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Three different partition functions are well-known and described in statistical physics. Here, a novel partition function for the description of intra-particular interactions and with this for the mass of particles is presented below. In statistical physics, three different partition functions are already well-established. These are the microcanonical, the canonical, and the macro-canonical partition functions. Here a fourth, novel partition function is added to these already well-established three. Thereby due to the properties of quantum mechanics and superposition, this novel partition function is of fundamental different nature. According to this concept, the new partition function for particles is first defined. The masses and energies of the elementary particles are then calculated using this novel partition function. The energy of an elementary particle is proportional to the mass on the one hand and to the novel partition function on the other. The constant of proportionality with respect to the new partition function is found to be identical with Rydberg constant and Rydberg energy. The relationships found for the proton, the electron, and the sigma particle are then generalized to all elementary particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In The Streetwalker (1969) by Abbas Shabaviz, Shahin, a commanding figure who holds authority over a chain of cabarets, becomes enamored with a gypsy singer named Atash. Shahin endeavors to elevate Atash into the central attraction of his chain of cabarets. Through Shahin's instrumental patronage and power, Atash attains the status of a celebrated star. During the process, she becomes romantically involved with Afshin, her music instructor, thereby arousing discord with Shahin. Subsequent to this juncture, Shahin channels his influence in an opposite trajectory—toward impeding the duo's artistic trajectory. This research, drawing inspiration from the works of Laura Mulvey and Mary Ann Doane regarding the construction of the female star as a commodity, endeavors to analyze the dynamics of the star formation and her objectification as a commodified entity within The Streetwalker. Throughout the narrative, Shahin, orchestrates Atash’s construction as a popular star, and following the dissolution of their relationship, Shahin employs his powers of surveillance and manipulation to dismantle Atash's image as a star, just like a product that no longer serves its purpose. The article proceeds to underscore that this depiction, can be interpreted as a critique of the Pahlavi regime's enforced modernization agenda, its seductive allure for the masses, and the shallowness underlying the changes it advocates. In conclusion, the analysis posits that The Streetwalker efficaciously presents the process of star formation within the realm of show business of its era, simultaneously offering a critique of the Pahlavi modernization initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Compared to other cervical localizations, masses of the nuchal region are rare in the clinical practice of otolaryngologists. This study presents the relevant etiologies of nuchal tumors. Patients and Methods: This study included 61 cases (5.3%) from 1,150 consecutive cervical biopsies/neck tumor excisions between 2010 and 2022. Lipomatosis or Madelung fat neck diagnoses were excluded. Results: Seventy-seven percent of the biopsies included lymph node tissue. Among the patients, 26 were female and 35 were male. The average diameter of the tumors was 3.5 cm (1.5-9 cm). Of the 33 non-malignant formations (54%, 42.3 years), lymphadenopathy (e.g., toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis) was found in 58% of cases. Lipomas were most common among benign tumors (8 out of 14). Malignant tumors (46%, 63.4 years) included lymphomas (10 cases, 6 recurrences) and metastases (18 cases). The metastases were predominantly squamous cell carcinomas of the pharynx (9 cases, 5 recurrences) and the skin (7 cases, 4 recurrences), as well as two cases of adenocarcinomas from the lung and pancreas. Conclusion: Indications of the malignant genesis of a nuchal mass include older patient age and a history of carcinomas in the head and neck region. In carcinomas of the posterior and parietal scalp and neck skin, the nuchal region should be included in the staging and follow-up examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relation between the radii and masses of the quarks and leptons is established for each fermion generation. Kinematical calculations provide a proof of the essential stability of the proton at rest within the standard model together with conditions for the reaction p → uuu + e- + ve with a uuu composite state as a byproduct. The Koide relation reduces the scaling to a single number, and a theoretical explanation is given in terms of graded symmetries. The values of the masses of the each of the quarks are derived through nonperturbative infinite-genus effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we compare Slovak society at the end of the 20th century with that at the end of the 19th century, we cannot fail to notice fundamental changes in all areas: in the economy, in social structures, in politics, in culture, in the way of life. It cannot be denied that these radical changes, whether we call them revolutions or coups, had a significant impact on society. The transition from the Habsburg Empire to the Czechoslovak state (and then to the Slovak state) was not a teleological process from the starting point to the desired destination. Therefore, the understanding of this process cannot be simple and cannot be achieved without the comparison and cooperation between different scientific disciplines.

We continue the study of truncated matrix-valued moment problems begun in [12]. Let q ∈ N. Suppose that (X , X) is a measurable space and E is a finite-dimensional vector space of measurable mappings of X into H q , the Hermitian q × q matrices. A linear functional Λ on E is called a moment functional if there exists a positive H q -valued measure μ on (X , X) such that Λ (F) = ∫ X 〈 F , d μ 〉 for F ∈ E. In this paper a number of special topics on the truncated matricial moment problem are treated. We restate a result from [11] to obtain a matricial version of the flat extension theorem. Assuming that X is a compact space and all elements of E are continuous on X we characterize moment functionals in terms of positivity and obtain an ordered maximal mass representing measure for each moment functional. The set of masses of representing measures at a fixed point and some related sets are studied. The class of commutative matrix moment functionals is investigated. We generalize the apolar scalar product for homogeneous polynomials to the matrix case and apply this to the matricial truncated moment problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the discourses on mobile others as objects of massification or likened to natural forces. By creating a dialogue between theories of crowds/masses and popular geopolitics, we examine how a local media frames the actual, imagined and absent border crossings of refugees and tourists when a voluminous mobile group disappears in tandem with an emerging unease about a new mobile group. We focus on the freesheet Imatralainen, published in a South Karelian Finnish-Russian bordertown that has been a tourist destination since the late eighteenth century but where invisible geopolitical tension is part of everyday life. Our discourse analysis shows that from the Crimean crisis to the migrant 'crisis' (2014–2016), local media have frequently portrayed Russian tourists and non-European migrants via a natural force rhetoric while viewing both refugees and tourists as potential resources or burdens. The mobility of others can represent itself as an external threat, and it can be taken as a perspectival threatscape that opens space for geopolitical issues amplified or transformed through the idea of masses and crowds into potential local issues. The article contributes to tourism geographies and the geopolitics of mobilities literature by evaluating the potential of classical crowd theories for understanding how threatscapes relating to the refugee-tourist nexus are made and manipulated by linguistic collectivisation, silencing and dehumanisation. We argue that more attention should be given to the role of the local in shaping the popular geopolitics of mobilities that construct, sustain and fabricate discourses of 'otherness' and massification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From his arrival in China in 1888 to his departure in 1930, Canadian missionary, Donald MacGillivray (季理斐), was in China for more than 40 years. According to changes in the Chinese missionary situation, the key target of his mission was frequently adjusted. From his initial work in the early days in North Honan, to his work with officials and intellectuals in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty, then to students, women, and children in the Republic of China, Donald MacGillivray continued to preach to both the masses and the elites. His approach was flexible, ranging from oral preaching to academic publications. Relying on his interpersonal network, MacGillivray paid close attention to the social changes occurring in modern China. An evaluation of his activities in China can not only reveal the impact of individual missionaries in the process of Western learning and the transformation of Chinese knowledge in modern times, but also provide insight into the integration of Christianity into the indigenization process of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I argue that Du Bois's Japan—despite displaying his myopic failure to critique non-Western imperialism—served as a potential model for his reimagining transnational democratic leadership beyond Western-centric models and their legacies of White supremacy and democratic despotism. Du Bois's reflections from the 1890s to the 1960s generally demonstrate a sustained, seven decade-long fluid commitment to realizing a vision of transnational leadership that was accountable to the democratic masses, whether in Asia, Africa, the United States, or elsewhere. Such reflections hold importance now (even as they did in Du Bois's time) as we continue to grapple with the legacies of Western "democratic" dominance, especially in international institutions designed to facilitate global governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the case of a 56-year-old woman who presented at the emergency room with a 3-week history of severe, intermittent abdominal pain. A CT scan revealed colo-colic intussusception caused by a large, substenosing mass with predominant adipose density. Subsequent endoscopic examination with biopsy revealed a necrotic tissue covering the mass, without definitive histological characterization. A second biopsy led to the extremely rare diagnosis of colo-colic lipoma. While intussusception is rare in adults, it's important to consider it as a differential diagnosis, especially when presenting with abdominal pain and signs of bowel obstruction. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications.

This article discusses the tyranny of science and the masses' reaction to it, considering the situation in which the overturned mask norm, which is different from the medically desirable mask norm, has been practiced in Japanese society. The model of the human being that science assumes is frequently inclined to be limited to a very narrow model of the modern citizen or a rational, ideal human being with sufficient information to make decisions. Such a metaphysical understanding of human beings and society does not assume that the masses will not accept it. As a result, science has no choice but to use mathematically derived fear to control the masses. Science will always have a tyrannical and magical character in the sense that fear is necessary for the realization of the scientific expectations of experts. To incite fear, technology should be not only scientific but also symbolic (ritualistic) in the society in which it is used. However, once the fear becomes a reality, the masses, instead of being increasingly frightened by it, begin to doubt the scientific explanations of the experts. As a result, the tyranny of science starts to collapse. It is in the masses, who are perceived as the furthest removed from science, that the opportunity exists for science to be relativized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is no clear consensus regarding the contour of prostatic glandular intraluminal concretions. This study enlightens the rational approach toward deciphering the true nature of these concretions and evaluates their role in normal routine histology of the prostate gland. Methods: Fifty hematoxylin and eosin slides that were prepared from procured transrectal biopsy specimens of normal prostate glands from asymptomatic patients suspected of having a prostatic disease but later found to be normal were retrospectively observed for the staining, contour, and positioning of the aggregated masses or concretions within their prostatic lumina and were then compared with the blood prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: Although significant associations highlighting the utility of these masses in presumed pathological states of the gland were drawn by comparing their staining parameters and contours to those of their respective PSA levels, their interluminal contour variations and vivid staining appearances did not necessarily rule out the possibility of some of them being artefacts, provided they were assessed in totality with the surrounding acini. Intensely eosinophilic concretions were found in patients with a high mean age and those with high PSA levels. Conclusions: Prostatic intraluminal masses that were rounded tended to indicate pathological shifts within the gland; however, the possibility of them changing to artefacts during slide preparations could not be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Pulmonary nodule detection in CXR is challenging. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been a major attraction. The current study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AI in the detection of pulmonary nodules or masses on CXR compared to the radiologist’s interpretation and to assess its impact on the reporting process. The current study included 150 patients who had CXR interpreted by radiologists and by AI software. Results CT detected pulmonary nodules in 99 cases (66%) while the visual model of analysis, as well as AI, detected nodules among 92 cases (61.3%) compared to 93 (62%) cases detected by combined visual/AI model. A total of 216 nodules were detected by CT (64.4% solid and 31.5% GG). Only 188 nodules were detected by the AI while 170 nodules were detected by visual analysis. As per case classification or nodule analysis, the AI showed the highest area under curve (AUC) (0.890, 95% CI) and (0.875, 95% CI), respectively, followed by the combined visual/AI model. Regarding the nodules’ texture, the AI model’s sensitivity for solid nodules was 91.4% which was greater than the combined visual/AI and visual models alone, while in GG nodules, the combined visual/AI model’s sensitivity was higher than the AI and visual models. The probability score using the combined visual/AI model was significantly higher than using the visual model alone (P value = 0.001). Conclusions The use of the AI model in CXR interpretation regarding nodules and masses detection helps in more accurate decision-making and increases the diagnostic performance affecting the patient’s morbidity and mortality.

La rellevància que tingué, des de finals del segle xix i fins a la Guerra Civil espanyola (1936-39), l’avinguda del Paral·lel, a Barcelona, contrasta amb el desinterès historiogràfic posterior per aquest espai. La seva importància depassa l’àmbit estrictament cultural, ja que constituí un epicentre interclassista de trobada social, d’oferta del nou oci de masses i que facilità la formació d’una nova «consciència barcelonina». Amb algunes excepcions i malgrat la persistència d’una certa mística bohèmia i el record popular d’aquells anys. Recentment han aparegut investigacions historiogràfiques més sistemàtiques sobre la socialització dels barcelonins al Paral·lel. És possible que aquest silenci sigui degut a una concepció força classista d’una sèrie d’intel·lectuals i professionals liberals, provinents majoritàriament del Noucentisme, que estigmatitzaren aquest espai i la seva producció cultural, però també s’hi ajunten una sèrie de factors menys explícits, com ara el menor desenvolupament de la història de la sociabilitat a Catalunya i a Espanya. Les fonts a partir de les quals s’ha investigat fins ara el Paral·lel són essencialment literàries: memòries, diaris, etc. Malgrat la seva evident importància, però, cal treballar amb altres tipologies de fonts per tal de complementar una informació que no deixa de ser subjectiva, una característica reforçada per la preferència del relat de l’experiència i la força de conceptes d’antropologia en la historiografia cultural actual. És per aquest motiu que l’autor aposta en aquest article per trobar un punt d’equilibri en la recerca sobre el Paral·lel o altres «districtes de plaer»: donar major importància a les fonts de caràcter quantitatiu i proposar una contenció més gran a l’hora de donar preferència a elucubracions de caire més teòric i antropològic. Ara bé, l’estudi d’aquesta mena de sociabilitat que es donava al Paral·lel, de caràcter tan informal, és un hàndicap important a l’hora d’estudiar-la, ja que les evidències són fragmentàries i no tan abundants com les que deixa una sociabilitat de caire formal, com la dels ateneus o les associacions.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. Mammography is the specific type of X-ray recommended to examine the breasts. However, they are difficult to interpret due to the size of the lesions, shape, indefinite borders, and low contrast of the masses with respect to healthy tissue, mainly in very dense breasts. Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems increase the efficiency of diagnoses and reduce the workload of specialists. Purpose: A CAD system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) based on "You Only Look Once" (YOLO), with two models YOLOv5x and YOLOv5s, is tested for the detection of breast nodules from mammography. Method: Transfer learning and data augmentation techniques were applied. Image sets for training and validation were created from an international database (Vindr-Mammo). The network was trained and validated, and for the best model obtained, an external test was performed from a second database belonguing to "The Mammographic Image Analysis Society" (MIAS Database). Results: The best model was obtained with YOLOv5x. This reached a maximum sensitivity of 80% in internal validation and 72% with external test data. Conclusion: YOLOv5x and YOLOv5s models showed potential for the task of detecting masses from mammographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From his arrival in China in 1888 to his departure in 1930, Canadian missionary, Donald MacGillivray (季理斐), was in China for more than 40 years. According to changes in the Chinese missionary situation, the key target of his mission was frequently adjusted. From his initial work in the early days in North Honan, to his work with officials and intellectuals in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty, then to students, women, and children in the Republic of China, Donald MacGillivray continued to preach to both the masses and the elites. His approach was flexible, ranging from oral preaching to academic publications. Relying on his interpersonal network, MacGillivray paid close attention to the social changes occurring in modern China. An evaluation of his activities in China can not only reveal the impact of individual missionaries in the process of Western learning and the transformation of Chinese knowledge in modern times, but also provide insight into the integration of Christianity into the indigenization process of China.

Background: Pulmonary nodule detection in CXR is challenging. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been a major attraction. The current study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AI in the detection of pulmonary nodules or masses on CXR compared to the radiologist's interpretation and to assess its impact on the reporting process. The current study included 150 patients who had CXR interpreted by radiologists and by AI software. Results: CT detected pulmonary nodules in 99 cases (66%) while the visual model of analysis, as well as AI, detected nodules among 92 cases (61.3%) compared to 93 (62%) cases detected by combined visual/AI model. A total of 216 nodules were detected by CT (64.4% solid and 31.5% GG). Only 188 nodules were detected by the AI while 170 nodules were detected by visual analysis. As per case classification or nodule analysis, the AI showed the highest area under curve (AUC) (0.890, 95% CI) and (0.875, 95% CI), respectively, followed by the combined visual/AI model. Regarding the nodules' texture, the AI model's sensitivity for solid nodules was 91.4% which was greater than the combined visual/AI and visual models alone, while in GG nodules, the combined visual/AI model's sensitivity was higher than the AI and visual models. The probability score using the combined visual/AI model was significantly higher than using the visual model alone (P value = 0.001). Conclusions: The use of the AI model in CXR interpretation regarding nodules and masses detection helps in more accurate decision-making and increases the diagnostic performance affecting the patient's morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considers recent arguments about the choirbook Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, Ms. dccxli , and a convent in the city where it resides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present a portion of the findings from the research project titled "Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Christian Churches of Santander: Economic, Religious, and Social Aspects." It provides an exposition and contextualization of how Catholic parishes in this Colombian region adapted and responded to the challenges and restrictions brought about by the pandemic with regard to their liturgical religious practices, including the celebration of masses, religious festivities, and the administration of sacraments. Methodologically, the research employed digital ethnography, surveys of parish priests, and the analysis of information from various press and online news sources. Among the results, we highlight the swift material and symbolic adjustments made by the parishes to accommodate new virtual and remote formats, even in the absence of prior experience in this area. This virtual transition allowed them to attract new, temporary parishioners, including international ones, partially offsetting the loss of faithful due to church closures. Additionally, the parishes established positive collaborative relationships with the government, aligning with its pandemic management measures. These findings can serve as a valuable reference not only for understanding the issue in Colombia but also across Latin America. Lastly, we encourage further empirical research on this topic, which is still in its early stages within our context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper examines the decline of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) in the province of Punjab during the general elections of 2013 and 2018. The paper aims to identify the root causes behind the declining popularity of the PPP in Punjab and analyze the consequences of this decline on the party's political standing. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Primary and secondary data sources, including interviews, surveys, and archival records, are used to gather relevant information. The findings shed light on the factors contributing to the PPP's decline, such as internal party dynamics, electoral strategies, socio-political environment, and voter perceptions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the consequences of the decline for the PPP, its role in Punjab's political landscape, and potential implications for the party's future. The study concludes by offering recommendations for the PPP to address the identified root causes and regain electoral support in Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many medical specialists used Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) systems as a second opinion to detect breast masses. The poor visualization of mass images makes it difficult to identify precisely. To segment the lesions from the mammograms is a difficult task due to different shapes, sizes, and locations of the masses. The motivation of this study is to develop a method that can segment breast mass lesions from mammogram images. The objective is to perform the segmentation of the breast mass mammogram images more precisely at an early stage. Breast mass segmentation is always a basic requirement in computer-aided diagnosis systems. In this study segmentation of the masses abnormalities from the mammogram images is performed by using the Skipping Dilated semantic segmentation approach. The study uses class weights and Dilation factor using semantic Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). It overcomes the class misbalance in tumors and background class, that affect the mean Intersection over Union (MIOU), and weighted-IOU (WIOU) by using class weights. Secondly, dilation convolution magnifies the receptive field exposure that enriches the convolutional operation with context attentiveness. Two public datasets of mammography INbreast and CBIS-DDSM are used. The WIOU of Skipping Dilated Semantic CNN for INbreast is 98.51% and CBIS-DDSM is 94.82% achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonography is the most commonly used diagnostic imaging tool for gallbladder disease in veterinary medicine. Primary gallbladder neoplasia is an uncommon finding with variable prognosis for which no studies have been published describing their ultrasonographic appearance and diagnosis. This retrospective, multicenter, case series study examines the ultrasonographic appearance of gallbladder neoplasia with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnoses. A total of 14 dogs and 1 cat were analyzed. All discrete masses were sessile in shape and varied in size, echogenicity, location, and gallbladder wall thickening. All studies with images showing Doppler interrogation exhibited vascularity. Cholecystoliths were an uncommon finding, being present in only one case in this study, unlike in humans. The final diagnosis of the gallbladder neoplasia was neuroendocrine carcinoma (8), leiomyoma (3), lymphoma (1), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (1), extrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (1), and adenoma (1). Findings from this study indicate that primary gallbladder neoplasms have variable sonographic appearances and cytologic and histologic diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the level of psychological stress among football referees in light of the holding of matches without the masses due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recruited 300 approved referees in the official Jordan professional football league. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) was used for the study. The sample members included 138 (46%) court referees, and 162 (54%) line referees. On average, there was psychological stress among football referees masses absent due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Court referees reported that a high level of psychological stress among court referees was higher (15.36) than the line referees (14.62). Referees experienced modest degrees of psychological stress as a consequence of COVID-19's mandatory absence from stadiums. Because the fifa has training programs, and several very experienced referees who help referees with less experience, these officials are better able to deal with difficult situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geological structure of the Nurata Mountains contains formational rock complexes from the Upper Proterozoic to the Upper Paleozoic, which experienced the Caledonian and Hercynian eras of folding and nappe formation. The history of the development and formation of tectonic structures of the Nurata Mountains is closely connected with the general development of the grandiose region of Central Asia - the Tien Shan folded mountain region.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection has proven successful in effective treatment and increased survival rate. Mammography is the most common modality for screening breast cancer; nevertheless, it is associated with low sensitivity and specificity due to subtlety of abnormalities in early stages. A mass which is the most common and important indicator of breast cancer, is especially challenging to analyse and interpret. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can improve the diagnostic performance by aiding radiologists in providing an objective assessment. The proposed work aims to develop a CAD system to evaluate mammographic masses and characterize them into benign and malignant categories. The system employs an integrated approach based on fusion of global descriptors extracted from the segmented mass regions and local descriptors from a ribbon of pixels surrounding the mass boundary, to effectively characterize masses. The proposed approach is validated using the Digital Database for Screening Mammograms (DDSM) database, yielding a classification accuracy as high as 94.6% for mass characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When it comes to cancer, breast cancer (BC) is by far the most common type among females worldwide. As a result of a number of circumstances, including the current COVID-19 pandemic, routine breast imaging has been drastically reduced in recent times. It is also important to keep in mind throughout this time frame since a delay in diagnosis of as little as three months can have a significant impact on breast cancer survival rates. Objective: Review of the literature on imaging modalities of breast masses. Methods: We looked for data on Breast Masses and Imaging, in medical journals and databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. However, only the most recent or extensive study was taken into account between July 2000 and February 2021. References from related works were also evaluated by the writers. There were not enough resources to translate documents into languages other than English, hence those documents have been ignored. It was generally agreed that documents such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations did not qualify as legitimate scientific study. Conclusion: Functional imaging has been shown to have better diagnostic performance than morphological imaging, allowing for earlier diagnosis and thus ever-more-tailored treatments and screenings for individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper, result of theoretical research about the phenomenon of popular support to Jair Bolsonaro, understanding it as an event of revolted masses, analyzes possible occurrences of cognitive dissonance in radicalized "bolsonaristas", as well as presence of collective narcissism and moral disengagement in the constitution and acts of "bolsonarista" masses and individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary Nigerian socio-political situation has created an imbalance where the ruling class oppresses and suppresses the masses. Similarly, the bourgeoisie stifles the proletariat by creating unequal distribution of opportunities for the creation of wealth against the proletariat. Nigerian Playwrights have engaged profoundly the foregoing socio-political situation, by using drama as a means of communication. This research undertakes a comparative study of the political engagement in Soji Cole's newer play, Embers. It examines the ideological dialectics in Cole's Embers against the dramaturgic postulations of the first and second generations of Nigeria playwrights. Using the theoretical frameworks of Conflict Perspective, the study employs the summative content analysis of the selected text to gather relevant qualitative data. The study discovers in Cole's Embers, that the newer playwrights have become less ideologically inclined in political engagement, as they portray the proletariat as being more confrontational, angrier, more emotional and far more rebellious against inept leadership. As such, they earnestly yearn for a change for better leadership and are ready to destroy the current chaotic system in a hasty desire to achieve their rebellious but patriotic desires. Against this backdrop, it is recommended that politicians should guide against tendencies capable of making them fail the people. The masses should not only clamour for responsible and responsive leaders, they should act decisively through the polls by voting for politicians who are genuinely concerned about their plight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crowd has played and continues to play a very important role in Iranian politics at critical moments. This article looks at its role in the mid 20th century, especially during the times of rule of Reza Shah (1925-1941) and Mohammad Mosaddegh (1951-1953). The article reviews European thought about the masses, with special emphasis on the ideas of Bulgaria-born Nobel Laureate in Literature Elias Canetti. Canetti believed that the crowd was not always irrational, evil forces, but sometimes played a positive historical role: when it demanded and enacted social change. It is exactly what happened during the times of Mosaddegh. A look at these times is made through excerpts from the Iranian novel Neighbors by Ahmad Mahmoud, through a look at the press of that time and Ervand Abrahamian's historical writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I examine and discuss the relationship between the market and the masses in light of recent retail-driven surges in the stock prices of firms like GameStop and AMC. Using two historical snapshots, I draw out similarities and differences between the way the collective power and rationality (or lack thereof) of the masses was portrayed in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century market literature and in recent debates about retail investor inclusion and social media or social trading platform-driven market volatility. The main difference between the historical discourse and the present situation is that the new digital market-expanding technologies enable effective retail investor mobilization and thus, increase the retail swarms’ market-moving powers, which were previously less agile and forceful. However, eased and widened market access also transforms digital life into alternative data that is subjected to age-old strategies of market exploitation.

This article considers how Lawrence finds in the dynamics of derogatory imagery the means to express his alienation from the masses. From 1916 onwards, the term “masses” is often paired with the adjective “sticky” in Lawrence’s works, an addition that is shown to relate to Lawrence’s reading of Walt Whitman. The American poet advocated democracy based on brotherly love as a political implementation of the phrenological idea of adhesiveness. The lexical shift from adhesiveness to stickiness, then, voices Lawrence’s ambivalent response to Whitmanesque democracy. Similarly, in a few of his novels, the narrative voice, following the advent of entomology, taps into zoomorphism to find in eusocial insects, such as bees and ants, the tropes to discuss human interactions. Lawrence kept abreast of entomological views, including those of his friend Julian Huxley, and thanks to puns and derogatory imagery, he destabilizes language in order to question contemporary collective assumptions about society and democracy.

Lawrence saw boredom as a distinctively modern problem that grew out of a double sense of time as both empty and excessive. Identifying boredom with the masses and industrial society, however, also led him to explore how boredom extends into space. Focusing on Lawrence’s representation of the English Midlands, this article traces the effects of that spatialized boredom in various novels including Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, and Lady Chatterley’s Lover. I examine the relationship between monotony and boredom, as well as the prickly question of whether Lawrence represents the masses as subjects who experience such states or, instead, as objects who precipitate them in others. The last section considers how an alternative, and more positive, conception of monotony enters Lawrence’s depiction of the natural world but also folds back into his portrait of modern industrial monotony.

The theoretical dichotomy of the elegant (ya) and the popular or common (su) has a long history and many branches, provoking Babel-like confusion of tongues. Both have their own aesthetic origins, and each is interpreted in relation to sociological categories such as social class and social strata. No abstract and absolute definition of the two concepts exists. The yayue (formal ceremonial music) of ancient China is an important early example of the elegant or refined, whereas the popular usually prevails at the lower levels of mass society. In the course of history, the accumulation of professional knowledge, selected classics, avant garde "art for art's sake," and leisure class activities have often been considered "elegant," while the experience of the masses, folk revelry, and the content of mass media have been considered "popular." In modern literary history, the concepts of enlightenment and class were drawn into the dichotomy of the elegant and the popular in different ways. In Chinese culture in the second half of the twentieth century, this dichotomy began to be reorganized around the notions of "art" and "commodity." The reconceptualization of elegance and popularity at each stage of history has often indicated a reconnection between aesthetic tastes and history. In this sense, the differentiation of elegance and popularity has always testified to culture's participation in history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method to identify symmetry groups of the Yukawa sector of the three-Higgs-doublet model and to determine the implication that the symmetry has on the lepton masses and mixing. The method can accommodate different hypotheses about the group representation assignments, and thus support the exploration of candidate symmetry groups. For one particular representation selection scheme we apply the computer-implemented method to scan all discrete groups of order less than 1035. It can be proven that none of these groups defines a flavor symmetry that implies masses and neutrino mixing angles consistent with the experimental lepton data, although several cases are found that are partially or approximately consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In pediatric patients, soft tissue masses encompass a wide heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. MRI is a powerful diagnostic tool in the workup of soft tissue tumors in children, and it helps in characterization of lesion and evaluation of the extent of the lesion. However, conventional MRI techniques are not specific in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. So to improve characterization of tumors, DWI was added to MRI techniques as it increases sensitivity and specificity by detecting the micro-diffusion changes of water into intra- and extracellular spaces. The aim of this work was to highlight the diagnostic value of DWI in detection and characterization of different musculoskeletal soft tissue masses in pediatrics. Results There was a statistically significant difference regarding the mean ADC value of benign and malignant masses (P value = 0.001*). The mean ADC value for all benign masses (n = 41) was 1.495 ± 0.55 SD × 10–3 mm2/s, while the mean ADC value for all malignant masses (n = 21) was 0.449 ± 0.27 SD × 10–3 mm2/s. The cutoff ADC value between benign and malignant masses was 0.88 × 10–3 mm2/s. This cutoff ADC value has sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 92.3%, PPV of 66.7%, NPV of 100.0% and diagnostic accuracy of 93.3%. Conclusion In pediatric patients, DWI is an innovative valuable noninvasive imaging technique for characterization of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses and discrimination between benign and malignant masses.