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La più breve, e singolare, amministrazione presidenziale degli Stati Uniti d’America è stata protagonista di eventi – oggi in parte dimenticati – che dagli anni Settanta hanno modificato gli equilibri di potere in seno alla Comunità degli Stati e che hanno mutato profondamente il corso delle relazioni internazionali. The shortest, and most peculiar, presidential administration of the United States of America was the protagonist of events – now partly forgotten – which since the 1970s have changed the balance of power within the Community of States and which have profoundly changed the course of international relations.

In this work the influence of including the Population Balance Equation (PBE) in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a Venturi Scrubber was performed in order to analyze the dispersion of liquid injected in the equipment. The results of simulations with and without the PBE were compared, and the inclusion of the effects of the models of droplet breakage and coalescence were analyzed. The results showed that the inclusion of PBE had little effect on the pressure drop in the Venturi Scrubber. The contours of volume fraction of the droplets showed that the inclusion of PBE allowed to evaluate the variation of droplet diameter and its dispersion in the equipment. CFD simulations using the PBE can contribute to the design of Venturi Srubbers in order to verify the dispersion of injected fluid provided by the corresponding geometry. Neste trabalho foi analisada a influência da inclusão do Modelo de Balanço Populacional (MBP) em simulações por Fluidodinâmica Computacional (CFD) na dispersão do líquido injetado em um Lavador Venturi. Foram comparados os resultados de simulações com e sem a inclusão do MBP, bem como avaliada a inclusão dos efeitos dos modelos de quebra e coalescência de gotas. Os resultados mostraram que a inclusão do MBP apresentou efeito pouco pronunciado sobre a queda de pressão no Lavador Venturi. Nos contornos de fração volumétrica das gotas, foi observado que a inclusão do MBP possibilitou avaliar a variação de diâmetro de gota e a sua dispersão no equipamento. Simulações por CFD utilizando o MBP podem contribuir para projetos de Lavadores Venturi, de modo a verificar a dispersão de líquido injetado que a geometria correspondente proporciona.

Lapatinib plus capecitabine (lap+cap) is approved as treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), who have progressed on prior trastuzumab in the metastatic setting. We previously reported progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety results from this open-label, multicentre, phase II study (VITAL; NCT01013740) conducted in women with HER2 positive MBC, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lap plus vinorelbine (lap+vin), an important chemotherapy option for MBC, compared with lap+cap. In total, 112 patients were randomised 2:1 to treatment with lap+vin (N = 75) or lap+cap (N = 37). Results showed that the median PFS (primary endpoint) and OS (secondary endpoint) post-randomisation were comparable between treatment arms, with no new safety signals detected. Here, we assessed the final OS in this study at 40 months post-randomisation. At the time of final analyses, 24 (32%) patients were ongoing in the lap+vin arm, compared with 14 (38%) patients in the lap+cap arm (92% in both arms had discontinued treatment). Median OS in the lap+vin arm was 23.3 months (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 18.5, 31.1), compared with 20.3 months (95% CI: 16.4, 31.8) in the lap+cap arm. The median follow-up in the lap+vin arm was 18.86 months (95% CI: 10.68, 26.02), compared with 19.38 (95% CI: 25.56) months in the lap+cap arm. Similar rates of death (56-57%) were observed in both arms. The final OS was consistent with the previously reported data and suggest that lap+vin offers an effective treatment option for women with HER2-positive MBC. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.