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In this study, it has been tried to develop a different perspective in the literature by determining the reflection of couple burnout of mothers, which is examined as a problem between couples or a personal problem, on the social development of children. The study was designed in the relational survey model, one of the general survey models. In the study, the Social Skills Assessment Scale was used to measure the social skills of children, and the Couple Burnout Scale Short Form was used to measure the mother's burnout level. According to the findings, a significant negative relationship was found between the Social Skills Scale's sub-dimensions of Initiating and Maintaining Relationships, Aggressive Behaviors and Coping Skills with Impulses, Planning, Group Communication and Conducting a Job Skills, and Social Skills Scale Total Score and Couple Burnout. It has been observed that couple burnout of mothers negatively and significantly predicts children's social skills and sub-dimensions of social skills, such as initiating and maintaining relationships, coping with aggressive behaviors and impulses, planning, communication with the group and running a business. It was concluded that the couple burnout of the mothers negatively predicted the social skills of the children.

Occupational stress has been the subject of numerous research studies conducted across the globe due to its impact on our daily life. For instance, it can have a negative impact on teachers' psychological and normal functioning of the body at all levels as well as their performance. It can even impact adversely on their marriage and social lives as well. This study explored the relationships between occupational stress and marital contentment in the COVID-19 era. The current COVID-19 pandemic, which shook the foundations of labour, industries, and economies worldwide, has exacerbated the crisis of occupational stress among many people, including teachers. The demises, national lockdowns, and general unpredictability caused by the virus have disrupted workflow and made marriages more stressful. As a consequence, this study was based on the numerous sources of occupational stress and the association between occupational stress and marital contentment. With a sample size of 100 out of 132 married tutors from selected Ghanaian colleges of education, the research used a correlational descriptive research approach. The findings revealed that during COVID-19 married tutors faced stressful situations as a result of their expertise and talents not being fully exploited at work. Occupational stress and marital contentment were also found to be somewhat positively related (r=0.28). The study also found that there were no gender variations in occupational stress (P=0.156) and marital contentment (P=0.108) among married tutors.

Family practitioners come from many walks of life and may include students, provided they are sufficiently prepared or supported through hands-on learning experiences. In this study, we report the outcomes of community different-sex couples who participated in a free, six-week, student-facilitated Marriage Enrichment Workshop between 2015 and 2018, offered over distance via Interactive Video Conferencing. Data from n = 39 individuals (25 couples) indicated positive change during workshop participation regarding negative interaction, commitment, and sexual and emotional intimacy. At six months post-workshop, only change in negative interaction retained significance. No significant results were reported for overall marital satisfaction, and no effects of booster sessions were detected. This workshop showed slight positive gains for couples, a favorable outcome for an experience with dual goals of providing student practice and strengthening couple relationships in the community.

This study aimed to examine whether the tendency to cheat and interpersonal cognitive distortions have a predictive effect on the marital satisfaction level of married teachers. The sample of the study consisted of 107 (28.1%) male and 271 (71.9%) female married teachers working in Gaziantep. In the study, a Personal Information Form was used to collect data on the demographic characteristics of married teachers, the Marriage Life Scale to measure marital satisfaction level, the Cheating Tendency Scale to measure the level of infidelity tendency, and the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale to measure interpersonal cognitive distortions. A survey model was used in this study. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression analysis methods were used in the analysis process of the obtained data. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the tendency to cheat and interpersonal cognitive distortions were significant predictors of marital satisfaction. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the tendency to cheat and interpersonal cognitive distortions explained 30% of married teachers' marital satisfaction. At the same time, there is a negative and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and the tendency to cheat; a positive and significant relationship exists between the tendency to cheat and interpersonal cognitive distortions. It has been determined that there is a negative and significant relationship between interpersonal cognitive distortions and marital satisfaction.

This study aims to investigate the self-efficacy levels and perceived mattering of parents with preschool children. The study employed a correlational survey research design. The study group of the research consists of 302 parents whose children attend private preschool educational institutions in the city center of Gümüshane province, Turkey. The data of the study were collected using "Introductory Information Form," the "General Self-Efficacy Scale," and the "Perceived Mattering Questionnaire." T-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that fathers and parents with male children have higher levels of perceived mattering. In addition, it was found that parents who live in a nuclear family, have two children, have a marriage duration of 5-9 years, and are very satisfied with their marriage have high levels of self-efficacy and perceived mattering. It was also found that parents' sense of mattering to their spouses positively affects their self-efficacy levels. In this context, spouses' perceptions of mattering and self-efficacy can be investigated in more detail and this solution-oriented studies can be carried out on this issue.

The purpose of this study is to explore the association between marital satisfaction and social activities with parents' self-perception. Self-perception included parents' sense of self and their attitudes and beliefs about who they are as individuals and as parents. Three hundred and twenty-seven parents, having either a child with (D1-target group) or without (D2-control group) a disability, were enrolled in the study. We hypothesized that self-perception of parents in the target group would be lower in all measures. We also hypothesized that low self-perception will correlate with parents' marital satisfaction and social activities. We found that parents of a child with disabilities reported significantly lower levels in all domains (self-perception, marital satisfaction and social activities) than parents of children without disabilities. Moreover, multigroup analyses confirmed that the structural paths between self-perception, marital satisfaction and social activities do not differ between D1 and D2 parents ([chi-squared](127, N = 327) = 134.62, p>0.05, CFI = 1.00 [greater than or equal to] 0.90, RMSEA=0.063 [less than or equal to] 0.080, SRMR = 0.054 < 0.08, TLI = 1.000 > 0.95). Results are discussed in terms of children's educational placement and their implications on children with and without disabilities unobstructed co-development and co-existence with their parents in the family context.

Parents, particularly mothers, of autistic children may be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of COVID-19. The current longitudinal study examined changes in psychological distress (anxiety, depression, stress) and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic children across three time points between April and October 2020, and the extent to which pre-COVID factors predicted changes in these outcomes. Participants were 94 mothers and 58 fathers of autistic children drawn from a larger longitudinal study about family relationships and autistic children's mental health that began prior to the pandemic. Results indicated that mothers reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to fathers in July and October 2020. Although, on average, levels of psychological distress and marital functioning did not significantly change for mothers and fathers, pre-pandemic child functioning and marital satisfaction predicted individual differences in change in marital satisfaction during the pandemic for mothers. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Private religious schools are widely seen as value-laden communities that mold the character of their students. Thus, we expect adults who attended religious schools as children to demonstrate more favorable family outcomes related to stable marriages and childbearing. We further expect Protestant schooling to have a more powerful effect on marital outcomes than Catholic schooling, given the heavier focus of Protestantism on marriage. Finally, we expect stronger positive associations between religious schooling and marital outcomes for adults who grew up in difficult circumstances compared to adults who grew up in advantaged circumstances. We test these hypotheses using survey data from the Understanding America Study. Our three outcome variables are ever marrying and never divorcing, ever divorcing, and conceiving a child out-of-wedlock. Most of the results confirm our hypotheses. Protestant schooling is associated with more positive marital outcomes across all three measures. Catholic schooling is significantly correlated with a lower likelihood of having a child outside of marriage. The associations between religious schooling and desirable marriage outcomes are strongest for adults who grew up poor and for those raised in intact families.

The main purposes of this study are to examine the effects of the psychoeducation programme structured on Masnavi stories based on positive psychology, prepared by the researcher, on marital harmony to improve this through a psychoeducational programme and to increase their satisfaction with life. The research was an experimental study based on "pre-test, post-test and follow-up test model with control group". Examined group of the research consisted of 14 married couples who lived in Istanbul and who agreed to participate voluntarily. Of the 14 married couples, seven pairs were assigned randomly to the experimental group and seven pairs to the control group. In order to reveal the effectiveness of the psychoeducational programme, "Spousal Harmony Scale" and "Personal Information Form", prepared by the researcher were taken by the couples before the first session. Couples in the control group were visited and they were given the scale and the form. While couples in the experimental group took 11 weeks of psychoeducational programme structured on "Masnavi" stories based on positive psychology, no such procedure was applied to the control group. The effectiveness of the programme was tested by applying the same measurement tools to the couples in the experimental and control groups before, during and after the experiment. The data were analysed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. According to the results of the research, the psychoeducational programme structured on "Masnavi" stories based on positive psychology was found to be effective in increasing the level of harmony (marital harmony, marital satisfaction, showing love and marital commitment) between the married couples. In addition to these results, it was seen that "Masnavi" of Mevlana, which had themes of positive psychology and metaphors, had a psychotherapeutic aspect. The results obtained were discussed with the relevant literature and theoretical and practical suggestions were made for different fields of application.

As a primary goal, the aim of this study is to examine the parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment levels of the parents of disabled individuals in terms of various variables and to examine the relationship between parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment, as well. Correlational survey model was used in the research. The participants of the study are parents of disabled children attending Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers (SERC) in Edirne, Tekirdag and Istanbul in the 2019-2020 academic year. In order to collect the data of this research, the parental self-efficacy scale, developed by Guimond, Moore, Aier, Maxon & Diken (2005) and adapted to Turkish by Aksoy & Diken (2007), whose reliability study was carried out by Cavkaytar, Aksoy & Ardic (2014) was used. Besides, the Marriage Adjustment Scale (MAS), which was developed by Locke & Wallace (1959) and adapted to Turkish by Tutarel Kislak (1999), was also used According to the results of the research, the self-efficacy levels of the parents were found to be average; and in terms of gender variable, no significant difference was observed from the male parents considering age, monthly income level, education level and the type of disability variable of the child. In addition, marital adjustment levels of the parents were detected to be low. There was a significant difference in marital adjustment levels in favor of male parents, in favor of parents with a low-income level, and in favor of secondary school graduate parents in the educational level variable. No significant difference was observed in terms of age and the child's disability type variable. According to the results of this study, a positive relationship was observed between self-efficacy and marital adjustment.

This research aimed to investigate marital satisfaction with respect to proactive personality, meaning in life, and offense-specific forgiveness in marriage. Research data were collected from 350 married using the, Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS), Satisfaction with Married Life Scale, Proactive Personality Scale, and Meaning in Life Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with regression and Pearson correlation coefficient to test the hypotheses of this research. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between marital satisfaction and meaning in life and proactive personality. It is also concluded that there is a negative correlation between marital satisfaction and resentment-avoidance, one of the sub-dimensions of offense-specific forgiveness in marriage. According to the regression analysis in the study, proactive personality, meaning in life, and resentment-avoidance variables, which are sub-dimensions of offense-specific forgiveness in marriage, were found to predict marital satisfaction significantly.

Given the serious effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on academic burnout, this study aims to examine the multiple mediating roles of negative emotions and phubbing in the relationship between parental marital conflict and academic burnout. A total of 1353 college students participated in this study. The results showed that parental marital conflict not only had a direct effect on academic burnout but also affected academic burnout through three indirect paths: parental marital conflict-negative emotions-academic burnout, parental marital conflict-phubbing-academic burnout, and parental marital conflict-negative emotions-phubbing-academic burnout. The parental marital conflict increased the risk of negative emotions and phubbing in college students and had a subsequent impact on academic burnout. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.

Background: International literature has underlined the complex interplay between genetic and environmental variables in shaping children's emotional-behavioral functioning. Objective: This study aimed to explore the dynamic relationship between children's Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) genotype and methylation, and maternal and paternal affective environment, on children's Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems and dysregulation problems. Method: In a community sample of 76 families with school-aged children, we assessed children's DAT1 genotype and methylation, their own ADHD problems and dysregulation profile (CBCL 6-18 DP), and maternal and paternal psychopathological risk, parenting stress, and marital adjustment. Hierarchical regressions were carried out to verify the possible moderation of children's genotype on the relationship between children's methylation and psychopathological risk, parental environment and children's methylation, and parental environment and children's psychopathological risk. Results: The levels of methylation at M1 CpG significantly predicted ADHD problems among children with 10/10 genotype, whereas high levels of methylation at M6 CpG predicted low ADHD problems for children with 9/x genotype. High levels of methylation at M3 CpG were associated with high scores of CBCL DP. DAT1 genotype moderated the relationship between maternal and paternal variables with children's methylation and psychopathological risk. The scores of maternal and paternal Dyadic Adjustment Scale showed indirect effects on children's methylation and psychopathological risk in relation to those exerted by risk factors. Conclusion: Our study has supported the emerging evidence on the complex nature of children's emotional-behavioral functioning and the associated risk and protective factors, with important implications for the planning of preventive programs.

There has been much effort in recent years to address some of the damage of the recent global financial crisis with financial literacy education. Little research has been done, however, on the factors that might affect the decision to seek individual versus couples-based financial education. We used a survey instrument administered via the online labor market, Mechanical Turk, to examine factors associated with this outcome: whether members of a couple would choose individual or couples financial coaching. All participants were screened for current membership in a committed relationship for at least 6 months. Most participants reported a preference for couples versus individual financial counseling. Key factors that predicted a likelihood to opt for couples' counseling include gender, age, and satisfaction with one's relationship. Results from this study suggest that how and why consumers seek financial education may be affected by social, cultural, emotional, and relational factors as well as financial concerns. Such factors should be considered by practitioners in this field if program marketing, design, and delivery are to be relevant to participants and effective.

The deleterious nature of U.S. economic recessions over the last several decades highlight a need to investigate the role of family economic strain on families. The current study explored the impact of family economic strain on marital quality and marital stability through dyadic associations of marital support and work-family conflict of 370 married couples over a 12-year period (1989-2001) through an actor-partner interdependence model, encompassing two major U.S. recessions. Guided by family stress and coping theory, findings are consistent with past research indicating the negative impact of family economic strain on marital quality and marital stability; however, this impact may be mitigated through the mediation of positive perceptions of marital support and work-family conflict. Implications suggest financial counselors should consider the lasting influence of economic strain on families, and how the psychosocial resources of martial support and managing work-family conflict may promote relationship quality and stability.

Purpose: The present study aims to examine to what extent the group guidance program affects the levels of couple burnout, occupational burnout and work engagement of fathers with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research Methods: In this research, a random pattern with a pre-test post-test control group in a quasi-experimental design was used. The research group of this study consisted of 22 fathers whose children attended the Education Foundation in a provincial center in Central Anatolia and volunteered to participate in the group work. With the random assignment method, 11 fathers were assigned to the experimental group and 11 fathers to the control group. The Couple Burnout Measure-Short Version (CBMS), the Burnout Measure-Short Version (BMS), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Personal Information Form designed by the researcher were used as the data collection tools in this study. A group guidance program of 10 sessions, once a week for ten weeks, was applied to the experimental group. Shapiro-Wilk test was used in data analysis, and the Levene test was used to test the homogeneity of variances. The pre-test and post-test scores of the fathers in the experimental and control groups were compared with the t-test for dependent and independent groups. Findings: As a result of the analysis of the data, there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test mean scores of both couple burnout and occupational burnout, while there was no significant difference between work engagement post-test and pre-test mean scores. Implications for Research and Practice: Since it has been determined that the group guidance program is effective in reducing couple and occupational burnout scores of fathers with children with ASD, this program may be useful to be implemented by psychological counselors. In addition, group psychological counseling activities using psychological intervention strategies for parents can be conducted.

In the spring of 2020, as a result of the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many children dropped out of daycare and early education in Finland, and parents had to balance work and childcare for months. The wellbeing of families during the lockdown has been studied to some extent, but few studies have focused on children under school age. In May 2020, we sent a survey to the 82 families originally recruited in our study on supporting social-emotional development in early childhood education units, which had been interrupted by the pandemic. Twenty families responded to questionnaires about the impacts of the lockdown on the wellbeing of the children and their parents. Parents reported a decline in children's prosocial behavior compared to the time before the pandemic and assessed that the children who stayed at home were lonelier than children who remained in daycare. Otherwise, being at home or in care was not associated with children's physical or mental wellbeing. Parents had experienced increased mental strain and increased problems in marital relationships and the disruption of children's participation in daycare was associated with deterioration in the parent-child relationship. Due to the small sample size, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Background: Families of children with developmental disabilities face extraordinary changes in their life circumstances and needs that require adaptations to create sustainable and meaningful daily routines. The present study explored the adaptation of Chinese families of children with developmental disabilities from an ecocultural theoretical perspective. Method: A total of 34 families of children with developmental disabilities were interviewed using the adapted Family Life Interview, and the data were analysed thematically. Results: The Chinese families put the needs of their child with developmental disabilities as their highest priority, sought to maintain family harmony, faced an unpredictable future, and experienced limited services to support their endeavours. Conclusion: The findings stress the importance of having a deep understanding of the cultural and social contexts that impact the lives of families of children with developmental disabilities prior to developing family-centred interventions to assist families in their changed life circumstances.

The aim of this study is to examine graduate students' opinions regarding marriage and premarital education programs. The participants of the study are 22 graduate students (12 female and 10 male) attending different programs at a public university in Izmir, Turkey. The data for the study were collected through a standardized interview form prepared by the researcher herself, which consists of open-ended questions. The data obtained in this qualitative study were analysed by using content analysis technique. The findings of the study were classified under five main themes: definition of marriage; perceptions about premarital education programs; knowledge and skills that need to be acquired prior to marriage; skills that men and women should have to maintain a healthy marriage; and positive and negative traits that the participants believe that they already have in order to maintain a marriage. Later, these findings were discussed under the light of studies and their findings available in the related literature.

Marriage is a bond between a man and a woman that is supposed to produce a satisfactory relationship whereby the married couple experience marital satisfaction that brings about mental and physical health of the individuals. This study determined the relationship between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction of married teachers in Anambra state. Three research questions were formulated to guide the study while three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 1,344 married teachers was drawn from a population of 6,987 married teachers. A multi-stage sampling procedure was followed selecting the sample. Two instruments: Emotional intelligence Scale (EIS) and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) were adopted and used for data collection. The instruments are standardised measures and have the following reliability coefficient; 0.96 for IMS, 0.89 and for EIS. Data was collected through direct delivery approach. Data collected were analysed. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to answer research questions and test the hypotheses. Findings of the study showed among others that there is a significant low relationship existing among married teachers' emotional intelligence and their marital satisfaction. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended, among others that married teachers should be encouraged by the Counselors involved in marital counselling to pursue habits and attitudes that promote marital satisfaction through periodic seminars and counseling sessions.

This study examined the mediating role of emotional intelligence and marital adjustment in the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being; interpersonal mindfulness in marriage and subjective well-being. 550 married individuals (370 female and 180 male) participated in this research. "Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale", "Mindfulness in Marriage Scale", "Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form", Marital Adjustment Test", "Positive and Negative Affect Scale", "Life Satisfaction Scale" and "Personal Information Form" were used in this research. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and path analyses, which is one of the structural equation model technics, were used for data analyses. Correlation analysis results showed that there was positively correlation between mindfulness, interpersonal mindfulness in marriage, emotional intelligence, marital adjustment and subjective well-being. Path analysis result showed that emotional intelligence fully mediated the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Besides, emotional intelligence and marital adjustment partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness in marriage and subjective well-being and model explained 51.00% of total variance of subjective well-being. The results of the research were discussed in the light of literature and suggestions were presented.

This study investigated whether married individuals' relational humor styles were significant predictors of their marital satisfaction levels. The study was conducted with a total of 228 married participants (139 women and 89 men). The duration of marriage of the participants ranged from 1 to 46 years (M = 9.34, SD = 10.37). The data were obtained by using the Marital Life Scale and Relational Humor Inventory. The data were tested with multiple regression analysis supported by bootstrapping process. According to the regression results, self-positive and self-negative relational humor styles significantly predicted their own marital satisfaction. On the other hand, self-instrumental humor did not predict marital satisfaction significantly. Otherwise, marital satisfaction was significantly predicted by partner-positive, partner-negative, and partner-instrumental humor styles. The findings obtained in the study were discussed in accordance with the related literature and suggestions were made for the following studies.

This study aimed to identify the impact of emotional divorce and its relationship with psychological hardiness for a sample of married female students at Yarmok University. It also aimed at recognizing the differences between those students impacted by emotional divorce in light of certain factors, namely the duration of marriage, the family's monthly salary and the husband's educational level. The researchers used a questionnaire as the study instrument that consisted of a thirty-item emotional divorce scale and a thirty-one-item psychological hardiness scale. The researchers found that by using the statistical analysis of means and standard deviations, three- way ANOVA analysis, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the level of emotional divorce among married female students at Yarmok University was low. Unexpectedly, the level of psychological hardiness among the married female students was high. In addition, the study results showed that there is a negative statistical relationship between emotional divorce and psychological hardiness for married female students at Yarmok University.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself and continues during the disorder's course with symptoms of inadequacies in social interaction and communication, limited and repetitive behaviors and limited interests. It was stated that the burden and fatigue stemming from the long-term care of the child, changing family roles and routines, difficulties encountered during diagnosis and access to services, getting insufficient information about the diagnosis, the need for information to access appropriate education and rehabilitation services and the economic burden caused by satisfying this need, and the difficulties in participating in social life account for burnout in parents of children with ASD. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental burnout, and the perceived social support level of parents of children with ASD and their satisfaction level from this support. In addition to this main purpose, (a) the relationship between parental burnout level, and the ages of the children with ASD, the time since diagnosis and parental age, and (b) whether there is a difference in the parental burnout level according to parental education level and gender were examined in the study. Data was collected from the parents of 296 children who met the criteria for participation in the study using the Participant Information Form, Parental Burnout Scale and Revised Parental Social Support Scale. The study results revealed that there was a weak and moderate negative relationship between perceived social support and parental burnout.

The purpose of this study was to develop the Financial Transparency Scale (FTS) to assess financial transparency, the open and honest disclosure of one's finances, between married partners. A sample of 183 individuals married for less than 5 years, in their first marriage, completed an online survey. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted and determined the FTS is comprised of three components: Financial Partnership, Financial Secrecy, and Financial Trust and Disclosure. The FTS was positively correlated with four related scales: the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Shared Goals and Values Scale, the Frequency of Financial Management Scale, and the Communication Patterns Questionnaire-Short Form. An alpha of 0.94 was reported for the FTS. Financial practitioners can use the FTS as a tool to determine the level of financial transparency within a couple relationship, identify areas of concern, and illustrate the importance of open and honest communication about finances.

In Erikson's model of development, intimacy and isolation denote polar outcomes of psychosocial crisis in young adulthood. Drawing on this model, the present study used three-wave longitudinal data to examine patterns of the success and lack of success in the resolution of Eriksonian crisis in relation to romantic loneliness as a negative outcome of the intimacy crisis, and compared across Poland and the United States. The data were collected from Polish and U.S. individuals aged 18-40 for Wave 1 (N = 763). Four patterns of the Eriksonian intimacy crisis were identified: (a) stable partnered status; (b) stable single status; (c) transition from single to partnered status; (d) transition from partnered to single status. In both countries, transition from single to partnered status was related to decreased romantic loneliness. Greater initial romantic loneliness was observed among Polish single adults who transited to partnered status in contrast to stable single adults. In turn, the U.S. partnered adults who transited to single status initially experienced lower romantic loneliness than stable single adults. Bivariate latent growth curve models pairing romantic loneliness with relationship satisfaction revealed that higher initial relationship satisfaction was associated with lower initial romantic loneliness, and a greater increase in relationship satisfaction was associated with smaller increases in romantic loneliness. The findings highlight that different resolutions of the intimacy crisis are related to diverse romantic loneliness and relationship satisfaction trajectories and these associations also appear to differ as a function of various marital and loneliness contexts in Poland and the United States.

Respect, subjective vitality, and subjective happiness can be associated with positive psychological functioning. In this study, subjective vitality was examined as a mediator on the relationship between respect toward partner and subjective happiness on a teachers' sample. The study is a quantitative cross-sectional mediation study. The data were collected from 172 married teachers by a questionnaire package that included the Respect toward Partner Scale, the Subjective Vitality Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Findings show that subjective happiness is predicted positively by respect toward partner and subjective vitality. Subjective vitality is predicted positively by respect toward partner. Also, the relationship between respect toward partner and subjective happiness is partially mediated by subjective vitality. Understanding the role of respect within close relationships could facilitate the development of interventions to enhance communication between partners about safety attitudes and decrease partner violence. Implications and limitations have been discussed within the scope of the relevant literature.

Mothers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face various burdensome challenges in many stages of their lives. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Turkish mothers whose children were diagnosed with ASD in terms of the emotions they felt and the challenges they encountered before and after the diagnosis. 17 mothers participated in this study which was designed in line with qualitative research methods and participant information form based on demographic characteristics was utilized to collect data along with the interview form composed of 11 questions. Findings from face-to-face interviews conducted with mothers showed that mothers thought their children had some problems as a result of their observations of limitations in communication skills, limitations in social interactions and some problem behaviors in their children. Children were diagnosed with ASD by doctors during the preschool period. Mothers expressed that they had experienced grief, denial, anxiety and fear after the diagnosis and stated that these feelings had not changed. In addition, mothers mentioned that they had changes in their family lives and that they maintained a child-centered life. Mothers pointed out that they generally spent their time doing research and gathering information on the subject. Research findings reveal the necessity of taking these mothers' experiences into account in early special education services and the need for planning these services to meet these mothers'needs.

Direct, indirect, and partner effects estimated among uplifts, respite care, stress, and marital quality across mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 102) and Down syndrome (n = 111) were examined in this cross-sectional study. Parents of children with ASD who reported more uplifts and less stress individually reported better marital quality; these wives reported better marital quality as their husbands reported more uplifts and less stress. Wives with children with DS who reported more uplifts, individually along with their husbands reported less stress and better marital quality. Respite was directly associated with marital quality for parents of children with ASD and indirectly associated with marital quality for parents of children with DS with reduced individual stress. Implications are discussed.

This study uses narrative inquiry to investigate the lived experiences of fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It aims to answer the question: "What stories do fathers of children with autism tell about their fathering experiences?" Data to inform this study was gathered through 30 in-depth interviews with 10 fathers living in Malta. A narrative analysis, which is defined as the configuration of data in chronological order, resulted in 10 stories that were written in the "third-person omniscient." An analysis of the stories resulted in the identification of eight common "events": (1) The diagnosis; (2) Search for solutions; (3) Relationship with spouse; (4) Communication difficulties; (5) Thoughts on fatherhood; (6) Society and autism; (7) Positive outcomes; and (8) The future. The stories illustrate the great lengths fathers of children with autism go to in order to support their children. It also provides insight into the fathers' concerns about the future. Finally, it highlights specific support needs, such as the need for more sensitivity when communicating the diagnosis, the need for professionals to be more conscious of "professional-client" power dynamics, and the need for more complete information.

Professional literature has indicated the detrimental effect of postpartum depression (PPD) and impaired mother's bond with baby (MBB) on infants throughout their development. The present study aimed to examine whether the associations between caregiving dispositions and both postpartum depression (PPD) and mothers' perception of their bond with baby (MBB) are mediated by maternal self-efficacy, and whether these mediation paths are moderated by marital satisfaction. In this study participated 182 mothers who were in the six months that followed the birth of their child. Results indicated that anxious caregiving predicted both PPD and MBB; however, avoidant caregiving was related only to PPD. Maternal self-efficacy had a salient contribution to both PPD and MBB, and fully mediated the link between anxious caregiving and both PPD and MBB. Marital satisfaction moderated the link between anxious caregiving and MBB. The findings suggest that it may be important when forming interventions focused on enhancing self-efficacy.

The challenges faced by parents raising children with cerebral palsy (CP) have been well explored in the literature. However, little attention has been paid to the experiences of parents raising children with CP in low-income countries, such as Ghana. Objective: Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore parents' experiences of raising children with CP, specifically focusing on the relationships between spouses and between children with CP and their typically developing siblings. Method: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 parents, who were purposively selected from the largest tertiary hospital in Ghana. Results: The results revealed that typically developing children accept their siblings with CP as their equals and even take up domestic responsibilities to lessen the burden on their parents. However, the parents reported experiencing marital and extended family conflict, financial burden and negative attitudes from spouses, resulting in family tensions. Conclusion: The implications of these findings for policy-making have also been discussed.

The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of values and perceived social support variables in marital adjustment level among married individuals. A total of 422 (211 pairs) married individuals who agreed to participate voluntarily were included. The study was conducted in accordance with the relational screening model. "Dyadic Adjustment Scale (SDS)," "Value Scale" and "The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)" were used in the study in fulfillment of the aim of the research. Correlation and regression analysis were used in the research. Analyses were tested with the help of SPSS 16.0 package with 0.01 and 0.05 levels of significance. The findings of the research showed the presence of predictive role of values and perceived social support variables in marital adjustment. Findings obtained from the study are discussed in relation to literature.

This study addresses the mediator role of spousal self-disclosure in the relationship between the spousal support and satisfaction with the marriage. For this purpose, data was collected from 549 married volunteers who lived in Ankara, had a wage-earning job, and who were at least high-school graduates. The married participants of the study were applied the data collection instruments of "Marital Life Scale", "Spousal Support Scale" and "Self-Disclosure to Spouse Scale". A relational screening model was used to study the relationship among the variables of spousal support, satisfaction with the marriage, and spousal self-disclosure. The mediator role of spousal self-disclosure in the relationship between spousal support and satisfaction with the marriage was tested by a structural equality model. The software LISREL 8.8 was used to test the model of the study. The relations among the variables were analyzed by path coefficients. Based on an examination of the path coefficients, the hypothesis that the mediator role of spousal self-disclosure in the relationship between the latent variable of spousal support and marital satisfaction is statistically significant was accepted. In sum, the mediation effect of the variables of spousal self-disclosure and the spousal support explain marital satisfaction. The findings of the study revealed that the variable of spousal self-disclosure has a full mediator role in the relationship between marital satisfaction and spousal support. As a result of these findings, it is fair to say that married couples who disclose themselves more deeply and sincerely to each other have a stronger and more effective perception of intimacy and support, thus married couples are able to display more flexible and appropriate behaviors to their spouse, improving the quality of their support with the advantages of self-disclosure. One can say that a healthy self-disclosure between the couples makes the social support that the spouses perceive from each other clear, fluent and fit for the needs, and increase their marital satisfaction. In this study, marital satisfaction was analyzed under a structural model with the variables of spousal support and spousal self-disclosure. Marital satisfaction may be examined with different variables that may be supported with theoretical grounds to plan new research.

Research supports that parents of children with ASD experience higher rates of marital conflict compared to parents of neurotypically developing (NT) children; however, no known research examining reactions to interparental conflict in children with ASD exists. This study compared emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses to interparental conflict in ASD (n = 21) and NT children (n = 29). Children were presented with videotaped interactions (constructive vs. destructive conflict) of actors and their reactions were measured. Children with ASD reported higher levels of negative emotions following constructive conflict compared to NT children. Parents of children with ASD rated their child's emotional and behavioral responses to interparental conflict more negatively than parents of NT children. Comparable levels of physiological reactivity were found across both groups.

We explored whether reports of three dyadic relationships (marital/partner, parent-child, sibling) were related to perceptions of family functioning in 467 mothers of children with intellectual disability aged 4-15 years. Structural equation models were fitted to examine associations between relationship indicators and family functioning. The final structural model showed that partner relationship satisfaction, partner disagreement, child-parent conflict, and sibling relationship warmth accounted for the most variance in family functioning, with partner relationship satisfaction having the strongest positive association. Dimensions of dyadic relationships appear to be associated with broader constructs of family functioning in this sample of mothers, signifying the potential for systemic intervention.

The aim of this study is to analyze the theses about marital adjustment in Turkey. 74 postgraduate theses that exist on the data base of "Council of Higher Education" were investigated via "Thesis Review Form". Theses studied between 2006-2016 are examined. "Marital adjustment" was used as key words. It is a qualitative research. The document analysis was used throughout the study. As a result, it is found that most of the theses are master theses and quantitative studies. Mostly, women studied on theses and working groups are composed of different married men and women.

The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating effects of attachment styles and gender on the predictive strength of marital adjustment on psychological symptoms among Turkish married individuals. Correlational model was used and the sample consisted of 178 married individuals. The data was gathered through online survey. The Turkish form of Brief Symptom Inventory (BFI) was used to measure psychological symptoms. The Turkish form of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) was used to measure marital adjustment and the Turkish form of Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) was used to measure attachment styles. The hypothetical model was formed and tested through path analysis technique of structural equational modeling. Results showed that secure, dismissing and fearful attachment styles and gender moderated the predictive strength of marital adjustment on psychological symptoms. It was found that the relationship between marital adjustment and psychological symptom is stronger among individuals who have secure attachment style.

Data were acquired from a total of 422 university students with 216 female and 206 male students via Couple Attachment Scale, Stress Coping Styles Scale and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Positive and statistically significant relationships were determined between self-confident approach, optimistic approach and social support approach sub-scales as a result of Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient analysis; whereas a negative and statistically significant relationship was determined between helpless approach and submissive approach sub-scales and self-esteem. It was determined as a result of the One Way MANOVA analysis that couples with secure and insecure attachment differ with regard to ways of coping with stress and self-esteem levels and that couples with secure attachment make use of self-confident approach, optimistic approach and social support approach from among styles of coping with stress, whereas couples with insecure attachment use helpless approach and submissive approach styles and that they have lower self-esteem levels.

The authors investigated marital satisfaction and academic self-efficacy in relation to psychological adaptation (i.e., psychological well-being, life satisfaction) in a sample of 198 married international students. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that marital satisfaction and academic self-efficacy accounted for 45.9% of variance in psychological well-being and 25.8% of variance in life satisfaction scores. Based on the results, the differences between cognitive and emotion oriented processes during psychological adaptation were explained. The authors discuss implications for programs with international students and mental health professionals working in university campuses.

Research has shown that intrapersonal, interpersonal, and stress factors are associated with development in marital satisfaction. However, the unique contributions of early predictors and changes in these factors to the development of marital satisfaction have been overlooked. Based on data from 268 Chinese newlywed couples (M[subscript age] = 29.59, SD = 3.25 for husbands; M[subscript age] = 28.08, SD = 2.51 for wives), the current study used latent growth curve model to examine (a) the development of marital satisfaction and the unique contributions of the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and stress predictors to the developmental trajectories (i.e., the initial level and change) of marital satisfaction; (b) whether the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and stress predictors develop over time; and (c) how trajectories of these predictor domains are associated with changes in marital satisfaction. The results indicated that interpersonal variables, rather than intrapersonal or stress predictors at baseline, were associated with both the initial levels of and changes in marital satisfaction; in contrast, only the changes in the stress levels were found to be related to changes in marital satisfaction. The theoretical implications and future directions for this research are discussed.

The study examined family indicators of 170 Israeli undergraduate college student-mothers. It found that parental self-efficacy, marital satisfaction, and social support predicted wellbeing. Parental self-efficacy had a significant effect on wellbeing only for respondents who reported a high level of social support. A high level of stress correlated with low levels of parental self-efficacy and marital satisfaction. The article discusses the findings in light of student-mothers' multiple roles as well as their implications.

This study investigates the predictive effects of 5-6-year-old children's relationships with their parents and the parents' marital satisfaction on children's relationships with their peers. The study sample comprised 504 children and their parents in the 5-6 age group attending independent kindergartens in Yunusemre and Sehzadeler districts of the Manisa Province. The research is designed according to the relational model of quantitative research methods. The Child-Parent Relationship Scale, Married Life Satisfaction Scale, Ladd and Profilet's Child Behaviour Scale, and General Information Form were used for data collection. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. There was a significant relation between the 5-6-year-old children's relationships with the parents and the parents' marital satisfaction and the children's relationships with their peers. Parent-child relationships and the parents' marital satisfaction had a significant predictive effect on the children's relationships with their peers.

Helicopter parenting is a relatively new phenomenon that describes a specific kind of overparenting that is focused on the well-being and success of children that can impact young adults' general sense of life satisfaction, overall mood, and the development of necessary life skills. Using Bowen theory, the author will illustrate through a case study, how hyperattentive parenting can be conceptualized as a function of the family projection process, more specifically how triangles are used to diffuse anxiety in the parental system due to marital strife or transitions in the family life cycle. The author will use Bowen theory to highlight how one person can take responsibility for managing oneself in family relationships and work on emotional maturity in relationship to others. Finally, the author suggests that Bowen theory may be useful to college counselors who may be seeking a conceptual framework to work toward theory-based interventions for treating emerging adults.

Previous research suggests that parents of children with ASD experience greater marital conflict than parents of children with neurotypical development (NTD). This study examines how "relational uncertainty" is associated with "taking conflict personally" among parents of children with or without ASD. Parents of children with ASD (N = 298) and parents of children with NTD (N = 316) completed an online survey. They reported their relational uncertainty, recalled a conflict related to their child, and completed measures of taking conflict personally. The study provides evidence that spouses' experiences of relational uncertainty may be associated with conflict about topics related to their child. In addition, experiences of self uncertainty may have a greater impact for the parents of children with ASD than parents of children with NTD.

This research is targeted with the plan of father-child model or effective relationship mediating of spouses or investigating attachment style, personality traits, communication skills, and spouses' sexual satisfaction. Based on this, 260 people (father and child) were selected through random sampling method based on share. Participants were tested by relationship between spouses' model questionnaire, adults' attachment style, and communication skill, five factors of personality, sexual satisfaction, and father-child relationship. The relationship of attachment style, personality traits, communication skills, and sexual satisfaction of spouses or the effective relationship of spouses and father-child are clarified through performing structural equation model for test that proposed model was appropriately fitted and father-child relationship is explained and predicted through variables of attachment style, personality traits, communication skills, spouses' sexual satisfaction and mediating variable of spouses' effective relationship. A positive and significant relationship related to spouses' relationship among men accountability, compatibility and communication skills in spousal relationship and a negative and significant relationship is obtained among neuroticism and men-avoidant attachment in spousal relationship and there is also positive significant relationship related to father-child relationship among compatibility and negative significant relationship among anxiety attachment and neuroticism of father is obtained in father-child relationship. it is recommended that for improving family members' relationship, the role and effect kind of effective factors on spouses' relationship and father-child relationship be paid attention and based on proposed model a modification pattern for present defects in marital and parental context can be suggested.

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationship between Optimism, Religiosity and Self-esteem with Marital Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction in married university students. The research method was a descriptive study kind of correlation. The sample group included 200 married students that were selected using a simple random sampling method. For collecting data, Attribution Style Questionnaire, Religious Attitude, Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. The findings indicated that marital satisfaction not life satisfaction was predicted by Optimism, Religiosity and Self-esteem. Religiosity showed the greatest relationship with marital satisfaction. Based on this study, family therapists should consider the role of religious or spiritual couple's attitude as a vital factor in revealing and solving the marital conflict. Consistency and inconsistency of the results were discussed.

This study is a descriptive survey that investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution repertoire of couples in tertiary institutions. A sample of 250 married people were drawn from the population of couples in tertiary institutions in Imo State. Two researcher made and validated instruments were used in collecting data for the study. They are: Couples' Conflict Resolution Repertoire (CCRR) and Emotional Intelligence Scale for Couples (EISC). One research question was formulated to guide the study. One hypothesis was raised and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Mean, standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation were the statistical tools employed in analyzing the data collected. The result of the analysis indicated a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and couples' conflict resolution repertoire. Finally, it was recommended that couples should be given training on emotional intelligence skills as well as conflict resolution skills during their marriage preparatory classes prior to their wedding. Counsellors in tertiary institutions should occasionally organize seminars and workshops on emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills for their married staff.

This study examines the relationship between spousal support and the ability to express feelings of marital satisfaction, and the extent to which spousal support and the ability to express feelings can predict marital satisfaction. Research was conducted in accordance with general survey models. The study group comprised 195 married couples (N = 390) residing in one of the biggest cities in central Anatolia. The Marital Life Scale, Spousal Support Scale, and Emotional Expression Scale were applied to the married couples and a Personal Information Form was provided. The data analysis used the Pearson moment correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and the Kendall correlation coefficient. The results indicated that there was a relationship between all the sub-dimensions of spousal support and marital satisfaction; moreover, spousal support was found to be a significant predictor of marital satisfaction. While a significant correlation was found between marital satisfaction and the expression of proximity emotion, one of the sub-dimensions of the Emotional Expression Scale, no significant correlation was found between the expression of negative and positive emotions. In addition, according to the results of the multiple regression analysis, the expression of feelings did not predict marital satisfaction.

Employing a cohort sequential design and multilevel modeling, the direct and indirect effects (via depressed mood, emotional wellbeing, and perceived support) of received network support on marital quality were assessed over a 7-year period (child age 7-14) on 96 married or cohabiting mothers of children with ASD. Findings indicated several significant direct and indirect effects affecting change within mothers over time, with effects varying by whether the support source was a spouse or partner, family members, or friends. In addition, one moderated mediation effect was noted, with the indirect effect of received spousal support on marital quality via perceived spousal support retaining significance only at low and moderate levels of child problem behavior severity. Study strengths, limitations, and clinical implications are discussed.