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Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past years, the Romanian rural sector has been facing a number of issues such as a decrease in the number of livestock, the loss of their genetic potential, the destruction of the majority of zootechnical production areas and animal production. The data obtained and processed in the 1991-2017 period involve the following animals: cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and adults laying poultry. With the exception of goats, all the other categories exhibited a drastic decrease in herds, especially cattle and pigs. The results obtained are a consequence of the unsound management in most of the local, regional and central rural administrative structures, agricultural holdings and agricultural companies. Moreover, the value of food imports, especially of meat products, has increased, especially in the last years of the studied period, and is most likely to continue to increase due to the swine flu in Romania in 2018.

The article discusses the development, selection criteria and performance of Composite IV ewes and lambs at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Topics covered include matings that contributed to the development of the Composite IV, flock management, and lamb and ewe traits including survival from birth to weaning and body weight at weaning.

The article aims to bring about regulatory reforms concerning excessive use of medically important antimicrobials (MIA) on meat producing animals (MPA) in Bangladesh. An excessive use of MIA with a dishonest motive of artificially fattening animals including poultry chickens has been commonplace in Bangladesh. The usage of MIA in such a manner has the potential to create antimicrobial resistant infections in the animals, which can be transmitted to humans through food, direct contact with MPA or even via environmental spread. Such a transmission has already massively occurred in Bangladesh. In formulating recommendations, we critically analyse the existing regulatory functions and employ both empirical and doctrinal methods of analysis. Our empirical research reveals that the regulatory laxity, profit motive, and ignorance of antibiotics users and meat consumers about the latent harm are major factors contributing to the unsafe use of MIA. To address these factors, we submit eleven specific recommendations for necessary reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals (chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep, horse and donkey) consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations (on a liquid volume basis) of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group, accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs (mean: 9.5%) contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs (mean: 6.5%). The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies (TEQs) were observed in cattle blood (117.4 fg TEQ/L) then chicken blood (117.1 fg TEQ/L). CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs, followed by CN70 (20%) and CN66/67 (14%). The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated. Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs (61%), followed by beef (27%) and pork (5.9%). The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to studying the relationshipsamong the economically useful traits that are important for breeding and can be used in breeding for creating animals of the desired type. It has been found that the productive use of various types of animals at farms on the average amounted to 51.5 and 54.4 months, or was by 13.9 and 16.8 months (36.9 and 44.7 %) longer than that of meat and milk cows and, accordingly, their lifetime milk yields were higher by 6.53 and 10.47 thous. kg. It has been found that there are positive relationshipsamong the milkiness index, the duration of productive use, and lifetime milk yields of cows. It was the highest and the most veracious in the animals of milk (r = 0.31 and 0.41) and meat and milk(r = 0.19 and 0.34) types. Long breeding of Simmental cattle by the intrabreed production types will help increase the duration of the productive lifetime of cows, their lifetime milk yields, and overall economic efficiency of breeding animals of required types. In creating highly productive herds of Simmental cattle, particular importance is attached to the technological properties of the udder. The best technological properties of the udder were found in milk andmilk and meat animals of the production types. The exterior of their udders had the best scores (3.94 and 3.79 points). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a proof of concept perspective, Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) was explored for the direct analysis of meat samples from β-agonist treated livestock. In this context, the combination of REIMS with untargeted metabolomics was investigated to identify carcasses from treated animals on the basis of a modification of indirect metabolites profile. The REIMS analysis generated specific lipid profiles which enabled the differentiation of meat samples collected from pigs treated with ractopamine via their feeding regime. Furthermore, the strategy was found successful when tested on different muscle types (loin, shoulder and thigh), which further expands its applicability. Classification performances were greater than 95% accurate which fully answers requirements of a screening strategy. This research indicates that REIMS implemented in an untargeted-metabolomics workflow can be considered as a high-throughput and accurate strategy for real-time meat classification in relation to ractopamine (and wider β-agonists) treatment in pig production. This approach may subsequently be implemented as a rapid screening test, at the slaughterhouse or at border inspection points, to detect such practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]