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The European Union is currently facing unprecedented environmental, climate and sustainability challenges, so a better environmental policy represents an overview that the European Union must consider in order to achieve a sustainable ecological transition for its citizens. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the article exhaustively addresses the European Union legislation, specialized literature, the political guidelines adopted within the Presidency of the Council of the European Union between 2021-2022, but also the implementation and current perspectives of environmental measures in Romania. The purpose of this article st o analyse the latest measures in environmental policy, by referring to situations of non-fulfilment of obligations by the member states, respectively Romania, which determine actions of the European Union enacted by the European Commission. In order to achieve this objective, an analysis of the regulations relating to environmental policy was the main resource, having as a guide the scope of the European Commission's decisions towards Romania and its effects, qualitative and quantitative methods being used in this respect. Finally, the article proposes some recommendations at the national and European level for the preparation of a better implementation of the environmental policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities play a fundamental role when it comes to professional life and for this purpose, they focus on innovative forms of pedagogy that stimulate the development of students' skills and their greater adaptability to the requirements of the labour market. The present paper is triggered by the importance and need to address the Service Based Learning (SBL) method in the field of administrative sciences as a link between student-centred pedagogies, promoting students' social responsibility and improving their insertion on the labour market specifically for the Romanian public administration that has the duty to satisfy the general interest established by law, by reporting on the impact of adopting a Government Decision which approved the operating of preuniversity education units with pilot-status, experimental and application units. The paper highlights the fact that the institutionalization of the SBL method is necessary, being a present-day and appropriate approach as future generations of students seem to be favouring the experimental and applicative aspects in education, so SBL will become a good tool for organizational promotion meant to attract future candidates trained according to the newly launched educational approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims to analyse the effects/influence of artificial intelligence in combating climate change, for the protection of the environment and humanity as a whole. Climate change, artificial intelligence, sustainable development are some of the concepts addressed in this research, starting from the worldwide impact that artificial intelligence demonstrates today, continuing with the two sides it can present - one of combating the effects of climate change or, and the second one being contrary, i.e. aggravating or at most neutralizing them. For this reason, the article analyses artificial intelligence as it is currently perceived, how it is implemented in the fight against climate change, the results of its application, emphasizing the positive effects, but also highlighting possible negative effects. The article also seeks to discuss the need for good practice and policies that support the global commitment of all actors involved (organizations, states, citizens) in this matter. To achieve its proposed objective, the research mainly followed the relevant doctrine, legislative measures adopted at international, regional and national level to highlight what are the immediate and future effects of climate change and how they can be influenced, especially in a positive way by artificial intelligence. Based on these aspects, we see both the proactive reaction and the moral and legal obligation of all of us to contribute by tackling the climate change crisis facing humanity, having social repercussions and a significant negative economic impact while taking into account the respect for human rights. The phenomenon of climate change, appreciated as a global, persistent problem, and also an exponential one stresses the need for a global climate policy which requires continued global cooperation in regards to tackling climate change so as to achieve visible results. If these factors are not met, we will witness an increasingly obvious deterioration of the environment resulting in endangering the wellbeing, safety and non-observance of people's rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change, the European Union's goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and climate migrants are some concepts discussed and detailed in this article, starting with the climate change facing the entire planet, continuing with European Union's urgent need to take steps to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 so that we can finally address the category of climate migrants, another daunting challenge in the fight to stabilize the situation of migrants worldwide. To achieve the proposed objective, the research mainly followed the legislative measures adopted at international level, emphasizing the measures proposed within the European Union, but also the specialized literature, using at the same time a series of statistical data to highlight the immediate and future effects of climate change, identifying the most diverse challenges and answer/solutions that should be provided in the near future. We are certain that climate policy has played and will keep on playing a particularly important role in the policy of the European Union, but also of each nation state, we appreciate that it is difficult to determine whether the European Union is heading toward 2050 slowly but surely, establishing measures suitable for attaining climate neutrality or, in contrast, we are witnessing a series of measures that support the fight against climate change but are not enough to ensure climate neutrality and are powerless against stopping the phenomenon of climate migration, which, in our opinion will become more and more visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solidarity, a principle embedded by the United Nations and later at European level in the treaties of the European Union, is frequently used in the discourse of states, international organizations and citizens, especially in the light of events in recent years. It is currently a widely debated topic from a theoretical and practical perspective, also presupposing taking a series of measures comprising those that the European Union has understood to analyse, develop and apply with reference to the crisis generated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In the light of these events, the present article seeks to analyse in a concise manner the management and the implementation of the measures taken regarding the starting point of this crisis. It highlights the already existing premises in the history of the European Union that have generated the need for solidarity, but pointing out the uniqueness generated by this health crisis. The conclusions drawn from this analysis refer to the need for international and intra-EU cooperation through the development of public policies that ensure a sustainable and inclusive recovery, bearing the imprint of solidarity, equality between states and the protection of human rights, as well as providing support from all European Union citizens in order to build practical foundations for the principle of solidarity, not just theoretical ones, so as to ensure a much more efficient and quick response to possible new crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the notion of "artificial intelligence" (AI) and its evolution so far have led to a massive increase in the interest given to the challenges that artificial intelligence touches upon in the current digital age. In light of these challenges, this article seeks, in broad terms, to emphasize the interconnection of AI and human rights, generating different perspectives, but which, overall, aim to ensure the appropriate legal framework for the development and implementation of AI with respect for human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The conclusions drawn from this analysis refer to the imposition of legislative regulations at state and organizational level that provide the necessary framework for a democratic society and a global predictability, in which ethics, transparency of the legal framework and intelligent use of AI, but also universality of human rights need to contribute more in order that the end goals are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in the happiness and well-being of people from international organizations (especially the United Nations, which this year celebrates its 75th anniversary), regional organizations, but also each individual state, starting from the premise of creating a new right, the right to happiness of people and, implicitly, of citizens, although we are aware that happiness does not have the same content everywhere and that its perception depends on many objective and subjective factors. In this article we have tried to identify a series of measures and projects adopted to ensure and respect the right to happiness, in order to improve the standard of living in cities, standard of living that directly influences the happiness of citizens, following the emergence and evolution of the concept of smart cities. These projects help to shape public policies that must promote the well-being of citizens, their happiness, greater transparency in the provision of people services and, last but not least, adequate security. The conclusions drawn at the end of this article show that the relationship between smart cities and happy cities, although a directly proportional relationship that provides concrete evidence of citizens 'happiness and a more sustainable and, why not more humane, future does not permanently result in citizens' happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent European Union 27 extension of the article 50 TEU ("Brexit flextension") adopted at the end of October 2019 effective the 31st of January 2020, has the potential to affect both the UK and EU institutional actors. For some of them, such as the Court of Justice of the EU, the after effect of Brexit on the Court, as an EU institutional actor, will lead to the discovery of the fact that a series of fundamental legal changes will affect this relationship and, obviously, the UK citizens and others who are living there. This article highlights some aspects regarding the relationship between the two parts starting with the 31st of January 2020, meaning the transition period and afterwards the impact of CJEU case law and judgements. The Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU calls into question the activity of the institutional actors of the Union, including the CJEU on which we will focus in this article and how this will change both the UK and EU economic and political climate, but one of the most important effects we appreciate it will be the economic impact. It is hard to only conclude this or whether this relationship will have some positive results or, on the contrary, it translates to the beginning of some legal uncertainties and problems for the citizens (e.g. mobility, citizenship, immigration policies), not only during any transitional period but also in the long term or not at all if there will be a no-deal Brexit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to happiness, part of human rights belonging to the third generation, is the result of globalization and the evolution of human rights over time. At the same time, the happiness and well-being of citizens are premises that underlie the creation and adoption of public policies, aiming at ensuring good governance. Good governance means, among many other definitions given in the literature, also the happiness of citizens and the ways in which it can be achieved. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and identify these premises, from the perspective of human rights and public authorities; in order to benefit of a good governance which can help ensure the happiness of citizens and also the guarantee of citizen rights, transparency, effective public policies and trust are needed. The aim is to investigate some aspects that can confirm the idea that good governance is interconnected with citizens’ standard of living and happiness and contributes to guaranteeing and promoting their rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of globalization, identification and implementing of practical solutions for sustainable development, environmental security, and human development as a whole has also led to a strengthening of the right to happiness. The emergence of the World Happiness Report, as a reference survey of the state of global happiness, shows that happiness does not have the same content and the same configuration everywhere, but it is certainly an ideal to achieve. This article highlights the conclusions of the World Happiness Report for 2018, with special attention to migration, by emphasizing the right to migrate in search of happiness. The originality of this report is represented by the emphasis on the happiness-migration relationship, analyzing this relationship from the point of view of the economic, social, territorial and not only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article first examines the current and future regulations of the European Instrument entitled "European Citizenship Initiative", established by the Constitutive Treaties and by Regulation (EU) No 211/2011 recently replaced by a new regulation, Regulation (EU) 2019/788 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the European Citizens' Initiative, which will apply from 1 January 2020. The new EU citizenship regulations are the EU's efforts to make this European instrument a real contribution to improving the quality of democracy in the EU and by witch the Commission can ensure that its decisions on legislative proposals are taken as closely as possible to citizens, giving European citizens the opportunity to express their views on the Union and its future in order to strengthen participatory democracy, not only by exercising the right to vote conferred by the Treaties, but also by cooperating and participating in the application of ideas of good governance and good administration. The analysis of the impact of the European Citizens' Initiative since its regulation has allowed us to identify the challenges it faced and, last but not least, the need to improve it, which is reflected in the new Regulation (EU) 2019/788. Looking ahead, it remains to be seen from the moment of its entry into force what will be the effects of these European citizenship initiatives if there are significant positive effects that will make this instrument more visible, credible, accessible and more effective for in time for the EU and its citizens, or whether it will retain the minimum legislative impact on the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of recent developments at the European Union level, the current article seeks to find a response to the role that the European Union should play in protecting democracy, human rights and, last but not least, the rule of law. Starting from a minimal theoretical approach of concepts within the European Union and continuing with some concrete situations, the protection of these key values is subject to strong blows/attacks, outlining the idea that the European Union is increasingly considered to be bureaucratic and, sometimes, undemocratic. Despite these considerations, the European Union has a duty to continue its work on promoting human rights, to ensure respect for the rule of law, the protection of human rights and the democratic architecture of each Member State, so that the citizen's legal certainty and trust in the European values promoted at this level to represent one of its key objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article first examines the current regulations and possible effects of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding the surveillance system on serious violations of human rights, through its Additional Protocols, such as Protocol no. 16 added to the Convention, which will enable the European Court of Human Rights to address preliminary questions. The new challenges posed by the entry into force of Protocol no. 16 after being added to the Convention will probably have a positive impact, by creating a uniform European law for fundamental rights and freedoms, and at the same time will ensure a more appropriate response to possible violations in the future. At the same time, it offers the possibility for the highest courts of the Contracting Parties to seek a consultative opinion on the interpretation or application of fundamental rights and freedoms and many other options, such as creating some prerequisites for facilitating the work of the ECHR by reducing its workload, and facilitating the accession of the European Union to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, on the assumption that the two mechanisms are relatively similar, and to raise some questions about the possibility of access to justice of each individual before the ECHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remodeling the E.U. migration process and managing migration through a complex and balanced approach are key aspects of the current EU policy; the international stability of E.U. member states, including the E.U. itself, can be achieved mainly through responsibility and solidarity. In this context, the protection of human rights, of the European values and of the European principles of law represents a challenge to European societies in terms of international stability and the need to develop coherent national and European policies. The cooperation for eliminating discrimination, the development in areas such as free movement, education, health, labor law, poverty reduction, human rights, reducing the negative impact on local communities, and considering the phenomenon of migration as an opportunity for some local communities, as well, are challenges that contemporary European societies have to overcome successfully, requiring long-term, efficient solutions, which guaranteeing social cohesion at local and international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of migrants and refugees is one of the main topics of interest both in terms of legislation adopted in this area and the need for alignment of these regulations at national and international level, and in terms of guaranteeing human rights of these categories of persons that they should avail themselves of. In this context, the adoption of the Declaration in New York relating to Refugees and Migrants, on the 19th of September 2016, which also includes a startup World Pact in order to ensure a safe, orderly and regulated migration following the U.N. Resolution A/RES/71/6 April 2017 2802 regarding the arrangements for intergovernmental negotiation of Global Compact for a safe, orderly and regulated migration; it represents much more than a moral challenge and through international humanitarian cooperation constitutes a step towards the harmonization of the regulatory framework in this field. The observance of the human rights of migrants implies respect for their dignity as individuals, but also creates conditions for economic and social development, respect for values such as responsibility, solidarity, humanity and human diversity and, last but not least, the promoting and guaranteeing human migration in a balanced way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]