australia settentrionale l’ombra è stata una priorità fino agli anni Venti, quando le considerazioni sul comfort termico, la razza e il clima hanno condotto a una rivalutazione dell’esposizione solare. Questo articolo prende in esame gli scambi interculturali dell’ombra coloniale e la crescente avversione nei confronti dell’esposizione solare, legata alle credenze europee in materia di salute derivate dalla medicina tropicale e dimostrata dagli stili di abbigliamento dell’Australia settentrionale e dall’edilizia abitativa del Queensland. L’articolo si concentra quindi sulle origini socioculturali della svolta modernista dell’architettura, che ha restituito importanza all’esposizione solare, per poi interessarsi al ritorno in auge dell’ombra a partire dagli anni Novanta, in seguito a un aumento dell’incidenza dei tumori della pelle prevenibili.
- Published
- 2020
8. Raga, medicina tropical e colonialismo no Terceiro Reich: a expedigäo de Giemsa e Nauck ao Espirito Santo em 1936.
- Author
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Càndido Silva, André Felipe
- Abstract
The article discusses the expedition of German scientists Ernst Georg Nauck and Gustav Giemsa to Espírito Santo, Brazil in 1936 as part of their research for the Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases in Hamburg, Germany. Subjects include research on tropical medicine during the Third Reich, the thesis of racial hygiene by German physician Peter Mühlens, and social conditions of immigrants from Germany in Brazil at that time. A brief historical overview of the German emigration to Brazil in the 19th century is also included.
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- 2013
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9. The History of “Belgian" Tropical Medicine from a Cross-Border Perspective.
- Author
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MERTENS, Myriam and LACHENAL, Guillaume
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TROPICAL medicine ,20TH century African history ,BELGIAN history ,MEDICAL practice ,INTERNATIONALISM ,IMPERIALISM ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Belge de Philologie & d'Histoire is the property of Societe pour le Progres des Etudes Philologiques et Historiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
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10. Rapid diagnostic tests for dengue and leptospirosis: antibody detection is insensitive at presentation.
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Cohen, Adam L., Dowell, Scott F., Nisalak, Ananda, Mammen Jr., Mammen P., Petkanchanapong, Wimol, and Fisk, Tamara L.
- Subjects
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NONINVASIVE diagnostic tests , *TROPICAL medicine , *DENGUE , *LEPTOSPIROSIS , *MEDICAL care , *HOSPITALS - Abstract
Objective To determine the performance of rapid diagnostic tests for dengue and leptospirosis that rely on detecting antibodies that may not be produced when patients present for medical treatment. Methods We prospectively enrolled 723 patients with undifferentiated febrile illness presenting to rural hospitals in northern and northeastern Thailand over a 1-year period. We evaluated rapid antibody detection diagnostic tests for dengue and leptospirosis on these patients. Results Sensitivity of the tests was low at the acute visit (7.6–21.5%). Sensitivity at the convalescent visit ranged from 25.8% to 81.5% and was significantly higher than at the acute visit for all tests ( χ2, P < 0.001). Conclusions Low sensitivity of the rapid tests at presentation suggests that their utility in the acute phase of dengue and leptospirosis is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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11. La dengue : quoi de neuf en 2019 ?
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Espindola Gomez, Reinaldo, Mosnier, Emilie, Djossou, Félix, Epelboin, Loïc, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
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vaccin ,arbovirus ,Médecine des voyages ,Aedes ,Médecine tropicale ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,dengue - Abstract
Infectiologie; International audience; pas de résumé disponible
- Published
- 2019
12. La dengue, à nouveau d’actualité !
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Espinola Gomez, Reinaldo, Mosnier, Emilie, Djossou, Félix, Epelboin, Yanouk, Melzani, Alessia, Epelboin, Loïc, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Université de Guyane (UG)
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vaccin ,arbovirus ,Médecine des voyages ,Aedes ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Médecine tropicale ,dengue ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
13. Attitudes et connaissances des médecins généralistes dans la prise en charge de la drépanocytose à Mayotte
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Jouanet, Delphine and UB -, BU Carreire
- Subjects
médecine générale ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,drépanocytose ,Mayotte ,océan indien ,médecine tropicale - Abstract
This study attempts to assess the knowledge and attitudes of GPs Mayotte in the management of sickle cell disease. This genetic disease has a high incidence in Mayotte. This is a descriptive study conducted from February to March 2013, with GPs clinics Mayotte. 24 out of 50 doctors completed a questionnaire on their skills in primary care in the management of sickle cell patients. 73.9% of practitioners experience difficulties in monitoring these patients. Deficiencies prevention were found as 29.17% of physicians surveyed do not perform special education parents of a newborn screened and 20.8% of practitioners do not perform anti-pneumococcal vaccination in adult patients . In the management of complications, differences were noted as 41.6% of doctors do not prescribe appropriate analgesia to painful sickle cell patient. All physicians surveyed considered that the optimization of the management of sickle cell patients in Mayotte is through training. This study is a prerequisite for many prospects and track improvement. A Guide for GPs has been produced and distributed., Cette étude tente d’évaluer les connaissances et attitudes des médecins généralistes de Mayotte dans la prise en charge de la drépanocytose. Cette pathologie génétique a une forte incidence à Mayotte. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive menée de février à mars 2013, auprès des médecins généralistes des dispensaires de Mayotte. 24 médecins sur 50 ont remplis un questionnaire sur leurs aptitudes en soins primaires dans la prise en charge des patients drépanocytaires. 73,9% des praticiens ressentent des difficultés dans le suivi de ces patients. Des insuffisances de prévention ont été constatées puisque 29,17% des médecins interrogés ne réalisent pas d’éducation particulière aux parents d’un nouveau né dépisté et 20,8% des praticiens n’effectuent pas de vaccination anti-pneumococcique chez les patients adultes. Dans la prise en charge des complications, des disparités ont été notées puisque 41,6% des médecins ne prescrivent pas une antalgie adaptée à un patient douloureux drépanocytaire. Tous les médecins interrogés ont considérés que l’optimisation de la prise en charge des patients drépanocytaires à Mayotte passe par des actions de formation. Cette étude est un préalable à de nombreuses perspectives et piste d’amélioration. Un guide destiné aux médecins généralistes a été réalisé et distribué.
- Published
- 2014
14. Raça, medicina tropical e colonialismo no Terceiro Reich: a expedição de Giemsa e Nauck ao Espírito Santo em 1936
- Author
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André Felipe Cândido da Silva
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,politique coloniale du Troisième Reich ,History ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Sociology and Political Science ,Population ,Nazism ,médecine tropicale ,Colonialism ,lcsh:D1-2009 ,Politics ,Portrait ,medicine ,medicina tropical ,education ,racial acclimatization ,Racial hygiene ,colonização alemã no Espírito Santo ,education.field_of_study ,política colonial no Terceiro Reich ,colonisation allemande en Espírito Santo ,German colonization in Espirito Santo ,lcsh:History (General) ,Geography ,Tropical medicine ,aclimatação racial ,tropical medicine ,Ethnology ,colonial politics of the Third Reich ,Nazi Germany ,acclimatation raciale ,Demography - Abstract
O artigo trata da expedição que os pesquisadores do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Hamburgo, Gustav Giemsa e Ernst Nauck, fizeram à região de colonização alemã no Espírito Santo em 1936 a fim de investigar se aquela população poderia ser considerada aclimatada ao ambiente tropical. O debate sobre aclimatação ganhou força no Terceiro Reich, impulsionado pelas ambições coloniais nazistas e influenciado pela higiene racial e pelas disputas institucionais e teóricas no campo da medicina tropical. Apesar do quadro favorável encontrado no Espírito Santo, Giemsa e Nauck adequaram suas observações às diretrizes da política colonial nazista no final dos anos 1930. The article approaches the expedition of the researchers from the Hamburg Institute of Tropical Medicine, Gustav Giemsa and Ernst Nauck, in 1936, to a region settled by Germans in Espirito Santo, with the task to assess whether that population could be considered acclimatized to the tropical environment. The acclimatization debate intensified in the Third Reich, boosted by the Nazi's colonial ambitions and influenced by racial hygiene and by institutional and theoretical disputes within the tropical medicine's field. Despite the favorable portrait described by Nauck and Giemsa in Espirito Santo, they framed their observations according to the guidelines of the Nazi colonial politics at the end of 1930s. Il s'agit d'un article sur l'expédition que les chercheurs de l'Institut de Médecine Tropicale à Hambourg, Gustav Giemsa et Ernst Nauck, ont fait dans la région de colonisation allemande dans l'état d'Espírito Santo en 1936 pour savoir si cette population pouvait être considérée acclimatée à l'environnement tropical. Le débat sur l'acclimatation a pris de l'envergure dans le Troisième Reich, stimulé par les ambitions coloniales nazis et influencé par l'hygiène raciale et par les conflits institutionnels et théoriques dans le domaine de la médecine tropicale. Malgré le cadre favorable retrouvé à Espírito Santo, Giemsa et Nauck ont adapté ses observations aux instructions de la politique coloniale nazi à la fin des années 1930.
- Published
- 2013
15. Biogeographical patterns of African trypanosomoses for improved planning and implementation of field interventions
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Cecchi, Giuliano, Gilbert, Marius, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Delespaux, Vincent F.P., Geerts, Stanny, Wolff, Eléonore, and Delespaux, Vincent
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trypanosomiasis ,Trypanosomiase africaine -- Epidémiologie ,risk mapping ,Agronomie générale ,Biogéographie ,disease mapping ,neglected tropical disease ,Biogeography ,Tropical medicine ,land cover ,Médecine tropicale ,disease ecology ,epidemiology ,African trypanosomiasis -- Epidemiology ,Sciences exactes et naturelles - Abstract
Spatially-explicit information is essential for planning and implementing interventions against vector-borne diseases. This is also true for African trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of both humans and animals caused by protozoa of the Genus Trypanosoma, and transmitted by tsetse flies (Genus Glossina).In this thesis the knowledge gaps and the requirements for an evidence-based decision making in the field of tsetse and trypanosomoses are identified, with a focus on georeferenced data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Datasets, tools and analyses are presented that aim to fill some of the identified knowledge gaps.For the human form of the disease, also known as sleeping sickness, case detection and treatment are the mainstay of control, so that accurate knowledge of the geographic distribution of infections is paramount. In this study, an Atlas was developed that provides village-level information on the reported occurrence of sleeping sickness. The geodatabase underpinning the Atlas also includes the results of active screening activities, even when no cases were detected. The Atlas enables epidemiological maps to be generated at a range of scales, from local to global, thus providing evidence for strategic and technical decision making.In the field of animal trypanosomosis control, also known as nagana, much emphasis has recently been placed on the vector. Accurate delineation of tsetse habitat appears as an essential component of ongoing and upcoming interventions against tsetse. The present study focused on land cover datasets and tsetse habitat. The suitability for tsetse of standardized land cover classes was explored at continental, regional and national level, using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches. The land cover classes most suitable for tsetse were identified and described, and tailored datasets were derived.The suite of datasets, methodologies and tools presented in this thesis provides evidence for informed planning and implementation of interventions against African trypanosomoses at a range of spatial scales., Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2011
16. NET - Neuroépidémiologie tropicale
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Hcéres, Rapport and HCERES, Administrateur
- Subjects
Épidémiologie ,neurologie ,médecine tropicale ,parasitologie - Published
- 2011
17. The burden of imported malaria in Gauteng Province
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Weber, Ingrid B, Baker, Lee, Mnyaluza, Joy, Matjila, Maila J, Barnes, Karen, Blumberg, Lucille, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Faculty of Health Sciences
- Subjects
Paludisme ,Medicina tropical ,Protozoosis ,Paludismo ,South Africa ,Afrique ,Tropical medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Infección ,Protozoose ,Imported disease ,Médecine des voyages ,Afrique du Sud ,Gauteng ,Medicina para el viajero ,Protozoal disease ,Malaria ,Sudáfrica ,Enfermedad de importación ,Africa ,Parasitose ,Médecine tropicale ,Travel medicine ,Infection ,Parasitosis ,Maladie d'importation - Abstract
Objectives. To describe the burden of malaria in Gauteng Province, and to identify potential risk factors for severe disease.Design. We conducted a prospective survey of malaria cases diagnosed in hospitals throughout Gauteng from December 2005 to end November 2006.Outcome measures. Malaria frequency, severity, and treatment.Results. We identified 1 701 malaria cases; 1 548 (91%) were seen at public sector hospitals and 153 (9%) at private hospitals; 1 149 (68%) patients were male. Median age was 27 years (range 1 month - 89 years). Most (84%) infections were presumed to be acquired in Mozambique. Disease severity did not differ by age or sex. Patients who were South Africanborn were more likely or have severe disease (OR=1.43 (1.08- 1.91)), as were patients who experienced a delay >48 hours between onset of symptoms and diagnosis or treatment (OR=1.98 (1.48 - 2.65)). While most patients appropriately received quinine, only 9% of severe malaria cases received the recommended loading dose.Conclusions. The incidence of malaria in Gauteng was higher than previously reported, emphasising the need to prevent malaria in travellers by correct use of non-drug measures and, when indicated, malaria chemoprophylaxis. Disease severity was increased by delays between onset and treatment and lack of partial immunity. Providers should consult the latest guidelines for treatment of malaria in South Africa, particularly about treatment of severe malaria. A change in drug policy to artemisinin combination therapy for imported uncomplicated malaria in non-malaria risk provinces should be strongly considered.S Afr Med J 2010; 100: 300-303.
- Published
- 2010
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18. La gestion de l’épidémie de chikungunya 2005-2006 à La Réunion par le médecin traitant
- Author
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Fenetrier, Emilie, Vernazza-Licht, Nicole, Bley, Daniel, Malvy, Denis, Sissoko, Daouda, Pierre, Aubry, Gaüzère, Bernard-Alex, Service de médecine interne et maladies tropicales, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (ADES), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), CHR Saint Denis de la Réunion, ANR-06-SEST-0004,ANTHROPO-MTV,Milieu de vie et santé: la gestion des maladies transmissibles vectorielles à la réunion à partir de l'exemple du Chikungunya(2006), VERNAZZA, Nicole, and Programme Santé-Environnement et Santé-Travail (SEST) - Milieu de vie et santé: la gestion des maladies transmissibles vectorielles à la réunion à partir de l'exemple du Chikungunya - - ANTHROPO-MTV2006 - ANR-06-SEST-0004 - SEST - VALID
- Subjects
Health Care ,SHS ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,chikungunya ,santé publique ,Ile de la réunion ,comportements ,médecine tropicale ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Anthropologie ,emergencies diseases ,maladies émergentes - Abstract
International audience; Le virus du Chikungunya (CHIK) jusqu’alors mal connu de la majorité des médecins a envahi l’Océan Indien en 2005-2006. Cette maladie tropicale connue depuis les années cinquante en Asie et en Afrique a laissé les médecins libéraux démunis face à des complications nouvelles et à l’afflux massif et brutal de maladies.Enquête de mai à juillet 2008, auprès des médecins généralistes libéraux qui étaient installés en janvier 2006 à la Réunion. Tirage au sort de 100 médecins hors Cilaos et Plaine des Palmistes, non touchées par l’épidémie. On note : des difficultés d’échanges des informations entre les pouvoirs publics et les médecins. Une hétérogénéité des connaissances et des pratiques des médecins vis-à-vis des maladies à transmission vectorielle et des arboviroses 18 mois après l'épidémie de chikungunya sur l'île de la Réunion.L'expérience professionnelle en milieu tropical et la formation en médecine tropicale jouent peu sur les perceptions et les pratiques. Les médecins malades du CHIK ont eu un jugement plus sévère envers l’extérieur: pouvoirs publics, efficacité des répulsifs et efficacité relative des médicaments antidouleur.Les auteurs concluent sur :‐ La nécessité d’approfondir l’étude des perceptions des médecins par la recherche interdisciplinaire.‐ La nécessité de développer la formation des médecins sur les maladies à transmission vectorielle et les arboviroses (diplôme de médecine tropicale depuis 12 ans à la Réunion).‐ La nécessité d’améliorer les moyens d’échanges entre les pouvoirs publics (DRASS) et les médecins.et pose la question, de savoir si "La Réunion et les professionnels de santé sont-ils prêts à faire face à l’émergence d’une nouvelle maladie infectieuse ?"
- Published
- 2009
19. Quality of asthma care: Western Cape Province, South Africa
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UCT Lung Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences
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Pathologie des poumons ,Afrique du Sud ,Medicina tropical ,Asthme ,Western Cape ,Quality ,Asthma ,Cabo Occidental ,Pulmón patología ,South Africa ,Bronchopneumopathie obstructive ,Afrique ,Tropical medicine ,Lung disease ,Africa ,Médecine tropicale ,Bronchus disease ,Le Cap-Occidental ,Pathologie des bronches ,Qualité ,Obstructive pulmonary disease ,Respiratory disease ,Pathologie de l'appareil respiratoire ,Asma ,Calidad - Abstract
Asthma is the eighth leading contributor to the burden of disease in South Africa, but has received less attention than other chronic diseases. The Asthma Guidelines Implementation Project (AGIP) was established to improve the impact of the South African guidelines for chronic asthma in adults and adolescents in the Western Cape. One strategy was an audit tool to assist with assessing and improving the quality of care. Methods. The audit of asthma care targeted all primary care facilities that managed adult patients with chronic asthma within all six districts of the Western Cape province. The usual steps in the quality improvement cycle were followed. Results. Data were obtained from 957 patients from 46 primary care facilities. Only 80% of patients had a consistent diagnosis of asthma, 11.5% of visits assessed control and 23.2% recorded a peak expiratory flow (PEF), 14% of patients had their inhaler technique assessed and 11.2% were given a self-management plan; 81% of medication was in stock, and the controller/reliever dispensing ratio was 0.6. Only 31.5% of patients were well controlled, 16.3% of all visits were for exacerbations, and 17.6% of all patients had been hospitalised in the previous year. Conclusion. The availability of medication and prescription of inhaled steroids is reasonable, yet control is poor. Health workers do not adequately distinguish asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, do not assess control by questions or PEF, do not adequately demonstrate or assess the inhaler technique, and have no systematic approach to or resources for patient education. Ten recommendations are made to improve asthma care.
- Published
- 2009
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20. La gestion de l’épidémie de chikungunya 2005-2006 à La Réunion par le médecin traitant,: Conférences du CHR de St Denis de la Réunion
- Author
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Fenetrier, Emilie, Vernazza-Licht, Nicole, Bley, Daniel, Malvy, Denis, Sissoko, Daouda, Pierre, Aubry, Gaüzère, Bernard-Alex, Service de médecine interne et maladies tropicales, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Centre de Médecine Tropicale René Labusquière, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cellule InterRégionale d'Epidémiologie Réunion Mayotte (CIRE), CIRE Réunion Mayotte, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR, Société de Pathologie Exotique, Gauzeres, ANR-06-SEST-0004,ANTHROPO-MTV,Milieu de vie et santé: la gestion des maladies transmissibles vectorielles à la réunion à partir de l'exemple du Chikungunya(2006), VERNAZZA, Nicole, Programme Santé-Environnement et Santé-Travail (SEST) - Milieu de vie et santé: la gestion des maladies transmissibles vectorielles à la réunion à partir de l'exemple du Chikungunya - - ANTHROPO-MTV2006 - ANR-06-SEST-0004 - SEST - VALID, Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (ADES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), CHR Saint Denis de la Réunion, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
interdisciplinarité ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,représentations ,population ,médecine tropicale ,infectious diseases ,MESH: infectious diseases, maladies infectieuses, maladies émergentes, professionnels de santé ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,SHS ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,maladies émergentes ,[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,comportements ,professionnels de santé ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,anthropologie ,médecin généraliste ,Health Care ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,santé publique ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Chikungunya ,maladies infectieuses ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,épidémie ,médecin traitant ,emergencies diseases ,Ile de la Réunion - Abstract
International audience; Le virus du Chikungunya (CHIK) jusqu’alors mal connu de la majorité des médecins a envahi l’Océan Indien en 2005-2006. Cette maladie tropicale connue depuis les années cinquante en Asie et en Afrique a laissé les médecins libéraux démunis face à des complications nouvelles et à l’afflux massif et brutal de maladies.Enquête de mai à juillet 2008, auprès des médecins généralistes libéraux qui étaient installés en janvier 2006 à la Réunion. Tirage au sort de 100 médecins hors Cilaos et Plaine des Palmistes, non touchées par l’épidémie. On note : des difficultés d’échanges des informations entre les pouvoirs publics et les médecins. Une hétérogénéité des connaissances et des pratiques des médecins vis-à-vis des maladies à transmission vectorielle et des arboviroses 18 mois après l'épidémie de chikungunya sur l'île de la Réunion.L'expérience professionnelle en milieu tropical et la formation en médecine tropicale jouent peu sur les perceptions et les pratiques. Les médecins malades du CHIK ont eu un jugement plus sévère envers l’extérieur: pouvoirs publics, efficacité des répulsifs et efficacité relative des médicaments antidouleur.Les auteurs concluent sur :‐ La nécessité d’approfondir l’étude des perceptions des médecins par la recherche interdisciplinaire.‐ La nécessité de développer la formation des médecins sur les maladies à transmission vectorielle et les arboviroses (diplôme de médecine tropicale depuis 12 ans à la Réunion).‐ La nécessité d’améliorer les moyens d’échanges entre les pouvoirs publics (DRASS) et les médecins.et pose la question, de savoir si "La Réunion et les professionnels de santé sont-ils prêts à faire face à l’émergence d’une nouvelle maladie infectieuse ?"
- Published
- 2008
21. The orientalist sore : biomedical discourses, capital and urban warfare in the colonial present
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Haraoui, Louis-Patrick, Pandolfi, Maria Rosaria, and Nguyen, Vinh-Kim
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Ouaga 2000 ,Orientalisme ,Dromologie ,Médecine tropicale ,Leishmaniose ,Armée ,Ouagadougou ,Accumulation par dépossession ,Biomédecine - Abstract
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
- Published
- 2008
22. Endovascular cerebral aneurysm treatment : Long-term outcomes
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Le Feuvre, David, Taylor, Allan, Division of Neurosurgery, and Faculty of Health Sciences
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Cerebral disorder ,Prognosis ,Nervous system diseases ,Cardiovascular disease ,intracranial aneurysm ,Vascular disease ,Anévrysme intracrânien ,Pathologie des vaisseaux sanguins ,Treatment ,Medicina tropica ,Tropical medicine ,Pathologie du système nerveux ,cardiovascular system ,Long term ,Médecine tropicale ,Pronostic ,Pathologie cérébrovasculaire ,Pathologie de l'encéphale ,cardiovascular diseases ,Central nervous system disease ,Long terme ,Pathologie de l'appareil circulatoire ,Cerebrovascular disease ,Traitement ,Pathologie du système nerveux central - Abstract
Endovascular treatment was confirmed by the International Subarachnoid aneurysm Trial1 as the treatment of choice for intracranial “berry” aneurysms. The durability of coiling and the relevance of stable neck remnants next needed to be addressed. Methods We retrospectively assessed the follow-up angiograms of patients, who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhages or IIIrd nerve palsies and had berry aneurysms treated endovascularly between 2002 and 2003, Patients were phoned to assess their wellbeing and to see whether they were back at work or not. Angiograms were assessed to ascertain percentage of aneurysm coiled at initial procedure and then stability was assessed by percentage change in the residual on later angiograms. Results Over a 1-year period 75 patients were treated endovascularly. 100% occlusion was attainable in 52% at the initial procedure and although the number of patients who attended their 3-month and 1year follow-up angiograms were 40 and 34 respectively there was a trend toward progressive thrombosis to 65% and then 82% respectively. In only 1 of the neck remnants was there growth at the 3-month angiogram. One patient bled having missed his 3-month follow-up angiogram. Although only 40% of the patients were contactable at 4 years there was no re-bleeds amongst them. Conclusion Coiling is durable as shown by our results over a 4 year period and while neck remnants may be observed any growth should be viewed as unstable and treated either endovascularly or surgically if required.
- Published
- 2008
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23. Biogeographical patterns of African trypanosomoses for improved planning and implementation of field interventions
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Gilbert, Marius, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Delespaux, Vincent F.P., Geerts, Stanny, Wolff, Eléonore, Cecchi, Giuliano, Gilbert, Marius, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Delespaux, Vincent F.P., Geerts, Stanny, Wolff, Eléonore, and Cecchi, Giuliano
- Abstract
Spatially-explicit information is essential for planning and implementing interventions against vector-borne diseases. This is also true for African trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of both humans and animals caused by protozoa of the Genus Trypanosoma, and transmitted by tsetse flies (Genus Glossina).In this thesis the knowledge gaps and the requirements for an evidence-based decision making in the field of tsetse and trypanosomoses are identified, with a focus on georeferenced data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Datasets, tools and analyses are presented that aim to fill some of the identified knowledge gaps.For the human form of the disease, also known as sleeping sickness, case detection and treatment are the mainstay of control, so that accurate knowledge of the geographic distribution of infections is paramount. In this study, an Atlas was developed that provides village-level information on the reported occurrence of sleeping sickness. The geodatabase underpinning the Atlas also includes the results of active screening activities, even when no cases were detected. The Atlas enables epidemiological maps to be generated at a range of scales, from local to global, thus providing evidence for strategic and technical decision making.In the field of animal trypanosomosis control, also known as nagana, much emphasis has recently been placed on the vector. Accurate delineation of tsetse habitat appears as an essential component of ongoing and upcoming interventions against tsetse. The present study focused on land cover datasets and tsetse habitat. The suitability for tsetse of standardized land cover classes was explored at continental, regional and national level, using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches. The land cover classes most suitable for tsetse were identified and described, and tailored datasets were derived.The suite of datasets, methodologies and tools presented in this thesis provides evidence for informed plan, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2011
24. Médecine des voyages : médecine tropicale
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Bouchaud, O. (ed.), Consigny, P.H., Cot, Michel, Odermatt-Biays, S., and Coulaud, J.P. (préf.)
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ALIMENTATION HUMAINE ,SIDA ,DIARRHEE ,PATHOLOGIE ,RISQUE SANITAIRE ,PREVENTION SANITAIRE ,PALUDISME ,GROUPE A RISQUE ,MEDECINE TROPICALE ,MEDECINE ,ALTITUDE ,PHARMACIE ,DIAGNOSTIC ,VOYAGE ,VACCINATION ,MOUSTIQUE ,CHIMIOPROPHYLAXIE ,PARASITOSE ,SEROLOGIE ,MANUEL - Published
- 2006
25. Les sciences hors d'Occident au 20ème siècle = 20th century sciences : beyond the metropolis : 4. Médecines et santé = Medical practices and health
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Harish Naraindas, Waast, Roland (ed.), and Moulin, A.M. (ed.)
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medicine.medical_specialty ,PATHOGENIE ,060101 anthropology ,History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Late 19th century ,MALADIE ,06 humanities and the arts ,Ancient history ,HISTOIRE ,MEDECINE TROPICALE ,MEDECINE ,CONCEPT ,060105 history of science, technology & medicine ,ETIOLOGIE ,CLIMAT ,FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE ,Tropical medicine ,EPIDEMIE ,medicine ,0601 history and archaeology ,SANTE PUBLIQUE ,FIEVRE - Abstract
This paper attempts to problematise the founding of 'Tropical Medicine' in the late 19th century as a classificatory act by posing a question: why was the discipline founded when it was and not earlier? In the process, it offers an alternate genealogy of its advent by arguing for a mid-19th century episteme, in terms of fevers, the constitution of the body, and the weather-in originating fevers and in predisposing the body towards disease—both in the temperates and the tropics, as being crucial to an understanding of the discourse on the tropics.
- Published
- 1996
26. Autopsie d'un mal exotique à part : la variole et la vaccine en Indochine française (1860-1939)
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Laurence Monnais-Rousselot
- Subjects
vaccination ,santé publique ,Institut Pasteur ,médecine coloniale ,médecine tropicale ,variole ,colonisation ,Indochine ,sociétés ,Histoire ,prévention ,épidémie ,variolisation ,General Medicine ,small pox ,History ,societies ,Indochina ,colonization ,variolization ,epidemic ,public health ,Pasteur Institute ,colonial médecine ,tropical medecine - Abstract
From the conquest of Conchinchina, the jennerian vaccination was significant of the main Western colonial objectives. It was symbolic of a public health policy. By offering it this wide political and medical mission, the French metropolis had forgotten several parameters such as climate or traditional medical practices which were representative of a tropical and asiatic area. Actually, French doctors never considered small pox as a tropical disease. In a book dedicated to this affectation, Dr Mougeot pointed the Indochinese specific context out ; he also insisted on the numerous difficulties the mass-vaccination encountered. Nobody followed him. For sure these vaccination campains were a prelude to a complete sanitary policy. They also increased the Western practice famé. But the jennerian process has never been employed in Indochina as far as it could. Above ail, this prophylactic method suffered from a lack of adaptability to the peninsula diversity., Dès la conquête de la Cochinchine, la vaccination antivariolique a été symptômatique des objectifs de la colonisation et a symbolisé une entreprise coloniale de santé publique. En lui donnant cette ambitieuse mission, politique et médicale, la métropole française avait oublié certains paramètres : l'hostilité du milieu indochinois, les réticences des populations locales, conjuguées à un profond attachement à des pratiques médicales ancestrales qui, souvent, cristallisait les oppositions à l'impérialisme. Le milieu médical de l'époque n'avait pas non plus voulu considérer la variole comme une maladie tropicale. Le docteur Mougeot, dans son ouvrage consacré à cette affection, avait pourtant mis l'accent sur quelques-uns de ces facteurs proprement asiatiques et tropicaux. En vain. Certes, le programme de lutte contre la variole a préfacé une véritable politique sanitaire. Certes, il a accru l'aura de la médecine occidentale — et continue de l'accroître — , mais le procédé jennerien n'a jamais été employé, en Indochine, au maximum de ses possibilités. Et surtout il a manqué à ces campagnes massives une faculté à' adaptation à la diversité de la péninsule., Monnais-Rousselot Laurence. Autopsie d'un mal exotique à part : la variole et la vaccine en Indochine française (1860-1939). In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 82, n°309, 4e trimestre 1995. pp. 505-527.
- Published
- 1995
27. Médecine, comparaisons et échanges inter-impériaux dans le mandat camerounais : une histoire croisée franco-allemande de la mission Jamot.
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Lachenal G
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- 2013
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28. Médecine tropicale en pays tempérés / Pierre Pène,... Auguste Bourgeade,... Jean Delmont,... ; préface de Claude Laroche,...
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Laroche, Claude (1917-2003). Préfacier, Pène, Pierre. Auteur du texte, Bourgeade, Auguste. Auteur du texte, Delmont, Jean. Auteur du texte, Laroche, Claude (1917-2003). Préfacier, Pène, Pierre. Auteur du texte, Bourgeade, Auguste. Auteur du texte, and Delmont, Jean. Auteur du texte
- Abstract
Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte
- Published
- 1982
29. The history of 'Belgian' tropical medicine from a cross-border perspective
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Myriam Mertens and Guillaume Lachenal
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AFRICA ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,medicine.medical_specialty ,cross-border interactions ,Literature and Literary Theory ,colonial Africa ,Colonialism ,chemotherapy ,MALADIE DU SOMMEIL ,Language and Linguistics ,Tropische geneeskunde ,chemotherapie ,grensoverschrijdende interacties ,slaapziekte ,koloniaal Afrika ,Tropical medicine ,medicine ,sleeping sickness ,crossborder interactions ,Internationalism (politics) ,History and Archaeology ,Medical practice ,Historiography ,maladie du sommeil ,Afrique coloniale ,chimiothérapie ,interactions transfrontalières ,Médecine tropicale ,SCIENCE ,Genealogy ,Nationalism ,SLEEPING SICKNESS ,Ethnology - Abstract
This article examines the development of a "Belgian" tropical medicine at the beginning of the twentieth century It is, however, not simply a history of tropical medicine institutions in Belgium, nor a comparative investigation into what made medical practice in Belgian overseas territories peculiar. Instead, we seek to challenge the pre-fixed national frameworks that characterize much medical historiography concerning the colonial tropics by adopting a relational approach to this past. This allows us to explore how much "Belgian" tropical medicine was in fact constructed through interactions and exchanges across national, colonial and imperial borders, and also, how the colonial dimension affected (the interplay between) medical-scientific nationalism and internationalism in the early 1900s.
30. A dramatic increase in the incidence of human trichinellosis in Romania over the past 25 years: Impact of political changes and regional food habits
- Author
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Silvia Antoniu, Carmen Michaela Cretu, Călin Mircea Gherman, Radu Blaga, Benoit Durand, Pascal Boireau, Vasile Cozma, ProdInra, Migration, Unité mixte de recherche biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité Epidémiologie, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bucharest (UniBuc), and Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA)-École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Human Trichinellosis ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,MÉDECINE TROPICALE ,030231 tropical medicine ,Food habits ,TRICHINOSE ,Trichinosis ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Feeding behavior ,Virology ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,0303 health sciences ,Geography ,Romania ,Public health ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Politics ,Trichinellosis ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Infectious Diseases ,Population Surveillance ,Parasitology ,Epidemiologic data ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; According to the International Commission on Trichinellosis survey in 2004, Romania has the most cases of trichinellosis in the world. Epidemiologic data for each county were collected and analyzed from two different time periods: before (1980–1989) and after (1990–2004) political changes. Data were analyzed separately for Transylvania and the rest of the Romanian counties. During the past 25 years, 28,293 human cases of trichinellosis were reported with an incidence of 51.0 cases per 106 persons per year. An important increase in the incidence was observed from 1980 to 1989 compared with the 1990–2004 period. For the entire period, the incidence rate obtained for Transylvanian counties (82.2 cases per 106 persons per year) was higher than the incidence rate obtained for the other counties (35.7 cases per 106 persons per year). Hypotheses and facts contributing to the heterogeneity of human trichinellosis cases are discussed.
31. Dosage adjustment in medical patients with renal impairment at Groote Schuur Hospital
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Decloedt, E., Leisegang, R., Blockman, M., Karen Cohen, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Faculty of Health Sciences
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Renal failure ,Medicina tropical ,Pathologie de l'appareil urinaire ,Kidney disease ,Insuficiencia renal ,Homme ,Dosage adjustment ,Aparato urinario patología ,Hospital ,Urinary system disease ,Tropical medicine ,Insuffisance rénale ,Médecine tropicale ,Riñón patología ,Adaptation posologie ,Hombre ,Adaptación posología ,Hôpital ,Human ,Pathologie du rein - Abstract
Background. Many drugs are eliminated by the kidneys and therefore may require dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment. The need for dose adjustment is frequently neglected by prescribers.Methods. We reviewed folders of patients admitted to the Groote Schuur Hospital general medical wards between January and March 2008. Patients with renal impairment, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤50 ml per minute per 1.73 m2, were identified. In-patientprescriptions were captured if they were written after clinical notes indicated impaired renal function, or ≥1 day after renal function tests were performed. We determined what proportion of these prescriptions required dose adjustment and whether drug doses were appropriately adjusted.Results. We found renal impairment in 32% (97/301) of medical admissions. There were 615 prescription entries for the 97 patients with renal impairment. Dose adjustment was required in 19% (117/615) of prescription entries, and only 32% (37/117) of these prescription entries were correctly dose adjusted. Of 97 patients, 69 received one or more drugs that required dose adjustment (median 1, range 1 - 5). Alldrug doses were correctly adjusted in 12% (8/69) of patients. Importantly, in the majority of patients (59% (41/69)) no doses had been correctly adjusted.Conclusion. Consistent with international studies, drug dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment in a South African hospital was frequently neglected. Strategies to alert clinicians of the need for dose adjustment in renal impairment should be considered, including automated eGFR reporting and computerised aids to guide drug dosing, that account forrenal impairment.S Afr Med J 2010; 100: 304-306.
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