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Objectives: We examined links between marital quality and loneliness among aging veterans and explored whether veterans' PTSD symptom severity moderated these associations. Methods: Data came from 269 Vietnam-Era combat veterans who had a spouse/partner (M age = 60.50). Utilizing two waves of data spanning six years, we estimated multiple regression models that included positive and negative marital quality, PTSD symptom severity, and loneliness in 2010 as predictors of loneliness in 2016. Results: Facets of positive (but not negative) marital quality were associated with veterans' loneliness. Companionship – spousal affection and understanding – was associated with lower subsequent loneliness among veterans with low/moderate – but not high – PTSD symptom severity. Conversely, sociability – the degree to which one's marriage promotes socializing with others – was associated with lower subsequent loneliness regardless of PTSD symptom severity. Conclusions: Companionship and sociability were each associated with veterans' subsequent loneliness. Whereas benefits of companionship were attenuated at higher levels of PTSD symptom severity, benefits of sociability were not. Clinical Implications: For veterans with higher PTSD symptoms, recommending mental health treatment to decrease symptom severity may help them to reap the benefits of close/intimate relationships. However, bolstering veterans' social participation more broadly may provide an additional means of reducing their loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the effectiveness of couple relationship education through mHealth in Muslim populations. We compared an intervention group (n = 127) of newlywed women who received online education with a non-intervention group (n = 135), in Iran. The curriculum was focused on raising awareness about communication and conflict resolution in marital life. Educational messages were sent twice a week over two years. The two groups did not differ in the divorce rate and marital quality ratings. The findings may suggest that marriage education programs need to be tailored to address deep cultural issues such as sacrifice and forgiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital quality factors (i.e., support and strain) are associated with hemoglobin A1C (A1C) for people with diabetes. However, how these marital factors might be linked to A1C, in combination, is unclear. This study uses Midlife in the United States Biomarker Project data to examine independent and moderated associations between marital strain and marital support and A1C for individuals with diabetes mellitus (N = 136). Marital strain and support interact in their association with A1C (B = −0.24, standard error [SE] = 0.11, p < .05). Simple slope analysis indicates marital strain is linked to higher A1C, but only in the context of low marital support (B = 0.63, SE = 0.29, p = .03). Meaning, the presence of moderate levels of marital support may buffer against the problematic association between marital strain and worse A1C. This may suggest interventions for individuals with diabetes to include marital partners, but harnessing and improving support in existing marital relationships may be an important target for future family‐based diabetes management interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we examined types of marriages among contemporary married women. The relationships between marriage types and marital quality were explored. Data were taken from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) (N=1,128). Using latent class analysis (LCA) to develop a typology of marriages, we found four types: (a) Institutional, (b) Companionate, (c) Institutional companionate, and (d) Negotiate. The marriage types of married women showed generational differences and were related to personal resources and family development stages. The findings show that the types of marriages are significantly related to both marital satisfaction and marital conflict. The Institutional companionate model of marriage, women who embraced traditional norms about marriage and gender equality of housework division enjoyed high-quality marriages. Marriages organized according to institutional norms experienced lower levels of marital quality. The results are discussed from a culture-informed perspective on marital typologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study examines a hypothetical model underlying the relationship between perceived warmth from mothers and fathers and marital quality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and a multistep path test were used to examine the hypothetical model. 482 (361 women, 121 men, Mage = 35.06 years, SD = 9.79) married individuals in Turkey participated in the study. SEM and path analyses showed a good fit for the hypothetical model of the study. Positive conflict resolution skills mediated the link between trait emotional intelligence and marital quality. Implications for researchers and practitioners for future studies on couples are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Marital quality, generally understood as a global evaluation of marriage based on certain criteria, is a significant determinant of psychological wellbeing and work efficacy among individuals, particularly among Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) facing high-stress environments and long working hours. Recently, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised loneliness as a global threat with serious negative impacts on physical and mental health, affecting diverse populations, including HCPs. Aim: To investigate marital quality among HCPs and its association with loneliness, as well as demographic variables such as age, gender and duration of marriage. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024, including 199 married HCPs practicing as doctors, nurses, or administrative staff in hospitals or clinics in Gujarat, India, based on their marital status and voluntary participation in the study. A semistructured questionnaire was used for demographic details, along with the Marital Quality Scale (MQS) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (version 3) to collect data. Cross-tabulation, Chi-square (χ²) and Pearson correlation were used to analyse the data in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0. Results: Out of the 199 participants, 120 were males (60.30%) and 79 were females (39.70%). The average age of the participants was 42.8±9.12 years. An overwhelming majority of 152 HCPs (76.4%) reported severely impacted marital quality. A strong and significant correlation was observed between marital quality and loneliness (r=0.609, p-value<0.001). A non significant correlation was observed between age and marital quality (r=0.061, p-value=0.396) and loneliness (r=-0.048, p-value=0.505). Similar results were also observed between the duration of marriage and marital quality (r=0.033, p-value=0.644) and loneliness (r=-0.023, p-value=0.747). Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions to enhance marital quality among HCPs should focus more on interpersonal and situational factors such as communication style, conflict resolution, support from the spouse, increasing empathy, sexual satisfaction and intimacy, rather than demographic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affection plays a crucial role in romantic relationships, as individuals exchange affection with each other to build and maintain relationships. This study applied affection exchange theory (AET) to examine affection exchange patterns within marital dyads, employing couple‐centered approaches. The aim was to identify different types of couple affection exchange profiles based on both partners' affection given and received. The sample consisted of 668 Chinese heterosexual couples. Additionally, this study explored the association between couple affection exchange profiles and marital quality. Through latent profile analysis, three distinct profiles were identified: reserved (47.1%), invisible (10.5%), and highly affectionate (42.4%). Further between‐profile comparisons regarding marital quality indicated that couples in the highly affectionate profile report the most satisfying marriages, whereas the invisible profile represents the least desirable outcome. The findings highlight the diverse nature of couple affection exchange and offer valuable insights for couple therapy interventions focused on affection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the relationships among fertility stress, dyadic coping and marital quality in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). Couples receiving IVF‐ET treatment at the clinic of the reproductive medicine centre of a hospital in China from February 2023 to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling. A general information questionnaire, the Infertility Fertility Stress Scale (COMP‐FPSS‐SF), the dyadic coping inventory, and the marital adjustment test were used to evaluate the results. AMOS24.0 software was used to construct an actor‐partner interdependence model that extended to mediation to analyze the relationships among couples' fertility stress, dyadic coping, and marital quality. The fertility stress level of IVF‐ET wives was significantly higher than that of their husbands (p < 0.05). Wives' levels of dyadic coping and marital quality were significantly lower than those of husbands (p < 0.05). Fertility stress, dyadic coping, and marital quality were positively correlated between IVF‐ET couples (p < 0.01). In terms of the actor effect, the fertility stress of IVF‐ET couples had a significant impact on their marital quality through their dyadic coping (β = −0.188, p < 0.05; β = −0.109, p < 0.05). In terms of partner effects, wives' fertility stress significantly affected their husbands' marital quality through their own or their husbands' dyadic coping (β = −0.055, p < 0.01; β = 0.157, p < 0.01). Dyadic coping mediates the relationship between fertility stress and marital quality in IVF‐ET couples. Nurses can use husbands and wives as central individuals and dyadic coping as the starting point to formulate intervention measures to reduce fertility stress and improve marital quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to establish trajectories of later-life marital quality and assess predictors of trajectory membership. Although numerous studies examine marital quality across the early years of marriage, much less is known about older adults' trajectories. Existing studies assess average patterns of stability or decline over the life course but have not explored the possibility of multiple trajectories during later life. This study uses nationally-representative data from the 2008–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (https://www.hrs.isr.umich.edu). Latent growth mixture models are estimated to identify unique trajectories of positive and negative dimensions of marital quality over an eight-year time period among a sample of adults aged 51 to 97 (n = 4,467). Results show two distinct patterns of marital quality during later life: (1) high, slightly increasing positive marital quality with low, slightly declining negative marital quality; and (2) moderate, sharply declining positive marital quality with moderate, stable negative marital quality. Significant predictors of trajectory membership include gender, household income, marital duration, remarriage, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. Rather than patterns of stability or continual decline in marital quality over the later life course, we find the most common trajectory during later life is slight improvement. Only about 12% of older adults experience decline, and that decline is limited to the dimension of positive marital quality, with no uptick in negative marital quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between kin-based institutions and quality of government in the regions of Spain, France, and Italy. The results show that the rate of cousin marriage during the twentieth century is a strong predictor of the modern-day quality of government in the regions of these three countries. Regions characterized by a higher prevalence of cousin marriage tend to have on average worse governance outcomes. This finding holds after accounting for country fixed effects and different variables that may be correlated with both consanguinity and regional quality of government, including an extensive array of geographical, historical, and contemporary factors. The observed association between cousin marriage and quality of government persists when I utilize an instrumental variable approach that exploits regional variation in the degree of historical exposure to the marriage laws of the medieval Catholic Church to address potential endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, the paper also provides evidence consistent with the idea that the effect of cousin marriage on the quality of government operates through its impact on a series of cultural traits such as impersonal trust, fairness, and conformity-obedience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational hypogamy—the practice of men marrying women who are more educated than themselves—has been increasing in rural India over the last two decades. Can this explain rural India's declining female labor force participation rate (FLFPR)? We examine this question by testing whether women in hypogamous marriages are less likely to participate in the labor force than women in non-hypogamous marriages in rural India. This could be the case since women in hypogamous marriages are viewed as 'gender norm deviant' which is likely to cause their marriage quality to be worse than that of women in non-hypogamous marriages. This might make participation in labor force costlier for the former than the latter. To estimate the causal relationship between hypogamy and women's labor force participation, we employ a nonparametric bounds approach. We find that, indeed, compared to women in non-hypogamous marriages, women in hypogamous marriages are significantly less likely to participate in the labor force. Further, we provide suggestive evidence that this is likely because marriage quality of women in hypogamous marriages is relatively worse. Overall, therefore, our results suggest the rise in hypogamy is likely an important reason for the decline in FLFPR in rural India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Family Sciences is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on polygyny have been limited to socio-economic factors. The psychosocial aspects involved in the trend of having more than one wife were not studied earlier. The current study explored the role of love, sex, respect, and physical attractiveness in the marital satisfaction of polygynous husbands, monogamous husbands, and monogamous wives. A total of 611 participants from diverse cities in Pakistan took part in the study, comprising 57 polygynous husbands, 57 first wives of polygynous husbands, 57 second wives of polygynous husbands, 220 monogamous husbands, and 220 monogamous wives. Sukoon Marital Life Analysis scale was used to gather data. The results indicated a significant elevation in marital satisfaction among polygynous husbands with their second wives compared to the satisfaction levels of monogamous husbands. Additionally, second wives demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction with their husbands when compared to their first wives. These findings lead to the conclusion that second marriages exhibit notably higher levels of marital satisfaction for both polygynous husbands and their second wives in contrast to the satisfaction reported by monogamous husbands and wives. This study contributes valuable insights into the psychosocial dynamics of polygynous relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the swift advancements in China's education system and society, preschool children's social–emotional competence is becoming increasingly important for adapting to complicated situations. While research shows parental marital quality as a key factor, studies on its specific mechanisms within the Chinese context are limited. Grounded in the framework of family systems theory and incorporating perspectives from the spillover hypothesis, emotional security theory, and attachment theory, this research explores how parental marital quality influences preschool children's social–emotional competence, emphasizing the mediating roles of parent–child and sibling relationships in China. This study examined 227 preschool children (124 boys and 103 girls) from two‐child families in six kindergartens across China as research participants. Mother reports on the quality of marital, sibling, and parent–child relationships were collected cross‐sectionally to assess the direct and indirect effects on children's social–emotional competence using path models. Results show that parental marital quality positively influences preschool children's social–emotional competence. Additionally, parent–child and sibling relationships not only serve as independent mediators but also create a chain mediating effect. This finding emphasizes the importance of parental marital quality in shaping preschool children's social–emotional competence. It underscores the necessity of nurturing healthy parent–child and sibling interactions via family education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W) is an international 4-factors tool assessing qualitative and quantitative aspects of sexual experiences in women, both in clinical and experimental settings. The present research aims at validating an Italian version of the BISF-W, to develop a BISF version for men (BISF-M) to fill the gap in the existing sexual function evaluation tools in Italy and to analyze gender and age groups differences in the BISF factors. Methods: The research included 6,355 women, aged from 18 to 65 (M = 34.94, SD = 10.52) and 2,207 men, aged from 18 to 80 (M = 38.25, SD = 13.67), who completed the BISF-W and BISF-M. The Quality of Marriage Index (QMI) was administrated to both samples for testing divergent validity, while Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were administered for testing convergent validity. Correlation analysis, MANOVA between gender and age and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted. Results: The CFAs confirmed that the proposed 4-factor model (Dyadic, Solitaire and Anal Sexuality, and Sexual Difficulties) is suitable both for the BISF-W and the BISF-M, demonstrated strong psychometric properties for assessing sexual functioning in both genders, with dyadic sexuality being the most important factor. MANOVA analysis showed significative differences in the factors' scores, according to gender and age. Discussion: The BISF-W and the BISF-M are promising tools to address sexual functioning in individuals and couples, both in clinical and non-clinical settings. Gender and age differences are discussed regarding the potential use of BISF in the therapeutic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionAmbivalent feelings in a partner relationship, characterized by simultaneous positive and negative emotional experiences, can significantly influence individuals’ mental health. Traditionally measured indirectly, this study introduces the Partner Ambivalence Scale (PAS), developed for directly capturing the complexity of ambivalent emotions. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the PAS, and assess the effects of ambivalent feelings on partner relationship quality and depressive symptomatology.390 individuals (60% women), 40 years or older (M = 60.88, SD = 10.7), and in a partner relationship, participated. Data collected included ambivalent feelings in couples, marital satisfaction, frequency of arguments, and depressive symptoms.The exploratory factor analysis of the PAS yielded a one factor structure explaining 59% of the variance of ambivalent feelings. Higher ambivalent feelings were associated with lower marital satisfaction, higher frequency of disagreements, and higher depressive symptoms. Even when controlling for covariates, ambivalent feelings contributed significantly to the explanation of depress on.The PAS demonstrates good psychometric properties, making it suitable for use with middle-aged and older adults. Ambivalent feelings toward the partner are significant for understanding partner relationship quality and mental health and may increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms during middle and older age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of cardiometabolic morbidity (e.g., high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, type 2 diabetes) and multimorbidity development (2 or more cardiometabolic morbidities) are rapidly growing in the US. Cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity are linked to poor well‐being outcomes, high healthcare costs, and mortality. There is little known about cardiometabolic multimorbidity health disparities, particularly regarding mutable factors that might be targeted in future health interventions. In the present study, using a biopsychosocial framework (Biobehavioral Family Model), we examine whether cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity development are linked to premorbid family and marital relationships and if it differs depending on socioeconomic status (i.e., educational attainment) using three waves of Midlife in the US (N = 4951). We assessed cardiometabolic development with three conceptualizations: number of cardiometabolic morbidities (i.e., count variable), individual cardiometabolic morbidities (i.e., diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack), and severity of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (e.g., 3+ vs. zero morbidities). Family strain increased the number of cardiometabolic morbidities (OR = 1.17) and the severity of multimorbidity (e.g., 3+ morbidities: OR = 1.38). People with a high school education experienced family support as a buffer to the negative health impact of education level. Generally, marital quality appeared less impactful on cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity development compared to family strain. Positive and negative family characteristics appear to function differently across educational attainment. These findings indicate that adults’ non‐intimate family relationships predict important outcomes such as diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity and should be considered targets for preventative health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated familial attachment‐based processes in middle childhood, using 788 families (50.6% boys; 84.4% White), assessed six times from 4.5 years old to Grade 6. An adapted Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model revealed between‐family associations among couple emotional intimacy, relationships with both parents, and child social skills (β =.18–.66). Within‐family increases in child assertion and self‐control prospectively predicted relationships with parents (βs =.13), and parent–child relationships predicted various child social skills (βs =.13–.17). Couple emotional intimacy predicted child cooperation, assertion, and responsibility (βs =.12–.24) and father–child relationships in Grade 6 (βs =.20–22) at the within‐family level. Findings underscore a systemic consideration of attachment‐based processes in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Regarding the psychosocial aspect of treating those with substance use, it is crucial for them to exhibit a capacity for personal transformation, fully utilize their remaining capabilities, and eradicate societal discrimination. We aimed to assess the efficacy of educational instruction grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in enhancing adherence to medication regimens, fostering hope, and improving marital quality among people with substance use disorders. Methods This study was conducted at the Rapid Addiction Closure Center in Fasa city, Iran, involving a sample of 140 patients undergoing addiction treatment with methadone and buprenorphine in 2021–2022. Subjects were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in 15 weekly educational sessions, each lasting 50 to 55 min, covering topics such as quitting strategies, social support, problem solving, communication skills, and coping mechanisms. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, TPB construct questionnaires, Miller’s Hope Survey, and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results The study included 140 individuals receiving treatment for addiction. No differences were seen among the two groups in education, occupation, marital status, and living conditions before the intervention. However, six months later, the intervention group showed improvements in attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, medication regimen adherence, hope, and marital quality compared to controls. Conclusion The results indicate that family-based educational interventions grounded in TPB are effective in improving medication regimen adherence, hope, and marital quality among patients with substance use disorders. Significant increases in attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention positively impacted medication regimen adherence in these patients.

Background: Nursing, as a demanding and stressful profession, can negatively impact the marital quality of nursing students. This study investigates the mediating role of marital commitment in the relationship between interpersonal forgiveness, alexithymia, and marital quality in nursing students in Ahvaz City, Iran. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. A sample of 204 nursing students was selected using a convenience sampling method in the academic year 2022-2023. The subjects completed the interpersonal forgiveness measurement questionnaire (IFMQ), Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS), and dimensions of commitment inventory (DCI). Also, the revised dyadic adjustment scale (RDAS) was used to measure marital quality among the subjects. The proposed model was evaluated using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The bootstrap test was employed to examine the indirect relationships. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 27 for preliminary exploration and AMOS software, version 24.0 for SEM analysis. The threshold for statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Results: Interpersonal forgiveness was significantly and positively correlated with marital quality and marital commitment in nursing students (P

Abstract Purpose Child marriage remains a significant socio-cultural phenomenon with profound implications for the quality of marital relationships, particularly among young women. This study investigates the association between child marriage and the quality of marriage among young married women in Iran. Methods This study employed a population-based cross-sectional research design. A total of 70 young women, aged 18–20 years, who had married before reaching 18 years of age, were selected from four primary health care (PHC) centers in Papi District, Lorestan Province, Iran, employing a systematic random sampling approach. Subjects were categorized into women experiencing relationship distress and those without such distress using the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI). Concurrently, their level of sexual satisfaction was assessed utilizing the Hudson’s Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Furthermore, Social Support was evaluated using the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). Results The mean age (SD) of women was 18.9 (0.7) years, and their mean age (SD) of marriage was 15.2 (2.1) years. Women experiencing distress showed significant differences in age of menarche (P = 0.006), education levels (P = 0.039), spouses’ education (P = 0.025), spouses’ occupations (P = 0.004), household income satisfaction (P = 0.041), and household structure (P = 0.045). Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis revealed significant and positive correlations between sexual self-efficacy and social support with marital quality (r = 0.73, p

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the differences in psychological flexibility, psychological capital and the perception of marital quality between parents of children with and without autism and to examine whether psychological capital could serve as a moderator of the association between psychological flexibility and the perception of marital quality. One‐hundred fifty parents of children with autism and 192 parents of children without autism completed an online survey. Parents of children with autism had lower psychological flexibility and psychological capital than the comparison group. The levels of psychological flexibility and psychological capital were also found to be significantly and positively correlated with the perception of marital quality of parents in both groups. Amongst parents of children with autism, hope significantly moderated the association between psychological flexibility and the perception of marriage quality. Hope buffers the relationship between psychological flexibility and the perception of marital quality amongst parents of children with autism. Designing unique, specific and tailored therapeutic interventions for parents of children with autism is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores whether marital quality mediates the effects of a parenting intervention on preschoolers' conduct problems and effortful control. Using data from 209 children in a two‐wave randomized controlled trial of the Hitkashrut program, participants were assigned to either a 14‐session co‐parent training group or a minimal intervention control group. Intent‐to‐treat analysis revealed that improvements in marital quality significantly mediated the intervention's impact on both conduct problems and effortful control. An alternative model, which hypothesized that changes in child behavior would lead to improvements in marital quality, was not supported, reinforcing the importance of targeting marital dynamics to achieve better child outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of marital‐focused strategies within parenting interventions to foster healthier family environments and improve long‐term developmental trajectories in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asserting the value of care work within a family is not only a significant issue that affects the quality of marital life, but it also lays the groundwork for supporting the sustainable development of society and, ultimately, the country. Constantly, the theory of surplus value is employed to help understand the value of care work. However, it still lacks a macro-construction from a gender perspective. This article analyzes 15 judicial cases after introducing the Civil Code and compares the condition of application, the amount, and the factor considered in recognition of care work compensation under Chinese law. It concludes that in practice, the amount of compensation for care work remains relatively modest, with the division of the community property division heavily influencing it. At the macro level, the recognition of the economic value of the care work compensation must be emphasized from a gender construction. In contrast, at the micro level, a balance must be struck between the possibility of the other spouse benefiting from "the opportunity cost." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of a telehealth Marriage Checkup on improvement of marital quality among 98 newly married couples. We assigned couples to either an intervention) telehealth Marriage Checkup program (or a control group.The participants completed the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI), and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. The telehealth Marriage Checkup significantly increased marital satisfaction and this effect persisted at the three-month follow-up. Our study demonstrates the importance of early preventive interventions for enhancing and maintaining marital satisfaction in the initial stages of marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present longitudinal study investigates the development of both positive and negative personal traits (i.e., self-esteem and neuroticism, respectively) among newlywed couples. The aim is to identify distinct joint trajectories of self-esteem and neuroticism and then compare marital quality across different trajectory classes. A sample of 268 Chinese newlyweds completed self-esteem, neuroticism, and marital quality questionnaires at three time points. Dyadic Latent Class Growth Analyses were used to examine the joint trajectory of self-esteem and neuroticism. The study identified three trajectory groups: the adaptive couples group (c1), the stable couples and husbands more adaptive than wives group (c2), and the stable husbands and wives more adaptive than husbands group (c3). The adaptive couples group had the highest level of initial marital quality. The two other groups, characterized by initial differences between partners in self-esteem and neuroticism, had relatively lower baseline marital quality. In comparison, wives in the c3 group initially displayed higher levels of marital quality than those in the c2 group. This research improves our understanding of personal development in couples and sheds light on the complex associations between personal and relational development in the context of marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined co-rumination among married men and women and its influence on their reports of marital quality and depressive symptoms. Data were collected online through social media from 78 married men and 78 married women resulting in a total sample of 156 individuals residing in urban centers in Pakistan. Each participant had been married for at least one year, was at least 18 years old, and lived with their marital partner at the time of the survey. Although the results from multiple regression analyses revealed an increase in co-rumination was related to a decrease in the levels of depression, the moderating effect of the sex of participants indicated that the negative relationship between co-rumination and depression was only significant for married women. Furthermore, co-rumination was positively associated with marital relationship satisfaction. The findings suggest that that co-rumination with one's spouse has implications for improved mental health and marital satisfaction among married men and women in Pakistani families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Društvena Istraživanja is the property of Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In this research, we examine perceptions of couple relationships and intimacy among older couples when one partner is diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), based on ambiguous loss theory. Background: Many studies have examined couples with one partner affected by dementia, yet few have explored intimacy when the affected partner is diagnosed with MCI. Method: A qualitative‐phenomenological approach in which data were collected through in‐depth, semistructured, face‐to‐face interviews with 16 men and women aged 67–90. Results: The nondiagnosed partners live in the present while acknowledging the changes caused by aging and the diagnosis. In contrast, the diagnosed partners tend to live in the past. In line with ambiguous loss theory, the nondiagnosed partners reported that their diagnosed spouses are physically present yet many aspects of their personalities are partially absent. Conclusion: The findings reveal two patterns of coping with the consequences of loss. Understanding these relationships offers insights into how to care for individuals with MCI. Implications: The results highlight that individuals with MCI and their partners do not invariably constitute a homogenous group, necessitating a critical appraisal of partners' roles and expectations before initiating therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing, as a demanding and stressful profession, can negatively impact the marital quality of nursing students. This study investigates the mediating role of marital commitment in the relationship between interpersonal forgiveness, alexithymia, and marital quality in nursing students in Ahvaz City, Iran. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. A sample of 204 nursing students was selected using a convenience sampling method in the academic year 2022-2023. The subjects completed the interpersonal forgiveness measurement questionnaire (IFMQ), Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS), and dimensions of commitment inventory (DCI). Also, the revised dyadic adjustment scale (RDAS) was used to measure marital quality among the subjects. The proposed model was evaluated using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The bootstrap test was employed to examine the indirect relationships. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 27 for preliminary exploration and AMOS software, version 24.0 for SEM analysis. The threshold for statistical significance was set at a=0.05. Results: Interpersonal forgiveness was significantly and positively correlated with marital quality and marital commitment in nursing students (P<0.001). Additionally, marital commitment positively and significantly correlated with marital quality (P<0.001). Alexithymia had a negative and significant correlation with marital commitment in nursing students (P<0.001) but did not show a significant correlation with marital quality. The indirect path from interpersonal forgiveness to marital quality through the mediating role of marital commitment was significant (P<0.001). Similarly, the indirect path from alexithymia to marital quality through the mediating role of marital commitment was also significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Fostering forgiveness and open communication, which strengthens marital commitment, is paramount for promoting marital quality among nursing students. These findings provide valuable insights for relationship education programs and interventions tailored to this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, the concept of dyadic coping as a buffer against stress in romantic relationships has received much attention in Western countries, but it has rarely been studied in non-Western countries and among parents with school-aged children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of dyadic coping on the link between financial strain and marital satisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of marital satisfaction on the relationship between financial strain and quality of life. There were 751 heterosexual couples whose eldest child aged 7-12 years in West Java, Indonesia (mean age husband = 37.53 SD = 5.09; mean age wife = 34.42 SD = 4.85) fulfilled the paper and pencil questionnaires in the study. The moderated mediated model illustrated that (1) greater levels of dyadic coping weakened the negative association between financial strain and marital satisfaction for husbands and for wives (2) for both husbands and wives, there were no mediation effect (3) for both husbands and wives, financial strain was negatively associated with quality of life; and marital satisfaction was positively associated with quality of life. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: End‐stage renal disease is different from other chronic diseases that the treatment method is as difficult. Our aim in this study was to compare marital adjustment, sexual functions and family functioning between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient. Method: A total of 21 HD and 27 PD patients were included. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Golombok‐Rust Inventory for Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were applied. Results: BDI scores were significantly higher in HD patients (p < 0.001). According to FAD problem solving (p < 0.001), communication (p = 0.00) and general functioning scores (p = 0.04) were higher in PD. The rate of poor sleep quality was 44.4% in the PD group, and 66.7% in HD group (p = 0.12). General health (p = 0.04), vitality (p < 0.001), mental health (p = 0.00) and social functioning (p = 0.00) scores were lower in HD patients. Conclusion: HD patients are at high risk for psychiatric disorders due to the treatment modality. These patients should be monitored carefully and consultation‐liaison services should be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional intimacy is considered a fundamental factor contributing to the quality of marital relationships. However, marital strain can often limit intimacy. Thus, our first objective was to explore the intricate interplay between spouses' sense of intimacy and the levels of marital strain experienced by both themselves and their partners. In addition, the way partners respond to the challenges posed by marital strain can be pivotal in shaping the overall dynamics. Therefore, our second objective was to investigate whether and how the empathy exhibited by partners can protect the couple from the potential adverse effects of marital strain on emotional intimacy within the relationship. 96 midlife and older heterosexual couples reported on their sense of marital strain, emotional intimacy, and their level of empathy. We used Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to analyze the results. Negative associations were found between marital strain and emotional intimacy for both men and women. Men's empathy moderated the relationship between women's strain and intimacy, but women's empathy did not moderate the association between men's strain and intimacy. Assessing both spouses' strain is essential for understanding marital intimacy. Men's empathy can have a meaningful role in mitigating the experienced strain on marital outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a sample of 120 Mexican immigrant couples, this study tested an estimated actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) to examine the associations between spouses' perceptions of marital quality (i.e., marital warmth and marital negativity), spousal incongruence in familism values, and spouses' coparenting satisfaction. The model simultaneously explored the moderating effects of spouses' incongruence in familism values to ascertain the extent to which the within-couple match between spouses' cultural values impacted the association between spouses' marital quality and coparenting satisfaction. Significant and positive actor effects from marital warmth to coparenting satisfaction were found. A significant interaction qualified the actor effect for wives. Spouses' incongruence in familism values moderated the association between wives' marital warmth and their coparenting satisfaction in such a way that the link was stronger for couples with low spousal incongruence in familism values (i.e., couples in which spouses were in close agreement on familism values). Marital negativity and incongruence in familism values were not significantly related to spouses' coparenting satisfaction. Findings underscore the link between spouses' marital warmth and their coparenting satisfaction and suggest that effective coparenting is nested within the context of a warm and supportive marital relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Marital status is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and overall mortality, yet limited research on this topic in elderly individuals is available. Our aim was to comprehensively assess the impact of marital status and other family factors on CVD incidence and long-term mortality among elderly people. Methods Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2002/2005/2008–2018) for participants aged ≥60 years were analysed. A cross-sectional study initially examined the correlation between spouses, offspring, living arrangements, and CVD using logistic regression. Subsequently, a retrospective cohort study investigated the long-term associations of these factors with overall mortality via Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results The study involved 48 510 subjects (average age: 87 years). The cross-sectional analysis revealed a correlation between living with a spouse and an increased incidence of heart disease (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.55) and cerebrovascular disease/stroke (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.42). According to the retrospective cohort analysis, living with a spouse significantly reduced overall mortality (adjusted HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.80–0.87), irrespective of marital relationship quality. Conversely, living with offspring (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.16), having more children (adjusted Pnonlinearity = 0.427) or cohabitants (adjusted Pnonlinearity < 0.0001) were associated with increased overall mortality. Conclusion In the elderly population, being married and living with a spouse were not significantly associated with a decrease in CVD incidence but were associated with a reduction in long-term overall mortality. Living with offspring, having more children, or having a larger family size did not replicate the protective effect but indicated greater overall mortality. Key message What is already known on this topic Being married is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and overall mortality in the general population. What this study adds Among the elderly, living with a spouse was associated with lower long-term mortality rates but not with the occurrence of CVD. Conversely, living with offspring, having more children, or a larger family size did not provide the same protective effect and instead indicated higher overall mortality. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy Cohabiting with a spouse might contribute to extending the lifespan of elderly people. For widowed or divorced elderly individuals, remarriage could be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment influences adult physical health through cascading effects over the life course and it is critical to identify intervening processes. Marital quality has significant implications for adult physical health via cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways and may be a viable pathway. Given that cardiometabolic biomarkers are associated with the leading causes of death in the United States, the current study longitudinally investigated marital quality, health locus of control, and eating habits in a serial mediation model linking childhood maltreatment to high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Using a sample of 352 adults from the study of Midlife Development in the United States, we used three waves of data to test our hypotheses. Results of structural equation models indicate that although all the hypothesized direct effects were statistically significant, the serial indirect effects were non-significant. Childhood maltreatment was associated with a lower quality marriage, marital quality was associated with higher levels of health locus of control which, in turn, was associated with healthier eating habits. Finally, healthier eating habits were associated with greater HDL, but not lower LDL. Additionally, marital quality exerted a direct effect on LDL and mediated the relationship between maltreatment and LDL, but not HDL. For researchers, marital quality appears to be a mechanism linking childhood maltreatment to cardiometabolic biomarkers, yet health locus of control and eating habits do not appear to have strong effects. For clinicians, strengthening the couple relationship among survivors of maltreatment appears to have health promotive effects over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Prior scholarship has highlighted the importance of marriage for cognition. However, little research has considered how cognition-related concerns may impact marriage. In this study, researchers examine how aging couples view each other's memory and worry about their potential development of dementia in the future. Additionally, researchers investigate whether these cognition-related concerns may strain marriage, and how these dynamics differ for men and women in same- and different-sex marriages. Methods Researchers used 2 waves of dyadic data from the Health and Relationships Project (HARP; 2015–2022), including 594 respondents from 297 same- and different-sex married couples (aged 41–71 at Time 2). Researchers employed the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to explore associations between actor and partner reports of memory and dementia worry with marital strain. Results Men and women in same- and different-sex marriages were equally likely to report worries about their own potential development of dementia. However, women reported more concerns about their spouse developing dementia in the future than men did, regardless of whether they were married to a man or a woman. Both partners' reports of memory and dementia worry played a complex role in influencing marital strain, with variations observed across couple types. Discussion Concerns about cognitive decline and dementia are common in older populations, and for married couples, spouses have concerns about their own memory as well as that of their partner. Researchers finding identified the significance of concerns about a spouse's memory on marital dynamics among aging couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Child marriage remains a significant socio-cultural phenomenon with profound implications for the quality of marital relationships, particularly among young women. This study investigates the association between child marriage and the quality of marriage among young married women in Iran. Methods: This study employed a population-based cross-sectional research design. A total of 70 young women, aged 18–20 years, who had married before reaching 18 years of age, were selected from four primary health care (PHC) centers in Papi District, Lorestan Province, Iran, employing a systematic random sampling approach. Subjects were categorized into women experiencing relationship distress and those without such distress using the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI). Concurrently, their level of sexual satisfaction was assessed utilizing the Hudson's Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Furthermore, Social Support was evaluated using the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). Results: The mean age (SD) of women was 18.9 (0.7) years, and their mean age (SD) of marriage was 15.2 (2.1) years. Women experiencing distress showed significant differences in age of menarche (P = 0.006), education levels (P = 0.039), spouses' education (P = 0.025), spouses' occupations (P = 0.004), household income satisfaction (P = 0.041), and household structure (P = 0.045). Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis revealed significant and positive correlations between sexual self-efficacy and social support with marital quality (r = 0.73, p < 0.001 and r = 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, there was a significant negative correlation between the score of indexes of sexual satisfaction and marital quality (r = -0.65, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings emphasize the complex factors affecting marital quality and underscore the urgent need for interventions to support young women in early marriages. It is essential to reinforce policies aimed at reducing child marriage to improve the quality of marriage among young married women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines the association between marital satisfaction and cognitive function, while distinguishing between the effects of improving and declining marital satisfaction. Moreover, potential differences in these asymmetric effects of marital satisfaction between middle‐aged and older adults are explored. Background: Marital satisfaction is known to promote cognitive function. However, previous studies have assumed that the effects of improving and declining marital satisfaction are symmetrical. Method: Using seven waves of data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 2006–2018 (N = 7407), we employ a novel asymmetric fixed effects model to estimate the effects of improving and declining marital satisfaction separately. Stratified analyses were conducted by age group and gender. Results: The association between declining marital satisfaction and cognitive function (b = −0.292, p <.001) was stronger than the association between improving marital satisfaction and cognitive function (b = 0.102, p <.001). These asymmetric effects were predominantly driven by older adults. The effect of declining marital satisfaction on cognitive function was significantly greater for older adults than middle‐aged adults (−0.395 vs. −0.148). We did not find gender differences. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the negative impact of declining marital satisfaction on cognitive function outweighs the positive effects of improving marital satisfaction, especially among older adults. Reducing marital dissatisfaction and fostering healthy marital relationships are crucial strategies to promote the cognitive well‐being of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Advisory Board for Marriage Development and Preservation (BP4) is a community institution that seeks to reduce the divorce rate and improve the quality of marriage through various programs and activities aimed at maintaining and strengthening marriage bonds. This study aims to discuss the role of BP4 in implementing Article 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on the high divorce rate in Indonesia and the obstacles faced by BP4. The research method used in this study is an analytical descriptive approach with a normative juridical approach. The research contributes by analyzing the role and the challenges faced by this institution in enforcing this law, providing insights into the effectiveness of current efforts and suggesting potential improvements to better manage and reduce divorce rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate how fathers’ individual characteristics and the quality of their marital relationships influence co-parenting. Previous research on fathers’ perceptions of coparenting has been relatively under-explored. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the direct impact of fathers’ family-of-origin experiences on co-parenting and to examine the indirect effects mediated by marital conflict and fathers’ psychological well-being. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 250 fathers with preschool-aged children (aged 3 to 5). Fathers completed comprehensive questionnaires assessing their family-of-origin experiences, levels of marital conflict, psychological well-being, and perceptions of co-parenting. Results: The findings revealed several significant relationships. Firstly, fathers’ family-of-origin experiences had a notable direct impact on co-parenting. Secondly, these experiences indirectly influenced co-parenting through the pathway of marital conflict. Thirdly, fathers’ family-of-origin experiences indirectly affected coparenting through their psychological well-being. Additionally, fathers’ family-of-origin experiences had an indirect impact on co-parenting through sequential pathways involving marital conflict and psychological well-being. Specifically, stronger positive experiences from fathers' family-of-origin were associated with reduced levels of perceived marital conflict, leading to enhanced psychological well-being and more positive perceptions of co-parenting. Conclusion: This study enhances our understanding of the factors influencing co-parenting from the perspective of fathers. The results highlight the importance of interventions aimed at improving fathers’ perceptions of co-parenting, emphasizing reflection on family-of-origin experiences, resolution of marital conflicts, and enhancement of psychological well-being through targeted interventions. By addressing these areas, interventions may effectively promote positive co-parenting dynamics within families and contribute to overall family well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Marital quality (MQ) is a psychosocial factor that has been neglected in cardiovascular prevention guidelines, although its association with cardiovascular diseases has been identified in several studies. Therefore, we aim to investigate how MQ either in positive or negative dimensions affect different cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Recent Findings: We systematically searched different databases in September 2023 for longitudinal studies conducted to assess the contribution of MQ to well-established cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Two independent researchers screened studies and carried out data extraction and quality assessment of included ones. From 12,175 potential studies screened, 40 were included. The presence of significant heterogeneity in methodology, follow-up, and subsequent effect estimates made it unfeasible to do a meta-analysis. Despite the variation, most studies found a significant association of negative MQ measures with physical inactivity (2/2), high levels of smoking (4/5) and alcohol (3/3) use, increased metabolic syndrome risk (3/3), elevated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and poor T2DM management (3/6), elevated cardiovascular disease risk and progression (9/11), increased body weight and obesity risk (2/3), elevated blood pressure and hypertension risk (7/8). Positive MQ measures were mainly associated with improvement in blood pressure control (2/2), reduced T2DM risk and its good management (1/1), reduced body weight and obesity risk (2/2), and increased survival in cardiovascular diseases (4/4). Summary: Based on current evidence, MQ seems to play a crucial role in developing established cardiovascular risk factors and diseases and is worth considering in preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Deciding to have children is based on the shared decision-making of the couples and their attitudes towards this issue. Several factors, including marital quality, can affect the couples’ attitudes towards having children. This study aims to determine the relationship between marital quality and the attitudes towards childbearing and fertility in married women from Kashan, Iran. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 married women aged 15-49 who referred to selected comprehensive health centers in Kashan city, Iran, in 2021, who were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tools were a sociodemographic form and the Persian versions of the revised dyadic adjustment scale (RDAS) and the attitudes toward fertility and childbearing scale (AFCS). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and Pearson’s correlation test, t-test, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data in SPSS software, version 16. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The mean age of women was 29.97±6.48 years. Their mean AFCS and RDAS scores were 71.64±15.33 and 50.52±10.94, respectively; both were above average. Also, there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the AFCS and RDAS scores and their domains (P=0.001), except for the dimension “fertility requires the fulfillment of prerequisites”. Conclusion The increase in marital quality can improve the attitude of couples towards childbearing and fertility.

The present study aimed to translate and validate the Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS) in Pakistani Married Couples. Forward-Backward Method was applied for translations into Urdu to establish conceptual equivalence and cultural relevance. A sample of 300 married couples was collected for construct validation of RPCS established through Confirmatory Factor Analysis with SEM with the confirmed factors of Compromise, Domination, Submission, Separation, Avoidance, and Interactional Reactivity (total of 37 items, 2 items were deleted). All subscales showed good internal consistency and composite reliabilities. Moreover, testing for measurement invariances across husbands and wives further confirmed the factor structure for dimensions of RPCS. Finally, further associations revealed that constructive conflict strategies of Compromise and Avoidance were positively associated with positive relational variables such as internal marital locus of control, constructive communication, marital quality, and intimacy, but were negatively correlated with demand-withdraw patterns, associations for destructive conflict strategies of Interactional Reactivity and Domination with these relational variables were revealed contrary to the constructive strategies. The present study revealed Separation and Submission as mixed strategies as they were positively associated with majority of positive and negative relational variables. Additional findings in case of demographic variables and implications for future research are discussed.

AbstractObjectiveMethods and measuresResultsConclusionA person’s marital satisfaction is a strong predictor of their own mental health outcomes. However, marital satisfaction results from both spouses’ experiences, so a partner’s marital satisfaction also affects his or her mental health outcomes. This study adopted the actor-partner interdependence model approach (APIM) to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction and sense of defeat in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) couples.In this cross-sectional study, 181 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment were recruited using the Marital Satisfaction Scale of the ENRICH Marital Quality Questionnaire and Defeat Scale. Through APIM and Pearson analysis, the path relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat was analyzed.The varying degrees of defeat in IVF-ET couples, are closely related to actors’ and partners’ marital satisfaction. In terms of actor effects, the Marital Satisfaction of both husbands (β = −0.71, p < 0.001) and wives (β = −0.46, p = 0.001) have a significant effect on individual Defeat. With regard to partner effects, husbands’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.23, p = 0.038) has a significant impact on wives’ Defeat and the wives’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.45, p = −0.005) has a significant impact on husbands’ Defeat.IVF-ET couples must be looked at as a whole, and it is critical to include couples and not just men or women when studying infertility. The importance of their interaction is essential to improve the psychosocial adaptation of infertile couples in IVF-ET treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malang has become the city that reached the highest rate of early marriage in the Province of East Java. Many data had stated that Malang remained on the first rank for two years straight which is 2021 until 2022. This issue became the main cause of students dropping out of school and hampered in achieving higher education. Some of the factors that cause early marriage to remain unresolved are society's distorted perception of early marriage. Due to this issue, this study aimed to observe how (research output) can reduce the rate of early marriage especially in Malang. To acknowledge the problem, this study uses literature review and qualitative methods for data processing. Sources of this literature review are extracted from various journals that come from trusted sources. Based on the research results, it can be sensed that the influence of early marriage has a negative impact on educational attainment of adolescents especially on women. Due to high number of early marriages in Malang and the impact on educational attainment of female adolescents, this research resulting in social media campaign to educate adolescents about how early marriage impacts quality education. Therefore, it is hoped that this Instagram Platform Based Campaign will help to spread awareness among adolescents about how early marriage impacts their education and life goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]