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Background Alcohol dependence patients has many negative effects on the wives of patients including domestic violence. The wives are in a position where their mental state can be severely compromised, leading to various psychiatric morbidities. The current study examined the prevalence of domestic violence, level of marital satisfaction and their correlation with the psychiatric morbidities present among the spouses of alcohol dependence patients. Aims and objectives This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol dependence and level of marital satisfaction as well as their relationship with the psychiatric morbidities among the spouses of alcohol dependent patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of 60 spouses of patients diagnosed with Alcohol dependence syndrome as per the ICD-10, recruited using purposive sampling technique was conducted over 6 months. The wives were administered a semi-structured pro forma along with Modified conflict tactics scale, Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) and the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Results and discussion Domestic violence was highly prevalent (76.67%) in the wives of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. A statistically significant correlation was seen between domestic violence and marital satisfaction. It was seen that those who experienced domestic violence were having various psychiatric morbidities. Statistically significant relationships were seen between domestic violence, marital satisfaction and presence of various psychiatric morbidities. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of screening for domestic violence in the wives of alcohol dependence patients as it is highly prevalent and lead to low level of marital satisfaction and various psychiatric morbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising divorce rate in developing nations is a cause of concern among social scientists. Though women's ability to dissolve marriages in response to domestic violence can be observed as an agency, it has long been perceived as undesirable for society. The paper examines the complex association between domestic risk factors, violence, and the likelihood of marital dissolution. Using the fourth round of Demographic and Health Survey data, we unravel these relations in India, where domestic violence is extremely high compared to the divorce rate. We find that divorce incidences are rising among Indian women as a protest against domestic violence towards them. Marital dissolution is more common among the victims of severe physical violence and sexual violence than those of emotional violence or less severe violence. Economic empowerment in terms of land ownership and employment has helped the process of dissolving abusive marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Violence against women is a critical public health issue that adversely affects physical and mental health, contributing to injuries, chronic conditions, and mental health disorders. This study addresses the gap in understanding the relationship between spousal violence with maternal functioning and mental health in postpartum mothers. Methods: This Prospective study was conducted on 316 postpartum women who gave birth in Al-Zahra and Taleghani Educational Treatment Centers in Tabriz, Iran, from June 2023 to October 2023. Participants were selected using convenience sampling and followed up for 6–8 weeks. The data were collected using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS), and the Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF). A general linear model, adjusted for individual, social, and obstetric variables, was used to determine the relationship between domestic violence, maternal functioning, depression and anxiety. Results: Most women (84%) experienced one or more types of intimate partner violence (IPV), including psychological, physical, or sexual abuse. About one-third (32.9%) reported psychological abuse, 21.2% physical violence, 49.4% sexual coercion, and 6.3% reported injuries. The adjusted general linear model showed that the mean depression score was lower in individuals without any experience of violence compared to those who had experienced any violence (β: -1.75; 95% CI: -3.40 to -0.10; p = 0.038). The mean depression score was significantly higher in homemakers compared to employed individuals (β = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.22 to 5.84, p = 0.003). The mean maternal functioning score was significantly higher in those who had not experienced mild physical violence compared to those who had (β = 2.94; 95% CI = 0.34 to 5.55, p = 0.027). The mean anxiety score was lower in individuals with high income (β: -3.38; 95% CI: -5.73 to -1.04; p = 0.005) and moderate income (β: -2.21; 95% CI: -4.35 to -0.07; p = 0.043) compared to those with low income. Conclusion: The findings reveal a high prevalence of violence, particularly sexual coercion, significantly affecting maternal functioning and mental health. Socioeconomic factors also play a crucial role in postpartum mental health. These results highlight the urgent need for enhanced prevention efforts and targeted interventions that consider the socio-economic context and specific forms of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research on domestic violence in India recurrently highlight women's economic empowerment as a major deterrent to domestic violence. That said, this paper tries to understand what is the nature of relationship between women's empowerment and their experience of spousal violence? In doing so, it specifically explores how this relationship is interceded by regional specificities. Based on an analysis of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data in India, this paper observes that the relationship between women's empowerment and domestic violence is contentious. However, women having some education and using mobile phones are less vulnerable. Hence, this study concludes that mobile phones and Internet-based applications as well as community-based interventions could be the effective measures to end domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focal concerns perspective was developed to understand differential sentencing outcomes for minority defendants in the United States. Although the focal concerns perspective dominates empirical sentencing research, its application in Australia has limitations in understanding sentencing disparities of Indigenous defendants, especially around cultural and customary contexts. In Australia, this limitation is exasperated by jurisdictional nuances and that certain sentencing – like for domestic violence – requires consideration of cultural factors. Using content analysis, we examined the extent to which cultural and customary contexts were acknowledged within the sentencing remarks of 72 Indigenous spousal domestic violence defendants sentenced in the Northern Territory Supreme Court between April 2015 to April 2016. We found limited acknowledgement of culture and customary practices for Indigenous defendants. Around a third of transcripts referred to Indigenous cultural factors. When cultural factors were identified, the impacts on sentencing were absent, superficial, or applied in a way to remove cultural meaning. Consequently, there was little evidence that sentencing courts adequately accounted for the unique experiences of Indigenous people. This can further marginalise Indigenous people, decrease the capacity for healing and rehabilitation at sentencing, and increase sentencing disparities. We consider plausible strategies for judicial decision-making processes that ensure cultural and customary contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined associations between sexist beliefs and tolerance of violence against women in India using a nationally representative probability sample of adults (n = 133,398). Research consistently indicates that hostile sexism fosters tolerance of violence against women. However, benevolent sexism is sometimes associated with higher tolerance and sometimes with lower tolerance of violence. We proposed that this inconsistency could be resolved by considering the source of violence: Is violence perpetrated by outsiders or intimate partners ? Results of a multigroup structural equation model showed that endorsement of hostile sexism was related to greater tolerance of violence regardless of the source. In contrast, endorsement of benevolent sexism was associated with lower tolerance of violence from outsiders but was simultaneously associated with higher tolerance of spousal violence. These opposing processes indicate that although benevolent sexism promises women protection from violence, the very same ideology legitimizes spousal violence, thereby reinforcing men's power within intimate relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a worldwide scourge and a topic of great interest in New Zealand, but its patterns and prevalence have not been quantified and compared to those in other comparable countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Using a data set of the 187 IPH cases known to have occurred in New Zealand over 16 years, 174 of which involved current or former marriage (including de facto marriage) partners, we present analyses demonstrating the following. As in other comparable countries, a large majority of IPH victims are women, and the wife's youth, spousal age disparity, and de facto marriage are all associated with elevated risk. New Zealand is also unexceptional with respect to gross IPH rates, a very high incidence of recent marital separation as a trigger for male violence, a substantial incidence of offender suicide when the perpetrators are men but not when they are women and an overrepresentation of stepfamilies among the spousal cases. Despite frequent claims that New Zealand is exceptional in the magnitude of its intimate partner violence problem, the true picture is strikingly similar to that in other comparable countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: spousal violence against women (SVAW) is a common form of violence that occurs within the family context, with spouses being the main perpetrators. Afghanistan has one of the highest rates of SVAW in the world, and its impact on reproductive health and fertility is not well understood. This study aims to investigate the extent to which SVAW influences the total fertility rate (TFR) of Afghan women. Methods: In this study, a regression model of discrete-time survival models was used to calculate the total fertility rate (TFR), parity progression ratio (PPRs), and average closed birth intervals (CBI) between two children. The method used in this study has its roots in the works of Griffin Finney (1983) and was further developed by Redford et al. (2010). The study population utilized the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey, and sample weights were used to ensure accurate estimates for the population of Afghanistan as a whole. Results: The study found that women in Afghanistan who have experienced SV are more likely to progress to the next parity, start childbearing faster, and continue to do so. Women who have not experienced SV tend to progress to higher parities at a slower pace during their initial reproductive years. The study also suggests that women with spousal violence (SV) experience may have slightly higher fertility rates and shorter birth intervals for certain birth orders, although the differences between the two groups are generally small. Specifically, the total fertility rate (TFR) for women who experienced SV was 6.9, while the TFR for women who did not experience SV was 6.2. Conclusions: These results provide valuable information for policymakers and public health professionals in developing effective policies and programs to address SVAW and improve maternal and child health outcomes in Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing need for interventions that reduce both violence against children and intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries. However, few parenting interventions deliberately address this link. We tested the feasibility of a 16-session group-based parenting programme, Parenting for Respectability, in semi-rural Ugandan communities. Methods: This was a pre-post study with parents and their children (N = 484 parents; 212 children). Results: Pre-post comparisons found large effects for parent-reported reduced harsh parenting (Cohen's f2 = 0.41 overall; f2 = 0.47 (among session attendees); with an overall reduction of 26% for harsh parenting. Session attendees reported higher reductions than non-attendees (p = 0.014), and male caregivers reported higher reductions than female caregivers (p<0.001). Children also reported reduced harsh parenting by attending fathers (f2 = 0.64 overall; f2 = 0.60) and attending mothers (f2 = 0.56 overall; f2 = 0.51); with reduction in harsh parenting ranging between 27% to 29% in the various categories. Overall, spousal violence reduced by 27% (f2 = 0.19 overall; f2 = 0.26 (among session attendees). Both parents and children reported reduced dysfunctional parent relationships; parents: f2 = 0.19 overall; f2 = 0.26 (among session attendees); and children: f2 = 0.35 overall; f2 = 0.32 (for attending parents); with reductions ranging between 22% to 28%. Parents who attended more than 50% of the program reported greater effects on reduced dysfunctional relationships than those who attended less than half of the program (B = -0.74, p = 0.013). All secondary outcomes were improved with f2 ranging between 0.08 and 0.39; and improvements ranging between 6% and 28%. Conclusion: Results suggest the importance of more rigorous testing to determine program effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sought to identify distinct classes of women who endorse wife-beating and the determinants of such justification to broaden current knowledge of the correlates of intimate partner violence in Zimbabwe. We drew on survey data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) and restricted our analytical sample to 2,966 currently partnered women. To classify women's responses into patterns of tolerant attitudes, we used latent class analysis, an unsupervised classification method that helps identify heterogeneity in a population using observable variables. The data supported a three-class solution characterized by the following probabilities: class 1, high tolerance (6%); class 2, moderate tolerance (26%); and class 3, low tolerance (66%). The results from the regression analysis suggest that older age, reading a newspaper frequently, and having more than primary education were negatively associated with membership in the moderate and high tolerance classes. Women who made joint decisions or had no say in their healthcare issues were more likely to belong to the moderate and high tolerance classes. In other words, tolerant attitudes toward wife-beating were negatively associated with personal empowerment. Therefore, interventions that increase personal empowerment in the form of education and access to media might be needed to redress the endemic acceptance of wife-beating in Zimbabwe. At the same time, gender role transformative interventions are required to challenge patriarchal thinking, which denies women decision-making autonomy and perpetuates attitudes that encourage marital violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the proportion of women being victims of spousal violence in India is higher than men, laws are usually framed to safeguard women. However, men who have experienced physical spousal violence are not unheard of. The study aims to provide the nationwide prevalence of physical violence against husbands and the risk factors for such violence, using large-scale nationally representative 'National Family Health Survey' (NFHS 4) data. The study used descriptive, bivariate, logistic, and multilevel regression models with a random intercept clustering within states and households to explain the physical violence against husband. Sample size for the analysis was 62,716 currently married women aged 15–49 years. Findings revealed that in most of the states of India, physical spousal violence has increased over time. Behavioural characteristics like marital control, alcoholism, and childhood experience of parental violence have a consistent and strong role in explaining the experience of physical violence across states. With age, experience of violence against husbands increases. Differences in socio-economic characteristics do not have unidirectional effect on violence experienced by husbands across regions of India. Working women who are earning cash and having access to mobile phones perpetrate more physical violence in selected regions. Education shows a gradient on such violence perpetration, indicating that only after achieving a certain level of education, chances of violence reduce. Regionally contrasting social and economic risk factors in explaining violence strengthen the argument that violence is space and culture-specific, and development alone may not resolve violence unless the system is addressing the behavioural aspects. There is a need for supporting men experiencing domestic violence within the existing system facilities. Revisiting the present domestic violence laws and programmes for inclusivity is the need of the hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we empirically estimate the causal impact of spousal violence experienced by mothers on the nutritional status of her children aged below five years. Using detailed dataset from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey, we find evidence that violence experienced by mothers at the hands of their husbands significantly increases the likelihood of their children being malnourished. When we focus on identifying the pathways through which spousal violence affect child health outcomes, we find that while spousal violence primarily affects child health via deterioration in maternal health, neglect of children in terms of inadequate provision of essential child-care also seem to matter. The results from the heterogeneity analysis finally suggest that the detrimental effect of such violence is significantly less pronounced for children born to mothers who are currently working and are thus empowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of attachment style and object relations on aggression through the mediating role of dark tetrad personality traits using structural equation modeling (SEM). This clinical sample included 428 participants with spousal violence that were selected using purposive sampling in a descriptive study. The data was collected using the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), the Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory-Form O (ORRTI-FO), the Short Dark Tetrad (SD-4), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). The analysis found that attachment styles have significant direct impacts on object relations and dark tetrad personality traits. Also, object relations and dark tetrad personality traits had a significant direct influence on aggression. Attachment styles with the mediator role of object relations and dark tetrad personality traits explained 72.7% of aggression. The results have shown a fitted SEM for the direct and indirect effects of attachment styles and object relations on aggression concerning the mediating role of dark tetrad personality traits. These findings have practical implications for psychotherapeutic intervention and community-based programs among perpetrators and victims of spousal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are receiving increased amounts of attention as a critical public health issue. ACEs have a massive impact on future violence victimization and perpetration. They are also associated with lifelong mental and physical health consequences as well as premature mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the role of different ACEs among married mothers in predicting the risk of child abuse perpetration in offspring. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 mothers of children aged 2–12 years attending family health centres in Alexandria. The mothers completed a predesigned interview questionnaire on sociodemographic data and data related to ACEs, spousal violence, and child abuse perpetration. Suitable bivariate and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyse the collected data using version 20.0 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Two-thirds of mothers (66.3%) reported ever having been exposed to any ACE, and 18.6% of them had experienced 3 or more ACEs. Psychological abuse (46%) and witnessing domestic violence (17%) were the most common. Psychological aggression (95.4%), minor physical assault (79%), and neglect (52%) were the most common forms of child abuse perpetrated by the mothers. The number of ACEs experienced by mothers showed a moderate positive significant correlation with the 5 forms of child abuse examined. Different ACEs, mother's age, socioeconomic status, and current exposure to spousal violence were found to be independent predictors of different forms of child abuse (psychological aggression, neglect, minor physical assault, and severe physical assault). Conclusion: Different practices of family violence are strongly connected throughout different stages of an individual's life and across generations. Further understanding of the interconnections among forms of violence and addressing them should be prioritized. Additionally, concerted national strategies across all levels and sectors are needed to address this complex problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Domestic violence against women is one of the most serious social issues. This study aimed to identify predictors of help-seeking behavior among women exposed to spousal violence. Materials & Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2022 among women attending comprehensive health service centers in Lorestan Province, Iran. A total of 525 participants were recruited using multi-stage sampling methods, including stratified, cluster, and simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires on spousal violence and help-seeking behavior. Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and Stata 14 software. Results: The highest prevalence of physical and psychological violence dimensions were related to slapping (69.9%) and belittling (84.38%), respectively. In terms of sexual violence, non-consensual sexual intercourse (24.76%) was the most prevalent. The most common sources for seeking help were individual's family (70.48%), healthcare providers (56%), and spouse's family (53.90%). Help-seeking behavior for physical (p=0.02) and psychological violence (p=0.007) was higher in higher-income groups. Women whose spouses had university education exhibited higher help-seeking behavior for physical (p=0.015) and psychological violence (p=0.011) compared to others. Help-seeking behavior regarding physical violence (p<0.001) and sexual violence (p=0.004) was more frequent among individuals residing in Borujerd and Khorramabad cities compared to other cities in the province. Conclusion: Multiple factors associated with help-seeking behavior were identified, including spouse's education level, women experiencing physical violence, place of residence, and household wealth status. Policies and interventions should be developed to address these factors and improve women's health outcomes and prevent intimate partner violence (IPV). Considering the limited formal help-seeking behavior in Iran, governmental policies should focus on preventing IPV through various means, such as increasing demand for women's access to formal services (healthcare, legal, and social services) when experiencing IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, scandal has been associated with a negative situation for women in the Ancien Régime. They were considered scandalous if they did not conform perfectly to the limits and models established for them. Even worse, they lost their honour -- both their own and their families'. However, there were exceptional situations, such as in cases of marital violence, in which scandal worked for the benefit of women. Mistreatment was accepted and even consented to by ecclesiastical and civil authorities, but always within certain limits. The main one was disproportion in what were understood as corrective actions by husbands towards their wives, especially when they involved publicity or resulted in a scandal that disrupted the coexistence and tranquillity of the neighbourhood. To analyse this, we have consulted documentation from the Real Chancillería of Valladolid, which has granted us with further insights into the ex officio intervention of justice officials, both in the first instance and on appeal. Thanks to this, we have been able to reconstruct how the justice system worked, how the women's honour was affected in eyes of their neighbours, and if the latter provided any support. More specifically, we have paid particular attention to whether the scandal led the husband to leave the house, thus bringing back pace to the house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Attitudes supportive of spousal violence retards developmental efforts worldwide, and in particular in patriarchal African settings. It is important to curb this behavior by designing preventative evidence-based policies. This study examines the acceptance of intimate partner violence among women residing in Eswatini and determines whether attitudes supportive of intimate partner violence are associated with women's low socioeconomic status both at the individual- and community-level. Methods: Cross-sectional secondary data from two Eswatini Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted in 2010 and 2014 with representative samples of 4,686 and 4,761 women, respectively were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel (random effect) logistic regressions. Results: Overall, the prevalence of acceptance of intimate partner violence declined significantly between 2010 and 2014 in Eswatini (29.0% vs. 19.8%, p<0.001). In both surveys, socioeconomic factors associated with women's supportive attitudes toward intimate partner violence were educational level, marital structure, and community socioeconomic disadvantage. Overall, primary or lower educational attainment, single/unmarried relationships, and women living in a community with a high socioeconomic disadvantage were key factors associated with supportive attitudes toward intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Secondary or higher education for individual women and a high proportion of women in the community with low socioeconomic disadvantage are important socioeconomic predictors of reducing women's supportive attitudes toward intimate partner violence. Therefore, further gains in non-supportive attitudes toward acceptance of intimate partner violence could be achieved through efforts and intervention in the education of individual women and improving women's socioeconomic status in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a global consensus that child immunization plays an important role in promoting the health and well-being of children. Despite the quintessential role of immunization, not all children receive full immunization coverage. We examined the association between women empowerment and childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: The most recent Demographic and Health Survey data of 17 SSA countries were used for the analysis, with a sample of 19,223. The outcome and exposure variables were full immunization coverage and women empowerment, respectively. Full immunization was computed from percentage of children between the ages of 12 and 23 months who had received the following vaccines at any point in time: one dose of Bacille Calmette–Guérin, three doses of the vaccine protecting against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus or the tetravalent/pentavalent vaccine, three doses of the polio vaccine, and one dose of the measles vaccine (either as a standalone measles vaccine or as part of a combination with other immunogens). Women's empowerment was an index of labour participation, acceptance towards spousal violence, decision-making capacity and general knowledge level. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression were performed. Results were reported in adjusted odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: The study found that 56.6% of children were fully immunized. Children of employed mothers were 1.16 times more likely to be fully immunized. Children of mothers with higher acceptance toward violence were less likely to be fully immunized [aOR = 0.90, CI 0.81, 0.99]. The odds of full immunization were higher among children born to mothers with high [aOR = 1.11, CI 1.01, 1.22] decision-making capacity. Higher odds of full immunization were found among children born to mothers with medium [aOR = 1.24, CI 1.13, 1.36] to high [aOR = 1.44, CI 1.27, 1.63] general knowledge level. Conclusions: We conclude that empowering women through livelihood empowerment interventions can increase their decision-making capacity and foster their resolve to ensure the full immunization of their children. This can be achieved by consciously investing in initiatives such as vocational training programs, job placement services, or support for entrepreneurship initiatives to encourage and support women's workforce participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the association between childhood violence and spousal violence within the culture of women visiting primary health care centers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were approached in waiting areas of health care centers. Data about five types of childhood violence and four types of spousal violence were investigated. Chi square was implemented to study the association between spousal violence and women's demographic characteristics. Further, logistic regression associated with 95% CI was implemented to study the risk of spousal violence based on women's exposure to childhood abuse. Results: It was found that women in general were subjects to domestic violence in childhood and during adulthood. Emotional and physical types of childhood violence were the most prevalent in our participants. Regarding spousal violence experience, two-thirds of the women reported control by the spouse. In addition, half of them reported being physically victimized using different violence tactics. Except for sexual abuse, all other types of childhood violence were, generally, significant risk factors for spousal violence victimization. Conclusion: Experiencing childhood violence, witnessing parental violence, tendency to compensate for the deprivation in childhood, and inherited beliefs about spousal violence were factors expected to explain the association between childhood violence and spousal violence in women. Traumatic events in childhood are under-recognized factors in the development of spousal violence in the current population. Therefore, efforts to prevent these forms of violence need to be emphasized by health professionals who are in direct contact with women in different health care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence is a worldwide crime recognized as a severe violation of Human Rights, which includes Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The studies remark that the asymmetries in the social relations between men and women result in domination dynamics. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between gender and IPV beliefs in the general population, university students, and healthcare/safety/justice professionals by comparing IPV legitimization between men and women and with age. The sample was composed by 3413 Portuguese participants, 1551 men (45.4%) and 1826 women (54.6%), aged 18 to 100 (M = 37.97; SD = 18.09), 1936 participants from the general population (56.7%), 866 university students [e.g., healthcare students] (25.4%) and 611 healthcare/safety/justice professionals [e.g., doctors, psychologists, police officers, lawyers] (17.9%). The sample filled out the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC), a self-report scale on beliefs about IPV. Results confirmed our hypothesis that men have significantly higher levels of IPV legitimization than women. In accordance with our second hypothesis, significant positive correlations were found between age and IPV beliefs. As age increases, older people tend to be more tolerant of IPV, and young people tend to be less endorsing such IPV beliefs. Finally, we found the hypothesis that university students and healthcare/safety/justice professionals have lower levels of beliefs compared with other participants in the general population. Findings show that we need to work hard with the social evolution in men's and women's beliefs on IPV, reinforcing the importance of targeting IPV prevention by gender and age in the general population but also in students and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Étudier l'impact psychopathologique de l'exposition à la violence conjugale des parents chez les enfants et les adolescents en consultation de pédopsychiatrie et les facteurs associés à la capacité de résilience face à cette violence. L'étude était transversale sur un échantillon de 30 enfants et adolescents, âgés entre 6 et 18 ans, exposés à des situations de violence conjugale et suivis au service de pédopsychiatrie de Sfax. L'étude des répercussions psychopathologiques a été réalisée à partir des entretiens pédopsychiatriques. L'évaluation de la résilience a été effectuée par la Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Les enfants et les adolescents exposés à la violence conjugale étaient atteints de troubles liés à des traumatismes et à des facteurs de stress dans 40 % des cas, de troubles de l'humeur dans 33,3 % des cas et de troubles externalisés dans 6,6 % des cas. Il a été noté que les enfants étaient plus résilients, par rapport aux adolescents, dans le domaine des soins affectifs prodigués par leurs parents (12,66 ± 2,02 vs. 9,46 ± 2,69 chez les adolescents ; p = 0,001). Par contre, les adolescents étaient significativement plus résilients que les enfants dans le domaine des facteurs contextuels englobant la spiritualité (6,46 ± 1,4 vs. 4,53 ± 1,06 ; p = 0,000), l'éducation (11,13 ± 2,13 vs. 8,4 ± 1,54 ; p = 0,000) et la culture (11,13 ± 2,13 vs. 8,4 ± 1,54 ; p = 0,000). La scolarisation de l'enfant et l'absence de trouble psychiatrique chez la mère étaient associées à une meilleure résilience chez les enfants. L'exposition de l'enfant à la violence conjugale en étant à la fois témoin et victime était associée à une moindre capacité de résilience. L'exposition à la violence conjugale a un retentissement important sur la santé mentale des enfants qui y sont exposés. L'étude de la résilience et des facteurs qui y sont associés pourrait être ainsi utile afin de limiter les répercussions délétères chez les enfants et favoriser un développement harmonieux. Conjugal violence is a social problem whose impact extends beyond the couple, to the children who are exposed. To study the psychological impact of exposure to conjugal violence in children and adolescents in child psychiatry consultation and the factors associated with their capacity for resilience. We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 30 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 18 years and exposed to conjugal violence. Patients were recruited from the child psychiatry unit of the Hospital University of HediChaker of Sfax. We conducted clinical interviews to identify the psychological impact of conjugal violence on children. The resilience evaluation was done by self or hetero passation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM). Children and adolescents exposed to conjugal violence suffered from trauma-related disorders and stressors in 40% of cases, mood disorders in 33.3% of cases and externalized disorders in 6.6% of cases. We found that children were more resilient than adolescents in the area of emotional care provided by their parents (12.66 ± 2.02 vs. 9.46 ± 2.69 among adolescents; P = 0.001). In contrast, adolescents were significantly more resilient than children in the area of contextual factors including spirituality (6.46 ± 1.4 vs. 4.53 ± 1.06; P = 0.000), education (11.13 ± 2.13 vs. 8.4 ± 1.54; P = 0.000) and culture (11.13 ± 2.13 vs. 8.4 ± 1.54; P = 0.000). The child's education and good mental health for the mother were associated with better resilience in the children. The child's exposure to conjugal violence by being both a witness and a victim was associated with a reduced capacity for resilience. Exposure to conjugal violence has a significant impact on the mental health of children exposed. The study of resilience and associated factors could thus be useful in order to limit the deleterious repercussions on children and provide them with harmonious development both on the somatic and psychological levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spousal physical violence (PV) against women is considered to be major health issue in developing countries. Lifetime physical violence is a composite outcome consists of hit, kick, beat, slap and threatened with weapon, perpetrated by the husband. The study aims to examine changes in prevalence and specific risk factors for PV from 1998 to 2016 in India. This study analyzed data from a cross sectional epidemiological survey in 1998–1999, NFHS-3 (2005–2006) and NFHS-4 (2015–2016) data. There was a significant decline of about 10% (95% CI: 8.8%–11.1%) in PV. Major risk factors for change in PV were husband's use of alcohol, illiteracy and socio-economic status of the household. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act may have played a role in reducing the PV. Even though there was a decline in PV, actions have to be implemented from the root level to ensure women empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the relationship between substance use and spousal violence (SV) victimization in Imo State, South East Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined: proportion of spouses victimized in the past 12 months, frequency of use of substances among spouses in the 12 past months and relationship between substance use and spousal violence victimization among spouses. Two research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted triangulation mixed method design. The population consisted of 1,649,032 spouses in the study area. The sample size was 1,488 (1,440 for quantitative data and 48 for qualitative data) spouses drawn using multi-stage sampling techniques. Questionnaire and focus group discussion Guide (FGD) were used for data collection. Frequency, percentage, point biserial correlation (rpb) and binary logistic regression were used for data analyses. Findings reveal that 41.1 percent of spouses were victimized in the past 12 months. Data were collected between February and May, 2022. Other findings include a strong relationship between alcohol use and SV (rpb = .611), and a positive moderate relationship between illicit drugs use and SV (rpb = .597). Substance use (OR = .041, 95% CI [.030-.056], p < .05) was significantly associated with SV victimization. Findings from the male and female qualitative exploration revealed that the participants collectively expressed that alcohol and illicit drug use contribute greatly to their spousal violence victimization. However, SV interventions should increase focus on transforming attitudes that condone SV as normal, and enact laws that could help reduce harmful use of alcohol and illicit drugs that predisposes spouses to violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thesis. The article aims to study Poile Sengupta's play entitled Mangalam to analyse how the play raises a voice against society's enforced models of masculinity and femininity, and sexual and psychological violence and its impact on women in the domestic sphere. Concept. The study foregrounds the impact of moral policing via the not ions of honour and shame in Sengupta's Mangalam and analyses that family, a micro-unit of patriarchy is the primary location of violence inflicted on women. The present study further attempts to examine interpersonal violence perpetuated through the institution of marriage through a study of the portrayal of marital violence in Sengupta's Mangalam. Results and Conclusion. Sengupta presents contemporary social issues and interrogates moral policing and violence perpetuated by patriarchy through the discussed play. It presents a dramatic piece written by a woman, thus challenging the male-dominated narratives through a voice of protest and addressing violence inflicted on a woman's body and psyche. Originality. The originality of the study relies on examining the underlying causes of gender-based violence within the institution of marriage and family as the smallest unit of patriarchy while also understanding the relevance of literary representations by women dramatists as resistance literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of women's entrepreneurship development on marital violence in Bangladesh. The findings of the present study show that various factors are associated with the relationship between women's entrepreneurship development and spousal violence. For example, woman's age, woman's education, man's education level, woman's income, man's income, woman's occupational status and property status have a significant impact on married women and their vulnerability to spousal violence against women in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common domestic violence is spousal violence against women in Turkey. Although spousal violence may seem to be concerning two people in an intimate relationship, it is actually considered as one of the problems that goes beyond the family and affects the peace of the society. Spiritual wellbeing discusses the relationship between the meaning of life, the pleasure or satisfaction one receives from this life, and the values that can be called spiritual. In this respect, it is a type of well-being and includes both spirituality and well-being. Studies show that religious commitment prevents spousal violences; spirituality and religious commitment reduce violence against married women and increase marital satisfaction. This study aims to examine the relationship between married individuals' attitudes towards violence and their spiritual well-being scores. The research was carried out with married participants living in Muratpaşa, Antalya. Married participants did not participate in the study as couples, but as individuals. 269 (56.8%) participants were female and 205 (43.2%) were male, and thus, the data of 474 participants were studied in the research. Intimate Violence Responsibility Scale (IVRS) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale forms and socio-demographic information form were applied to the participants. SPSS 22.0 was used for the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the scales while descriptive statistics T-Test and Anova-Tukey were performed during the evaluation phase. It was determined that the data set showed a normal distribution and parametric tests were used The relationship between dependent and independent variables was tested with Pearson correlation. When the sub-dimensions of attitude towards violence and spiritual well-being are examined in terms of gender variable, the sub-dimension of violence was significantly higher in women while control and abuse sub-dimensions were significantly higher in men. It is observed that gender does not differ between the sub-scores of spiritual well-being. This situation can be evaluated as the factors that create spiritual feelings do not create differences between genders in society as a supra-gender phenomenon. When the sub-dimensions of attitudes towards violence of the participants and their spouses are compared in terms of the age variable, it is seen that the control attitude towards violence of the older age (66 years and over) participants is lower than the younger participants. According to the findings related to education, it was found that those who graduated from high school had significantly less control and abuse mean scores than other education levels. In addition, no significant relationship was found between the education level of high school students and the violence sub-dimension. According to the study, those with a low level of education exhibit more verbal violence than those with a higher education level. It is expected that violence will decrease with the increase in the level of education, but the reason for the contradictory data in the literature may be related to the quality of education. Carrying out new studies on this issue may be useful. According to the research findings, while there was a significant negative relationship between the sub-dimensions of transcendence and violence and the sub-dimensions of control and abuse, a positive relationship was found between harmony with nature, violence, control and abuse. It has been found that spiritual well-being (transcendence) increased, and the scores of attitude towards violence decreased. In this sense, it is suggested that spiritual education programs will be influential in changing the attitudes towards violence. It is suggested that it would be beneficial to include spiritual education in education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a violation of women's human rights. Attachment is an IPV risk or vulnerability factor, in part because of the role that it plays in interpersonal relationships. An insecure attachment can predispose women victims to psychological maladjustment, which can reflect psychopathology. Likewise, our general society reveals beliefs that support and legitimize IPV. Thus, this study examined the relationship between adult attachment, psychopathology, and IPV beliefs. Our sample comprises 158 women IPV victims, aged between 18 and 73 years old. The psychological assessment tools Experiences in Close Relationships, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence were used. All ethical issues had been taken due to the sensitive nature of the involved data. The results showed that most victims had a secure attachment style, and it may be an indicator that these women possibly had safe experiences with an attachment figure leading to reduced anxious state attachment in adult relationships. The results show a positive association between adult attachment and psychopathology, as well as between attachment and beliefs about violence. Globally, attachment is related to psychopathology and IPV beliefs. These results allow aid professionals and institutions to have deep knowledge about adult attachment as a risk or vulnerability factor for IPV and the adverse consequences of this phenomenon. IPV requires urgent attention since is the greatest threat to the health and safety of women around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Violence against women and girls is a major public health issue, a violation of human rights, and is linked to a number of harmful effects on one's physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Studies conducted in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suggest that there is an association between contextual factors and experience of intimate partner violence. However, in Zambia, this association is not well documented. Thus, this study was conducted to examine how individual and community-level characteristics influence spousal violence against women in Zambia. Methods: Data from the most recent Zambia Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018 was used. A sample of 7,358 ever-married women aged 15–49 years was used in the analysis. Two level multilevel binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between individual and contextual-level factors and experience of spousal violence. Results: The prevalence of spousal physical violence against women in Zambia was 21.1% [95% CI, 19.8, 22.5]. Women aged 15–19 [aOR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.34–4.14] and 20–24 [aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.38–3.22], who did not own mobile phone [aOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.10–1.69], and had low decision making autonomy [aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.54] were more likely experience spousal physical violence. Furthermore, communities which had a low proportion of women with decision making power [aOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.26–2.19] were more likely experience spousal physical violence. Additionally, women whose partners' drank alcohol [aOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.30–3.45] and those whose partners exhibited jealous behaviour [aOR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.88–3.21] were more likely to experience spousal physical violence. Conclusion: Both individual and community-level factors influenced spousal physical violence in Zambia. Integrating community level factors when designing interventions to address gender-based would be key to reduce women's vulnerability to gender based violence in the country. There is need to re-evaluate and re-strategize current strategies being implemented to address gender based violence in the country to make them context specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jealousy and intimate partner violence are a phenomenon that need to be better understood, especially regarding repercussions on mental health. The present study aimed to measure the association between jealousy, intimate partner violence and mental health (anxiety, depression, and stress). A total of 194 people participated, 151 women and 43 men, aged 19 to 58 years, married or in a stable relationship. The instruments were: sociodemographic questionnaire, Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, Interpersonal Jealousy Scale, Romantic Jealousy Inventory and Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale. A high prevalence of violence was found, reaching 85.4% of men who admit to committing psychological aggression in their relationship. There is a higher prevalence of jealousy, marital violence and mental illness in people with lower education and income, without an official union and without children. It is important that these factors are observed as risk factors for the occurrence of conjugal violence and its repercussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current thesis aimed at identifying the relation between violence against the wife and forgiveness and its dimensions which predict forgiveness on a sample of adult wives. Also, it aimed at disclosing the personality dynamics of the wives subjected to violence and the unconscious factors behind the husbands' violence against their wives. The thesis relied on the descriptive method and the clinical method and was applied among a psychometric sample of (208) wives of postgraduate students in educational diploma at Faculty of Education, Zagazig university between the ages (40 - 21) years (adulthood stage) with the average age (26.2) years and a deviation of (3.919) years. The sample of the clinical study consisted of two (2) females of extreme cases chosen from the psychometric sample according to their degrees on the scale of violence against the wife (a lower and greater cases in the marital violence). The psychometric study tools applied on them are: the violence against the wife scale (by the researcher, 2022), the forgiveness scale (by the researcher, 2022). The clinical study tools are: the personal interview form (by Hassan Abd Al-Moaty,1998) and the Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T)(by Murray,Murgan,1935).The psychometric study brought out that: - there is a statistically significant negative correlation between the psychological violence and neglect degrees and the degrees of forgiveness dimensions with the husband and with situations and the total degree of forgiveness. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the total degrees of violence against the wife and the degrees of forgiveness with the husband and the total degrees of forgiveness of adult wives. We can predict the total degree of forgiveness through the second-dimension degrees (psychological violence and neglect) of the adult wives. The clinical study revealed that the personality dynamics of the wives experienced violence characterize by the prevalence of the negative images in their psychological building. The results also indicated a group of unconscious factors behind the husbands' violence against their wives which are: the social upbringing, the abnormal styles of parenting representing in spoiling, excessive protection, leniency in raising in addition to the harsh childhood experiences of violence, the low educational level of the husband, the poor economic conditions of the family, the wife's jealousy, the lack of cultural and educational parity between the spouses, the husband's feeling of inferiority, the weakness of his personality in front of his wife lead to violence against the wife, along with the wife's negativity and continuous tolerance towards the violence committed by the husband. The study recommends holding seminars and counseling and treatment programs for the violent husband to solve his problems, treat his psychological disorders that he suffers from which result in committing violence against his wife and make sure that husbands don't practice violence against their wives through the media, clarifying the bad effects caused by violence on wives and children, activating the role of social institution in protecting the wife from the violent behavior of some husbands and encouraging husband to improve and develop self-compassion, forgiveness and marital satisfaction to enhance their marital relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND፡ Intimate partner violence is the most common form of gender-based violence and has enormous maternal health consequences. There is limited evidence concerning the magnitude and determinants of intimate partner violence amongst midlife women. Thus, this study aimed to determine the extent of and the factors contributing to spousal violence amongst midlife Ethiopian women. METHODS: The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data were examined, and a sample of 1628 ever-married midlife women was included. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of intimate partner violence. All statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of spousal violence among midlife women in Ethiopia was 31.8%. Age of women, divorced, and working status were significantly associated with spousal violence. The likelihood of spousal violence is increase among midlife women who had no formal education, less decision-making power in household, and had partner who had drinking habit. CONCLUSION: This study showed that nearly one-thirds of midlife Ethiopian women have experienced spousal violence in their lifetime. Empowering midlife women by giving them decisionmaking tools and educating them to deal with, and prevent spousal violence may be effective strategies in reducing this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a known fact that gender-based violence is an infringement on human rights. Gender-based violence takes place all over the world in almost every place. It is experienced in homes, workplaces, communities, and in the Church as well. Today, church members, as well as pastors are wounded, fragmented, and hurting as they suffer serious abuses in silence. Christian children have fallen victim to sexual abuse that is perpetrated by their parents. Parents too, have become victims of violence; sometimes maimed by children who have become violent enough to kill their Christian parents in their homes. Furthermore, many Christian couples have continued to experience intra gender violence in their families that is often attributed to marital infidelity. Beyond that, there is also a common secretive kind of abuse in the form of marital sexual violence which is a serious form of violence against women. This is a hidden type of abuse that has been perpetrated behind closed doors for too long by members of the body of Christ. Due to its prevalence sometimes the victims themselves, often pretend that the problem in not present by keeping a deafening silence. This article, therefore, makes an in-depth investigation into the causes of the pervasive forms of gender-based violence that occur in some Zambian Christian homes, with particular emphasis on the ways in which this multifaceted phenomenon is very much hidden. This article expounds on how Christian couples have continued to suffer silently as their voices are suppressed due to fear and shame. In the conclusion of the article, it is suggested that, unless the church, in its pastoral care role, awakens from its slumber and begins to address issues of gender-based violence in the church with sincerity, honesty, and openness by admitting that indeed, the body of Christ is yearning to be healed, gender-based violence shall remain a perennial occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child marriage is a fundamental violation of human rights that can have numerous adverse effects on girls' social, mental and physical health and wellbeing. Marriage in Eritrea relatively occurs earlier for women. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of child marriage, determinants and its related adverse health outcomes in five selected villages of the sub-region of Serejeka in Central region of Eritrea. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 married women aged 18 to 30 years who are residents of five selected villages of the sub-region of Serejeka between July 12 and August 20, 2018. The sampling design was stratified random sampling and data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics including chi-square test and logistic regression were employed using SPSS (v.22). Results: The prevalence of child marriage was found to be 42% [95% CI (35.1, 48.9)]. The maximum and minimum age at marriage were 14 and 29, respectively. No formal education/primary level (AOR = 22.08, 95% CI: 4.16, 117.24), junior educational level (AOR = 6.95, 95% CI: 3.48, 13.87) and decision on the marriage (AOR = 4.30, 95% CI: 1.03, 17.92) were the significant determinants of child marriage. Prolonged labour (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1. 32, 5.98), abortion (OR = 3.95, 95% CI: 1.63, 9.53), hemorrhage during birth (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.68, 13.87), spousal violence (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.75), pressure/stress (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.68, 13.87), termination of education (OR = 8.24, 95% CI: 4.35, 15.63) and stigma or isolation from their society (OR = 7.38, 95% CI: 3.03, 17.98) were significant adverse health outcomes associated with child marriage. Conclusion: This study revealed that child marriage was still a common practice. It is associated with detrimental physical health, psychological well-being and socio-economic status. This mandates policy makers and program managers to focus their programs on delaying entry of children into wedlock and motherhood by providing information, education and enhancing communication with their community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital violence is a serious public health problem. Initiatives aimed at understanding the elements involved in domestic violence are relevant to better understand it and to develop intervention tools. This is a qualitative study and it aims to analyze and understand the conceptions of love relationships in the reports of men accused of conjugal violence and framed under Law 11.340, Maria da Penha, in a Brazilian capital. A Sociodemographic questionnaire and Focus Group were applied to data collection. Thematic Analysis was used to highlight the results concerning the concept of love relationships, couple's communication, and conflict resolution strategies and their subcategories. It was verified how much the traditional male figure faces a process of ambiguity in his social role, affecting the marital relationship. In addition, the use of violence as an ineffective strategy for conflict resolution and the love idealization occupy a prominent place. The importance of research and interventions in this population is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spousal violence (SV) is a global problem for women and its elimination is one of the prime targets of Sustainable Development Goal-5. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of seventeen countries, representing two sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regions (East and Southern Africa [ESA] and West and Central Africa [WCA]), were used to examine the relationship between all types of SV and women's empowerment status among rural married women aged 15–49 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore adjusted associations, and a relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) were used to measure the inequality in experiencing SV by rural women based on their overall empowerment position. Within the period 2015–2019, the reported rate of SV was higher in the ESA (physical SV: 33.55%; sexual SV: 16.96%; any type of SV: 46.14%) than the WCA countries (physical SV: 27.80%; sexual SV: 7.63%; any type of SV: 40.83%), except for emotional SV (WCA: 31.28% vs ESA: 29.35%). In terms of overall empowerment status, rural WCA women were slightly ahead of their counterparts in the ESA region (46.09% and 44.64%, respectively). For both ESA and WCA countries, women who didn't justify violence and who had access to health care (except physical SV in WCA) showed negative but significant association with all types of SV in the adjusted analysis. Conversely, economic empowerment significantly increased the odds of experiencing physical and any type of SV in both regions. The significant risk ratios obtained from RII, for any SV were 0.83 and 1.09, and the β -coefficients from SII were –0.082 and 0.037 units, respectively, in ESA and WCA. Multi-sectoral microfinance-based intervening programmes and policies should be implemented regionally to empower women, especially in the economic, socio-culture, health care accessibility dimensions, and this will eventually reduce all types of spousal violence in rural SSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological aggression is the most common manifestation of intimate partner violence. Literature demonstrates that attachment and jealousy can predict intimate partner violence. The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model in which jealousy is a mediator between attachment and psychological aggression. This is a quantitative study, with cross-sectional and explanatory design. A sample of 600 people, aged between 18 and 65 years old, residing in 13 Brazilian states, was investigated. A Sociodemographic data questionnaire, Psychological Aggression Sub-scales (CTS2), Questionnaire on the Affective Relationships (QAR), Interpersonal Jealousy Scale (IJC) and Adult Attachment Scale (AAS 2) were used. Structural equation modeling indicated that jealousy functioned as a mediator between attachment and psychological aggressions, alerting to the possibility of prevention in conjugality through early interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spousal violence is a severe public health concern. Despite the expanding scholarship, many concerns remain unresolved about the prevalence of this violence, the risk factors, the repercussions, and how to address the problem. This paper sets out a simple study recognizing the sharp increase of spousal violence in the state of Karnataka, with an overall decrease in the rest of South India. Using India's National Family Health Survey data, we isolate the effect of spousal violence on female autonomy. The findings have substantial policy implications suggesting that it will take more than an improvement in women's empowerment options to address the problem of spousal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zona Próxima is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Domestic violence in the Indian context becomes complex with the interplay of law and prevalent sociocultural dimensions vis à vis women. This article analyzes the representation of domestic violence in select Hindi films: Agni Sakshi (With Fire as Witness) (Ghosh, 1996), Daman: A Victim of Marital Violence (Subjugation: A Victim of Marital Violence) (Lajmi, 2001), and Mehndi (Henna) (Khan, 1998). These films conceptualize the legalistic matter of domestic violence in two ways: one, in the form of battering, sexual, emotional, and verbal abuse by a psychopathic husband, and two, as family violence caused by the social evil of dowry. By exploring the fictional screening of the issue of domestic violence, this article analyzes how such depictions have been co-related to contemporary legal discourses. Our article investigates how films contribute to the understanding of domestic violence within the context of legal matters and reveal the underlying feminist or patriarchal values. Through textual analysis of the film texts, we hypothesize that they often reinforce patriarchal narratives by portraying domestic violence as isolated incidents related to husbands' psychopathy or dowry issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate surrounding the role of cousin marriage in women's autonomy, household status, and labor supply is longstanding and marked by contradictory viewpoints. Some studies suggest that cousin marriage enhances women's situation in the household, while others argue it restricts their freedoms and economic prospects. Despite this ongoing debate, quantitative investigations are limited. This study uses a sample of 15,068 married women from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 to examine the link between cousin marriage and women's labor supply patterns. The findings suggest a modest correlation between cousin marriage and reduced paid work. However, cousin marriage appears to have a more pronounced connection with women's work at home, potentially channeling them toward unpaid work for kin. Women in cousin marriages are unlikely to experience improved status within the household compared to women in non-cousin marriages. They are also more likely to rationalize acts of spousal violence in favor of patriarchal familial roles. In this regard, cousin marriage could potentially perpetuate patriarchal gender roles by penalizing women who deviate from conventional norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's stay/leave decision-making in violent relationships has become a subject of investigation in psychology over the last few decades. Despite making significant contributions to the understanding of how women's psychological processes shape their responses to violence, much of this research has lacked a contextualized approach. The present study aimed to provide a feminist context-informed examination of women's decision-making and safety-seeking processes. Twelve women who had experiences of violence in their marital relationships were interviewed individually. The study was carried out in Istanbul, Turkey, and all participants were socioeconomically disadvantaged women. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used for the data analysis. The results indicated that women's helplessness, beyond being a psychological construct, was a reality shaped by the conditions of marginalization in their lives. More than being related to the experience of psychological trauma, the women's narratives revealed the disempowering barriers associated with the lack of socioeconomic and institutional resources. Under these circumstances, regardless of their decisions to stay or leave, the women underlined their ongoing strategic efforts to ensure their safety, as mainly strengthened by the relational support available to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delayed first antenatal care contact refers to first antenatal care contact occurring above twelfth weeks of gestation. Studies in Nigeria and in other countries have examined the prevalence and predictors of delayed first antenatal care contact. Nevertheless, existing studies have rarely examined the predictors among primiparous women. In addition, the evidence of higher health risks associated with primigravida emphasizes the need to focus on primiparous women. This study, therefore, examined the predictors of delayed first antenatal care contact among primiparous women in Nigeria.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design that analyzed data extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The study analyzed a weighted sample of 3,523 primiparous women. The outcome variable was delayed first antenatal care contact. explanatory variables were grouped into predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The predisposing factors were maternal age, education, media exposure, religion, household size, The knowledge of the fertile period, and women's autonomy. The enabling factors were household wealth, employment status, health insurance, partner's education, financial inclusion, and barriers to accessing healthcare. The need factors were pregnancy wantedness and spousal violence during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using Stata 14. Two multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) of primiparous women delayed first antenatal care contact. Maternal age, maternal education, media exposure, religion, household membership, and knowledge of the fertile period were predisposing factors that significantly influenced the likelihood of delayed first antenatal care contact. Also, household wealth, employment status, health insurance, partner's education, perception of distance to the health facility, and financial inclusion were enabling factors that had significant effects on delayed first antenatal care contact. Pregnancy wantedness was the only need factor that significantly influenced the likelihood of delayed first antenatal care contact.Conclusion: The majority of primiparous women in Nigeria delayed first antenatal care contact and the delay was predicted by varied predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Therefore, a public health education program that targets women of reproductive age especially primiparous women is needed to enhance early antenatal care contact in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the aim of our cross-sectional study was to compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the social support, the personal history of abuse, and the parental bonding style of maltreating Tunisian mothers to those of nonmaltreating mothers. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study carried out on the child psychiatry department of Mongi Slim Hospital in Tunisia. A data-collection sheet was designed to collect sociodemographic and clinical data about the child and the maltreatment (type, frequency, and duration), the mother of the child (sociodemographic and clinical data) and the family (socioeconomic situation and conjugal violence). Results: the sample was composed of 167 mothers. Children were significantly more maltreated when their ages were between 6 and 12 years (p=0.004) and less maltreated when they had been born prematurely (p=0.007). Also, the higher the level of the mother's education, the less the child was maltreated (p=0.007). In addition, maltreated mothers more frequently had a history of physical abuse, emotional abuse, or emotional neglect during their childhood (p values were respectively 0.002, 0.05, and 0.007). Thus, when mothers maltreated their children, a perception of optimal grandmother-mother parenting was significantly less frequent, and a perception of an affectionless-bonding grandmother-mother was significantly frequent (p = 0.019). Conclusion: we conclude that it is important to consider individual, relational, communal, and social factors to elaborate efficient strategies for preventing children maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socioeconomic development initiatives (SDIs) have become a controversial issue. In giving skill trainings and credit supports, practitioners assume that SDI participation will enhance women's income/dignity. Some studies have indicated that SDIs reduce women's exposure to marital violence (MV), while others have shown that they increase spousal conflicts/MV. Our study explains how SDI participation may influence women's marital life. This explorative study adopted a grounded theory design. Data included 17 participating-women's interviews. It revealed that many women experienced further marital subordination, spousal conflicts, and MV. Yet women with strong motivation increased marital dignity/safety. Caring husbands facilitated this. If men can be involved in supporting women, impacts of SDIs will be substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]